CN108261852A - Small rural waste incinerator and its flue gas purification system - Google Patents
Small rural waste incinerator and its flue gas purification system Download PDFInfo
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 214
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009768 microwave sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0036—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D53/70—Organic halogen compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
- B01D2258/0291—Flue gases from waste incineration plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
- B01D2259/40088—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating
- B01D2259/40094—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating by applying microwaves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于垃圾焚烧烟气处理技术领域，具体涉及小型农村垃圾焚烧炉及其烟气净化系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage incineration flue gas treatment, and in particular relates to a small-scale rural garbage incinerator and a flue gas purification system thereof.
背景技术Background technique
农村生活垃圾的产生量迅速提高，其中的有害废物和工业废物组分在逐渐增多，已不能再作为农用肥料，大部分农村垃圾没有得到有效的集中处理，未经处理或处理不善的垃圾会造成严重污染。焚烧垃圾是我国目前较常用的垃圾处理方法，它能实现垃圾的无害化、减量化、资源化处理。但直接焚烧会产生大量含有二恶英的有害烟气，造成二次污染，传统的堆积简单焚烧处理不能满足严格的环保标准，需要选择合适的处理技术来处理农村生活垃圾。The generation of domestic garbage in rural areas is increasing rapidly, and the hazardous waste and industrial waste components are gradually increasing, which can no longer be used as agricultural fertilizers. Most rural garbage has not been effectively treated centrally, and untreated or poorly treated garbage will cause heavily polluted. Garbage incineration is a more commonly used garbage disposal method in my country at present. It can realize the harmless, reduced, and resourceful treatment of garbage. However, direct incineration will produce a large amount of harmful flue gas containing dioxins, causing secondary pollution. The traditional simple incineration of accumulation cannot meet strict environmental protection standards, and it is necessary to select appropriate treatment technologies to deal with rural domestic waste.
现有的垃圾焚烧烟气处理设备处理工艺复杂，这类型的设备通常包括多级的脱硫设备、除尘设备、除锈设备等，设备体积庞大，需要占用较大的面积进行安装。在农村地区，由于地理位置的限制，设置大型的系统烟气处理设备较困难，制约了生活垃圾焚烧烟气的治理。传统小型垃圾焚烧炉炉膛出口温度较低，难以保证烟气中CH4、CO等可燃气体燃尽，造成大量“黑烟”。同时，传统小型垃圾焚烧炉温度通常在850℃以下，产生含有大量二恶英的有害烟气，如果提高炉膛温度，需要使用大量辅助燃料，造成垃圾处理成本高。在传统小型焚烧炉尾部烟气中二恶英处理方式中，部分焚烧炉采用活性炭颗粒吸附，大量活性炭一次性使用，导致严重浪费。因此，小型垃圾焚烧炉需要开发一种防止二恶英再次合成及去除烟气中的二恶英等有毒有害气体的方法。Existing waste incineration flue gas treatment equipment has complicated processing technology. This type of equipment usually includes multi-stage desulfurization equipment, dust removal equipment, rust removal equipment, etc. The equipment is bulky and needs to occupy a large area for installation. In rural areas, due to geographical constraints, it is difficult to set up large-scale system flue gas treatment equipment, which restricts the treatment of flue gas from domestic waste incineration. The furnace outlet temperature of traditional small waste incinerators is low, and it is difficult to ensure that combustible gases such as CH4 and CO in the flue gas are burned out, resulting in a large amount of "black smoke". At the same time, the temperature of traditional small-scale waste incinerators is usually below 850°C, which produces harmful flue gas containing a large amount of dioxins. If the furnace temperature is increased, a large amount of auxiliary fuel needs to be used, resulting in high waste disposal costs. In the traditional treatment of dioxins in flue gas at the tail of small incinerators, some incinerators use activated carbon particles for adsorption, and a large amount of activated carbon is used at one time, resulting in serious waste. Therefore, small-scale waste incinerators need to develop a method to prevent dioxins from being synthesized again and to remove toxic and harmful gases such as dioxins in flue gas.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供小型农村垃圾焚烧炉及其烟气净化系统。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a small-scale rural garbage incinerator and a flue gas purification system thereof.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
小型农村垃圾焚烧炉及其烟气净化系统，包括垃圾焚烧炉、余热回收装置、布袋除尘器、第一活性炭吸附装置、第二活性炭吸附装置、脱硫塔、引风机和烟囱，Small rural waste incinerator and its flue gas purification system, including waste incinerator, waste heat recovery device, bag filter, first activated carbon adsorption device, second activated carbon adsorption device, desulfurization tower, induced draft fan and chimney,
