CN108284659A - 具有多层中间层的热塑性复合材料管材 - Google Patents
具有多层中间层的热塑性复合材料管材 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108284659A CN108284659A CN201810018661.5A CN201810018661A CN108284659A CN 108284659 A CN108284659 A CN 108284659A CN 201810018661 A CN201810018661 A CN 201810018661A CN 108284659 A CN108284659 A CN 108284659A
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有多层中间层的热塑性复合材料管材。本发明还涉及制造该热塑性复合材料管材的方法以及该热塑性复合材料管材的用途。通过在关键工艺步骤中的相同聚合物的复合材料实现了更好的粘附质量。这样制造的管材尤其适用于石油或天然气开采中的海上应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供了一种柔性的、纤维增强的复合材料管材,其包括内衬(Innenliner,以下也简称“衬里”),一个或多个带材层以及布置在内衬和带材层之间的并且将它们接合的单层或多层的中间层,以及它们的制造方法。内衬的材料、带材层的基体和中间层的聚合物是热塑性的。根据本发明的复合材料管材用于石油和天然气开采,特别是用于石油或天然气的海上开采,用作立管(Riser),用作脐管(Umbilical),用于将从海底开采的油或天然气从钻井输送到立管或用于在陆地上的输送。
背景技术
在现有技术中,在这种应用领域中常常使用所谓的未接合柔性管材。这种管材包括通常呈塑料管形式的内衬,其用于防止输送流体的外溢,以及在该内衬的外侧上的一个或多个铠装层(Armierungsschichten)。所述未接合柔性管材可以包括附加层,例如在内衬的内侧上的一个或多个铠装层,以防止在高外部压力下内衬的坍塌。这种内部铠装通常称为屠体(Karkasse)。另外,可以包括外壳,以便提供阻止液体从外部环境渗入铠装层或进一步进入内部的聚合物或金属功能层的屏障,并且作为应对外部机械应力的保护。
例如在WO 01/61232,US 6 123 114和US 6 085 799中描述了典型的未接合柔性管材;它们还更详细地描述在API Recommended Practice 17B,“Recommended Practicefor Flexible Pipe”,第三版,2002年3月,以及API Specification 17J,“Specificationfor Unbonded Flexible Pipe”,第二版,1999年11月。
在本文中,术语“未接合”是指所述层中的至少两个,包括铠装层和塑料层,没有彼此粘附地接合。在实践中,所述管材包括至少三个铠装层,它们在整个管长度上不直接或间接地(即通过其它层)彼此接合。这使得管材可弯曲和足够柔性,从而可以将其卷起来用于运输目的。
在传统的未接合柔性管材中,一个或多个铠装层通常由螺旋状布置的钢丝、钢型材或钢带组成,其中形成的各层可以相对于管轴具有不同的卷绕角度(抗拉铠装)以及主要在圆周方向上卷绕的压力铠装。在这种未接合柔性管材中,钢构件经受传输介质的腐蚀作用。由于由此产生的材料选择以及复杂的构造,这种管材相对昂贵。特别是在深海中的海上石油开采用的较长立管的情况下,高的固有重量是非常不利的。
一段时间以来,已经有关于热塑性复合材料管材的应用的进展的描述。这些管材具有作为内层的单层或多层内衬(由热塑性材料构成)。在其上牢固接合地或在一些情况下未接合地例如通过卷绕单向纤维增强的带材而施加复合材料层。这种复合材料管材例如描述在WO 95/07428和WO 99/67561中。此外,其制造描述在WO 02/095281,WO 2006/107196,WO 2012/118378,WO 2012/118379和WO 2013/188644中。
在这些复合材料管材的情况下,一个普遍的问题是,在次优材料组合的情况下,在富含纤维的带材层和邻接的表面之间的粘附不足以承受安装和操作中的应力,特别是在海上应用中,例如配件的接合或用夹持装置的安装,以及这种结构所经受的严苛测试条件。这里例如提及在快速气体压缩测试中或者在剧烈弯曲力的作用下的层脱离。因此,在现有技术中优选尝试将相同类型的聚合物用于带材基体和邻接的表面,例如内衬的外表面(参见例如“Thermoplastic Composite Pipe: An Analysis And Testing Of A Novel PipeSystem For Oil & Gas”;由J.L.C.G. de Kanter和J. Leijten在英国爱丁堡举行的2009年ICCM 17会议上的报告)。
