CN107899551B - 含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料及其应用 - Google Patents
含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料及其应用,制作方法为首先将氧化石墨烯(GO)配制成1mg/ml的溶液,取50ml该溶液在水浴中超声冷冻干燥得到氨基化氧化石墨烯溶液,然后将氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液和二醋酸纤维素的碱性溶液混合,对混合液进行搅拌、机械剪切或超声,最后经吡咯单体聚合得到。本发明所制备的含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料兼具醋酸纤维、氧化石墨烯和聚吡咯的性质;该复合材料制成的纸张、薄膜或纺织品等有望在水体净化、金属离子富集、超级电容器、锂离子电池,抗静电或屏蔽材料、导电薄膜等多个领域有广泛的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料科学技术领域,具体涉及一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料及其应用。
背景技术
纤维素是天然生物材料,在自然界中储量丰富,具有优异的力学性能,可生物降解。但天然纤维素主链上有很多羟基基团,分子间和分子内形成了大量氢键,使纤维素很难溶解或者熔融。目前已开发出大量的纤维素衍生物,包括醋酸纤维素、纤维素醚、纤维素接枝共聚物和纤维素酯类。
二醋酸纤维素纤维作为天然高分子纤维素的衍生物,本身无毒无味,能够选择性的吸收周围有毒物质,抗菌、抑菌作用良好,且具有良好的生物相容性及生物可降解性,是一种环境友好型材料。工业生产的二醋酸纤维素丝束截面呈Y形,比表面积大,吸附能力强,吸阻较小,过滤效果显著,本身无毒无味,能吸附异味,且能有选择性的吸附周围有毒物质。
氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide,GO)是石墨烯的氧化物,其颜色为棕黄色,市面上常见的产品有粉末状、片状以及溶液状的。因经氧化后,其上含氧官能团增多而使性质较石墨烯更加活泼,可经由各种与含氧官能团的反应而改善本身性质。氧化石墨烯可视为一种非传统型态的软性材料,具有聚合物、胶体、薄膜,以及两性分子的特性。氧化石墨烯长久以来被视为亲水性物质,因为其在水中具有优越的分散性,但是,相关实验结果显示,氧化石墨烯实际上具有两亲性,从石墨烯薄片边缘到中央呈现亲水至疏水的性质分布。
氧化石墨烯表面的含氧基团主要有-OH、C-O-C、COO-等含氧基团,容易与纤维素分子羟基之间形成氢键,同时纤维素表面丰富的羟基和C-H可以和石墨烯形成CH-π相互作用、静电相互作用。因此将石墨烯与纤维素复合,可以提高纤维素的拉伸性能、导电性能和热学性能等。另外,纤维素的位阻效应也可以促进氧化石墨烯在溶液中的稳定分散。研究者将氧化石墨烯片(GOS)作为纤维素的交联剂制得气凝胶,压缩强度提高了30%,模量提高了90%,说明氧化石墨烯和纤维素之间存在着相互作用。
石墨烯的氨基化修饰被认为是最行之有效的修饰方法之一,在氧化石墨烯表面引入氨基,可以改善石墨烯表面的亲水性、极性,进而改善其在聚合物中的分散性,并在石墨烯与聚合物之间形成氢键或化学键;同时,氨基具有较高的反应活性,能与其他很多化合物发生反应,从而使得氨基化后的石墨烯在环氧树脂、聚酰胺等树脂中的分散性得以改善,提高了对复合材料的增强效果因而受到广泛重视。对石墨烯的氨基化修饰,目前主要有两种方法:一种方法是对氧化石墨烯进行酰氯化修饰,再进一步利用酰氯基团活性与氨化物的氨基反应制备氨基化修饰石墨烯;另一种方法是利用缩合剂使氧化石墨烯上的羧基与氨化物的氨基进行缩合反应制各氨基化修饰石墨烯。
聚吡咯( polypyrrole,PPy),具有导电率高,无毒,环境稳定性好,易于掺杂及特殊的光、电、声等特性。将纤维素纳米晶加入到复合材料中,可显著提高材料的热稳定性、力学强度、硬度、刚性和柔韧性。这类新型纳米复合材料能用于化学传感器或者防静电涂料的配方,可以提高导电纳米材料的力学性能。近年来,研宄人员发现聚吡咯、聚苯胺具有重金属离子吸附性能,常将聚吡咯、聚苯胺固定于无机纳米颗粒上用于重金属离子的吸附,而将聚吡咯固定于氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料上的研宄较少。因此,研究开发含有聚吡咯的氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料,并且发挥其在导电、吸附、载药等多领域应用具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明目的是在于提供一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料及其应用,该复合材料的制备方法采用简单的水体系工艺方法,反应条件温和,设备要求低,便于规模化生产,涉及原料廉价易得且无污染。所制备的复合材料兼具醋酸纤维、氧化石墨烯以及聚吡咯的功能,在电化学、吸附、载药等多个领域应用广泛,具有较好的经济和社会效益。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料,其制备方法为:
首先将氧化石墨烯(GO)配制成1mg/ml的溶液,取50ml该溶液在水浴中超声,然后,称取15mg的N,N-二甲基乙二胺或N,N-二乙基乙二胺加入到GO溶液中,再加入12mg 1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC.HCl)、100 mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)和12mg 4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),在25°C下搅拌反应24h,反应完成后将溶液在6000转下离心1小时,将上层清液舍弃,下层物质反复用去离子水洗涤三次,冷冻干燥12小时,即得到氨基化氧化石墨烯溶液;