其中垃圾焚烧炉的燃烧室连通一次风风道和二次风风道，垃圾焚烧炉的上方设置余热回收装置，经过余热回收装置处理后的烟气通过烟气通道连接布袋除尘器的烟气入口，布袋除尘器的烟气出口连接第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置，所述第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置为并联连接，在第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置内盛装有活性炭，在第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置上分别设置微波发射装置，在第一活性炭吸附装置的烟气入口处和烟气出口处分别设置第一入口控制阀和第一出口控制阀，在第二活性炭吸附装置的烟气入口处和烟气出口处分别设置第二入口控制阀和第二出口控制阀，第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置的烟气下游设置脱硫塔，脱硫塔通过引风机连接烟囱。The combustion chamber of the waste incinerator is connected to the primary air duct and the secondary air duct, and a waste heat recovery device is installed above the waste incinerator, and the flue gas processed by the waste heat recovery device is connected to the flue gas inlet of the bag filter through the flue gas channel , the flue gas outlet of the bag filter is connected to the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device, the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device are connected in parallel, and the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device Activated carbon is contained in the interior, microwave emission devices are respectively installed on the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device, and the first inlet control valve and the first Outlet control valve, the second inlet control valve and the second outlet control valve are respectively arranged at the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet of the second activated carbon adsorption device, and the flue gas downstream of the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device is arranged Desulfurization tower, the desulfurization tower is connected to the chimney through the induced draft fan.
在上述技术方案中，所述垃圾焚烧炉燃烧室的内壁采用耐火材料浇铸。In the above technical solution, the inner wall of the combustion chamber of the garbage incinerator is cast with refractory material.
在上述技术方案中，所述一次风风道设置于垃圾焚烧炉燃烧室的底部，二次风风道设置于一次风风道的垂直上方。In the above technical solution, the primary air duct is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber of the garbage incinerator, and the secondary air duct is arranged vertically above the primary air duct.
在上述技术方案中，所述垃圾焚烧炉燃烧室的预热二次风温度为250-350℃。In the above technical solution, the temperature of the preheated secondary air in the combustion chamber of the waste incinerator is 250-350°C.
在上述技术方案中，所述焚烧炉烟气出口烟气温度为850℃以上。In the above technical solution, the flue gas temperature at the flue gas outlet of the incinerator is above 850°C.
在上述技术方案中，所述余热回收装置包括补水箱、热管换热器、循环水泵、换热水箱及循环水路；补水箱采用浮球阀控制水位，热管换热器将烟气温度降至150～180℃，循环水泵设置在热管换热器的出水口。In the above technical solution, the waste heat recovery device includes a water supply tank, a heat pipe heat exchanger, a circulating water pump, a heat exchange tank and a circulating water circuit; the water supply tank uses a float valve to control the water level, and the heat pipe heat exchanger reduces the temperature of the flue gas to 150- 180°C, the circulating water pump is set at the water outlet of the heat pipe heat exchanger.
在上述技术方案中，所述微波发射装置分别设置于第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置反应炉的炉体两侧。In the above technical solution, the microwave emitting devices are respectively arranged on both sides of the furnace body of the reaction furnace of the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device.
在上述技术方案中，所述第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置反应炉的炉体上设置活性炭更换口。In the above technical solution, an activated carbon replacement port is provided on the furnace body of the reaction furnace of the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device.
在上述技术方案中，所述布袋除尘器包括挡板、6个独立的仓室、压缩空气控制脉冲系统和设置于仓室底部的灰尘料斗；挡板将布袋除尘器分为6个独立的仓室，压缩空气脉冲直接冲扫6个布袋，仓室底部的灰尘料斗收集布袋除尘器布袋上落下的灰尘。In the above technical solution, the bag filter includes a baffle, 6 independent chambers, a compressed air control pulse system and a dust hopper arranged at the bottom of the chamber; the baffle divides the bag filter into 6 independent chambers In the chamber, the compressed air pulses directly flush the 6 cloth bags, and the dust hopper at the bottom of the chamber collects the dust falling on the cloth bags of the bag filter.
在上述技术方案中，所述脱硫塔内设置旋转喷雾器。In the above technical solution, a rotary atomizer is arranged in the desulfurization tower.
