CN108363441B - Manual upflow system and regulation and control method based on manual upflow oligotrophic salt sea area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial upflow system and a regulation and control method based on an artificial upflow oligotrophic salt sea area, wherein the system comprises an energy supply system, a control system, an air injection system and a user side, and the energy supply system comprises a solar power generation panel, a storage battery, an inverter and a direct current voltage converter; the control system comprises a PLC, a first microcontroller and a second microcontroller; the gas injection system comprises a sensor unit and gas injection pumps which are distributed in an m multiplied by n array; can be applied to the field of marine environment ecology and restoration. The oligotrophic salt sea area can use an open type gas injection system to generate artificial upflow, so that rich trophic salt is brought to the surface sea water, and an environment favorable for algae growth is created. The invention controls the work of the air pump through temperature, illumination, system electric quantity and environmental flow rate, realizes that the surface sea water brings sufficient nutritive salt, and simultaneously ensures that the whole system realizes high efficiency and low energy consumption.

Description

An artificial upwelling system and its regulation based on artificial upwelling oligonutrient sea area method

technical field

The invention relates to the fields of marine engineering and marine ecology, in particular to an artificial upwelling system and a control method based on the artificial upwelling oligonutrient sea area.

Background technique

Natural upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon, which refers to the ocean current rising in a straight line from below the sea surface, which can lift the nutrient-rich deep seawater to the euphotic layer, provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of surface phytoplankton, and thus enhance the ocean's health. primary productivity. In nature, the upwelling of the ocean is limited by region and time, and cannot bring sufficient nutrients to all surface seawater. Therefore, in the oligotrophic salt sea area without natural upwelling, artificial systems can be placed to form seawater upwelling from the seabed to the sea surface, which can simulate the natural upwelling process and bring sufficient nutrients to the surface seawater to realize value-added fishery resources , increasing carbon sinks, and improving the marine ecological environment.

As a kind of geoengineering method, artificial upwelling technology has been widely concerned by the academic circles. The existing artificial upwelling technology can be divided into the following five types according to the driving mode, namely: artificial mountain type artificial upwelling, mechanical pump type artificial upwelling, salt spring type artificial upwelling, wave current pump type artificial upwelling and pneumatic artificial upwelling. At present, the devices used to create upwelling mostly realize the lifting of seawater, but they are rarely used to really change the distribution of nutrients in the entire oligonutrient sea area.

To control the oligonutrient sea area with an artificial upwelling system, many external factors need to be considered, such as ocean current velocity, seawater turbidity, etc., to achieve efficient control of the system with low energy consumption and high efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide an artificial upwelling system and a control method based on the artificial upwelling oligonutrient salt sea area, so as to bring sufficient nutrients to the surface seawater and make the whole control system realize High efficiency and low energy consumption.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an artificial upwelling system, including an energy supply system, a control system, a gas injection system and a user end, the energy supply system includes a solar power generation panel, a storage battery, an inverter and a DC voltage converter; the control system includes a PLC, a first microcontroller, and a second microcontroller; the gas injection system includes a sensor unit and an m×n array of gas injection pumps; one end of the storage battery is connected to a solar power generation panel The other end is connected to the inverter and the DC voltage converter. The DC voltage converter provides DC power for the PLC, the sensor unit, the first micro-controller and the second micro-controller; the PLC is connected to the inverter and the first micro-controller respectively. The inverter and the air pump are connected, the first micro-controller controls the PLC, and the PLC controls the switch of the air pump, and the inverter provides AC power for the air pump; the second micro-controller is connected to the sensor unit; the first micro-controller and the second micro-controller The device is connected to the user terminal through the 4G network; two adjacent air injection pumps are connected by a rope, and kelp is cultivated on the rope, with 20-30 plants per meter.

Further, the sensor unit includes an illumination sensor, a flow meter, a temperature sensor and a power sensor.

Further, the client is a personal computer that can be connected to the Internet.