在具有单壁衬里的热塑性复合材料管材的情况下,在低温范围(在大约50℃的持续温度)下使用由聚乙烯制成的衬里管材,在高达约80℃的较高温度下使用由例如PA11或PA12的聚酰胺制成的衬里管材。在更高的温度下,使用如聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)或甚至聚醚醚酮(PEEK)的高成本材料。考虑到对化学稳定性、耐老化性和热稳定性的要求,可以在许多情况下使用包含由PA11或PA12构成的基体的复合材料。然而,在不同材料组合的情况下通常出现的问题是如何在带材层和衬里或者带材层和外壳之间实现必要的粘附性。
近来,特别是在未接合柔性管道的情况下,在已经公开的进展中的内衬不再由单壁管材组成,而是由通常具有两层或三层的多层管材组成。这种多层塑料管材已经在机动车用的燃料管领域中已知多年。然而,可用于该目的的挤出装置设计用于具有小直径的管材,即直径远小于50毫米,一般直径为6至12毫米。然而,对于石油和天然气领域的应用,需要明显更大的直径;根据应用,通常的内径为1至10英寸(25.4至254 mm)。但是,可以制造这些直径的装置通常只能用于制造单层管材。将现有的多层系统改造成大的直径或将现有的单层管材系统改造成多层的大型管材需要高的时间和成本消耗,并且有时由于所需的空间而几乎不可能操作。此外,在许多情况下甚至不能实现衬里表面与具有两层或三层衬里的带材基体的所需聚合物组合。
本领域技术人员知道,复合材料可以由两个不同的热塑性层彼此通过材料相容性或通过化学反应形成。当涉及相同的聚合物时,理想情况下存在材料相容性。从多层管材开发和多组分注塑的经验中可知,当将熔体置于熔体上时,例如在共挤出中,可以在升高的温度和停留时间下非常有效地实现化学键合。然而,当凝固的表面首先必须被热熔体开始熔化并且对于化学反应来说只有很少的时间可用时,相同材料组合的良好粘附性更难以实现。即使在相同种类的聚合物的情况下,如此建立的接合也可能具有不足的强度。当两种复合配对物在接合之前在其表面处开始熔化并且然后相互压紧时,出现更好的复合材料。然而,这里化学反应的时间也是短暂的,因此同种聚合物之间的接合通常比必须通过化学反应或通过材料相容性(即通过扩散过程)实现的复合材料具有更好的粘附性。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题在于提供一种用于制造热塑性复合材料管材的方法,其中一方面在衬里和带材基体的材料组合中实现高度的自由度,并且另一方面在关键的层界面上实现非常好的粘附性。
所述问题如下解决:带材和衬里以这样的方式彼此接合,从而产生薄膜,其一个表面包含衬里表面的聚合物A,另一个表面包含带材基体的聚合物B。然后在施加热量的情况下将薄膜与衬里接合,并且在另一个步骤中通过施加热量将薄膜与第一带材层接合。
因此,本发明提供了一种制造热塑性复合材料管材的方法,其包括以下步骤:
a)提供具有在外表面的区域中包含热塑性聚合物A的壁的管状衬里;
b)提供在包含热塑性聚合物B的基体中包含增强纤维的带材(以下也称为“增强带材”),
其中聚合物A和聚合物B不同;
c)在管状衬里上施加薄膜或在步骤d)中制得的由薄膜和由步骤b)中提供的带材构成的复合材料,其中之前、同时或之后熔化衬里的外表面以及薄膜的接触表面,其中薄膜的接触表面的区域由包含至少30重量%,优选至少40重量%,更优选至少50重量%,特别优选至少60重量%和非常特别优选至少70重量%的聚合物A的模塑料组成,和其中薄膜的相对表面的区域由包含至少30重量%,优选至少40重量%,更优选至少50重量%,特别优选至少60重量%和非常特别优选至少70重量%的聚合物B的模塑料组成;
d)在薄膜的外表面上施加在步骤b)中提供的带材,其中之前、同时或之后熔化所施加的薄膜的外表面以及带材的接触表面;
e)任选地在所施加的带材层上牢固接合地(stoffschlüssig)施加另外的在基体中包含增强纤维的带材层;
f)任选地最后施加由聚合物材料构成的外侧覆盖层。
具体实施方式
下面将详细阐述本发明。
管状衬里的内径通常在15至400mm范围内,优选在20至300mm范围内,更优选在25至255mm范围内。其壁厚度通常在2至40mm的范围内,优选在2.5至30mm的范围内,更优选在3至20mm的范围内。衬里可以是单层或多层的。如果其是单层的,则其由包含至少30重量%,优选至少40重量%,更优选至少50重量%,非常特别优选至少60重量%和特别优选至少70重量%,至少80重量%或至少85重量%的聚合物A的模塑料组成,分别基于整个模塑料。如果衬里是多层的,则外层由该模塑料组成;内层可以由针对待输送介质的组分具有例如阻挡作用或化学保护作用的模塑料组成。内层和外层可以通过增粘剂层彼此接合。