小型农村垃圾焚烧炉及其烟气净化系统的运行过程，如下所述：The operation process of the small rural waste incinerator and its flue gas purification system is as follows:
垃圾燃料在农村小型垃圾焚烧炉中焚烧后产生850℃以上的烟气，首先经过热管换热器换热降至150～180℃，换热后的烟气经布袋除尘器，将烟气中的飞灰分离，再经过活性炭吸附切换装置(第一活性炭吸附装置、第二活性炭吸附装置)去除烟气中的二恶英，最后经过脱硫塔进行脱硫、脱酸，烟气安全排放；其中第一活性炭吸附装置、第二活性炭吸附装置上设置微波发射装置，通过设置于烟气入口和出口的阀门控制，可进行烟气处理和活性炭微波回收两种工作状态的切换。Garbage fuel is incinerated in a small rural garbage incinerator to produce flue gas above 850°C. First, it passes through a heat pipe heat exchanger to reduce heat to 150-180°C. After heat exchange, the flue gas passes through a bag filter to remove the flue gas. The fly ash is separated, and then the dioxin in the flue gas is removed through the activated carbon adsorption switching device (the first activated carbon adsorption device, the second activated carbon adsorption device), and finally the desulfurization and deacidification are carried out through the desulfurization tower, and the flue gas is safely discharged; the first The activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device are equipped with microwave emission devices, and controlled by the valves installed at the inlet and outlet of the flue gas, the two working states of flue gas treatment and activated carbon microwave recovery can be switched.
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是：The advantages and positive effects that the present invention has are:
1、本发明整体装置结构紧凑，占地面积小，可解决农村地区由于地理位置的限制，设置大型的系统烟气处理设备较困难的问题。1. The overall device of the present invention has a compact structure and a small footprint, which can solve the problem that it is difficult to install large-scale system flue gas treatment equipment in rural areas due to geographical restrictions.
2、采用二次风预热，加强炉内的空气与不完全燃烧物质充分反应，降低垃圾燃料的化学不完全燃烧热损失，解决了传统小型焚烧炉中的“黑烟”问题，二次风的投入可延长烟气停留时间,，在一定程度上起到减少二恶英排放的作用。2. The secondary air is used for preheating to enhance the full reaction between the air in the furnace and the incomplete combustion substances, reduce the heat loss of chemical incomplete combustion of waste fuel, and solve the problem of "black smoke" in traditional small incinerators. The secondary air The investment can prolong the residence time of flue gas, and play a role in reducing dioxin emissions to a certain extent.
3、活性炭吸附装置采用微波发射装置再生活性炭，活性炭可再生循环使用，解决了传统小型垃圾焚烧炉尾部烟气处理采用活性炭颗粒吸附二恶英的过程中，大量活性炭一次性使用，严重浪费的问题。烟气经烟气净化系统有效去除二恶英等有害物，安全排放。3. The activated carbon adsorption device adopts a microwave emission device to regenerate activated carbon, which can be recycled and recycled, which solves the problem of a large amount of activated carbon being used at one time and serious waste in the process of using activated carbon particles to adsorb dioxins in the tail flue gas treatment of traditional small waste incinerators . The flue gas passes through the flue gas purification system to effectively remove harmful substances such as dioxins and discharge them safely.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明整体连接结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall connection structure of the present invention.
图2是垃圾焚烧炉结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the garbage incinerator.
图3是布袋除尘器结构示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bag filter.
图4为活性炭吸附装置结构示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the activated carbon adsorption device.
其中：in:
1为垃圾焚烧炉，1-1为燃烧室，1-2为一次风风道，1-3为二次风风道，1-4为余热回收装置，2为布袋除尘器，2-1为烟气出口，2-2为烟气入口，2-3为布袋，2-4为灰尘料斗，3为第一活性炭吸附装置，3-1为第一入口控制阀，3-2为第一出口控制阀，3-3为反应炉，3-4微波发射装置，3-5为活性炭更换口，4为第二活性炭吸附装置，4-1为第二入口控制阀，4-2为第二出口控制阀，5为脱硫塔，6为引风机，7为烟囱。1 is the garbage incinerator, 1-1 is the combustion chamber, 1-2 is the primary air duct, 1-3 is the secondary air duct, 1-4 is the waste heat recovery device, 2 is the bag filter, 2-1 is the The flue gas outlet, 2-2 is the flue gas inlet, 2-3 is the cloth bag, 2-4 is the dust hopper, 3 is the first activated carbon adsorption device, 3-1 is the first inlet control valve, 3-2 is the first outlet Control valve, 3-3 is the reaction furnace, 3-4 microwave emission device, 3-5 is the activated carbon replacement port, 4 is the second activated carbon adsorption device, 4-1 is the second inlet control valve, 4-2 is the second outlet Control valve, 5 is a desulfurization tower, 6 is an induced draft fan, and 7 is a chimney.
