CN107746066A - Ammonium chloride preparation system and method for lime-ash plasma melting processing system - Google Patents
Ammonium chloride preparation system and method for lime-ash plasma melting processing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107746066A CN107746066A CN201710979289.XA CN201710979289A CN107746066A CN 107746066 A CN107746066 A CN 107746066A CN 201710979289 A CN201710979289 A CN 201710979289A CN 107746066 A CN107746066 A CN 107746066A
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonium chloride
- plasma melting
- chloride preparation
- flue gas
- crystallizer
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001706 oxygenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 33
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000722270 Regulus Species 0.000 description 1
- -1 bioxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005200 wet scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/16—Halides of ammonium
- C01C1/164—Ammonium chloride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of ammonium chloride preparation system and method for lime-ash plasma melting processing system, the ammonium chloride preparation system includes the ammonia spray tower, inspissator and the crystallizer purification system that are sequentially connected, and the waste-heat recoverer in the plasma melting processing system provides steam for the inspissator and the crystallizer.According to the present invention it is possible to solves the problems such as secondary dangerous waste, high energy consumption, equipment complexity are produced existing for the existing system absorbed to sour gas caused by lime-ash plasma melting processing system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to incineration treatment of garbage field, is used for lime-ash plasma melting processing system in particular to one kind
Ammonium chloride preparation system and method.
Background technology
Lime-ash is flying dust and the abbreviation of bottom ash, wherein flying dust be rubbish or danger wastes without in burning process with flue gas
The molecule of discharge, wherein containing heavy metal He the material such as bioxin, belongs to danger wastes；Bottom ash is rubbish or danger
Caused after-flame material, wherein containing heavy metal, falls within danger wastes during castoff burning.
Flying dust and bottom ash belong to dangerous useless caused by flying dust caused by consumer waste incineration and danger wastes burning
Gurry category, and be mainly security landfill currently for the processing mode in such danger wastes, cost is higher.By wait from
Sub- fusion technology can by flying dust and bottom ash innoxious, volume reduction, recycling, using the plasma melting of plasma melting technology
Stove is that flying dust and bottom ash are become into molten condition rapidly by high temperature caused by plasma-arc (center is up to 7000 DEG C)
Reactor, it is a kind of mode and device by flying dust and bottom ash harmless treatment and recycling.
Due to containing more chlorine element in usual flying dust and bottom ash, general content is 4%-27%, in lime-ash plasma
During melt process, the form that this part chlorine element is converted into hydrogen chloride is discharged from flue gas, in order to which qualified discharge needs
Sour gas is absorbed.In general way is after carrying out waste heat recovery cooling to flue gas, to use the hands such as falling-film absorber
Section is absorbed with water to hydrogen chloride therein, forms hydrochloric acid solution, in order to improve the absorption efficiency of hydrochloric acid, usually using three-level
The equipment such as graphite absorption.In addition, in order to improve the concentration of hydrochloric acid, absorb the temperature of water to be generally reduced to 4 DEG C or so, it is necessary to plus
Fill a set of cooling refrigeration equipment.The problems such as high energy consumption, equipment complexity be present in the above-mentioned system absorbed to sour gas.
It is, therefore, desirable to provide a kind of new system and method absorbed to sour gas, to solve the above problems.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of ammonium chloride system for lime-ash plasma melting processing system
Standby system, the ammonium chloride preparation system includes ammonia spray tower, inspissator and the crystallizer purification system being sequentially connected, described
Waste-heat recoverer in plasma melting processing system provides steam for the inspissator and the crystallizer.
In one example, the flue gas that the plasma melting fire grate in the plasma melting processing system is put passes through successively
The ammonia spray tower is sent into after the cooling processing of the waste-heat recoverer and the dust removal process of sack cleaner.
In one example, the ammonia spray tower makes ammoniacal liquor and the smoke contacts using reflux type.
In one example, the concentration of the ammoniacal liquor is 20%-30%, and circulated sprinkling is carried out to the ammoniacal liquor.
In one example, the ammonia spray tower is arranged to multistage.
In one example, the concentration of ammonium chloride solution caused by the ammonia spray tower is 15%-40%.