聚合物A例如可以是聚烯烃,聚酰胺,聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA),聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯,含氟聚合物,聚苯硫醚(PPS),聚醚砜,聚苯砜(PPSU)或聚亚芳基醚酮如PEEK或PEK。在一个优选的实施方案中,单层衬里的模塑料或多层衬里的外层的模塑料不包含聚合物A以外的其它聚合物。
在步骤b)中提供的带材包含增强纤维。这些可以是例如玻璃纤维,碳纤维,芳族聚酰胺纤维,硼纤维,陶瓷纤维(例如由Al2O3或SiO2构成),玄武岩纤维,碳化硅纤维,聚酰胺纤维,聚酯纤维,液晶聚酯纤维,聚丙烯腈纤维以及由聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚醚酮或聚醚醚酮构成的纤维。纤维的横截面可以是例如圆形,矩形,蛋圆形,椭圆形或茧形。在横截面偏离圆形的纤维(例如扁平玻璃纤维)的情况下,可以在成品部件中实现更高的纤维填充度,并因此实现更高的强度。纤维可以以短纤维或长纤维的形式使用,或优选以连续纤维的形式使用,例如以编织物形式或更优选以单向纤维层的形式使用。
增强纤维在带材中的体积含量通常为10%至85%,优选15%至80%,更优选20%至75%,特别优选25%至70%。
该带材的基体由包含至少30重量%,优选至少40重量%,更优选至少50重量%,非常特别优选至少60重量%和特别优选至少70重量%,至少80重量%或至少85重量%的聚合物B的模塑料组成,分别基于整个模塑料。聚合物B例如可以是聚烯烃,聚酰胺,聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA),聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯,含氟聚合物,聚苯硫醚(PPS),聚醚砜,聚苯砜(PPSU)或聚亚芳基醚酮如PEEK或PEK。聚合物A和聚合物B是不同的。这意味着它们在化学组成方面是不同的;分子量、支化度或末端基团的差异并不重要。
所述带材可以用任何现有技术的方法制造。例如在EP 0 056 703 A1,EP 0 364829 A2,US 4 883 625,WO 2012/149129,WO 2013/188644和WO 2014/140025中详细描述了单向连续纤维增强带材的制造。可能的制造方法是例如熔融施加,用聚合物溶液浸渍和除去溶剂,薄膜浸渍或粉末浸渍。
典型地,所使用的带材具有5至500mm的宽度,优选8至200mm的宽度,而厚度通常在0.1至1mm的范围内,优选在0.1至0.5mm的范围内,并且更优选在0.15到0.35mm的范围内。在此,整个复合材料层,即所有带材层的总和在1至100mm的范围内,优选在5至90mm的范围内,更优选在10至80mm的范围内。对于不同的带材层可以使用不同的带材几何形状。所使用的带材可以具有任何合适的横截面。
例如对于聚合物A和聚合物B所提及的聚合物是本领域技术人员所熟知的,并且可以以多种商业类型商购获得,因此不需要更具体的描述。有用的聚烯烃的实例包括聚丙烯,聚乙烯和交联聚乙烯。合适的聚酰胺例如是PA6,PA66,PA610,PA88,PA8,PA612,PA810,PA108,PA9,PA613,PA614,PA812,PA128,PA1010,PA10,PA814,PA148,PA1012,PA11,PA1014,PA1212和PA12或基于这些聚酰胺之一的聚醚酰胺或聚醚酯酰胺。聚邻苯二甲酰胺例如可以是PA66/6T,PA6/6T,PA6T/MPMDT(MPMD表示2-甲基五亚甲基二胺),PA9T,PA10T,PA11T,PA12T,PA14T,PA6T/6I,PA6T/10T,PA6T/12,PA10T/11,PA10T/12或PA612/6T。合适的含氟聚合物是例如聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF),乙烯-四氟乙烯-共聚物(ETFE),借助于第三组分(例如丙烯、六氟丙烯、氟乙烯或偏二氟乙烯)改性的ETFE(例如EFEP),乙烯-三氟氯乙烯-共聚物(E-CTFE),聚三氟氯乙烯(PCTFE),三氟氯乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚-四氟乙烯-共聚物(CPT),四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏二氟乙烯-共聚物(THV),四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-共聚物(FEP)或四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚-共聚物(PFA)。在此也适用的是基于偏二氟乙烯的共聚物,其包含至多40重量%的其它单体,例如三氟乙烯,三氟氯乙烯,乙烯,丙烯和六氟丙烯。
