CN108286712A - Offal treatment tube furnace based on gear rolling fire bars group - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tube furnace for waste treatment based on a tooth rubbing furnace bar group, which can stir, loosen and disperse garbage. It includes a working floor, a support frame, a thermal reaction tube, and a heating furnace. A fixed beam is fixed inside the thermal reaction tube, and a movable grate group and a fixed grate group are installed on the fixed beam along a horizontal direction. There is a drive device for driving each movable bar to move longitudinally.

Description

Tube Furnace for Waste Treatment Based on Gear Rub Group

technical field

The invention belongs to a pyrolysis incinerator grate, which is a main part of the pyrolysis incineration treatment of solid waste, and in particular relates to a waste treatment tubular furnace based on a tooth rolling grate group.

Background technique

The existing municipal solid waste treatment technologies mainly include incineration, landfill, composting, and waste sorting and recycling. Among the conventional technologies for waste disposal, incineration has the advantages of obvious reduction effect, complete harmlessness, small footprint, utilization of waste heat energy, and less secondary pollution, which meets the strategic requirements of my country's sustainable development.

The most important component of a waste pyrolysis incinerator is the pyrolysis incinerator grate system. The pyrolysis incinerator grate system is mainly responsible for the transportation of garbage in the thermal reaction tube, while improving the mixing and disturbance of garbage and air, and breaking up through the height difference to improve combustion efficiency.

There are many types of incineration grates, especially reciprocating incineration grates. The grate pieces in the form of a reciprocating grate are stacked together in an orderly manner like tiles to form a support for pyrolysis and combustion of waste. The movable grate pieces that can move back and forth are alternately alternated with the fixed grate pieces, and the mutual motion causes the garbage to move back and forth. The garbage layer is strongly and continuously turned and stirred on the reciprocating push grate, so that the garbage layer is repeatedly loosened and rearranged.

At present, Chinese garbage has the characteristics of low calorific value and high moisture content. In order to ensure that the outlet temperature of the incinerator is stable above 850°C, it is necessary to pile up high enough garbage on the grate. Therefore, it is required that the grate piece can fully and fully turn over, stir and loosen the entire garbage material layer, so as to shorten the drying time and improve the combustion efficiency. At the same time, due to the high water content and complex composition of domestic waste in China, it is easy to form lumps and lumps when the waste is dried and burned. Therefore, the grate is also required to reduce the possibility of garbage forming and agglomerating, so that the garbage in the group can fully contact with the primary air, dry fully, and burn completely, so as to improve the heat reduction rate.

After nearly a hundred years of development, although there have been many traditional structural forms of the grate, the grate is neatly arranged in the horizontal direction, and it also moves neatly and parallel during movement. The following problems occur during use:

1. The head of the single-row grate is a neat plane, and the boss or top surface of the single-row grate is also a neat plane. In the natural state, the garbage has the same movement state in the lateral direction of the grate system, and there is no relative movement trend, which increases the possibility of garbage forming and agglomerating.

2. When the grate is moving, the garbage is pushed on a neat plane formed by the head of the single row of grate, so that the garbage in the horizontal direction moves synchronously in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the grate sheet only stirs and loosens the garbage in the longitudinal direction, and has no obvious effect on the garbage in the horizontal direction, and has no obvious effect on the stirring and loosening of the entire garbage material layer.

3. In addition, since the boss or top surface of the single-row grate is flat, when the grate moves, the garbage will not fall further in the horizontal direction, and the grate will not squeeze or disperse the garbage in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the fire grate sheet has no obvious effect on breaking up agglomerated and agglomerated garbage.

4. The primary air holes on the back of two adjacent grate pieces on the same grate plate are circular, arranged neatly along the width direction, and the air outlet direction is neat parallel wind, which reduces the contact area between the primary air and the garbage , increase the drying time, thereby slowing down the waste incineration process; and the primary wind has little disturbance to the flue gas flow field in the furnace.

5. Due to the structure of the existing traditional grate, there are many parts during installation and the connection method is cumbersome. It is difficult to install the grate in the experimental device with small space, so it is more suitable for large-scale industrial urban waste deal with.

