CN107703538B - Underground bad geological survey data acquisition and analysis system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and method for collecting and analyzing data of underground unfavorable geological survey. The system includes an elastic wave data acquisition system, which is used for in-hole elastic wave testing at the engineering site, so that it has the advantages of actively exciting the elastic wave field, multi-depth Multi-layer elastic wave signal reception, digital-to-analog conversion and data recording functions; waveform processing module, which performs band-pass filtering and effective waveform selection processing on elastic wave data at different depth measuring points, and calculates waveforms at each depth according to the formation drilling data The take-off delay time of the first wave is converted to obtain the zero take-off delay waveform of each depth, etc. According to the differences in propagation characteristics of elastic waves in complex geotechnical engineering media, the invention can find out the spatial distribution of unfavorable geological bodies through waveform image conversion and image recognition of collected elastic waves, which is accurate and reliable.

Description

Underground bad geological survey data acquisition and analysis system and method

technical field

The invention relates to a collection and analysis system and method, in particular to a collection and analysis system and method for underground unfavorable geological survey data.

Background technique

Unfavorable geological bodies such as karst caves, fissure zones, and fault fracture zones are often encountered in engineering construction. If the existence of unfavorable geological bodies and their water content in the underground cannot be detected in advance, serious hidden dangers will be buried, and it is very likely that Casualties, construction delays and major economic losses. Exploration methods based on elastic wave image theory are widely used in underground poor geological surveys, but they are often unable to perform effective and accurate detection due to excessive detection depth, construction period, and site constraints. Therefore, the data acquisition system and data analysis method in underground unfavorable geological survey holes based on elastic wave image theory are of great significance in underground karst cave survey engineering.

Data acquisition and analysis technology in underground unfavorable geological survey holes based on elastic wave theory Based on the advantages and disadvantages of current geotechnical engineering structure detection methods, a rapid data analysis method based on image recognition technology is studied, focusing on waveform data and underground structure images Based on the transformation method and the identification technology of unfavorable geological bodies, a data acquisition and analysis system for underground cave survey based on elastic wave theory is established. On this basis, use GIS (Geographic Information System or Geo-Information system, geographic information system) spatial information analysis platform and Geo-Database (using standard relational database technology to represent geographic information data model) spatial database technology to explore a space-based A method for the comprehensive rapid evaluation of analytical techniques. Make the survey of geotechnical engineering structures in my country more scientific, fast, economical and standardized, and improve the level of geotechnical engineering structural surveys in my country; form a set of high-precision, effective, and can radiate to road subgrades, railway track structures, tunnels, reservoir dams, Survey methods for large geotechnical engineering structures such as large slope protection and nuclear energy facilities. This technology is of great significance for establishing geotechnical engineering structure survey standards, ensuring safety, effectively reducing risks, improving the ability to respond to emergencies, and promoting the safety management level of geotechnical engineering in my country.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a system and method for collecting and analyzing underground unfavorable geological survey data, which is used for surveying unfavorable geological bodies such as underground caves, fissure zones, and fault fracture zones, and can be used in complex geotechnical engineering media according to elastic waves. According to the difference in propagation characteristics, the spatial distribution of unfavorable geological bodies (underground caves, fissure zones, and fault fracture zones) can be ascertained through waveform image conversion and image recognition of the collected elastic waves, which is accurate and reliable.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solutions: a data acquisition and analysis system for underground unfavorable geological survey, which includes:

Elastic wave data acquisition system, which is used for in-hole elastic wave testing at the project site, which has the functions of actively exciting elastic wave field, multi-depth and multi-layer elastic wave signal reception, digital-to-analog conversion and data recording;

Waveform processing module, which performs band-pass filtering and effective waveform selection processing on the elastic wave data of different depth measuring points, calculates the take-off delay time of the first wave of each depth waveform according to the formation drilling data, and converts to obtain zero take-off delay waveforms at each depth;

