CN107694236A - Grain bed dedusting and heat-exchange integrated device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a granular bed dedusting and heat exchange integrated device, including: a cylinder, the inner side of which forms a flue; a filter/heat exchange composite structure, which is arranged in the flue, including: N fractional structure, the The sub-structure includes: heat exchange tubes arranged in two rows separated by a predetermined distance in the axial direction of the cylinder, and the two rows of heat exchange tubes separate a filter material space in the cylinder body; filter material is filled in the filter material space ; where N≥1. The present disclosure integrates the particle bed filtering structure and the heat exchange structure, thereby reducing the volume of the device.

Description

Granular bed dedusting and heat exchange integrated device

technical field

The disclosure relates to the field of energy saving and emission reduction, in particular to a device integrating dust removal and heat exchange in a granular bed.

Background technique

The waste heat recovery and purification of high-temperature flue gas in high-energy-consuming and high-emission industries such as metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials, and electric power plays an important role in my country's energy conservation and emission reduction. Industrial high-temperature flue gas has the characteristics of complex composition, high dust content, corrosiveness, and large changes in working conditions, which make the flue gas waste heat recovery and purification devices have bottleneck problems such as filter blockage and regeneration difficulties, waste heat recovery and purification efficiency, etc. It needs to be solved urgently, especially it is more difficult to purify the flue gas containing condensable and coagulable dust. Common methods for high-temperature flue gas purification and waste heat recovery are as follows:

(1) First reduce the flue gas temperature by spraying, and remove most of the dust at the same time, and then use a cloth bag or ceramic tube filter to remove dust. This method basically has no waste heat recovery rate, and there is secondary pollution.

(2) The high-temperature dust-laden flue gas is directly introduced into the waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery, and then the lower-temperature dust-laden flue gas is discharged through a cloth bag or a ceramic tube filter for precise dust removal, but the high-concentration dust contained in the flue gas A thick layer of slag will form on the boiler wall, which will increase the heat transfer resistance and reduce the efficiency of waste heat recovery. Periodic manual slag removal is required. The maintenance and use costs are high, and the high-temperature flue gas cannot directly enter the waste heat due to its high temperature. The boiler needs to be cooled by the water wall first, which reduces the efficiency of waste heat recovery.

(3) High-temperature dust removal devices such as granular bed and ceramic tube filter are used to remove dust and purify high-temperature flue gas, and then recover waste heat through a heat exchanger. The thermal process is carried out separately, resulting in a larger volume and higher cost of the dust removal equipment; and when the high-temperature flue gas contains condensed dust particles, the ceramic tube filter is easy to block and cannot be cleaned, so it cannot be recycled, and the particle bed filter is due to Composed of discrete spheres, it is easy to remove dust and recycle, but it still uses the method of dust removal first and then heat exchange, which is only suitable for solid particle dust removal, but cannot be used for dust removal and purification for flue gas containing condensed and coagulated dust particles.

public content

(1) Technical problems to be solved

The present disclosure provides a granular bed dedusting and heat exchange integrated device to at least partly solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

(2) Technical solution

The device for the integration of particle bed dust removal and heat exchange of the present disclosure includes: a cylinder body 100, the inner side of which forms a flue A; a filter/heat exchange composite structure 200, which is arranged in the flue A, including: N fractional structure, The substructure includes: heat exchange tubes 221, 222 arranged in two rows separated by a predetermined distance in the axial direction of the cylinder, and the two rows of heat exchange tubes separate a filter material space in the cylinder; filter material 223 is filled in the In the filter material space; wherein, N≥1.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, in each row of heat exchange tubes, the distance between adjacent heat exchange tubes is smaller than the minimum diameter of the filter material.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when N≥2, N-level substructures are sequentially arranged in the flue along the direction perpendicular to the flue, and the size of the filter material in different substructures is different, and the size of the filter material in the previous substructure is The size of the filter material is larger than that of the latter sub-structure.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the substructure further includes: a differential pressure gauge 224 for detecting the real-time pressure differential between the upstream end and the downstream end of the hierarchical structure in the flue.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, it also includes: a control system, signally connected to the differential pressure gauges of the N stage structures of the filtration/heat exchange composite structure, for flue gas flow in the flue fed by one of the differential pressure gauges When the pressure difference is greater than the preset value, the user is prompted to replace the filter material in the substructure corresponding to the pressure difference gauge.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the filter material inlet B _in and the filter material outlet B _out corresponding to the filter material space are provided at the position of the cylinder body corresponding to the filter material space of each fractional structure; The thermal composite structure 200 also includes: a filter material replacement structure 240, and the filter material replacement structure 240 includes: a filter material/dust vibration separation structure 241, which is used to separate the replaced filter material from the dust and then regenerate the filter material to form a clean filter material. The material is ready for recycling; the filter material container 242 is used to hold the clean filter material to be replaced; the filter material lifting structure 243 is used to lift the filter material container to the filter material inlet B _in for replacement.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when N≥2; the N fractional structures share the same filter replacement structure, or the N fractional structures have respective corresponding filter replacement structures.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the sub-structure further includes: a heat exchanger scraper 225 disposed on the periphery of the two rows of heat exchange tubes for scraping off the dust adhered to the surfaces of the two rows of heat exchange tubes.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, it further includes: a secondary heat exchange structure 300 disposed in the flue A, on the downstream side of the filtering/heat exchange composite structure 200 .