In one example, the ammonium chloride solution enters inspissator progress concentration, and caused ammonium chloride is satisfied
Enter the crystallizer with liquid and carry out crystallization treatment, produce thick ammonium chloride, the inspissator and the crystallizer are decompression evaporation
Equipment.
In one example, the ammonium chloride preparation system further comprises the purification system for connecting the crystallizer, with
Purification processes are carried out to the thick ammonium chloride.
In one example, dual firing chamber is additionally provided between the plasma melting stove and the waste-heat recoverer, with right
The flue gas that the plasma melting fire grate is put carries out oxygenating and concurrent heating, makes the temperature of flue gas more than 1200 DEG C.
In one example, it is 50 DEG C -80 DEG C from the temperature of the flue gas of ammonia spray tower discharge, is by post-processing
System is further processed to flue gas.
The present invention also provides a kind of ammonium chloride preparation method for lime-ash plasma melting processing system, including：
The flue gas that plasma melting fire grate in the plasma melting processing system is put is successively by waste-heat recoverer
Ammonia spray tower is sent into after the dust removal process of cooling processing and sack cleaner；
Ammonium chloride solution caused by the ammonia spray tower enters inspissator and carries out concentration；
Ammonium chloride saturated solution caused by the inspissator enters crystallizer and carries out crystallization treatment, produces thick ammonium chloride.
In one example, further comprise thick ammonium chloride being sent into the step of purification system carries out purification processes.
In one example, the flue gas in the waste-heat recoverer with deionized water exchange heat after be cooled to 180 DEG C-
200 DEG C, while produce low-pressure steam.
In one example, the low-pressure steam is supplied to the inspissator and the crystallizer.
According to the present invention it is possible to solve existing to absorb sour gas caused by lime-ash plasma melting processing system
System existing the problems such as producing secondary dangerous waste, high energy consumption, equipment complexity.
Brief description of the drawings
The drawings below of the present invention is used to understand the present invention in this as the part of the present invention.Shown in the drawings of this hair
Bright embodiment and its description, for explaining the principle of the present invention.
In accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is to prepare system according to the ammonium chloride for lime-ash plasma melting processing system of exemplary embodiment of the present
The process route view of system.
Embodiment
In the following description, a large amount of concrete details are given to provide more thorough understanding of the invention.So
And it is obvious to the skilled person that the present invention can be able to without one or more of these details
Implement.In other examples, in order to avoid obscuring with the present invention, do not enter for some technical characteristics well known in the art
Row description.
In order to thoroughly understand the present invention, detailed method and step and/or structure will be proposed in following description.Obviously,
The execution of the present invention is not limited to specific details appreciated by those skilled in the art.Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is detailed
It is described as follows, but in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present invention can also have other embodiment.
It should be appreciated that the present invention can be implemented in different forms, and it should not be construed as being limited to what is proposed here
Embodiment.On the contrary, providing these embodiments disclosure will be made thoroughly and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to
Those skilled in the art.In the accompanying drawings, for clarity, the size and relative size in Ceng He areas may be exaggerated.From beginning to end
Same reference numerals represent identical element.
It should be appreciated that when using term "comprising" and/or " comprising " in this manual, it is indicated described in presence
Feature, entirety, step, operation, element and/or component, but do not preclude the presence or addition of other one or more features, entirety,
Step, operation, element, component and/or combinations thereof." one " of singulative, "one" and " described/should " be also intended to include
Plural form, unless context is expressly noted that other mode.
Using the existing system absorbed to sour gas caused by lime-ash plasma melting processing system, in order to avoid
The severe corrosive of hydrochloric acid, equipment need to be prepared with materials such as graphite, and equipment cost is high；And hydrochloric acid is absorbed using water, water
It is limited for the solvability of hydrogen chloride gas, therefore the effective means for solving this problem is when increasing its contact area and contact
Between, among actual process, increase the contact area of water and flue gas as far as possible usually using falling-film absorber, and in order to extend
Time of contact, common means are to increase the series of absorber, and equipment is relative complex.
Because hydrochloric acid has certain volatility, and its volatility increases with the increase of its concentration, due to hydrochloric acid
Course of dissolution be exothermic process, positively related relation is presented in volatilization intensity and temperature, in actual moving process, for hydrochloric acid
The water of absorption is cooling water, and typical temperature is at 4 DEG C or so, and in order to reach this temperature, it usually needs refrigeration plant is added, this
Operation energy consumption will be greatly increased.