Waveform image conversion module, which is used to convert the processed elastic wave waveform into an image, retain the waveform characteristics of unfavorable underground geological bodies, and identify the spatial position of underground unfavorable geological bodies; use fuzzy mathematics theory to greatly reduce the consumption of computer computing resources, and output file types available to a variety of post-processing programs;

in:

The elastic wave data acquisition system includes an elastic wave transmitting module, an elastic wave data receiving module, and an elastic wave data recording module, among which:

The elastic wave transmitting module is connected with the elastic wave data recording module, which is used to excite the elastic wave field at the bore hole, and the energy intensity can be changed according to the needs;

The elastic wave data receiving module is connected with the elastic wave data recording module, which is used to receive elastic wave signals of multiple depths and multiple formations in the borehole, and transmit the elastic wave data received by each sensor in real time;

The elastic wave data recording module is used to perform digital-to-analog conversion on the received elastic wave data, and record the data into a hard disk according to preset parameters;

The waveform processing module includes a waveform noise filtering module and a take-off delay correction module, wherein:

Waveform noise filtering module, which preprocesses the waveform recorded by the elastic wave data acquisition system, filters common noise in underground adverse geological exploration projects, ensures data quality, and improves the accuracy of underground adverse structure exploration;

The take-off delay correction module is used to calculate the take-off delay time of the first wave of each depth waveform, convert to obtain the zero-take-off delay waveform of each depth, and obtain the elastic wave waveform profile data after arranging, receive the pre-processed waveform from the waveform noise filtering module, and input Formation conditions are calculated and corrected.

Preferably, a high-precision acceleration sensor is provided in the elastic wave transmitting module, which is used to receive the vibration signal of the elastic wave excitation point, and transmit the signal upward to the data recording module for estimating the take-off time and shortening the data recording time, Reduce the space occupied by data files.

Preferably, the elastic wave data receiving module adopts a velocity sensor.

Preferably, the elastic wave data recording module includes a seismograph and a computer, and the seismograph performs digital-to-analog conversion on the analog signals transmitted by various types of sensors, and transmits them to the computer for further processing and recording; the computer receives the digital signal, combines the elastic The excitation signal uploaded by the wave emission module is used to adjust the data recording time to form a data file and save it to the corresponding file location.

Preferably, the waveform noise filtering module includes:

Band-pass filter module, which is used to weaken the impact of various regular noises on the project site on data quality. When using it, you can set the high cut-off frequency, low cut-off frequency, and window flange length. The specific parameters should be based on site conditions and engineering experience. Adjustment, such as low-frequency noise generated by the operation of large construction machinery, low-frequency noise caused by driving vehicles, high-frequency noise generated by ground excavation or structure demolition, and other common noises;

The waveform correction module is used to remove the abnormal height model that cannot be corrected by the band-pass filter module; for the abnormal height waveforms caused by abnormal sensor operation and abnormal formation, the noise cannot be eliminated by band-pass filtering, and the waveform correction module can be used one by one Processing: first delete the elastic wave data in the time domain where the abnormal waveform is located, and then use the interpolation method to supplement the elastic wave data in the time domain. For the abnormal waveform in the entire column, the corrected waveform data can be generated based on the adjacent measurement point data.

The present invention also provides a method for collecting and analyzing underground unfavorable geological survey data, which includes the following steps:

Step 1, on-site data collection and recording, the waveform data is saved in plain text in ASCII code

Step 2, data collation and transmission, check the data format to ensure that the data processing program can run smoothly;

Step 3, set the parameters of the bandpass filter, including the high cut-off frequency, low cut-off frequency, window flange length, the parameters should be determined according to site conditions and engineering experience;

Step 4, run the bandpass filter and save the waveform data file again, the waveform data is saved in ASCII code plain text;

Step 5. Check the validity of the waveform data, including whether valid information is retained and whether the waveform is distorted. If the data is valid, go to step 6. If the data is generally distorted, go to step 3;

Step 6, check whether there is an abnormal waveform at a height, read the sensor track number, start time and end time of the abnormal waveform;

Step seven, delete highly abnormal waveforms;

Step 8, select the waveform correction template and run the waveform correction module;