Further, both the first microcontroller and the second microcontroller are Raspberry Pi.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for regulating and controlling the oligonutrient salt sea area utilizing the above-mentioned artificial upwelling system, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Obtain artificial upwelling system parameters and sea area status parameters through the sensor unit, the former includes the remaining power of the battery, and the latter includes light intensity, temperature and ambient flow velocity;

Step 2: Pass the obtained parameters to the second microcontroller. If the remaining power exceeds the minimum power threshold, and the light intensity and temperature exceed the light intensity threshold and temperature threshold, the gas injection system is powered on, otherwise it is turned off;

Step 3: According to the underwater depth of the kelp, calculate the ideal environmental flow velocity μ _∞ at the kelp; according to the actual environmental flow velocity measured by the sensor unit, use PLC to control all the air injection pumps, with (1,1) to (m,1 ) air injection pump is the positive x direction, and the air injection pump from (1,1) to (1,n) is the positive y direction, and the actual environmental flow rate is decomposed into x and y directions respectively as μ _x , μ _y ,

If both μ _x and μ _y then turn off all air pumps;

If both μ _x and μ _y are positive and ∈μ _∞ , then close the gas injection pump at (m,n), and other gas injection pumps work normally;

If both μ _x and μ _y are negative and ∈μ _∞ , then turn off the gas injection pump at (1,1), and the other gas injection pumps work normally;

If μ _x is positive and ∈μ _∞ , Then turn off the air injection pumps at (m,1), (m,2),..., (m,n), and the other air injection pumps work normally;

If μ _x is negative and ∈μ _∞ , Then close the air injection pumps at (1,1), (1,2), ..., (1,n), and the other air injection pumps work normally;

like If μ _y is positive and ∈μ _∞ , the gas injection pumps at (1,n), (2,n), ..., (m,n) are turned off, and other gas injection pumps work normally;

like If μ _y is negative and ∈μ _∞ , the gas injection pumps at (1,1), (2,1), ..., (m,1) are turned off, and other gas injection pumps work normally;

If μ _x is positive and ∈μ _∞ , and μ _y is negative and ∈μ _∞ , turn off the gas injection pump at (m,1), and other gas injection pumps work normally;

If μ _x is negative and ∈μ _∞ , and μ _y is positive and ∈μ _∞ , the gas injection pump at (1,n) is turned off, and other gas injection pumps work normally.

Further, the obtained system parameters and sea area condition parameters are obtained in the following ways: measure the flow velocity (μ _x , μ _y ) in the current sea area with a current meter, use the light sensor to obtain the light intensity I, and use the temperature sensor to obtain the temperature T of the water body ; Use the power sensor to obtain the remaining power W of the battery.

Further, the step 2 is specifically as follows:

N _growth = G _growth × (1-resp) (1)

G _growth =μ _max ×f(I)×f(T)×f(NP) (3)

Among them, N _growth is the net growth of kelp; G _growth is the total growth of kelp, which is determined by light, temperature, and NP nutrients; resp is respiration, which is mainly regulated by water temperature T; μ _max is the maximum growth rate, which is a constant; I _S , T _opt , T _x are the optimum light, optimum temperature and temperature ecological width of kelp photosynthesis respectively. When T≤T _opt , T _x ＝T _min , and when T>T _opt , T _x ＝ _Tmax ;

Set the illumination threshold of the gas injection system to h ₁ , from formula (4), when f(I)≥h ₁ , I∈I ₁ ; set the temperature threshold of the gas injection system to h ₂ , from formula (1), formula (2 ) and formula (5) can be obtained when f(T)×(1-resp)≥h ₂ , T∈T ₁ ; I ₁ , T ₁ is the ideal light intensity and ideal temperature, when I∈I ₁ and T∈T At ₁ o'clock, the gas injection system is powered on.

Further, the calculation of the ideal ambient flow rate in step 3 is as follows:

Establish the upwelling model, and use ANSYS simulation and MATLAB processing to obtain the empirical formula of plume depth and flow velocity as follows:

where d ₀ is the depth of the upwelling outlet from the water surface, μ ₀ is the velocity of the upwelling outlet, _dave is the depth of the kelp underwater, and μ _∞ is the velocity of the ideal environment.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The present invention can control the work of the gas injection system under the conditions of known ocean flow velocity, light and temperature, and measure the depth and upwelling velocity of the gas injection system to realize the regulation of nutrients and achieve low power consumption. consumption, high efficiency.