Existing waste incinerators such as the following invention patents: serrated reciprocating grate bars (CN201120509663.8), unresolved problems in the grate pieces that can loosen garbage by themselves (CN200720124765.1): the grate form is relatively traditional and broken, The effect of cutting ability is not obvious; there are many parts, which are not easy for workers to install.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a waste treatment tubular furnace based on a gear-rubbing grate group that can stir, loosen and disperse garbage.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:

A tube furnace for waste treatment based on a tooth rolling furnace bar group, comprising a working bottom plate, support frames are arranged at both longitudinal ends of the working bottom plate, a heat reaction tube is arranged between the two support frames, and a heating tube for heating the heat reaction tube is arranged. Heating furnace, the two ends of the thermal reaction tube are supported on the support frame, the heating furnace is fixed on the working base plate, the nozzles at both ends of the thermal reaction tube are sealed by sealing and fixing end caps, the feed of the thermal reaction tube A feed port is provided at the end of the thermal reaction tube, a discharge port is provided at the discharge end of the thermal reaction tube, a waste hopper is installed on the working base plate, the inlet of the waste hopper is located directly below the discharge port, and the thermal reaction tube is fixed There is a fixed crossbeam, and the movable grate group and the fixed grate group are installed on the fixed crossbeam along the transverse direction, and each fixed grate group of the fixed grate group is positioned on the fixed crossbeam by set screws, and the movable grate group The movable furnace bars are alternately arranged between the fixed furnace bars, the driving device for driving the movable furnace bars to move longitudinally is installed on the working base plate, the mounting frame is fixed on the working base plate, and the driving device includes Drive motor, reducer, drive rocker arm, drive swing bar, drive pull rod, the input end of the reducer is connected to the drive motor, the output end of the reducer is circumferentially fixed to one end of the drive rocker arm, the The other end of the drive rocker arm is hinged to one end of the drive swing rod, and the other end of the drive swing rod is hinged to one end of the drive pull rod, and the drive pull rod is gap-fitted with the sealed and fixed end cover at the inlet end of the thermal reaction tube. The other end of the driving rod is located in the heat reaction tube, and a transition rod arranged transversely along the heat reaction tube is fixed, and the transition rod is fixedly connected with each movable furnace bar.

Preferably, the fixed crossbeam is provided with strip-shaped screw holes to cooperate with the corresponding set screws, and the fixed furnace bars are positioned longitudinally and vertically so that the fixed furnace bars can move laterally. An upwardly extending mounting plate is fixed, and a spring pressing device is provided on the mounting plate, which is used to apply a transverse pre-tightening force to the fixed furnace bars. The movable furnace bars of the movable furnace bar group are alternately arranged on each fixed furnace bar between the bars with room to move longitudinally.

Preferably, the spring pressing device includes a mounting column fixed on the mounting plate and extending laterally inward, and the mounting column is sleeved with a compression spring for applying a lateral pre-tightening force to the fixed furnace bar.

Preferably, both the movable furnace bar and the fixed furnace bar are saw-toothed furnace bars, and the saw-toothed furnace bars include a base bar. The upper end of the base bar is provided with several sawtooth structures along the discharge direction, and the left side of the base bar The side surface is located on the same elevation as the left side of the sawtooth structure, the right side of the base strip is located on the same elevation as the right side of the sawtooth structure, and the sawtooth structure includes a high part located in front, located at the high part The inclined part at the rear and the rear end is inclined downward, the front end of the high part is the pushing surface, the middle of the sawtooth structure is higher and the two sides are lower, so that both sides of the high part and the inclined part form side slopes, The middle of the high part and the inclined part forms a cutting edge, and a material collection area is formed between adjacent sawtooth structures, and the edge formed by the intersection of the pushing surface and the left side and right side of the sawtooth structure is a pushing edge, The edge formed by the intersection of the side slope of the inclined part with the left side and the right side of the sawtooth structure is a pulling edge.

Preferably, the cutting edge angle of the high cutting edge is 90°, the cutting edge angle of the bevel cutting edge is 75°, and the pulling edge and the bevel cutting edge are parallel to each other.