Because the other compositions of such as dust, metal chloride, sulfide in flue gas will also be absorbed by falling-film absorber, because
The hydrochloric acid solution grade that this is collected into is relatively low, and the purifying technique of hydrochloric acid is complex and cost is high, as wherein dust
Usually using purpose ceramic-film filter, operation and maintenance cost are higher, purify metal chloride and sulfide therein for filtering
Technique will be increasingly complex and expensive, therefore will produce substantial amounts of spent acid usually using this technique, causes new industrial dangerous waste.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of ammonium chloride for lime-ash plasma melting processing system
Preparation system, can solve the existing system absorbed to sour gas caused by lime-ash plasma melting processing system and exist
The secondary dangerous waste of generation, high energy consumption, equipment complexity the problems such as.
As shown in figure 1, the ammonium chloride preparation system proposed by the present invention for lime-ash plasma melting processing system includes：
Ammonia spray tower, inspissator, crystallizer and purification system.
By feed arrangement by lime-ash caused by rubbish and danger wastes burning process and including such as sand
After additive is well mixed by a certain percentage, plasma melting stove is sent into.Lime-ash is stored in cinder tank, and additive is stored in addition
Agent storehouse, the lime-ash in cinder tank is delivered to by lime-ash metering device progress lime-ash by discharge valve and weighed, passes through discharge valve and spiral
Additive in additive bin is delivered to additive metering device and is added agent by conveyer weighs, lime-ash metering device and addition
Agent metering device is independently arranged.Lime-ash and additive after being well mixed by a certain percentage are via batcher from plasma melting stove
Top be sent into plasma melting stove, meanwhile, for producing the working gas of reducing atmosphere also by the top of plasma melting stove
Portion is sent into plasma melting stove, and the working gas uses nitrogen.
Plasma result from the continuous consumption positioned at stove top graphite electrode and positioned at furnace bottom electrode it
Between, usual nitrogen is as plasma process gas.It is micro-negative pressure operation in plasma melting stove, refractory material is water cooled in stove
But, to reduce the erosion of melten glass liquid and plasma to refractory material in stove to greatest extent.Inputted by feed arrangement
Mix material 5000 DEG C -8000 DEG C of high-temperature electric arc caused by plasma to melt rapidly, the melten glass liquid of formation has
The temperature of melten glass liquid in stove is maintained 1450 DEG C -1600 DEG C by electric conductivity, caused resistance heat jointly with plasma.
Melten glass liquid is come out of the stove outside from the glass dregs outlet continuous overflow of plasma melting stove bottom, and glass is obtained through cooling
Slag.The metal of recovery is discharged out of the furnace by the regulus outlet of plasma melting stove bottom, and metal alloy is obtained through cooling.Lime-ash
Interior bioxin is destroyed by high-temperature plasma and its caused ultraviolet rays and melten glass liquid almost all.Plasma melting
It is very low to melt the flow of flue gas caused by stove, lime-ash per ton about produces 200Nm3Flue gas, discharged from the top of plasma furnace
Flue gas temperature between 900 DEG C -1100 DEG C, the composition such as hydrogen chloride is contained in flue gas.
In order to which the composition such as bioxin, fuel gas in flue gas is removed, from the cigarette of the top of plasma melting stove discharge
The bottom that gas is admitted to dual firing chamber carries out appropriate oxygenating and concurrent heating, by CO, CH4 in flue gas at a high temperature of more than 1200 DEG C
Deng exhaustive oxidation.
To avoid the generation again of bioxin, the flue gas discharged from the top of dual firing chamber is in waste-heat recoverer and deionization
Be cooled to 180 DEG C -200 DEG C rapidly after water heat exchange, while produce low-pressure steam, in order to ensure its temperature hydrogen chloride dew point with
On, acid corrosion is avoided, temperature should ensure that more than 200 DEG C herein, and temperature is also unsuitable too high, to avoid the cloth bag to rear end from removing
Dirt device causes high temperature failure.
