CN108377677A - A kind of carbon dioxide expanded loosening device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of carbon dioxide expanded loosening device and method, device includes tube body and conehead, the cavity for filling liquid CO 2 is equipped in the tube body, the outlet port of the tube body is sealed and installed with conehead, gas passage is equipped in the middle part of the conehead, the gas passage is connected to by the pressure valve on gas passage with the gas outlet of tube body, the conehead upper edge conehead axial arranging has at least one set of injection hole groups, method includes layouting, plant pipe, line, excitation, it checks, remove six steps such as receipts, the present invention can select to loosen the soil the depth of soil layer, required depth soil layer is set to realize uniform, it is whole fluffy, improve soil texture, the installation weight is light simultaneously, it is small, it operates light, eliminate the defect that big machinery rolls soil.

Description

A carbon dioxide expansion soil loosening device and method

technical field

The invention relates to a carbon dioxide expansion soil loosening device and method.

Background technique

Soil compaction is a common phenomenon in the farming process of farmland, orchard, grassland, and vegetable garden, and is an important obstacle to soil degradation, soil quality decline, and unsustainable soil productivity. Soil compaction is mainly related to factors such as heavy soil texture, shallow plowing layer, low organic matter content, excessive application of chemical fertilizers, and compaction by mechanical tillage. Soil loosening is an important technical measure to eliminate or alleviate the problem of soil compaction. Increase the gap between soil particles by loosening the soil, make the soil loose, improve soil aeration, increase the respiration of root cells, promote the exchange of mineral elements between root hairs and soil and the absorption of mineral elements by roots; at the same time, for soil microorganisms The activity creates good conditions, promotes the decomposition of organic matter, increases the nutrient supply capacity of the soil, and improves the nutritional conditions; loosening the soil can also regulate soil moisture, conserve moisture and prevent drought. Under drought conditions, after loosening the soil, it can break the soil compaction, cut off the capillary, prevent the evaporation of soil moisture, and achieve the function of water storage and moisture conservation; when the water is too much, it can increase the evaporation of soil moisture, so that the plants grow and develop well.

The traditional soil loosening technology mainly includes artificial soil loosening, plowing by animal power and adding organic soil, etc. The traditional technology needs a lot of time and manpower and animal power input, and the soil loosening effect is not ideal. In recent years, hole punching machine loosening technology has been developed in lawn and gardening, and excavator scarifier and bulldozer scarifier have been developed in farmland applications. The development of soil loosening machines undoubtedly plays an important role in reducing labor input and improving soil loosening efficiency in the process of loosening soil, but these loosening machines and their use also have certain limitations. For example, the soil loosening machine mainly uses the probe to form small holes on the ground. Although it is beneficial for the water on the soil surface to flow to the deep soil through the needle holes formed by the hole drilling, this technology does not change the soil porosity and soil porosity in essence. Tightness to achieve the purpose of real loose soil. Excavator-type rippers or bulldozer-type rippers need to connect the ripper device with power traction equipment to work, and are generally bulky and heavy. It is easier to work on open and flat ground during the land fallow period, but it is difficult to work on small or finely crushed land. Soil loosening operations should be carried out on uneven land and land with plant growth. At the same time, there may be compaction of the soil during large-scale mechanical operations, which will further aggravate soil compaction. Therefore, it is important to invent a soil loosening technology that can address different land use patterns, different ground leveling degrees, different field sizes, and different crop coverage conditions, and will not cause secondary compaction of the soil. value and prospects.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of loose soil that can be applied to different land use patterns, different areas of land, and soils with different ground conditions. Through the phase transition of liquid carbon dioxide, high-pressure carbon dioxide gas expands and acts on the soil, so that the surrounding and soil at a certain depth The carbon dioxide expansion soil loosening device and method for the fluffy soil in the upper layer, and the present invention can select the depth of the loose soil layer, so that the soil layer of the required depth can be uniform and fluffy as a whole, and the soil structure can be improved. At the same time, the device is light in weight and small in size , easy to operate, eliminating the defects of large-scale machinery rolling soil.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