Preferably, the lower parts of the slopes on both sides of the slope are provided with vent holes for connecting with the air source, the vent holes are small at the top and large at the bottom, and face the collection area. The cross-section of the vent holes is elliptical or rectangular.

Preferably, the grate is longitudinally divided into a feed section, a heat reaction section and a discharge section, the distribution density of the sawtooth structure in the heat reaction section is greater than that of the feed section and the discharge section, and the heat reaction section The inclination angle of the bevel cutting edge is greater than the inclination angle of the bevel cutting edge of the feeding section and the discharging section.

Preferably, a guide groove is provided on one side of the base bar, and a guide boss is provided on the other side of the base bar to correspond to the guide groove.

Preferably, the middle of the collection area is higher and the two sides are lower, so that the middle of the collection area forms a tooth-shaped slope.

Preferably, the angle of the toothed slope is 90°.

Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention is mainly used for preliminary experimental tests of drying, pyrolysis and incineration of various types of municipal solid waste, and for theoretical and practical research on the following data test experiments before garbage disposal, which is more suitable for teaching experimental research . It can effectively disperse the garbage material layer, promote the change of the garbage height in the incinerator material layer all the time, aggravate the instability of the garbage material layer, facilitate the cutting, breaking up and loosening of the garbage, and realize the separation of the garbage material layer in the incinerator All-round dispersing, cutting, loosening, and stirring improve the drying, pyrolysis, and combustion efficiency of garbage, shorten the time and complete the reaction.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

1. The side slope structure is adopted. When the grate reciprocates, it can effectively stir and loosen the garbage in the horizontal direction. It has the effect of squeezing and breaking up the garbage, and has an obvious effect on breaking up the agglomerated and blocky garbage.

2. The cross-section of the ventilation hole is elliptical or rectangular, and the top is small and the bottom is large, and the arrangement is not neat, and the contact area with the garbage is increased, which reduces the drying time, thereby speeding up the process of garbage incineration; and the flue gas flow in the furnace The field disturbance is large.

3. Simple structure and easy installation.

4. Adjacent furnace bars perform alternate reciprocating motion relative to each other, and have a relative movement tendency, which can stir, loosen and disperse garbage, reducing the possibility of garbage agglomeration and agglomeration.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of sawtooth grate;

Fig. 2 is a top view schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

3 is a schematic diagram of a sawtooth structure;

Fig. 4 is A-A sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the B-B sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is the C-C sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is the D-D sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a local structure at P in Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a local structure at Q in Fig. 1;

Fig. 10 is the structural representation of grate kinematic mechanism;

Fig. 11 is a schematic top view of the kinematic mechanism of the grate;

Fig. 12 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the grate kinematic mechanism;

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a tube furnace for waste treatment based on a tooth rolling furnace bar group;

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal reaction tube discharge end placed obliquely downward;

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of the discharge end of the thermal reaction tube placed upwards;

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of thermal reaction tubes arranged horizontally.

reference sign

In the accompanying drawings, 1 is the feed inlet, 2 is the seal, 3 is the driving rocker arm, 4 is the driving swing rod, 5 is the driving pull rod, 6 is the sealing and fixed end cover, 7 is the transition rod, 8 is the fixed beam, 9 10 is a fixed furnace bar group, 11 is a discharge port, 12 is a movable furnace bar group, 13 is a vent hole, 14 is a spring pressing device, 15 is a cutting edge, 16 is a collection area, and 17 is a Collecting baffle, 18 is the pushing surface, 19 is the side slope, 20 is the pushing edge, 21 is the pulling edge, 22 is the left side, 23 is the right side, 24 is the guide boss, 25 is the guide Groove, 26 is bracing frame, and 27 is working bottom plate, and 28 is waste hopper, and 29 is heating furnace, and 30 is drive motor, and 31 is speed reducer, and 32 is air intake pipe, and 33 is air outlet pipe.