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the secondary heat exchange structure 300 is a multi-row finned heat exchange tube bundle.

(3) Beneficial effects

From the above technical solutions, it can be seen that the device for integrating dust removal and heat exchange in the granular bed of the present disclosure has at least one or part of the following beneficial effects:

(1) The particle bed filter structure and heat exchange structure are integrated to reduce the volume of the device;

(2) Multiple channels divided by heat exchange tubes are filled with filter materials of various sizes for multi-stage dust removal. Filter materials of large to small sizes are used along the flow direction of the flue gas to increase the pressure drop without increasing the pressure drop. Dust holding capacity and dust removal efficiency;

(3) It can be replaced separately for a certain level of filter material, and achieve continuous dust removal under the premise of meeting the dust removal efficiency;

(4) Through the heat exchange tubes buried in the granular bed, waste heat recovery is realized, and the temperature at different positions of the granular bed is adaptively adjusted to control the coagulation and coagulation dust precipitation and adhesion/bonding position during the dust removal process , increase the dust holding capacity of the filter layer, and capture coagulation and coagulation dust while recovering waste heat.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a top view of a device integrating particle bed dedusting and heat exchange according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a side view of the device for integrating dust removal and heat exchange of the granular bed shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the replacement structure of the filter material in the granular bed dedusting and heat exchange integrated device shown in Fig. 1 .

[Description of main component symbols of the embodiment of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings]

100-cylinder;

A-flue; A _in -flue gas inlet; A _out -flue gas outlet;

200-Filtration/heat exchange composite structure;

210-first sub-structure; 220-second sub-structure; 230-third sub-structure;

221, 222- heat exchange tube; 223- filter material; 224- differential pressure gauge;

225-heat exchanger scraper; 226-scraper drive system;

B _in - filter material inlet; B _out - filter material outlet;

240-filter replacement structure;

241-filter/dust vibration separation structure; 242-filter container;

243-filter material lifting structure;

300-secondary heat exchange structure;

L _in - fluid inlet; L _out - fluid outlet.

detailed description

The disclosure integrates the particle bed filter structure and the heat exchange structure, realizes heat exchange while removing dust, and improves dust removal efficiency and waste heat utilization efficiency.

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the present disclosure will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a granular bed dedusting and heat exchanging integrated device is provided. Fig. 1 is a top view of a device integrating particle bed dedusting and heat exchange according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 2 is a side view of the device for integrating dust removal and heat exchange of the granular bed shown in Fig. 1 . Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the replacement structure of the filter material in the granular bed dedusting and heat exchange integrated device shown in Fig. 1 .

Please refer to Figs. 1 to 3, the device for integrating dust removal and heat exchange in a granular bed in this embodiment includes: a cylinder 100, a composite filter/heat exchange structure 200, a secondary heat exchange structure 300 and a control system.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a flue A is formed inside the barrel 100 , a flue gas inlet A _in is formed on the upstream side of the flue, and a flue gas outlet A _out is formed on the downstream side of the flue. The filtering/heat exchanging compound structure 200 and the secondary heat exchanging structure 300 are arranged in the flue, between the flue gas inlet A _in and the flue gas outlet A _out . The secondary heat exchange structure 300 is on the downstream side of the filtration/heat exchange composite structure 200 .

The filtration/heat exchange composite structure 200 includes: N fractional structures (210, 220, 230) arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream and at least one level of filter replacement structure 240, wherein N≥1.

In this embodiment, N=3. Three levels of sub-structures are sequentially arranged in the flue along a direction perpendicular to the flue. Wherein, the one-stage structure is arranged on the upstream side of the flue, and the three-stage structure is arranged on the downstream side of the flue.

The following takes the second grade structure as an example for illustration. The second fractional structure 220 includes:

The heat exchange tubes (221, 222) are arranged in two rows separated by a predetermined distance in the axial direction of the cylinder, and the two rows of heat exchange tubes separate a filter material space in the cylinder;

The filter material 223 is filled in the filter material space;

Pressure difference gauge 224, used to detect the real-time pressure difference between the upstream end and the downstream end of the flue gas in the flue;

The heat exchanger scraper 225 is arranged on the periphery of the two rows of heat exchange tubes, and is used to scrape off the dust adhering to the surface of the two rows of heat exchange tubes, and is driven by the corresponding scraper drive system 226 .

Among them, in each row of heat exchange tubes, the distance between two adjacent heat exchange tubes is smaller than the minimum diameter of the filter material to prevent the filter material from leaking out and ensure that the filter area is independent without affecting the passage of dusty flue gas. The filter materials at all levels are only filtered in their respective filter areas.

The first fractional structure 210 and the third fractional structure 230 are similar to this and will not be described again.