A carbon dioxide expansion scarifying device, comprising a pipe body and a cone head, the pipe body is provided with a cavity filled with liquid carbon dioxide, one end of the pipe body is closed, and the other end is provided with an air outlet, and the pipe body is provided with A heating device for converting liquid carbon dioxide into a gaseous state in the tube body. The gas outlet end of the tube body is sealed with a conical head, and the middle part of the conical head is provided with a gas channel, and the gas channel passes through a pressure valve installed on the gas channel. It communicates with the air outlet of the pipe body, and at least one group of injection hole groups is arranged on the cone head along the axial direction of the cone head, and each group of injection hole groups is composed of a plurality of injection holes evenly arranged along the circumference of the cone head, so The injection hole is communicated with the gas channel through the injection channel.

The tube body is provided with a filling port for filling liquid carbon dioxide into the tube body.

The heating device is a heating tube, and the heating tube is arranged in the tube body and coaxially with the tube body.

The heating tube is a gunpowder-based heating tube or an electromagnetic heating-based heating tube or an thermite-based heating tube or an electric heating-based heating tube.

The heating device is controlled by an external control device.

An included angle is set between the injection hole and the cone head axial direction.

The included angle is 5-20 degrees.

A kind of carbon dioxide expansion loosening method, utilizes above-mentioned carbon dioxide expansion loosening device, comprises the steps:

a. Distribution point:

Determine the depth of loosening points and the distance between loosening points, and arrange a certain number of loosening points within the range of compacted soil, and each loosening point should be arranged in a triangle;

The depth value of the loosening point is equal to the vertical distance from the lowest point of the soil to be loosened to the ground, generally not greater than 80cm; the spacing value of the loosening point refers to the center distance between adjacent loosening points, which should take into account the distance between crops/fruit trees The distance between them needs to be determined through experiments in actual application, and generally does not exceed 4m.

b. Planting tube:

Plant the carbon dioxide expansion loosening device into the soil at the point according to the designed depth and distance of the loosening point; the depth of the planting tube should be the depth of the loosening point plus the length of the cone head.

c. Connection:

First, connect the lead wires of the carbon dioxide expansion loosening device with a branch wire to form a series network, lay the main wire, one end of the main wire is connected to the branch wire, and the other end is connected to the controller;

d. Excitation: use the controller to excite the carbon dioxide expansion loosening device, check the effect after excitation, confirm and record the loosening quality of the compacted soil.

When arranging the points in the step a, the points should be marked and recorded after the points are determined.

Owing to adopting above-mentioned structure, the present invention has following advantage:

1. Innovatively proposed a technology based on the high pressure of gas generated by the change of carbon dioxide phase state to realize compaction and loosening of soil.

2. The present invention realizes the overall and even fluffy effect of the soil in a certain soil layer, avoiding that the needle-type soil loosening instrument only realizes partial perforation and introduces water into the bottom layer without actually changing the effect of soil compaction.

3. The present invention can drill a hole to loosen the surrounding soil in a large area, avoiding the need for power traction of excavator-type scarifiers or bulldozer-type scarifiers, and the destructive effects of heavy machinery on soil rolling.

4. The invention realizes the non-destructive soil loosening operation regardless of whether there are crops growing on the ground during the operation period, and the soil loosening process does not affect the crop growth, which breaks through that the plowing and loosening machine can only be operated when no crops are planted limit.

5. The device is small, light, wide in application, easy to operate, and can be recycled for soil loosening in different land use modes. It is suitable for vegetable fields, orchards, gardening, lawns, and farmland, and can also be applied to different areas and different terrains condition of the soil.