Step 9, judge whether all the abnormal height waveforms have been corrected, if yes, go to step 10, if not, go to step 6;

Step 10, reading the stratum information of the borehole, including the depth, thickness, and wave velocity of each stratum where the borehole is located;

Step 11, calculating the theoretical value of the first wave take-off delay of the depth measuring points of the borehole;

In step 12, according to the hydrophone coordinates, the delay time is deducted from the collected elastic wave waveform to form a zero take-off delay waveform;

Step 13, arrange the processed zero-start-delay waveforms according to the depth to form a waveform arrangement, re-save the data file, and save it in plain text in ASCII code;

Step 14, read the maximum value of the waveform amplitude of each channel, respectively convert the processed waveform data into a waveform with a peak value of 1, and form a waveform arrangement according to the depth of the measuring point;

Step 15, converting the waveform arrangement into a bitmap image that can be recognized by a computer;

Step sixteen, identifying the spatial location of underground unfavorable geological bodies.

Preferably, said step sixteen includes the following steps:

Step 20, setting the survey conditions, the survey borehole diameter should not be too small, and the hole is filled with water, and the surface around the borehole is flat and dense;

Step 21, geophone setting, using a velocity type hydroacoustic geophone, the natural frequency is 100Hz, and the geophone and the water in the borehole must be fully coupled during detection;

Step 22, setting up the measuring instrument, the measuring instrument can be any digital seismograph, a 24-bit analog or digital converter and a digital recorder with a high cut-off frequency above 5kHz, and various general seismographs are all available;

Step 23, set the excitation equipment, which is composed of a weight and an acceleration type exciter;

Step 24, waveform processing, according to the stratum borehole data, obtain the stratum depth, thickness, direct wave velocity and other information of the borehole, so as to calculate the theoretical value of the first wave take-off delay at different depth measurement points, and according to the hydroacoustic detector Coordinates, this delay time is deducted from the collected elastic wave waveform to form a zero-start-delay waveform.

The positive progress effect of the present invention is: the present invention can be based on field test result, and consider implementation difficulty and project cost, research and development is based on elastic wave theory underground unfavorable geological prospecting hole data collection and analysis method for underground unfavorable geological bodies The research results provide a low-cost, fast, convenient, and accurate survey system and method for underground unfavorable geological survey projects, and solve the shortcomings of existing technologies.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the underground unfavorable geological prospecting data acquisition system based on elastic wave image theory provided by the present invention;

Figure 2 is an effect diagram of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention are given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to describe the technical solution of the present invention in detail.

The underground unfavorable geological survey data acquisition and analysis system of the present invention comprises:

Elastic wave data acquisition system, which is used for in-hole elastic wave testing at the project site, which has the functions of actively exciting elastic wave field, multi-depth and multi-layer elastic wave signal reception, digital-to-analog conversion and data recording;

Waveform processing module, which performs band-pass filtering and effective waveform selection processing on the elastic wave data of different depth measuring points, calculates the take-off delay time of the first wave of each depth waveform according to the formation drilling data, and converts to obtain zero take-off delay waveforms at each depth;

Waveform image conversion module, which is used to convert the processed elastic wave waveform into an image, retain the waveform characteristics of unfavorable underground geological bodies, and identify the spatial position of underground unfavorable geological bodies; use fuzzy mathematics theory to greatly reduce the consumption of computer computing resources, and output file types available to a variety of post-processing programs;

in:

The elastic wave data acquisition system includes an elastic wave transmitting module, an elastic wave data receiving module, and an elastic wave data recording module, among which:

The elastic wave transmitting module is connected with the elastic wave data recording module, which is used to excite the elastic wave field at the bore hole, and the energy intensity can be changed according to the needs;

The elastic wave data receiving module is connected with the elastic wave data recording module, which is used to receive elastic wave signals of multiple depths and multiple formations in the borehole, and transmit the elastic wave data received by each sensor in real time;

The elastic wave data recording module is used to perform digital-to-analog conversion on the received elastic wave data, and record the data into a hard disk according to preset parameters;