2. The control method of the present invention is simple, reliable, and easy to operate, and can be applied to large-area upwelling systems in oceans and lakes.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an artificial upwelling system;

Figure 2 is a model diagram of the relationship between velocity and depth for the study of upwelling;

Fig. 3 is an m×n array diagram of the gas injection system, and the connection line is used for raft culture of kelp.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In order to realize the regulation and control of the oligotrophic sea area, the present invention proposes a method for regulating the oligotrophic salt sea area by using an artificial upwelling system. While bringing sufficient nutrients to the surface seawater, the entire control system can achieve high efficiency and low energy consumption. consumption.

After arriving at the designated sea area, deploy the artificial upwelling system, which includes energy supply system, control system, gas injection system and user end. The energy supply system includes solar power panels, batteries, inverters and DC voltage converters; the control system includes PLC, a first microcontroller and a second microcontroller; the gas injection system includes a sensor unit and gas injection pumps arranged in an m×n array. The first microcontroller and the second microcontroller are raspberry pies; the sensor unit includes a light sensor, a flow meter, a temperature sensor and a power sensor; and the user end is a personal computer that can be connected to the Internet.

The system connection method is as follows, one end of the battery is connected to the solar power generation panel, the other end is connected to the inverter and the DC voltage converter, and the DC voltage converter provides DC power for the PLC, the sensor unit, the first microcontroller and the second microcontroller The PLC is connected to the inverter, the first microcontroller, and the air pump respectively, the first microcontroller controls the PLC, and the PLC controls the switch of the air pump, and the inverter provides AC power for the air pump; the second microcontroller is connected to the sensor unit; The first microcontroller and the second microcontroller are connected to the user end through a 4G network. In addition, two adjacent air injection pumps are connected by a rope, and kelp is cultivated on the rope, with about 20-30 plants per meter. Through comparative experiments, the growth status of kelp is used to reflect the results of nutrient regulation.

The artificial upwelling system is powered by solar energy to achieve energy self-sufficiency; compared with other forms of upwelling, the upwelling by gas injection has a simple and mature principle and consumes less energy; it is more realistic to use sensors to measure the sea environment in situ Reliable; each air pump can be turned on and off by using PLC, which can save a lot of energy; the remote control function through the Internet is added by using Raspberry Pi, so that users can monitor and participate in real-time monitoring and regulation in other places.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for regulating and controlling the oligonutrient salt sea area utilizing the above-mentioned artificial upwelling system, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Measure the flow velocity (μ _x , μ _y ) in the current sea area with the current meter, obtain the light intensity I with the light sensor, obtain the temperature T of the water body with the temperature sensor; obtain the remaining power W of the battery with the power sensor.

Step 2: Pass the obtained parameters to the second microcontroller. If the remaining power exceeds the minimum power threshold of 20%, and the light intensity and temperature exceed the light intensity threshold and temperature threshold, the gas injection system is powered on, otherwise it is turned off; the details are as follows :

N _growth = G _growth × (1-resp) (1)

G _growth =μ _max ×f(I)×f(T)×f(NP) (3)

Among them, N _growth is the net growth of kelp; G _growth is the total growth of kelp, which is determined by light, temperature, and NP nutrients; resp is respiration, which is mainly regulated by water temperature T; μ _max is the maximum growth rate, which is a constant; I _S , T _opt , T _x are the optimum light, optimum temperature and temperature ecological width of kelp photosynthesis respectively. When T≤T _opt , T _x ＝T _min , and when T>T _opt , T _x ＝ T _max ; In addition, I _s =180 μmol·m ^-2 ·s ^-1 , T _opt =10°C, T _max =20°C, T _min =0.5°C.

Set the illumination threshold of the gas injection system to h ₁ to 0.5, and from the formula (4), when f(I)≥0.5, 42≤I≤480; set the temperature threshold of the gas injection system to h ₂ to 0.4, from the formula (1) , (2) and (5) can be obtained when f(T)×(1-resp)≥0.4, 5.1≤T≤15, then the ideal light intensity I ₁ is 42μmol·m ^-2 ·s ^-1 to 480μmol ·m ^-2 ·s ^-1 , when the ideal temperature T ₁ is 5.1°C to 15°C, when I∈I ₁ and T∈T ₁ , and the remaining power is higher than 20%, the gas injection system is powered on.