Detailed ways

Referring to Fig. 13-Fig. 16, it is a tube furnace for waste treatment based on a tooth-rolling furnace bar group, which includes a working base plate, a support frame is arranged at both longitudinal ends of the working base plate, and a heat reaction tube and a heat reaction tube are arranged between the two support frames. A heating furnace for heating the thermal reaction tube. The two ends of the thermal reaction tube are supported on the support frame. The thermal reaction tube can be installed in a forward-inclined and reverse-inclined or horizontal structure to change the state of the pushing movement. The heating furnace is fixed on the working base plate, the nozzles at both ends of the thermal reaction tube are sealed by sealing fixed end caps, the feed end of the thermal reaction tube is provided with a feed port, and the discharge end of the thermal reaction tube is provided with At the discharge port, a waste hopper is installed on the working floor, the inlet of the waste hopper is located directly below the discharge port, a fixed beam is fixed inside the thermal reaction tube, and a movable furnace is installed on the fixed beam horizontally. Each fixed furnace bar of the fixed furnace bar group is positioned on the fixed beam through a set screw, and each movable furnace bar of the movable furnace bar group is alternately arranged between the fixed furnace bars. A driving device for driving each movable furnace bar to move longitudinally is installed on the working base plate, and a mounting frame is fixed on the working base plate, and the driving device includes a driving motor, a reducer, a driving rocker arm, a driving swing rod, and a driving pull rod. , the input end of the reducer is connected to the drive motor, the output end of the reducer fixes one end of the drive rocker arm circumferentially, and the other end of the drive rocker arm is hinged to one end of the drive swing rod, so The other end of the driving swing rod is hinged to one end of the driving rod, and the driving rod is gap-fitted with the sealed and fixed end cap at the inlet end of the thermal reaction tube. The other end of the driving rod is located in the thermal reaction tube and fixed along the thermal reaction tube. A transition rod arranged transversely, said transition rod is fixedly connected with each movable furnace bar.

Referring to Fig. 10-Fig. 12, it is the grate movement mechanism arranged in the thermal reaction tube, including fixed beams, movable grate groups, and fixed grate groups. In this embodiment, the fixed beams are provided with bar-shaped screw holes and corresponding With the cooperation of the set screw, the fixed furnace bar is positioned longitudinally and vertically, so that the fixed furnace bar can move horizontally. Both sides of the fixed beam are fixed with upwardly extending mounting plates, and the mounting plate is provided with a spring pressing device for applying a transverse pre-tightening force to the fixed furnace bars. In this embodiment, the spring pressing The device includes a mounting column fixed on the mounting plate and extending transversely inward, and the mounting column is sleeved with a compression spring for applying a transverse pre-tightening force to the fixed furnace bar. Each movable grate of the movable grate group has a space for moving along the longitudinal direction. The two ends of the outermost fixed furnace bars are fixed with aggregate baffle plates for blocking materials.

Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 9, the movable furnace bar and the fixed furnace bar are all serrated furnace bars, and the whole furnace bar is made of 310S stainless steel material. It includes a base bar, the upper end of the base bar is provided with a number of sawtooth structures along the discharge direction, and the furnace bar is divided into a feed section, a thermal reaction section and a discharge section along the longitudinal direction, and the distribution density of the sawtooth structures in the thermal reaction section is The distribution density of the sawtooth structure in the section and the discharge section is twice that of the distribution density. The left side of the base strip is located on the same elevation as the left side of the sawtooth structure, and the right side of the base strip is located on the same elevation as the right side of the sawtooth structure. One side of the base bar is provided with a guide groove, and the other side of the base bar is provided with a guide boss corresponding to the guide groove.

The sawtooth structure includes a high part at the front, an inclined part at the rear of the high part with the rear end sloping downward, and the front end of the high part is a pushing surface for pushing the material forward. The pushing surface is a vertical surface. The sawtooth structure is higher in the middle and lower on both sides, so that both sides of the high part and the inclined part form side slopes. The side slopes mainly make the materials accumulated on the top of the furnace bar slide to the left and right ends to the collection area. Prevents material buildup from standing still on top of the bars. The middle of the high part and the inclined part forms a cutting edge, and the material will pass through the cutting edge when it moves forward, so as to achieve the effect of fully chopping and breaking up the material. A collection area is formed between adjacent sawtooth structures, and the edge formed by the intersection of the pusher surface with the left side and the right side of the sawtooth structure is a pusher edge, and the side bevel of the slope part and the left side of the sawtooth structure The edge formed by the intersection of the side and the right side is the pulling edge. When the grate moves back and forth, the pulling edge will drive a small amount of material to move backward and mix with the new material evenly.