The waveform processing module includes a waveform noise filtering module and a take-off delay correction module, wherein:

Waveform noise filtering module, which preprocesses the waveform recorded by the elastic wave data acquisition system, filters common noise in underground adverse geological exploration projects, ensures data quality, and improves the accuracy of underground adverse structure exploration;

The take-off delay correction module is used to calculate the take-off delay time of the first wave of each depth waveform, convert to obtain the zero-take-off delay waveform of each depth, and obtain the elastic wave waveform profile data after arranging, receive the pre-processed waveform from the waveform noise filtering module, and input Formation conditions are calculated and corrected.

A high-precision acceleration sensor is provided in the elastic wave transmitting module, which is used to receive the vibration signal of the elastic wave excitation point, and transmit the signal upward to the data recording module for estimating the take-off time, shortening the data recording time, and reducing the data The space occupied by the file.

The elastic wave data receiving module adopts a speed sensor, the excellent frequency of the speed sensor is 100Hz, it is fully waterproof, and can work continuously for more than 4 hours in a 100-meter deep water pressure environment. Twelve speed sensors are one Groups, linearly distributed at a distance of 0.5 meters, connected by 24-core shielded wires, the data wires also serve as traction ropes, and heavy objects can be hung on the lower end of the data receiving module as needed to facilitate sinking into muddy water of different components.

The elastic wave data recording module includes a seismograph and a computer, and the seismograph performs digital-to-analog conversion on the analog signals transmitted by various types of sensors, and transmits them to the computer for further processing and recording; the computer receives the digital signal and combines the elastic wave transmitting module The uploaded excitation signal is used to adjust the data recording time to form a data file and save it to the corresponding file location.

The waveform noise filtering module includes:

Band-pass filter module, which is used to weaken the impact of various regular noises on the project site on data quality. When using it, you can set the high cut-off frequency, low cut-off frequency, and window flange length. The specific parameters should be based on site conditions and engineering experience. Adjustment, such as low-frequency noise generated by the operation of large construction machinery, low-frequency noise caused by driving vehicles, high-frequency noise generated by ground excavation or structure demolition, and other common noises;

The waveform correction module is used to remove the abnormal height model that cannot be corrected by the band-pass filter module; for the abnormal height waveforms caused by abnormal sensor operation and abnormal formation, the noise cannot be eliminated by band-pass filtering, and the waveform correction module can be used one by one Processing: first delete the elastic wave data in the time domain where the abnormal waveform is located, and then use the interpolation method to supplement the elastic wave data in the time domain. For the abnormal waveform in the entire column, the corrected waveform data can be generated based on the adjacent measurement point data.

The underground unfavorable geological survey data collection and analysis method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step 1, on-site data collection and recording, the waveform data is saved in plain text in ASCII code

Step 2, data collation and transmission, check the data format to ensure that the data processing program can run smoothly;

Step 3, set the parameters of the bandpass filter, including the high cut-off frequency, low cut-off frequency, window flange length, the parameters should be determined according to site conditions and engineering experience;

Step 4, run the bandpass filter and save the waveform data file again, the waveform data is saved in ASCII code plain text;

Step 5. Check the validity of the waveform data, including whether valid information is retained and whether the waveform is distorted. If the data is valid, go to step 6. If the data is generally distorted, go to step 3;

Step 6, check whether there is an abnormal waveform at a height, read the sensor track number, start time and end time of the abnormal waveform;

Step seven, delete highly abnormal waveforms;

Step 8, select the waveform correction template and run the waveform correction module;

Step 9, judge whether all the abnormal height waveforms have been corrected, if yes, go to step 10, if not, go to step 6;

Step 10, reading the stratum information of the borehole, including the depth, thickness, and wave velocity of each stratum where the borehole is located;

Step 11, calculating the theoretical value of the first wave take-off delay of the depth measuring points of the borehole;

In step 12, according to the hydrophone coordinates, the delay time is deducted from the collected elastic wave waveform to form a zero take-off delay waveform;

Step 13, arrange the processed zero-start-delay waveforms according to the depth to form a waveform arrangement, re-save the data file, and save it in plain text with ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, American Standard Code for Information Interchange) code;

Step 14, read the maximum value of the waveform amplitude of each channel, respectively convert the processed waveform data into a waveform with a peak value of 1, and form a waveform arrangement according to the depth of the measuring point;

Step 15, converting the waveform arrangement into a bitmap image that can be recognized by a computer;

Step sixteen, identifying the spatial location of underground unfavorable geological bodies.