然后将氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液和二醋酸纤维素的碱性溶液混合,对混合液进行搅拌、机械剪切或超声,获得氨基化氧化石墨烯/纤维素复合材料,碱性溶液为:碳酸钠或氢氧化钠、尿素、硫脲以及去离子水按重量比1-10:4-10: 0-10 :70-95充分混合;
最后,将氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料用去离子水溶解超声成混悬液,加入吡咯单体,再分别加入等物质的量的掺杂剂NaCl、DBSNa,然后边搅拌边缓慢加入氧化剂FeCl3•6H2O,吡咯单体聚合6-24h后,离心分离所得的悬浊液,再沉淀于去离子水中超声分散洗涤,直至离心分离所得的上层液体呈中性,将产品置于布氏漏斗中,使用微孔滤膜过滤,将沉淀物冷冻干燥24 h,研磨得到黑色含有聚吡咯的氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料粉末。
作为优选,所述二醋酸纤维素的碱性溶液和氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液的混溶比例为1:1~10:1。
作为优选,将氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液和二醋酸纤维素的碱性溶液混合得到氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料的具体步骤如下:
1)将氨基化氧化石墨烯用去离子水溶解,在功率为300-1000W的超声波装置中超声0.5-5h,得到分散均匀的氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液;
2)将碳酸钠或氢氧化钠、尿素、硫脲以及去离子水按重量比1-10 : 4-10 : 0-10 :70-95充分混合;
3)然后加入醋酸纤维素混悬液,-10至20°C下搅拌、机械剪切或超声12-24h后过滤洗涤得到氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料。
作为优选,在吡咯单体聚合反应中,吡咯单体质量为二醋酸纤维素质量的10%~100%。
作为优选,所述的氧化石墨烯为单层氧化石墨烯、多层氧化石墨烯或者二者的混合物。
作为优选,在氨基化氧化石墨烯溶液的制备中,所选用的氨基片段为N,N-二甲基乙二胺或N,N-二乙基乙二胺,缩合剂选用EDC.HCl和NHS。
本发明的复合材料在对含有机物和/或重金属离子的废气、废水进行吸附和净化的应用。
本发明的复合材料用于导电复合膜、超级电容器、电极以及电催化材料方面的应用。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明所制备的含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料兼具醋酸纤维、氧化石墨烯和聚吡咯的性质,如醋酸纤维较好的韧性、成膜性、可纺性以及吸附性,氧化石墨烯的高表面反应活性,独特的电、磁性能、吸附性能等,聚吡咯具有独特的导电性、吸附重金属能力;该复合材料制成的纸张、薄膜或纺织品等有望在水体净化、金属离子富集、超级电容器、锂离子电池,抗静电或屏蔽材料、导电薄膜等多个领域有广泛的应用;同时本发明采用简单的水体系工艺方法,反应条件温和,设备要求低,便于规模化生产,涉及原料廉价易得且无污染。所制备的复合材料兼具醋酸纤维、氧化石墨烯以及聚吡咯的功能,在电化学、吸附、载药等多个领域应用广泛,具有较好的经济和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料,其制备方法为:
首先将氧化石墨烯(GO)配制成1mg/ml的溶液,所述的氧化石墨烯为单层氧化石墨烯、多层氧化石墨烯或者二者的混合物,取50ml该溶液在水浴中超声,然后,称取15mg的N,N-二甲基乙二胺或N,N-二乙基乙二胺加入到GO溶液中,再加入12mg 1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC.HCl)、100 mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)和12mg 4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),在25°C下搅拌反应24h,反应完成后将溶液在6000转下离心1小时,将上层清液舍弃,下层物质反复用去离子水洗涤三次,冷冻干燥12小时,即得到氨基化氧化石墨烯溶液;在氨基化氧化石墨烯溶液的制备中,所选用的氨基片段为N,N-二甲基乙二胺或N,N-二乙基乙二胺,缩合剂选用EDC.HCl和NHS。
然后将氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液和二醋酸纤维素的碱性溶液混合,所述二醋酸纤维素的碱性溶液和氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液的混溶比例为1:1~10:1,对混合液进行搅拌、机械剪切或超声,获得氨基化氧化石墨烯/纤维素复合材料,碱性溶液为:碳酸钠或氢氧化钠、尿素、硫脲以及去离子水按重量比1-10:4-10: 0-10 :70-95充分混合;具体步骤如下:
1)将氨基化氧化石墨烯用去离子水溶解,在功率为300-1000W的超声波装置中超声0.5-5h,得到分散均匀的氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液;
2)将碳酸钠或氢氧化钠、尿素、硫脲以及去离子水按重量比1-10 : 4-10 : 0-10 :70-95充分混合;
3)然后加入醋酸纤维素混悬液,-10至20°C下搅拌、机械剪切或超声12-24h后过滤洗涤得到氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料。
最后,将氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料用去离子水溶解超声成混悬液,加入吡咯单体,吡咯单体质量为二醋酸纤维素质量的10%~100%,再分别加入等物质的量的掺杂剂NaCl、DBSNa,然后边搅拌边缓慢加入氧化剂FeCl3•6H2O,吡咯单体聚合6-24h后,离心分离所得的悬浊液,再沉淀于去离子水中超声分散洗涤,直至离心分离所得的上层液体呈中性,将产品置于布氏漏斗中,使用微孔滤膜过滤,将沉淀物冷冻干燥24 h,研磨得到黑色含有聚吡咯的氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料粉末。
本发明的复合材料在对含有机物和/或重金属离子的废气、废水进行吸附和净化的应用。
本发明的复合材料用于导电复合膜、超级电容器、电极以及电催化材料方面的应用。
实施例:
1. 将氧化石墨烯(GO)配制成1mg/ml的溶液。取50ml该溶液在水浴中超声,然后,称取15mg的N,N-二甲基乙二胺加入到GO溶液中,再加入12mg 1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC.HCl)、100 mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)和12mg 4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),在25°C下搅拌反应24h,反应完成后将溶液在6000转下离心1小时,将上层清液舍弃,下层物质反复用去离子水洗涤三次,冷冻干燥12小时,即得到氨基化氧化石墨烯。
2. 取氨基化氧化石墨烯0.5g溶于去离子水中,在功率为300-1000W的超声波装置中超声0.5-5h,得到分散均匀的氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液;将碳酸钠、尿素、硫脲以及去离子水按重量比5 : 8 : 6 : 81充分混合;3)然后加入1.0g醋酸纤维素混悬液,-10 - 20°C下搅拌、机械剪切或超声12-24h后过滤洗涤得到氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料。
3. 将得到的氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料用15ml去离子水溶解超声成混悬液。加入0.5g吡咯单体,再分别加入等物质的量的掺杂剂NaCl、DBSNa,然后边搅拌边缓慢加入0.3g氧化剂FeCl3•6H2O。吡咯单体聚合12h后,离心分离所得的悬浊液,再沉淀于去离子水中超声分散洗涤,直至离心分离所得的上层液体呈中性。将产品置于布氏漏斗中,使用微孔滤膜过滤。将沉淀物冷冻干燥24 h,研磨得到黑色含有聚吡咯的氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料粉末。
4. 重金属吸附实验测定
用电子分析天平取适量的硝酸铜或重铬酸钾晶体,溶于适量的去离子水中,配成100 ppm左右的Cu(II)溶液或100 ppm的Cr(VI)溶液。实验所需其余浓度的Cu(II),Cr(VI)溶液可通过稀释己配制的100ppm溶液得到。
为了测试改性前后吸附剂的吸附效果,将普通醋酸纤维、氧化石墨烯和多含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素三种吸附材料,分别装入50 mL Cu(II)离子浓度为100ppm硝酸铜溶液或50 mL Cr(VI)离子浓度为100 ppm重铬酸钾溶液的锥形瓶中,在室温下,持续振荡吸附4 h。吸附前后溶液中Cu(II)离子的浓度通过等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定。
实验结果显示:普通醋酸纤维、氧化石墨烯和含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素三种吸附材料对Cu(II),Cr(VI)离子的吸附能力有很大差别。实验结果表明,含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素对溶液中Cu(II),Cr(VI)离子的吸附能力比醋酸纤维和氧化石墨烯都得到了很大提高。将约0.1 g的不同吸附材料分别放入含有50 mL Cu离子浓度为88.7 mg/L的硝酸铜溶液或50 mL Cr离子浓度为96.6mg/L的重铬酸钾溶液中,含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素吸附材料对Cu(II)和Cr(VI)离子的吸附量分别达到28.5和33.1 mg/g,而没有改性的醋酸纤维和氧化石墨烯吸附材料对Cu(II)离子的吸附量分别为1.7 mg/g和3.8 mg/g,对Cr(VI)离子的吸附量分别为0.8 mg/g和2.7 mg/g。由此说明本发明的含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素吸附复合材料具有很好的重金属吸附能力。