对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，可以根据以上附图获得其他的相关附图。For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the above drawings without any creative effort.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.
实施例1Example 1
小型农村垃圾焚烧炉，垃圾焚烧炉的燃烧室连通一次风风道和二次风风道，垃圾焚烧炉的上方连通余热回收装置，垃圾焚烧炉燃烧室的内壁采用耐火材料浇铸。所述一次风风道设置于垃圾焚烧炉燃烧室的底部，二次风风道设置于一次风风道的垂直上方。所述垃圾焚烧炉燃烧室的预热二次风温度为300℃。所述焚烧炉烟气出口烟气温度为850℃以上。所述余热回收装置包括补水箱、热管换热器、循环水泵、换热水箱及循环水路；补水箱采用浮球阀控制水位，热管换热器将烟气温度降至150～180℃，循环水泵设置在热管换热器的出水口。Small rural waste incinerator, the combustion chamber of the waste incinerator is connected to the primary air duct and the secondary air duct, and the top of the waste incinerator is connected to the waste heat recovery device. The inner wall of the waste incinerator combustion chamber is cast with refractory materials. The primary air duct is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber of the garbage incinerator, and the secondary air duct is arranged vertically above the primary air duct. The temperature of the preheated secondary air in the combustion chamber of the garbage incinerator is 300°C. The flue gas temperature at the flue gas outlet of the incinerator is above 850°C. The waste heat recovery device includes a water replenishment tank, a heat pipe heat exchanger, a circulating water pump, a heat exchange tank and a circulating water circuit; At the water outlet of the heat pipe heat exchanger.
实施例2Example 2
小型农村垃圾焚烧炉及其烟气净化系统，包括垃圾焚烧炉、余热回收装置、布袋除尘器、第一活性炭吸附装置、第二活性炭吸附装置、脱硫塔、引风机和烟囱，Small rural waste incinerator and its flue gas purification system, including waste incinerator, waste heat recovery device, bag filter, first activated carbon adsorption device, second activated carbon adsorption device, desulfurization tower, induced draft fan and chimney,
其中垃圾焚烧炉的燃烧室连通一次风风道和二次风风道，垃圾焚烧炉的上方设置余热回收装置，经过余热回收装置处理后的烟气通过烟气通道连接布袋除尘器的烟气入口，布袋除尘器的烟气出口连接第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置，所述第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置为并联连接，在第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置内盛装有活性炭，在第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置上分别设置微波发射装置，在第一活性炭吸附装置的烟气入口处和烟气出口处分别设置第一入口控制阀和第一出口控制阀，在第二活性炭吸附装置的烟气入口处和烟气出口处分别设置第二入口控制阀和第二出口控制阀，第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置的烟气下游设置脱硫塔，脱硫塔通过引风机连接烟囱。The combustion chamber of the waste incinerator is connected to the primary air duct and the secondary air duct, and a waste heat recovery device is installed above the waste incinerator, and the flue gas processed by the waste heat recovery device is connected to the flue gas inlet of the bag filter through the flue gas channel , the flue gas outlet of the bag filter is connected to the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device, the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device are connected in parallel, and the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device Activated carbon is contained in the interior, microwave emission devices are respectively installed on the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device, and the first inlet control valve and the first Outlet control valve, the second inlet control valve and the second outlet control valve are respectively arranged at the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet of the second activated carbon adsorption device, and the flue gas downstream of the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device is arranged Desulfurization tower, the desulfurization tower is connected to the chimney through the induced draft fan.
所述垃圾焚烧炉燃烧室的内壁采用耐火材料浇铸。The inner wall of the combustion chamber of the garbage incinerator is cast with refractory material.
所述一次风风道设置于垃圾焚烧炉燃烧室的底部，二次风风道设置于一次风风道的垂直上方。The primary air duct is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber of the garbage incinerator, and the secondary air duct is arranged vertically above the primary air duct.