Described step sixteen comprises the following steps:

Step 20, setting the survey conditions, the survey borehole diameter should not be too small, and the hole is filled with water, and the surface around the borehole is flat and dense;

Step 21, geophone setting, using a velocity type hydroacoustic geophone 1 (as shown in Figure 1), the natural frequency is 100Hz (Hertz), and the geophone and the water in the borehole must be fully coupled during detection;

Step 22, setting measuring instrument, measuring instrument can be any digital seismograph 2, twenty-four bit analog or digital converter and digital recorder with high cut-off frequency above 5kHz (kilohertz), all kinds of general seismographs can be ;

Step 23, set the excitation equipment, which is composed of a weight and an acceleration type exciter;

Step 24, waveform processing, according to the stratum borehole data, obtain the stratum depth, thickness, direct wave velocity and other information of the borehole, so as to calculate the theoretical value of the first wave take-off delay at different depth measurement points, and according to the hydroacoustic detector Coordinates, this delay time is deducted from the collected elastic wave waveform to form a zero-start-delay waveform. The effect of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 .

The specific embodiments described above have further described the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit In the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of underground unfavorable geology survey data acquisition analysis system, characterized in that it comprises:

Elastic wave data collection system is used to carry out elastic wave testing in hole in engineering site, has actively excite bullet in this way Property wave field, the more stratum elastic wave signals of more depth receive, the function of digital-to-analogue conversion and data record；

Waveform processing module, to the elastic wave data of different depth measuring point carry out bandpass filtering, effective waveform selects processing, root According to earth-boring data, each depth waveform Mintrop wave take-off delay time is calculated, is converted to each zero take-off delay waveform of depth；

Waveform image conversion module is used to the elastic wave waveform that processing obtains being converted to image, unfavorable geology under reservation The wave character of body identifies underground unfavorable geologic body spatial position；With fuzzy mathematics theory, Computing is greatly reduced The file type of resource consumption, output is used for a variety of post processors；

Wherein:

Elastic wave data collection system includes elastic wave transmitting module, elastic wave data reception module, elastic wave data record mould Block, in which:

Elastic wave transmitting module is connected with elastic wave data recordin module, is used to excite elastic wave field, root in drilling orifice According to needing to change energy intensity；

Elastic wave data reception module is connected with elastic wave data recordin module, is used to receive more more stratum of depth in drilling Elastic wave signal, and elastic wave data that each sensor of real-time Transmission receives；

Elastic wave data recordin module is used to carry out digital-to-analogue conversion to the elastic wave data received, and according to preset ginseng Number records data in a hard disk；

The waveform processing module includes waveform noise filtering module, take-off delay correction module, in which:

Waveform noise filtering module, the waveform recorded to elastic wave data collection system pre-process, and filter underground Common noise in unfavorable geology exploration engineering guarantees the quality of data, improves the bad construction surveying accuracy in underground；

Take-off delay correction module, is used to calculate each depth waveform Mintrop wave take-off delay time, is converted to each depth zero and rises Delay waveform is jumped, elastic wave wavy profile data are obtained after arrangement, receives the waveform after pre-treatment from waveform noise filtering module, And it inputs formation condition and is calculated and rectified a deviation；Add it is characterized in that, being equipped with a high-precision in the elastic wave transmitting module Velocity sensor, is used to receive the vibration signal of elastic wave excitation point, and signal is transmitted to data recordin module upwards, for Speculate take-off time, shorten the data record time, reduces data file and taken up space；