5. 首先取5 mg含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料溶于10 ml蒸馏水中,超声1h均匀分散。取10μL溶液滴在玻碳电极表面,自然干燥后作为工作电极。以0.5N稀硫酸溶液作为电解液。粘附复合材料的玻碳电极为工作电极,铂丝为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极的三电极体系进行充放电测试和循环伏安测试,测试电压范围为-0.1~0.8V,以纯聚吡咯作为对比材料。
根据测试结果,含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料较纯聚吡咯有较好的电化学电容性。在5-10mV/S时,扫描曲线近似于矩形,随着扫速的增加,CV曲线逐渐偏离“矩形”,这是由于复合材料电极内部的阻抗使离子与电极之间相互作用减弱。还可以看出,在相同的扫描速率下,复合材料的CV曲线的积分面积显著高于纯聚吡咯的面积,说明含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料具有更高的电化学活性。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,故不能以此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明申请专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料,其特征在于:其制备方法为:
首先将氧化石墨烯(GO)配制成1mg/ml的溶液,取50ml该溶液在水浴中超声,然后,称取15mg的N,N-二甲基乙二胺或N,N-二乙基乙二胺加入到GO溶液中,再加入12mg 1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC.HCl)、100 mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)和12mg4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),在25°C下搅拌反应24h,反应完成后将溶液在6000转下离心1小时,将上层清液舍弃,下层物质反复用去离子水洗涤三次,冷冻干燥12小时,即得到氨基化氧化石墨烯溶液;
然后将氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液和二醋酸纤维素的碱性溶液混合,对混合液进行搅拌、机械剪切或超声,获得氨基化氧化石墨烯/纤维素复合材料,碱性溶液为:碳酸钠或氢氧化钠、尿素、硫脲以及去离子水按重量比1-10:4-10: 0-10 :70-95充分混合;
最后,将氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料用去离子水溶解超声成混悬液,加入吡咯单体,再分别加入等物质的量的掺杂剂NaCl、DBSNa,然后边搅拌边缓慢加入氧化剂FeCl3•6H2O,吡咯单体聚合6-24h后,离心分离所得的悬浊液,再沉淀于去离子水中超声分散洗涤,直至离心分离所得的上层液体呈中性,将产品置于布氏漏斗中,使用微孔滤膜过滤,将沉淀物冷冻干燥24 h,研磨得到黑色含有聚吡咯的氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料粉末;
将氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液和二醋酸纤维素的碱性溶液混合得到氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料的具体步骤如下:
1)将氨基化氧化石墨烯用去离子水溶解,在功率为300-1000W的超声波装置中超声0.5-5h,得到分散均匀的氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液;
2)将碳酸钠或氢氧化钠、尿素、硫脲以及去离子水按重量比1-10 : 4-10 : 0-10 :70-95充分混合;
3)然后加入醋酸纤维素混悬液,-10至20°C下搅拌、机械剪切或超声12-24h后过滤洗涤得到氨基化氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料,其特征在于:所述二醋酸纤维素的碱性溶液和氨基化氧化石墨烯悬浮液的混溶比例为1:1~10:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料,其特征在于:在吡咯单体聚合反应中,吡咯单体质量为二醋酸纤维素质量的10%~100%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料,其特征在于:所述的氧化石墨烯为单层氧化石墨烯、多层氧化石墨烯或者二者的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料,其特征在于:在氨基化氧化石墨烯溶液的制备中,所选用的氨基片段为N,N-二甲基乙二胺或N,N-二乙基乙二胺,缩合剂选用EDC.HCl和NHS。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料的应用,其特征在于:对含有机物和/或重金属离子的废气、废水进行吸附和净化的应用。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有聚吡咯的氨基氧化石墨烯/醋酸纤维素复合材料的应用,其特征在于:用于导电复合膜、超级电容器、电极以及电催化材料方面的应用。
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