The cutting edge angle of the high part cutting edge is 90°, the cutting edge angle of the inclined part cutting edge is 75°, and the pulling edge and the inclined part cutting edge are parallel to each other. The middle of the collection area is higher and the two sides are lower, so that the middle of the collection area forms a tooth-shaped slope, and the angle of the tooth-shaped slope is 90°. The inclination angle of the bevel cutting edge of the thermal reaction section is greater than the inclination angle of the bevel cutting edge of the feeding section and the discharge section. In this embodiment, the inclination angle of the bevel cutting edge of the thermal reaction section is 30° °, the inclination angle of the bevel cutting edge of the feeding section and the discharging section is 12°.

The lower parts of the slopes on both sides of the slope are provided with air holes for connecting with the air source. The air holes are small at the top and large at the bottom, and face the collection area. The air holes can be tapered oval or rectangular column holes. The gas source can be an external fan. The fan is connected to the vent hole at the lower end of the furnace bar through a pipe, and the gas is passed into the furnace, and the gas is ejected from the vent hole. The gas mainly promotes the full combustion of material waste.

The guide bosses of each furnace bar are inserted into the guide grooves of adjacent furnace bars for clearance fit, so that the movable furnace bars can alternately reciprocate and have space to move along the longitudinal direction. The driving structure of the movable furnace bars can be driven by existing technology. structure, which will not be repeated here. The sawtooth structure of the thermal reaction section agitates, loosens and disperses materials with the following characteristics: small cycle, high frequency, large cutting angle, which can make materials move more frequently (the mixing, crushing and dispersing of materials are better), large cutting The inclination angle makes the effect of cutting, breaking and breaking up better, which is conducive to the full reaction of materials in the thermal reaction section.

The garbage drying and burning experiment treatment method includes: Step 1: Weigh domestic garbage and put it into the feed port of the tube furnace and close the feed port to prevent the free entry and exit of outside air. Step 2: Turn on the furnace and connect the heating furnace, and preheat the thermal reaction tube to 500-600°C. Step 3: Turn on the power of the motor, and send the garbage into the thermal reaction tube for drying and burning through the grate moving mechanism. Step 4: Control the reaction temperature in the first stage, burn (into sufficient oxygen) at 850°C-900°C, control the reaction temperature in the second stage at 850°C-1000°C, keep the reaction constant temperature for more than 2s, reduce the residual amount of dioxin, heat Discretionary rate of 5%.

Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that it can be described in terms of form and Various changes may be made in the details without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A waste treatment tubular furnace based on the tooth rolling furnace bar group, characterized in that: it comprises a working base plate, a support frame is arranged at both longitudinal ends of the described working base plate, a thermal reaction tube is arranged between the two support frames and for The heating furnace for heating the thermal reaction tube, the two ends of the thermal reaction tube are supported on the support frame, the heating furnace is fixed on the working floor, the nozzles at both ends of the thermal reaction tube are sealed by sealing and fixing end caps, and the The feed end of the thermal reaction tube is provided with a feed port, the discharge end of the thermal reaction tube is provided with a discharge port, a waste hopper is installed on the working floor, and the inlet of the waste hopper is located directly below the discharge port. A fixed crossbeam is fixed inside the thermal reaction tube, and a movable grate group and a fixed grate group are installed on the fixed crossbeam along the transverse direction, and each fixed grate group of the fixed grate group is positioned on the fixed crossbeam by a set screw, The movable furnace bars of the movable furnace bar group are alternately arranged between the fixed furnace bars, a driving device for driving each movable furnace bar to move longitudinally is installed on the working base plate, and a mounting frame is fixed on the working base plate , the driving device includes a driving motor, a reducer, a driving rocker arm, a driving swing rod, and a driving pull rod. One end of the arm, the other end of the driving rocker arm is hinged to one end of the driving swing rod, the other end of the driving swing rod is hinged to one end of the driving rod, and the driving rod is gap-fitted with the seal at the inlet end of the thermal reaction tube. The end cover is fixed, the other end of the driving rod is located in the heat reaction tube, and the transition rod arranged transversely along the heat reaction tube is fixed, and the transition rod is fixedly connected with each movable furnace bar. 2. The waste treatment tubular furnace based on the tooth-rolling furnace bar group according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixed crossbeam is provided with a bar-shaped screw hole to cooperate with the corresponding set screw, and the fixed furnace bar Longitudinal positioning and vertical positioning are carried out so that the fixed furnace bar can move horizontally. The two sides of the fixed beam are fixed with upwardly extending mounting plates, and the mounting plate is provided with a spring pressing device for fixing the fixed furnace bar. A transverse preload is applied, and the movable bars of the group of movable bars are alternately arranged between the fixed bars and have a space to move in the longitudinal direction. 3. The tube furnace for waste treatment based on the tooth rolling grate group according to claim 2, characterized in that: the spring pressing device includes a mounting column fixed on the mounting plate and extending inward in the transverse direction, so that A compression spring for applying a transverse pretightening force to the fixed furnace bar is sleeved on the mounting column. 4. The tube furnace for waste treatment based on the racking grate group according to claim 1, characterized in that: the movable grate and the fixed grate are both serrated grates, and the serrated grate includes Base strip, the upper end of the base strip is provided with a number of sawtooth structures along the discharge direction, the left side of the base strip and the left side of the sawtooth structure are located on the same elevation, the right side of the base strip and the sawtooth structure The right side of the right side is located on the same elevation, and the sawtooth structure includes a high part at the front, an inclined part behind the high part and a sloped rear end, the front end of the high part is a pushing surface, and the sawtooth The middle of the structure is higher and the two sides are lower, so that both sides of the high part and the inclined part form side slopes, the middle of the high part and the inclined part forms a cutting edge, and a collection area is formed between adjacent sawtooth structures. The edge formed by the intersection of the pushing surface with the left side and the right side of the sawtooth structure is the pushing edge, and the edge formed by the intersection of the side slope of the inclined part with the left side and the right side of the sawtooth structure is the pulling edge. blade. 5. The waste treatment tubular furnace based on the tooth rolling furnace bar group according to claim 4, characterized in that: the cutting edge angle of the high part cutting edge is 90°, and the cutting edge angle of the inclined part cutting edge The angle is 75°, and the pulling edge and the bevel cutting edge are parallel to each other. 6. The waste treatment tubular furnace based on the racking grate group according to claim 4, characterized in that: the lower part of the slope on both sides of the slope is provided with a ventilation hole for connecting with the gas source, the The air hole is small at the top and large at the bottom, and faces the material collection area. The cross section of the air hole is elliptical or rectangular. 7. The waste treatment tubular furnace based on the tooth rolling furnace bar group according to claim 4, characterized in that: the furnace bar is divided into a feeding section, a thermal reaction section and a discharge section along the longitudinal direction, and the thermal reaction section The distribution density of the sawtooth structure is greater than the distribution density of the sawtooth structure in the feed section and the discharge section, and the inclination angle of the bevel cutting edge in the thermal reaction section is greater than that of the bevel cutting edge in the feed section and the discharge section. 8. The tube furnace for waste treatment based on the tooth rolling furnace bar group according to claim 4, characterized in that: one side of the base bar is provided with a guide groove, and the other side of the base bar is provided with a guide boss Corresponds to the guide groove. 9. The tube furnace for waste treatment based on the tooth rolling furnace bar group according to claim 4, characterized in that: the middle of the collection area is higher and the two sides are lower, so that the middle of the collection area forms a tooth shape inclined plane. 10. The tube furnace for waste treatment based on the tooth rolling furnace bar group according to claim 9, characterized in that: the angle of the tooth-shaped slope is 90°.