根据本发明使用的模塑料可以包含除了聚合物A和/或聚合物B之外的任选其它聚合物以及常规的助剂或添加剂。在一个优选的实施方案中,衬里的模塑料除了聚合物A之外不包含其它聚合物。在另一个优选的实施方案中,衬里和增强带材两者的模塑料除了聚合物A和/或聚合物B之外不包含其它聚合物。
在步骤c)中施加的薄膜在第一实施方案中是单层薄膜,和在第二实施方案中是多层薄膜。
在第一实施方案中,薄膜的热塑性组分由包含至少30重量%,优选至少35重量%和更优选至少40重量%的聚合物A以及至少30重量%,优选至少35重量%和更优选至少40重量%的聚合物B的模塑料组成,分别基于整个模塑料。由于聚合物A和B不同,它们通常是彼此不相容的。在这种情况下,模塑料必须包含增容剂(Verträglichkeitsvermittler),或者两种聚合物A和B至少部分通过化学反应相互连接。
具有增容剂的模塑料的实例是包含至少30重量%的聚酰胺(如PA11或PA12),至少30重量%的含氟聚合物(如PVDF)以及有效量的丙烯酸酯共聚物的模塑料。例如在EP 0 673762 A2中公开了合适的丙烯酸酯共聚物。例如,可以在模塑料中包含0.1至10重量%的丙烯酸酯共聚物;在模塑料的制造中,将含氟聚合物和丙烯酸酯共聚物在熔体中预混合是合适的。
具有化学连接的模塑料的实例是包含至少30重量%的聚酰胺(如PA11或PA12)和至少30重量%的半芳族聚酰胺或聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)(如PA6T/6,PA6T/66, PA6T/6I,PA6T/10T或PA6T/12)的模塑料。在熔体混合的情况下,由于高温在此发生转酰胺化反应,从而产生具有PA11或PA12嵌段和PPA嵌段的嵌段共聚物。这些起到所述两种组分之间的增容剂的作用。
在第二实施方案中,最简单情况下的多层薄膜由两层组成。优选地,它由三层组成。它也可以由四层、五层或更多层组成。层数的上限受限于实践中不可能挤出无限薄的层。由于实用性的原因,上限因此是9个层和优选7个层。
双层薄膜的实例是:
- 朝向衬里的层由包含50重量%至80重量%的聚合物A和20重量%至50重量%的聚合物B的模塑料构成,以及朝向带材的层由包含50重量%至80重量%的聚合物B和20重量%至50重量%的聚合物A的模塑料构成。这两种模塑料适当地还包含0.1重量%至10重量%的增容剂。这里的百分比数据如下面的实施例中所述是基于整个模塑料。
- 在具有外侧PVDF表面的衬里的情况下,朝向衬里的薄膜层由包含至少30重量%的PVDF和2.5重量%至50重量%的在EP 0 673 762 A2中公开的丙烯酸酯共聚物的模塑料组成;朝向带材的层的至少50重量%由与带材基体相同的聚酰胺组成,例如PA11或PA12。
- 在具有外侧PPA表面的衬里的情况下,朝向衬里的薄膜层由包含至少40重量%的相同PPA的模塑料组成;朝向带材的层的至少50重量%由与带材基体相同的聚酰胺组成,例如PA11或PA12。两种模塑料另外可以包含0.1重量%至25重量%的含酸酐基团的聚烯烃抗冲改性剂。
- 在具有外侧PPS表面的衬里的情况下,朝向衬里的薄膜层由包含至少50重量%的PPS以及3重量%至30重量%的含酸酐基团的聚烯烃抗冲改性剂(其也可以含有丙烯酸酯单元)(商品名,例如LOTADER®)的模塑料组成;朝向带材的层的至少50重量%由与带材基体相同的聚酰胺组成,例如PA11或PA12。
- 在具有外侧PA11或PA12表面的衬里的情况下,朝向衬里的薄膜层由包含至少40重量%的相同聚酰胺以及30重量%至60重量%的含有酸酐基团的聚丙烯或聚乙烯的模塑料组成;朝向带材的层的至少50重量%由与带材基体相同的聚丙烯或聚乙烯组成。
- 在具有外侧PEEK表面的衬里的情况下,朝向衬里的薄膜层由包含至少30重量%的PEEK和至少20重量%至70重量%的聚酰亚胺或聚醚酰亚胺的模塑料组成;朝向带材的层的至少50重量%由与带材基体相同的PPA组成,其中该层的PPA优选包含过量的氨基端基以提高粘附性。带材基体的PPA可以由于其端基含量而不同。