The elastic wave data reception module uses a kind of quality test of pile；

The elastic wave data recordin module includes seismic detector, computer, and seismic detector transmits each type sensor Analog signal carries out digital-to-analogue conversion, and is transmitted to computer and records for further processing；Computer receives digital signal, in conjunction with The excitation signal that elastic wave transmitting module uploads adjusts the data record time, forms data file, and save to corresponding document Position；

The waveform noise filtering module includes:

Bandpass filtering modules block, is used to weaken influence of all kinds of regular noises of engineering site to the quality of data, to height when use Cutoff frequency, low cutoff frequency, window fringing length are configured, and design parameter should be according to field condition and engineering experience tune It is whole；

Waveform correction module, being used to remove bandpass filtering modules block can not modified Height Anomalies model；Not just for sensor Often Height Anomalies waveform caused by work, stratigraphic anormaly, noise can not be eliminated by way of bandpass filtering, is rectified a deviation using waveform Module is handled one by one；The elastic wave data of time domain where suppressing exception waveform first, when then supplementing this using the method for interpolation The elastic wave data in domain generate modified Wave data according to adjacent measuring point data for permutation Wave anomaly.

2. a kind of underground unfavorable geology survey data capturing analysis method, which is characterized in that itself the following steps are included:

Step 1, on-site data gathering and record, Wave data are saved in plain text with ASCII character

Step 2, the arrangement and transmission of data check data format to ensure data processor energy trouble-free operation；

Bandpass filter parameter is arranged in step 3, including higher cutoff frequency, low cutoff frequency, window fringing length, parameter answer root It is determined according to field condition and engineering experience；

Step 4 runs bandpass filter, saves Wave data file again, and Wave data is saved in plain text with ASCII character；

Step 5 checks Wave data validity, includes whether be distorted, data are effectively then if retaining effective information and waveform Six are gone to step, data are generally distorted, and go to step three；

Step 6 checks for Height Anomalies waveform, when reading the sensor Taoist monastic name of unusual waveforms, initial time and termination Between；

Step 7 deletes Height Anomalies waveform；

Step 8 selects waveform modification template, runs waveform modification module；

Whether step 9, decision height unusual waveforms are all corrected, and are to go to step ten, are not to go to step six；

Step 10 reads borehole formation information, including each depth of stratum in drilling location, thickness, the direct wave velocity of wave；

Step 11 calculates the theoretical value of drilling depth measuring point Mintrop wave take-off delay；

Step 12 deducts this delay time collected elastic wave waveform according to hydrophones coordinate, forms zero Jump delay waveform；

Step 13, by treated, zero take-off delay waveform is arranged according to depth, forms waveform arrangement, saves data text again Part is saved in plain text with ASCII character；

Step 14, reads each road amplitude of wave form maximum value, and the Wave data that processing is obtained respectively is converted to the wave that peak value is 1 Shape, the depth according to locating for measuring point form waveform arrangement；

Waveform arrangement is converted to the bitmap images that computer can identify by step 15；

Step 10 six identifies underground unfavorable geologic body spatial position；

The step 10 six the following steps are included:

Step 2 ten, be arranged survey condition, exploration boring aperture do not answer it is too small, and in the hole in be full of water, drill peripheral ground it is smooth It is closely knit；

Step 2 11, wave detector setting, using velocity profile hydrophones, intrinsic frequency 100Hz, when detection, need to keep examining Water sufficiently couples in wave device and drilling；

Measuring instrument is arranged in step 2 12, and measuring instrument is any digital seismograph, 24 moulds or number converter and The digital recorder of the high cut-off frequency of 5kHz or more, various universal seismographs；

Step 2 13 is arranged excitation device, is composed of weight and acceleration type exciter；

Step 2 14, waveform processing obtain the borehole formation depth, thickness, direct wave velocity of wave letter according to stratum borehole data Breath, so that the theoretical value of different depth measuring point Mintrop wave take-off delay is calculated, and according to hydrophones coordinate, to collecting Elastic wave waveform deduct this delay time, formed zero take-off delay waveform.