所述垃圾焚烧炉燃烧室的预热二次风温度为250-350℃。The temperature of the preheated secondary air in the combustion chamber of the garbage incinerator is 250-350°C.
所述焚烧炉烟气出口烟气温度为850℃以上。The flue gas temperature at the flue gas outlet of the incinerator is above 850°C.
所述余热回收装置包括补水箱、热管换热器、循环水泵、换热水箱及循环水路；补水箱采用浮球阀控制水位，热管换热器将烟气温度降至150～180℃，循环水泵设置在热管换热器的出水口。The waste heat recovery device includes a water replenishment tank, a heat pipe heat exchanger, a circulating water pump, a heat exchange tank and a circulating water circuit; At the water outlet of the heat pipe heat exchanger.
所述微波发射装置分别设置于第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置反应炉的炉体两侧。The microwave emitting devices are respectively arranged on both sides of the furnace body of the reaction furnace of the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device.
所述第一活性炭吸附装置和第二活性炭吸附装置反应炉的炉体上设置活性炭更换口。The furnace bodies of the reaction furnaces of the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device are provided with activated carbon replacement ports.
所述布袋除尘器包括挡板、6个独立的仓室、压缩空气控制脉冲系统和设置于仓室底部的灰尘料斗；挡板将布袋除尘器分为6个独立的仓室，压缩空气脉冲直接冲扫6个布袋，仓室底部的灰尘料斗收集布袋除尘器布袋上落下的灰尘。The bag filter includes a baffle, 6 independent chambers, a compressed air control pulse system and a dust hopper arranged at the bottom of the chamber; the baffle divides the bag filter into 6 independent chambers, and the compressed air pulse directly Rinse 6 cloth bags, and the dust hopper at the bottom of the warehouse collects the dust falling on the bag filter.
所述脱硫塔内设置旋转喷雾器。A rotary atomizer is arranged in the desulfurization tower.
选用的垃圾焚烧炉为链条炉排炉，垃圾首先进入炉膛预热挥发分析出段，对垃圾进行预热，干燥，然后进入低温碳燃段，垃圾进行燃烧，最后进入燃尽段，使垃圾充分燃尽。烟气进入二燃室高温再燃，后从二燃室出口排出进入旋风除尘器，在旋风除尘器内，由于离心力作用，将烟气中大颗粒及部分小颗粒粉尘从烟气中分离。烟气从旋风除尘器出口进入脱硫塔，进行半干法法脱酸，出去烟气中的酸性物质，然后吸收塔烟气出口进入布袋除尘器，除去烟气中的灰尘，再经布袋除尘器出口进入二恶英吸附转筒，在筒内，烟气层层穿过颗粒活性炭，活性炭完全吸附烟气中的二噁英，使得从烟气出口排出的烟气为净化烟气，可以直接由烟囱排出。充分吸收了二噁英的活性炭进入活性炭收集槽内，在经传送带传送到微波烧结炉内，在微波烧结炉内处理7min～15min，微波烧结功率为2100W,使得吸附于活性炭上的二恶英完全分解，微波烧结不破坏活性炭的微观结构及其吸附性能，故经微波烧结后的活性炭依然保持其良好的吸附性能，可以作为吸附剂返回系统，循环利用。The selected garbage incinerator is a chain grate furnace. The garbage first enters the furnace preheating and volatilization analysis section, preheats and dries the garbage, and then enters the low-temperature carbon combustion section, where the garbage is burned, and finally enters the burnout section, so that the garbage is fully burn out. The flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber for high-temperature reburning, and then is discharged from the exit of the secondary combustion chamber into the cyclone dust collector. In the cyclone dust collector, due to the centrifugal force, the large particles and some small particles in the flue gas are separated from the flue gas. The flue gas enters the desulfurization tower from the outlet of the cyclone dust collector, and undergoes semi-dry deacidification to remove the acidic substances in the flue gas. Then the flue gas exits the absorption tower and enters the bag filter to remove the dust in the flue gas. The outlet enters the dioxin adsorption drum. In the drum, the flue gas passes through the granular activated carbon layer by layer. The activated carbon completely absorbs the dioxins in the flue gas, so that the flue gas discharged from the flue gas outlet is purified flue gas, which can be directly obtained by Chimney exhaust. The activated carbon that has fully absorbed the dioxin enters the activated carbon collection tank, and is transported to the microwave sintering furnace through the conveyor belt, and is processed in the microwave sintering furnace for 7 minutes to 15 minutes. The microwave sintering power is 2100W, so that the dioxins adsorbed on the activated carbon are completely Decomposition, microwave sintering does not destroy the microstructure and adsorption performance of activated carbon, so the activated carbon after microwave sintering still maintains its good adsorption performance, and can be returned to the system as an adsorbent for recycling.