三层薄膜的实例是:
- 朝向衬里的层由包含至少40重量%的聚合物A的模塑料构成。随后是由包含至少30重量%的聚合物A、至少30重量%的聚合物B和任选的0.1至20重量%的增容剂的模塑料构成的增粘剂层。朝向带材的层包含至少40重量%的聚合物B。
- 在具有外侧PVDF表面的衬里的情况下,朝向衬里的薄膜层由包含至少30重量%和优选至少50重量%的PVDF的模塑料组成。随后是由根据EP 0 673 762 A2的丙烯酸酯共聚物或由根据EP 0 618 390 A1的聚酰胺/丙烯酸酯共聚物混合物构成的增粘剂层。朝向带材的层的至少50重量%由与带材基体相同的聚酰胺组成,正如增粘剂层的聚酰胺;这些实例是PA11或PA12。
- 在具有外侧PPA表面的衬里的情况下,朝向衬里的薄膜层由包含至少40重量%的相同PPA的模塑料组成。随后是由包含至少30重量%的该PPA和至少30重量%的与之待接合的聚酰胺的模塑料构成的增粘剂层。朝向带材的层的至少50重量%由与带材基体相同的聚酰胺组成,例如PA11或PA12。
- 在具有外侧PPS表面的衬里的情况下,朝向衬里的薄膜层由包含至少50重量%的PPS的模塑料组成。随后是由包含至少50重量%的PPS以及3重量%至30重量%的含酸酐基团的聚烯烃抗冲改性剂(其也可以含有丙烯酸酯单元)(商品名,例如LOTADER®)的模塑料构成的增粘剂层。朝向带材的层的至少50重量%由与带材基体相同的聚酰胺组成,例如PA11或PA12。
- 在具有外侧PA11或PA12表面的衬里的情况下,朝向衬里的薄膜层由包含至少40重量%的相同聚酰胺的模塑料组成。随后是由酸酐官能化的聚乙烯(如果带材基体基于聚乙烯)或酸酐官能化的聚丙烯(如果带材基体基于聚丙烯)构成的增粘剂层。朝向带材的层的至少50重量%由与带材基体相同的聚乙烯或聚丙烯组成。
- 在具有外侧PEEK表面的衬里的情况下,朝向衬里的薄膜层由包含至少40重量%的PEEK的模塑料组成。随后是由包含至少50重量%的聚酰亚胺或聚醚酰亚胺的模塑料构成的增粘剂层。朝向带材的层的至少50重量%由与带材基体相同的PPA组成,其中该层的PPA优选含有过量的氨基端基以改善粘附性。带材基体的PPA可以由于其端基含量而不同。
这些实施例中的重量百分数数据仅仅是示例性的;它们可以根据权利要求书和说明书中给出的一般性数据而改变。以已知方式通过挤出制造单层薄膜,并且以同样已知方式通过共挤出、挤出涂覆或层压来制造多层薄膜。
待施加的薄膜通常是带材的形式。薄膜带材以螺旋形式围绕着衬里卷绕,其中角度取决于带材宽度和衬里直径。重要的是基本上无缝地和优选实际上完全无缝地覆盖衬里的外表面;原则上,卷绕角度是不重要的,只要该薄膜层可以无褶皱卷绕即可。有利的是,薄膜被卷绕成既没有重叠也没有间隙。然而,轻微的重叠或间隙可能是可以容忍的。卷绕在由卷绕张力或压制装置产生的压制压力下进行。为了增加薄膜的拉伸强度和因此防止在卷绕过程中软化薄膜的撕裂,一个或多个薄膜层可含有单向增强纤维。然而,为了不使相邻层的粘附性恶化,在此不宜选择太高的纤维含量。通常,3体积%至20体积%的纤维含量是足够的。其中的一个特定实施方案是由三层或更多层构成的薄膜,其中中间层(在三层薄膜的情况下)或至少一个中间层(在由多于三层构成的薄膜的情况下)包含单向增强纤维。在这种情况下,纤维含量可以例如在3体积%至40体积%的范围内。单向增强纤维通常沿薄膜带材的轴向取向。包括纤维增强层的这种多层薄膜可以例如通过层压各个层,通过将未增强层挤出到增强层上或者通过将模塑料挤出到扩展纤维层上来制造。
在一个可行的实施方案中,所提供的薄膜直接与第一带材层的带材面对面接合;在这种情况下,带材和富含聚合物B的薄膜侧彼此焊接。在该实施方案中,预先进行(vorwegnehmen)步骤d)。该实施方案的一个优点是所需的卷绕张力不会导致薄膜撕裂,因为它通过带材加强。这种复合材料可以例如通过层压带材和薄膜来制造。
重要的是在衬里和薄膜的焊接过程中,两个接触面都被熔化。在一个实施方案中,两个接触面例如通过红外辐射,热空气,热气,激光辐射,微波辐射或直接通过接触加热而开始熔化。然后例如借助卷绕张力或借助于按压体(例如辊子或颚板)将开始熔化的接触面相互挤压。然后应保持压制压力,直到熔化区域凝固。在另一个实施方案中,卷绕薄膜和然后从外部间接或者直接通过可加热的按压体熔化。必须调节加热功率,使得衬里的外表面也在这里开始熔化。之后,保持压制压力,直到熔化区域凝固。如WO 2012/118379中所述,该方法可以借助卷绕站和下游的固化站来进行。
薄膜的厚度必须足以吸收卷绕力。另一方面,薄膜必须有足够的弯曲性。该薄膜通常具有0.1至3mm的厚度,优选0.3至2mm,更优选0.5至1.2mm。