In summary, the present invention turns liquid carbon dioxide into a gaseous state after being excited, and its volume will increase by about 600 times under standard conditions (about 15 degrees of temperature and about 1 atmosphere of pressure), and a large amount of carbon dioxide is generated by the liquid-gas phase transition of carbon dioxide. Due to this characteristic of the gas, a carbon dioxide liquid-gas phase change expansion soil loosening device has been developed. First, the compressed liquid carbon dioxide is injected into the device, and then the device is inserted into the soil to be loosened, and the carbon dioxide liquid is realized through a special exciter. - gas phase change, the generated carbon dioxide gas expands and works, through its quasi-static pressure and gas wedge action, the compacted soil is generally loosened, and the soil structure is improved. It provides technical support for compaction soil improvement in orchards, grasslands, and vegetable gardens, and is of great significance for promoting crop growth and improving soil quality.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of laying according to the present invention.

In the accompanying drawings, 1-wiring contact, 2-heating tube, 3-liquid carbon dioxide, 4-tube body, 5-cone head, 6-jet hole, 7-pressure valve, 8-filling mouth, 9-handle.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation of a carbon dioxide expansion soil loosening device and method will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples.

As shown in Figure 1, a carbon dioxide expansion soil loosening device includes a wiring contact 1, a heating pipe 2, a liquid carbon dioxide 3, a pipe body 4, a cone head 5, an air injection port 6, a pressure valve 7, a filling port 8, and a handle 9. The body of the tube is a cavity filled with liquid carbon dioxide 3, one end of the tube body 4 is closed, and the other end is provided with an air outlet, and the tube body 4 is provided with a filling device for filling the liquid carbon dioxide 3 in the tube body. Port 8, the pipe body 4 is provided with a heating device for changing the liquid carbon dioxide 3 in the pipe body to a gaseous state, the heating device is activated by external control, the heating device can be a heating tube 2, and the form of the heating tube 2 can be It can be based on gunpowder type, it can be based on electromagnetic heating type, it can also be based on thermite effect type, and it can also be based on electric heating type. The middle part of the cone head 5 is provided with a gas channel, and the gas channel communicates with the gas outlet of the pipe body 4 through the pressure valve 7 installed on the gas channel, and at least one group of Injection hole groups, each group of injection hole groups is composed of a plurality of injection holes uniformly arranged along the circumference of the cone head. The included angle of 5-20 degrees prevents the soil from blocking the injection hole 6 when the cone head 5 is inserted into the soil.

The function of the above-mentioned wiring contact 1 is to lead out the two legs of the heating tube 2, and the external electric energy is delivered to the heating tube in the tube body through the wiring contact; Energy, through the rapid heating of the heating tube 2, the transformation of carbon dioxide from liquid to gas can be realized; the liquid carbon dioxide 3 is filled and filled through the filling port 8 by a filling machine; the tube body 4 is made of high-strength special steel, mainly The function is to hold the liquid carbon dioxide 3 and the heating pipe, and provide growth space and strength for the phase change of carbon dioxide; the cone head 5 is made of ordinary steel, and has three main functions, one is to seal the pipe body through threaded connection The lower end of 4, the 2nd, be used to lay pressure valve 4 and spray hole 6, the 3rd, be beneficial to device insertion in the hardened soil. The injection hole 6 is arranged in the cone head 5, and there are 4 to 10 injection channels. One end of the injection channel is connected to the pipe body through a gas channel and a pressure valve, and the other end of the channel is connected to the outside through the injection hole 6; the main function of the injection hole 6 is Spray high-pressure carbon dioxide gas to the outside to loosen the soil; pressure valve 7 is a composite material plate structure that can bear a certain pressure (such as 80-100MPa), and is installed in the cone head; when the pressure of carbon dioxide gas in the pipe body reaches this pressure After the threshold, the pressure valve opens, and the high-pressure gas enters the injection channel; the handle 9 is used to operate the device to insert and remove from the soil. The dimensions and specifications of the whole carbon dioxide expansion and loosening device can be changed, and can be shaped as required.