Then, activated carbon is injected to the fume pipe of connection waste-heat recoverer and sack cleaner by activated carbon injection apparatus
Road, to absorb the Wei Liang bioxin that may be formed again in flue gas.All secondary flying ash (including by flue gas carry not by
The flying dust of melting, salt of volatilization etc.) it will be captured by the bag filter in sack cleaner, secondary flying ash may typically account for input
Lime-ash 10%, in order to reduce the final disposal amount of secondary flying ash, it would be desirable to the stove of accurate control plasma melting furnace
Pressure, while part secondary flying ash is re-melted, so it is possible to finally control secondary flying ash 3% or so of input lime-ash
(concrete numerical value is relevant with the component for putting into lime-ash).
By the filtering of sack cleaner, flue gas becomes clean, so as to be advantageous to it is proposed by the present invention be used for lime-ash etc. from
The ammonium chloride preparation system of sub- molten processing system prepares ammonium chloride.Flue gas is introduced into the ammonium chloride preparation system of the present invention
Ammonia spray tower, it is sprayed using ammoniacal liquor, preferably reflux type, imitated with strengthening the reaction of ammonia and the hydrogen chloride in flue gas
Fruit, ammoniacal liquor preferred concentration are 20%-30% (weight %) concentrated ammonia liquor, and circulated sprinkling is carried out to ammoniacal liquor, absorb effect to improve
Rate, ammonia spray tower is it can also be provided that multistage.Hydrogen chloride and ammoniacal liquor react to form ammonium chloride solution, and the concentration of this solution can be with
Between 15%-40% (weight %), and the compositions such as ammonium sulfate, metal chloride may be included in this solution.
It is concentrated and crystallized using caused steam in waste-heat recoverer for the ammonium chloride solution of formation, due to
The solubility of ammonium chloride is raised as temperature raises, and ammonium chloride is easily decomposed at relatively high temperatures, therefore is concentrated and tied
Brilliant preferably decompression evaporation equipment is carried out.The ammonium chloride solution of formation enters inspissator and carries out concentration, and caused ammonium chloride is satisfied
Enter crystallizer with liquid and carry out crystallization treatment, produce thick ammonium chloride.
It is miscellaneous by chloride solid caused by concentration and crystallization treatment a small amount of sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate etc. may be contained
Matter, can directly be used for the not high occasion of concentration requirement, but if higher application is required to purity of ammonia chloride, it is necessary to
Ammonium chloride is purified, thick ammonium chloride is sent into purification system carries out purification processes, can preferably purify means as heating
Decompose condensation generation.It can be obtained by the ammonium chloride preparation system proposed by the present invention for lime-ash plasma melting processing system
To the refined chloride solid of purity more than 99%.
Temperature from the flue gas of ammonia spray tower discharge is 50 DEG C -80 DEG C, and flue gas is done further by after-treatment system
Processing.As an example, enter the bottom of wet scrubbing tower, the SO contained in flue gas from the flue gas of ammonia spray tower top discharge2
Neutralized with a small amount of unabsorbed hydrogen chloride gas by NaOH solution.Finally, the clean flue gas of dustless anacidity first passes through steam and added
Hot device heating is discharged after being incorporated to the processing of waste incineration main flue gas cleaning system via air-introduced machine again.Steam heater is by flue gas
To unsaturation temperature range, flue gas is set not produce white haze.Summer outdoor temperature compared with it is high, humidity is small, the concentration and diffusingsurface of white haze
Product is limited, can depend on the circumstances and whether use steam heater, by setting vapor heat exchanger bypass valve to control steam
The opening and closing of heater.
Ammonium chloride preparation system proposed by the present invention for lime-ash plasma melting processing system has advantages below：
(1) it is molten relative to being carried out using water to the hydrogen chloride in flue gas because ammoniacal liquor and hcl reaction are reaction completely
Solution absorbs, and substantially increases reaction efficiency, it is no longer necessary to uses the equipment that three-level falling-film absorber etc. is complicated and expensive；
(2) reaction of ammoniacal liquor and hydrogen chloride at normal temperatures is also reaction completely, and therefore, the temperature of cyclic ammonia water is without drop
Temperature, it is no longer necessary to additional refrigeration plant, greatly reduce operation energy consumption；
(3) condensing crystallizing is carried out to ammonium chloride using steam caused by waste-heat recoverer, it is defeated is not further added by extra heat
Enter, reduce operating cost；
(4) the thick ammonium chloride obtained can be directly as the raw material of industry, and if necessary to purify, ammonium chloride can pass through heating
Purified etc. mode, technique is simple, and cost is cheap, avoids the occurrence of producing the secondary pollutions such as a large amount of spent acid.