在步骤d)中,通过施加压制压力将带材施加到由此获得的结构上。与薄膜的情况一样,通过卷绕张力或通过按压体可以实现必要的压制压力。在此,在一个实施方案中,两个接触面例如通过红外辐射,热空气,热气,激光辐射,微波辐射或直接通过接触加热而开始熔化。然后将开始熔化的接触面相互挤压。然后应保持压制压力,直到熔化区域凝固。在另一个实施方式中,卷绕带材和然后从外部间接或者直接通过可加热的按压体熔化。必须调节加热功率,使得预先施加的薄膜的外表面在此开始熔化。之后,保持压制压力,直到熔化区域凝固。步骤e)中的带材卷绕和任选另外的带材层的卷绕是现有技术;因此没有必要对该程序进行确切的描述。具体细节可以参考在说明书的引言部分中引用的现有技术。
在一个优选的实施方案中,在步骤e)中任选卷绕的另外的带材层具有由包含至少30重量%,优选至少40重量%,更优选至少50重量%,非常特别优选至少60重量%和特别优选至少70重量%,至少80重量%或至少85重量%的聚合物B的模塑料构成的基体,分别基于整个模塑料。在另一个实施方案中,它们具有由基于另一种聚合物的模塑料构成的基体,只要可以确保与先前的带材层的牢固接合。例如,可以通过具有适当结构的单层-或多层薄膜以与上述相同的方式产生粘附性。在这些另外的带材层的情况下,在带材中的增强纤维的体积比例通常为10%至85%,优选15%至80%,更优选20%至75%和特别优选25%至70%,其中纤维优选为单向纤维层的形式。
为了保护外侧带材层,可以任选最后施加由聚合物材料构成的外侧覆盖层。这是热塑性模塑料或者热塑性或可交联或交联的弹性体。该覆盖层优选牢固地粘附到外侧带材层上。为此目的,选择覆盖层的材料是有利的,使得其包含至少30重量%的与外侧带材层的基体中相同的聚合物或与之相容的聚合物。在这种情况下,例如可以通过十字头挤出模头来施加覆盖层,并且因此可以与带材层牢固地接合。然而,如果覆盖层基于与外侧带材层的材料不相容的聚合物,则可以通过具有适当结构的单层-或多层薄膜以与上述相同的方式产生粘附性。所述粘附性也可以通过可交联弹性体的交联而产生。
本发明还提供了可以使用根据本发明的方法制造的热塑性复合材料管材。它从内向外包括以下组分:
a)具有在外表面的区域中包含热塑性聚合物A的壁的管状衬里;
b)与所述衬里直接且牢固接合的中间层,其中与衬里接合的接触面区域由包含至少30重量%,优选至少40重量%,更优选至少50重量%,特别优选至少60重量%和非常特别优选至少70重量%的聚合物A的模塑料组成,和其中相对的与接下来的带材层接合的接触面区域由包含至少30重量%,优选至少40重量%,更优选至少50重量%,特别优选至少60重量%和非常特别优选至少70重量%的热塑性聚合物B的模塑料组成;
c)与中间层直接且牢固接合的带材层,其在包含聚合物B的基体中包含增强纤维,
d)任选的一个或多个另外的带材层,其在基体中包含增强纤维和分别与先前的带材层牢固接合;
e)任选的由聚合物材料构成的外侧覆盖层,
其中聚合物A和聚合物B不同。
所述热塑性复合材料管材的具体实施方案可以参见关于制造方法的上述说明。
在根据本发明的方法中,通过在关键工艺步骤中的相同聚合物的复合材料实现了更好的粘附质量。此外,可以使用单层衬里管材。因此,现有的大型管材挤出设备可以继续使用而不需要改造。
根据本发明的管材特别适用于石油或天然气开采中的海上应用,例如用于将产品输送到平台,用于连接到钢管,作为输送管和特别是例如作为脐管,作为立管,作为跨接线(Jumper Line),作为出油管(Flowline),作为干预线(Intervention Line),作为下游管线(Downline),作为注射管(Injektionsleitung)或作为压力管(Druckleitung)。本发明同样提供了用于输送任选加压的烃类或其混合物如原油,裂解气(Rohgas),三相(Triphase,即油-气-水混合物),加工过的油(Processed oil,已经在海底部分处理过),加工过的气体(Processed Gas),汽油或柴油,注入介质如水(例如用于保持在洞穴中的压力),油田化学品,甲醇或CO2以及用于传导液压油(例如用于海底的致动器)的用途。此外,根据本发明的管材还适合作为陆上领域或其它工业应用中的压力导管,特别是那些必须在管材和连接元件之间加强连接地(kraftschlüssig)在管材的轴向方向上传递相对高的力的情况下。
Claims (13)
1.制造热塑性复合材料管材的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)提供具有在外表面的区域中包含热塑性聚合物A的壁的管状衬里;
b)提供在包含热塑性聚合物B的基体中包含增强纤维的带材,其中聚合物A和聚合物B不同;