Step 3: According to the underwater depth of the kelp, calculate the ideal environmental flow velocity μ _∞ at the kelp. The calculation formula is as follows: establish the upwelling model, and use ANSYS simulation and MATLAB to obtain the empirical formula of plume depth and flow velocity:

where d _ave is the depth of kelp underwater, d ₀ is the depth of the upwelling outlet from the water surface, μ _∞ is the velocity of the ideal environment, and μ ₀ is the velocity of the upwelling outlet.

In the actual environment, the average depth of the plume to be controlled is the growth depth of the kelp, and the depth and velocity of the upwelling outlet are constant values, so the range of the ideal environmental velocity μ _∞ can be obtained. The gas injection pump is an m×n array, with the gas injection pump from (1,1) to (m,1) as the positive x direction, and the gas injection pump from (1,1) to (1,n) as the positive y direction, the sensor measures The flow velocity of is decomposed into two directions of x and y (μ _x , μ _y ) and compared with (μ _∞ ) respectively.

According to the comparison result, all air injection pumps are controlled by PLC.

If both μ _x and μ _y then turn off all air pumps;

If both μ _x and μ _y are positive and ∈μ _∞ , then close the gas injection pump at (m,n), and other gas injection pumps work normally;

If both μ _x and μ _y are negative and ∈μ _∞ , then turn off the gas injection pump at (1,1), and the other gas injection pumps work normally;

If μ _x is positive and ∈μ _∞ , Then turn off the gas injection pumps at (m, 1), (m, 2), ..., (m, n), and the other gas injection pumps work normally;

If μ _x is negative and ∈μ _∞ , Then close the air injection pumps at (1,1), (1,2), ..., (1,n), and the other air injection pumps work normally;

like If μ _y is positive and ∈μ _∞ , the gas injection pumps at (1,n), (2,n), ..., (m,n) are turned off, and other gas injection pumps work normally;

like If μ _y is negative and ∈μ _∞ , the gas injection pumps at (1,1), (2,1), ..., (m,1) are turned off, and other gas injection pumps work normally;

If μ _x is positive and ∈μ _∞ , and μ _y is negative and ∈μ _∞ , turn off the gas injection pump at (m,1), and other gas injection pumps work normally;

If μ _x is negative and ∈μ _∞ , and μ _y is positive and ∈μ _∞ , the gas injection pump at (1,n) is turned off, and other gas injection pumps work normally.

Based on this control method, the artificial upwelling system can automatically adjust the opening and closing of the gas injection pump according to the relevant data of the environment, which reduces energy waste and realizes the regulation of nutrients in the sea area with high efficiency and low energy consumption.

Claims (6)

1. The regulation and control method for the oligotrophic salt sea area by utilizing the artificial upflow system is characterized in that the artificial upflow system comprises an energy supply system, a control system, an air injection system and a user side, and the energy supply system comprises a solar power generation panel, a storage battery, an inverter and a direct current voltage converter; the control system comprises a PLC, a first microcontroller and a second microcontroller; the gas injection system comprises a sensor unit and a gas injection pump which are arranged in an m multiplied by n array, wherein the sensor unit comprises an illumination sensor, a flow velocity meter, a temperature sensor and an electric quantity sensor; one end of the storage battery is connected with the solar power generation panel, the other end of the storage battery is connected with the inverter and the direct-current voltage converter, and the direct-current voltage converter provides direct-current power for the PLC, the sensor unit, the first microcontroller and the second microcontroller; the PLC is respectively connected with the inverter, the first microcontroller and the gas injection pump, the first microcontroller controls the PLC, the PLC controls the switch of the gas injection pump again, and the inverter provides an alternating current power supply for the gas injection pump; the second microcontroller is connected with the sensor unit; the first microcontroller and the second microcontroller are connected with the user terminal through a 4G network; two adjacent gas injection pumps are connected through a rope, and kelp is cultivated on the rope, wherein the number of the kelp is 20-30 plants per meter; the sensor unit comprises an illumination sensor, a flow velocity meter, a temperature sensor and an electric quantity sensor, and the gas injection system is an open gas injection system; the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: obtaining parameters of a manual upflow system and parameters of sea area conditions through a sensor unit, wherein the parameters comprise the residual quantity of a storage battery, and the parameters comprise illumination intensity, temperature and environmental flow rate;