The present invention also provides a kind of ammonium chloride preparation method for lime-ash plasma melting processing system, and it includes following
Step：
(a) flue gas that the plasma melting fire grate in plasma melting processing system is put passes through the drop of waste-heat recoverer successively
Ammonia spray tower is sent into after the dust removal process of temperature processing and sack cleaner；
(b) ammonium chloride solution caused by ammonia spray tower enters inspissator progress concentration；
(c) ammonium chloride saturated solution caused by inspissator enters crystallizer progress crystallization treatment, produces thick ammonium chloride；
(d) as needed, thick ammonium chloride is sent into purification system and carries out purification processes.
The present invention is illustrated by above-described embodiment, but it is to be understood that, above-described embodiment is only intended to
Citing and the purpose of explanation, and be not intended to limit the invention in described scope of embodiments.In addition people in the art
Member can also make more kinds of it is understood that the invention is not limited in above-described embodiment according to the teachings of the present invention
Variants and modifications, these variants and modifications are all fallen within scope of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention by
The appended claims and its equivalent scope are defined.
Claims (14)
- A kind of 1. ammonium chloride preparation system for lime-ash plasma melting processing system, it is characterised in that the ammonium chloride system Standby system includes ammonia spray tower, inspissator and the crystallizer purification system being sequentially connected, the plasma melting processing system In waste-heat recoverer provide steam for the inspissator and the crystallizer.
- 2. ammonium chloride preparation system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the plasma melting processing system The flue gas that plasma melting fire grate is put is successively by the cooling processing of the waste-heat recoverer and the dust removal process of sack cleaner After be sent into the ammonia spray tower.
- 3. ammonium chloride preparation system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the ammonia spray tower uses reflux type Make ammoniacal liquor and the smoke contacts.
- 4. ammonium chloride preparation system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the concentration of the ammoniacal liquor is 20%-30%, Circulated sprinkling is carried out to the ammoniacal liquor.
- 5. the ammonium chloride preparation system according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that the ammonia spray tower is set It is set to multistage.
- 6. ammonium chloride preparation system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that ammonium chloride caused by the ammonia spray tower The concentration of solution is 15%-40%.
- 7. ammonium chloride preparation system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the ammonium chloride solution enters the concentration Device carries out concentration, and caused ammonium chloride saturated solution enters the crystallizer and carries out crystallization treatment, produces thick ammonium chloride, described Inspissator and the crystallizer are decompression evaporation equipment.
- 8. ammonium chloride preparation system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the ammonium chloride preparation system further wraps The purification system for connecting the crystallizer is included, to carry out purification processes to the thick ammonium chloride.
- 9. ammonium chloride preparation system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the plasma melting stove and the waste heat Dual firing chamber is additionally provided between recover, oxygenating and concurrent heating are carried out with the flue gas put to the plasma melting fire grate, make flue gas Temperature more than 1200 DEG C.
- 10. ammonium chloride preparation system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that from the cigarette of ammonia spray tower discharge The temperature of gas is 50 DEG C -80 DEG C, and flue gas is further processed by after-treatment system.
- A kind of 11. ammonium chloride preparation method for lime-ash plasma melting processing system, it is characterised in that including：The flue gas that plasma melting fire grate in the plasma melting processing system is put passes through the cooling of waste-heat recoverer successively Ammonia spray tower is sent into after the dust removal process of processing and sack cleaner；Ammonium chloride solution caused by the ammonia spray tower enters inspissator and carries out concentration；Ammonium chloride saturated solution caused by the inspissator enters crystallizer and carries out crystallization treatment, produces thick ammonium chloride.
- 12. ammonium chloride preparation method according to claim 11, it is characterised in that further comprise thick ammonium chloride being sent into Purification system carries out the step of purification processes.
- 13. ammonium chloride preparation method according to claim 11, it is characterised in that the flue gas is in the waste-heat recoverer 180 DEG C -200 DEG C are cooled to after the interior heat exchange with deionized water, while produces low-pressure steam.
- 14. ammonium chloride preparation method according to claim 13, it is characterised in that the low-pressure steam is supplied to described dense Contracting device and the crystallizer.
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