c)在管状衬里上施加薄膜或在步骤d)中制得的由薄膜和由步骤b)中提供的带材构成的复合材料,其中之前、同时或之后熔化衬里的外表面以及薄膜的接触表面,
d)在薄膜的外表面上施加在步骤b)中提供的带材,其中之前、同时或之后熔化所施加的薄膜的外表面以及带材的接触表面,
其特征在于:
与衬里接触的薄膜的表面由包含至少30重量%的聚合物A的模塑料组成,和薄膜的相对表面由包含至少30重量%的聚合物B的模塑料组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于:
在步骤a)中提供的薄膜和在步骤b)中提供的带材在步骤c)之前面对面地彼此接合,使得所述带材和富含聚合物B的薄膜侧彼此焊接。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于:
在由所施加的带材构成的层上牢固接合地施加一个或多个另外的在基体中包含增强纤维的带材层。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于:
最后施加由聚合物材料构成的外侧覆盖层。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于:
所述薄膜由两个、三个或更多个彼此牢固接合的层组成。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于:
所述薄膜的至少一个层包含单向的增强纤维。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于:
所述衬里的聚合物A选自聚烯烃,聚酰胺,聚邻苯二甲酰胺,聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯,含氟聚合物,聚苯硫醚,聚醚砜,聚苯砜和聚亚芳基醚酮。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于:
所述带材的聚合物B选自聚烯烃,聚酰胺,聚邻苯二甲酰胺,聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯,含氟聚合物,聚苯硫醚,聚醚砜,聚苯砜和聚亚芳基醚酮。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于:
所述带材的纤维增强以单向纤维层的形式存在。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于:
所述带材的纤维含量为10体积%至85体积%。
11.热塑性复合材料管材,其包含以下组分:
a)具有在外表面的区域中包含热塑性聚合物A的壁的管状衬里;
b)与所述衬里直接且牢固接合的中间层,其中与衬里接合的接触面区域由包含至少30重量%的聚合物A的模塑料组成,和其中相对的与接下来的带材层接合的接触面区域由包含至少30重量%的热塑性聚合物B的模塑料组成;
c)与中间层直接且牢固接合的带材层,其在包含聚合物B的基体中包含增强纤维,
d)任选的一个或多个另外的带材层,其在基体中包含增强纤维和分别与先前的带材层牢固接合;
e)任选的由聚合物材料构成的外侧覆盖层,
其中聚合物A和聚合物B不同。
12.根据权利要求11所述的热塑性复合材料管材,
其特征在于:
它是脐管,立管,跨接线,出油管,干预线,下游管线,注射管或压力管。
13.根据权利要求11和12中任一项所述的热塑性复合材料管材的用途,用于运输原油,裂解气,三相,加工过的油,加工过的气体,汽油,柴油或注射介质,或用于传导液压油。
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| ES2735777T3 (es) * | 2017-01-10 | 2019-12-20 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Tubo compuesto termoplástico con capa intermedia de múltiples capas |
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2017
- 2017-01-10 ES ES17150841T patent/ES2735777T3/es active Active
- 2017-01-10 EP EP17150841.9A patent/EP3345750B1/de active Active
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2018