step 2: transmitting the obtained parameters to a second microcontroller, and powering on the gas injection system if the residual electric quantity exceeds a minimum electric quantity threshold value and the light intensity and the temperature exceed a light intensity threshold value and a temperature threshold value, or turning off the gas injection system;

step 3: according to the depth of the kelp under water, calculating to obtain ideal environmental flow velocity mu at the kelp _∞ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the actual ambient flow rate measured by the sensor unit, all the air injection pumps are controlled by a PLC, the air injection pumps from (1, 1) to (m, 1) are taken as positive x directions, the air injection pumps from (1, 1) to (1, n) are taken as positive y directions, and the actual ambient flow rate is decomposed into x and y directions which are mu respectively _x ,μ _y ，

If mu is _x ,μ _y Are allAll the gas filling pumps are turned off;

if mu is _x ,μ _y Are all positive and E mu _∞ Closing the gas injection pump at the position (m, n), and normally operating other gas injection pumps;

if mu is _x ,μ _y Are all negative and E mu _∞ Closing the gas injection pumps at the positions (1, 1), and normally operating other gas injection pumps;

if mu is _x Positive and E mu _∞ ，The gas injection pump at (m, 1), (m, 2), (m, n) is turned off and the other gas injection pumps work normally;

if mu is _x Negative and E mu _∞ ，The gas injection pumps at (1, 1), (1, 2),. And (1, n) are turned off, and the other gas injection pumps work normally;

if it isμ _y Positive and E mu _∞ Turning off the gas injection pumps at (1, n), (2, n), (m, n), and the other gas injection pumps work normally;

if it isμ _y Negative and E mu _∞ Turning off the gas injection pumps at (1, 1), (2, 1),. And (m, 1), and the other gas injection pumps work normally;

if mu is _x Positive and E mu _∞ ，μ _y Negative and E mu _∞ Closing the gas injection pump at the position (m, 1), and normally operating other gas injection pumps;

if mu is _x Negative and E mu _∞ ，μ _y Positive and E mu _∞ And closing the gas injection pump at the position (1, n), and normally operating other gas injection pumps.

2. The method for controlling an oligotrophic salt sea area according to claim 1, wherein the user terminal is a personal computer capable of being networked.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second microcontrollers are raspberry groups.

4. The method for regulating and controlling an oligotrophic salt sea area according to claim 1, wherein the obtained artificial upflow system parameter and sea area condition parameter are obtained by: flow rate (. Mu.) of the current sea area was measured by a flow rate meter _x ,μ _y ) The light intensity I is obtained by using an illumination sensor, and the temperature T of the water body is obtained by using a temperature sensor; the power consumption sensor obtains the remaining power W of the battery.

5. The method for controlling an oligotrophic salt sea area according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 is specifically as follows:

N _growth ＝G _growth ×(1-resp) (1)

G _growth ＝μ _max ×f(I)×f(T)×f(NP) (3)

wherein N is _growth The net growth amount of kelp; g _growth Is determined by illumination, temperature and NP nutritive salt for total growth of kelp; resp is respiration and is mainly regulated and controlled by water temperature T; mu (mu) _max Is the maximum growth rate and is a constant; i _S ,T _opt ,T _x Respectively the optimum illumination, optimum temperature and temperature ecological range of the photosynthesis of the kelp, when T is less than or equal to T _opt At the time T _x ＝T _min When T > T _opt At the time T _x ＝T _max ；

Setting the illumination threshold value of the gas injection system as h ₁ Can be equal to or more than h according to the formula (4) ₁ When I is E I ₁ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Setting the temperature threshold value of the gas injection system as h ₂ From the formulae (1), (2) and (5), f (T) X (1-resp) is equal to or greater than h ₂ When T is E T ₁ ；I ₁ ，T ₁ For ideal light intensity and ideal temperature, when I is E I ₁ And T is E T ₁ And when the gas injection system is powered on.

6. The method for controlling an oligotrophic salt sea area according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the ideal ambient flow rate in step 3 is specifically as follows:

establishing an upflow model, and processing by ANSYS simulation and MATLAB to obtain a plume depth and a flow velocity according to the following empirical formula:

wherein d is ₀ Mu, the depth of the rising current outlet from the water surface ₀ To increase the outlet velocity, d _ave Is the depth of sea tangle under water, mu _∞ Is an ideal ambient flow rate.