Soil loosening principle

The heating tube 2 in the tube body 4 is activated by the control device, and the heating tube 2 instantly releases a large amount of heat to meet the condition of the carbon dioxide liquid-gas phase transition, and the liquid carbon dioxide 3 in the tube body 4 realizes the phase transition from the liquid state to the gas state instantly; due to the carbon dioxide phase transition A large amount of gas will be released during the transformation process, and the gas is sealed in the pipe body 4, and its pressure will rise rapidly; when the pressure of carbon dioxide gas in the pipe body 4 reaches the pressure threshold of the pressure valve 7, the pressure valve 7 is opened, and the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas It will spray out along the injection port and work on the compacted soil outside the pipe body 4, forming a large number of radial, transverse and circumferential cracks in the compacted soil, and forming a certain uplift on the ground to achieve the purpose of loosening the compacted soil.

Performance of carbon dioxide expansion loosening device:

Take a carbon dioxide expansion loosening device with an outer diameter of 51mm as an example. The length of the device is about 100cm, the outer diameter of the pipe is about 51mm, and the wall thickness of the pipe body is about 8mm. .

Operation method and precautions

According to the number of carbon dioxide expansion loosening devices used each time, its operation is divided into single and multiple situations.

The following is an example of a carbon dioxide swelling scarification device with an outer diameter of 51 mm to illustrate the operation method.

(1) Operation method of a single carbon dioxide expansion loosening device

The operation method of a single carbon dioxide expansion and soil loosening device is divided into six steps: point layout, pipe planting, connection, excitation, inspection, and withdrawal.

The first step is to lay out points:

Measure or visually inspect the section of compacted soil that is about to be loosened, and determine the basic parameters such as the position, thickness, and width of the compacted soil; determine the position, angle, and depth of the loosened soil according to the basic situation of the compacted soil; A loosening point shall be arranged within a diameter of 4m, the depth shall not exceed 80cm, and the angle shall be vertical or slightly inclined. After the point is determined, it shall be marked and recorded.

The second step of planting:

Plant the carbon dioxide expansion loosening device into the soil at the point according to the designed depth and angle;

The third step is to connect:

Lay a wire with a length of not less than 30m, one end is connected to the loosening device, and the other end is connected to the exciter;

The fourth step triggers:

Use the exciter to excite the line;

Step 5 Check:

After the excitation, it is necessary to check the effect to confirm and record the loose quality of the compacted soil.

The sixth step withdraws:

The carbon dioxide expansion soil loosening device is sprayed, and after the above-mentioned inspection results, the device can be withdrawn for recycling at the next point.

(2) Operation method of multiple carbon dioxide expansion loosening devices

As shown in Figure 2, the operation method of multiple carbon dioxide expansion loosening devices is basically the same as that of a single soil loosening operation. The requirements are different.

The first step is to lay out points:

Requirements: When arranging multiple points, try to arrange the points in a triangle; the distance between each point is about 4m, the depth does not exceed 80cm, and the angle is vertical. After the point is determined, it should be marked and recorded.

The second step of planting:

Plant the carbon dioxide expansion loosening device into the soil at the point according to the designed depth and angle;

The third step is to connect:

First connect the lead-out lines of each scarifying device with a branch line to form a series network, and then lay a trunk line with a length of not less than 30m, one end of the trunk line is connected to the scarifying device, and the other end is connected to the exciter;

The fourth step triggers:

Use the exciter to excite the line;

Step 5 Check:

After the excitation, it is necessary to check the effect to confirm and record the loose quality of the compacted soil.

The sixth step withdraws:

The carbon dioxide expansion soil loosening device is sprayed, and after the above-mentioned inspection results, the device can be withdrawn for recycling at the next point.

Precautions:

1. When connecting the wires, there should be 10% slack in the wires, wrap the joints with insulating tape, and check the conduction of the wires.

2. Before excitation, it is necessary to ensure that there are no other people or livestock on the loose soil block before excitation.

3. When inspecting after activation, first of all, do not approach the device, and stand on the periphery of the work site to directly observe whether it is fluffy; when it is determined that the device is not in motion, it is necessary to approach the site for inspection ten minutes after activation.