- 2018-01-08 CA CA2991387A patent/CA2991387A1/en active Pending
- 2018-01-09 RU RU2018100014A patent/RU2714587C2/ru active
- 2018-01-09 US US15/866,166 patent/US11149879B2/en active Active
- 2018-01-09 CN CN201810018661.5A patent/CN108284659B/zh active Active
- 2018-01-09 JP JP2018001361A patent/JP2018111310A/ja active Pending
- 2018-01-09 MY MYPI2018700110A patent/MY185786A/en unknown
- 2018-01-10 AR ARP180100061A patent/AR110889A1/es active IP Right Grant
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2021
- 2021-09-16 US US17/476,907 patent/US11982396B2/en active Active
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- 2022-05-24 JP JP2022084780A patent/JP2022118001A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995007428A1 (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1995-03-16 | Neste Oy | Thermoplastic composite pipe |
| CN1121569A (zh) * | 1994-05-31 | 1996-05-01 | 哈特奇桑公司 | 输送燃料的管道 |
| CN1212041A (zh) * | 1996-02-20 | 1999-03-24 | 株式会社明治橡胶化成 | 用于输送制冷剂的软管 |
| CN104421537A (zh) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-03-18 | 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 | 一种热塑性缠绕压力管道及其制备方法 |
| CN105061882A (zh) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-11-18 | 北京科慧通智慧科技有限公司 | 一种阻燃橡胶管及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2018111310A (ja) | 2018-07-19 |
| AR110889A1 (es) | 2019-05-15 |
| JP2022118001A (ja) | 2022-08-12 |
| US11149879B2 (en) | 2021-10-19 |
| ES2735777T3 (es) | 2019-12-20 |
| RU2018100014A (ru) | 2019-07-09 |
| US20220003338A1 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
| CN108284659B (zh) | 2020-04-07 |
| US11982396B2 (en) | 2024-05-14 |
| EP3345750B1 (de) | 2019-05-22 |
| US20180195646A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
| CA2991387A1 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
| MY185786A (en) | 2021-06-08 |
| RU2714587C2 (ru) | 2020-02-18 |
| RU2018100014A3 (zh) | 2020-01-22 |
| EP3345750A1 (de) | 2018-07-11 |
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