实施例3Example 3
小型农村垃圾焚烧炉及其烟气净化系统的运行使用：垃圾燃料在农村小型垃圾焚烧炉中焚烧后产生850℃以上的烟气，首先经过热管换热器换热降至150～180℃，换热后的烟气经布袋除尘器，将烟气中的飞灰分离，再经过活性炭吸附切换装置(第一活性炭吸附装置、第二活性炭吸附装置)去除烟气中的二恶英，最后经过脱硫塔进行脱硫、脱酸，烟气安全排放；其中第一活性炭吸附装置、第二活性炭吸附装置上设置微波发射装置，利用微波对活性炭进行微波再生，在进行活性炭再生的过程中，二噁英等有害气体得到分解，达到烟气净化的目的，通过设置于烟气入口和出口的阀门控制，可进行烟气处理和活性炭微波回收两种工作状态的切换。在烟气处理工作状态下，可以打开各个阀门同时使用两个活性炭吸附装置(也可根据实际的垃圾焚烧产生的烟气情况，关闭其中一个活性炭吸附装置，只用一个活性炭吸附装置进行烟气处理)，当活性炭处理一定时间(1-3小时)后，关闭其中一个活性炭吸附装置上下端的阀门，打开其上的微波发射装置对反应炉内的活性炭进行微波回收，在此过程中另一个活性炭吸附装置继续处理，当微波回收完毕后，可对阀门进行调整，切换二者的工作状态，一个进行吸附处理另一个进行活性炭微波回收。The operation and use of small rural waste incinerators and their flue gas purification systems: After the waste fuel is incinerated in small rural waste incinerators, the flue gas above 850°C is generated, and the heat is first reduced to 150-180°C through the heat pipe heat exchanger, and then the heat is exchanged. The heated flue gas passes through the bag filter to separate the fly ash in the flue gas, and then passes through the activated carbon adsorption switching device (the first activated carbon adsorption device, the second activated carbon adsorption device) to remove dioxins in the flue gas, and finally passes through the desulfurization The desulfurization and deacidification of the tower are carried out, and the flue gas is discharged safely; among them, the first activated carbon adsorption device and the second activated carbon adsorption device are equipped with microwave emission devices, which use microwaves to regenerate the activated carbon. During the regeneration process of activated carbon, dioxins, etc. The harmful gas is decomposed to achieve the purpose of flue gas purification. Through the control of the valves installed at the inlet and outlet of the flue gas, the two working states of flue gas treatment and activated carbon microwave recovery can be switched. In the working state of flue gas treatment, each valve can be opened to use two activated carbon adsorption devices at the same time (or according to the actual flue gas generated by waste incineration, one of the activated carbon adsorption devices can be closed, and only one activated carbon adsorption device can be used for flue gas treatment. ), when the activated carbon is treated for a certain period of time (1-3 hours), close the valve at the upper and lower ends of one of the activated carbon adsorption devices, and open the microwave emission device on it to recover the activated carbon in the reaction furnace by microwave. During this process, another activated carbon adsorption The device continues to process. After the microwave recovery is completed, the valve can be adjusted to switch the working status of the two, one for adsorption treatment and the other for activated carbon microwave recovery.
以上对本发明做了示例性的描述，应该说明的是，在不脱离本发明的核心的情况下，任何简单的变形、修改或者其他本领域技术人员能够不花费创造性劳动的等同替换均落入本发明的保护范围。The present invention has been described as an example above, and it should be noted that, without departing from the core of the present invention, any simple deformation, modification or other equivalent replacements that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative labor all fall within the scope of this invention. protection scope of the invention.
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| CN112113226A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2020-12-22 | 刘飞俭 | Be suitable for multiple incineration device of multiple danger wastes material |
| CN114321957A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 鄂尔多斯市城市矿产研究开发有限责任公司 | Flue gas purification process suitable for small garbage incinerator |
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| CN207951030U (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-10-12 | 天津城建大学 | A kind of active carbon microwave recovered flue gas purifier |
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