Example:

Camellia oleifera plantation area of Chaxi Town, Xinhua County, 30 mu of Camellia oleifera forest. The Camellia oleifera forest has been afforested for 15 years, and it is in the peak production period. Due to the extensive management level, there is a problem of soil compaction, which seriously affects the yield. fluffy.

The Camellia oleifera trees in the Camellia oleifera forest are about 3 to 4 meters apart, and the roots are densely distributed, so it is impossible to use mechanical subsoiling to deal with the problem of soil compaction; the growth and development of the tea trees are closely related to the growth of the root system. Manual loosening cannot achieve deep loosening.

Adopting the carbon dioxide expansion loosening device to carry out subsoiling has solved the above-mentioned difficult problem.

Operate according to the operating method of operation method (2), as follows in detail: because the spacing of the Camellia oleifera trees is no more than 4 meters, deep loosening points are arranged in the middle of the Camellia oleifera trees, with a depth of about 80 cm and a vertical angle; Implanted into the soil at the points laid out above; prepare 8 to 10 points for deep loosening each time, connect each loosening device into a series network, and use the exciter for excitation. Based on 2 labors, 20 mu of deep loosening can be performed every day Camellia oleifera forest.

The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art should understand that various changes are made to the present invention in form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims. , all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of carbon dioxide expanded loosening device, it is characterised in that：It is equipped with including tube body and conehead, in the tube body and fills liquid The cavity of body carbon dioxide, one end closing of the tube body, the other end are equipped with gas outlet, are equipped with liquid in tube body in the tube body Body carbon dioxide is to the heating device of gaseous transformation, and the outlet port of the tube body is sealed and installed with conehead, in the conehead Portion is equipped with gas passage, and the gas passage is connected to by the pressure valve on gas passage with the gas outlet of tube body, institute Stating conehead upper edge conehead axial arranging has at least one set of injection hole groups, and every group of injection hole groups are by multiple along the circumferential uniformly arrangement of conehead Spray-hole constitute, the spray-hole is connected to by injection channel with gas passage.

2. carbon dioxide expanded loosening device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The tube body is equipped with can be towards pipe Fill liquid CO 2 in vivo fills mouth.

3. carbon dioxide expanded loosening device according to claim 1 and method, it is characterised in that：The heating device is Heating tube, the heating tube are arranged in tube body and are coaxially disposed with tube body.

4. carbon dioxide expanded loosening device according to claim 3 and method, it is characterised in that：The heating tube is base Heating tube in gunpowder formula or the heating tube based on electromagnetic heating type or heating tube based on aluminothermy effect type are based on electrical heating The heating tube of formula.

5. carbon dioxide expanded loosening device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The heating device is controlled by the external world Device control processed.

6. the carbon dioxide expanded loosening device according to one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterised in that：The spray-hole with Conehead is axially arranged with an angle.

7. carbon dioxide expanded loosening device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The angle is 5-20 degree.

8. a kind of carbon dioxide expanded scarifying method, carbon dioxide expanded loosened the soil using multiple described in one of claim 5 to 7 Device, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：

A, it layouts：

It treats fluffy soil section to measure, determines range, the thickness and width of knotts clay, multiple pines are laid in knotts clay position Native point；

B, pipe is planted：

It will be at least one carbon dioxide expanded loosening device implantation point soil by the depth and angle of design；

C, line：

The lead-out wire of carbon dioxide expanded loosening device is connected into series network with open traverse first, lays main traverse line, is dominated Line one end connects open traverse, and the other end connects controller；

D, it excites：Carbon dioxide expanded loosening device is excited with controller, effect inspection is carried out after excitation, confirms and remembers Record the fluffy quality of hardened soil.

9. carbon dioxide expanded scarifying method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：When layouting in the step a, pine Soil puts laying triangular in shape；The depth loosened the soil a little is no more than 80cm, and spacing is no more than 4m, mark should be performed after determining point Note and record.