It should be noted that the size of the filter material used in the first fractional structure is larger than the size of the filter material used in the second fractional structure, and the size of the filter material used in the second fractional structure is larger than that of the filter material used in the third fractional structure. Depending on the size of the material, the diameters of the corresponding heat exchange tubes at each stage can be the same or different, and the three-stage filtration can be changed to two or more stages according to the filtration requirements.

In this embodiment, by adjusting the flow rate of the fluid in the heat exchange tubes corresponding to the structural boundaries of each layer, the precipitation amount and precipitation position of the condensable and coagulable dust particles contained in the flue gas, as well as the position of dust adhesion and collection, are controlled to regulate the flow rate in the filter layer. The dust holding capacity meets the requirements of flue gas purification and prolongs the filter material replacement cycle. The heat exchange tubes that form the boundary of the multi-stage structure will have dust adhesion on the tube wall during the heat exchange process, and the amount of dust adhesion on the tube wall is proportional to the dust collection amount of the fraction structure. After a certain degree, the dust adhered on the surface of the heat exchange tube will reduce the heat exchange efficiency, and the temperature of the flue gas in the corresponding sub-structure will rise, and the dust condensation and solidification collection position will move backward, and enter the next sub-structure, forming a temperature relationship with dust collection. Self-adaptive regulation improves the dust holding capacity of the multi-stage filter system and also recovers waste heat.

In this embodiment, the differential pressure gauge with three-stage structure is connected to the control system for sending the obtained real-time differential pressure data to the control system. When the flow pressure drop of a certain fraction structure is higher than the set limit value, the filter material of this level needs to be replaced separately, the filter material with dust is discharged, and the clean filter material is filled.

Likewise, the heat exchanger scrapers are controlled by corresponding scraper drive systems. The scraper driving system is connected with the control system signal and accepts the control of the control system.

Please refer to Figure 3, taking the filter material space of one of the first stages as an example, at the position of the cylinder body corresponding to the filter material space of each fractional structure, there are filter material inlet B _in and filter material outlet B corresponding to the filter material space _out , used to replace the filter material.

As mentioned above, the filter/heat exchange composite structure 200 further includes: a filter replacement structure 240 . The filter material replacement structure 240 includes: a filter material/dust vibration separation structure 241 , a filter material container 242 , and a filter material lifting structure 243 . Wherein, the filter material/dust vibration separation structure 241 is used to separate the replaced filter material from dust and then regenerate the filter material to form a clean filter material for recycling. The filter material container 242 is used for replacing the filter material. The filter material lifting structure 243 is used to lift the filter material container, and lift the clean filter material to the filter material inlet B _in for replacement.

Those skilled in the art can understand that, since all levels of filter materials have a filtering effect, after a certain level of filter material is replaced, the remaining filter materials have been participating in purification and dust removal, so the replacement of a certain level of filter material has a greater impact on dust removal efficiency. Small, easy to form a stable dust removal effect, the equipment can run continuously, and the secondary dust in the partial filter replacement process is also small.

It should be noted that multiple substructures may share one filter material replacement structure, or each substructure may be provided with a filter material replacement structure respectively.

The secondary heat exchange structure 300 is also located in the flue, and includes multiple rows of finned heat exchange tube bundles. Among them, the finned heat exchange tube bundles can be arranged in a triangular or polygonal structure to facilitate efficient recovery of waste heat from flue gas. The multi-row finned heat exchange tube bundles are connected in parallel with the previous heat exchange tube banks at the fluid inlet L _in and the fluid outlet L _out , wherein each row of finned tubes is also connected in parallel with the heat exchange tubes at each level, and the fluid inlet L The positions of _in and fluid outlet L _out are interchangeable. Multi-row finned heat exchange tube bundles and heat exchange tubes at all levels can also provide heat exchange fluid separately according to needs, and each area forms a parallel or series pipeline.

In this embodiment, the dust-laden flue gas enters from the flue gas inlet A _in . After the three-stage filtration and purification and heat exchange are completed, the dust content of the flue gas reaches the emission standard, but there is still a certain amount of waste heat that needs to be recovered. Multi-row fin replacement The secondary heat exchange structure composed of heat pipe bundles efficiently recovers the waste heat of the remaining flue gas, and then the flue gas is discharged from the flue gas outlet A _out .

Among them, the flow rate of waste heat recovery fluid in heat exchange tubes and finned heat exchange tube bundles of each layer structure can be adjusted independently, which is used to adjust the temperature distribution of dusty flue gas and the amount of waste heat recovery in each filter layer.

The working process of the replacement structure of the filter material in the device for the integration of particle bed dust removal and heat exchange in this embodiment will be described below in conjunction with Figures 1 to 3: When replacing a certain level of filter material, first open the outlet B _out of the filter material, and the filter material and All the collected dust enters the filter material and dust vibration separation structure 241, and after the filter material is separated from the dust, the filter material is regenerated to form a clean filter material for recycling. While the filter material is discharged, the heat exchange tube scraper 225 installed on the heat exchange tube is controlled by the scraper drive system 226 to remove the dust adhered to the surface of the heat exchange tube. After the filter material is discharged and the dust adhered to the heat exchange tube is cleaned up Finally, close the outlet of the filter material, reset the scraper of the heat exchange tube, then open the inlet B _in of the filter material, pour the spare clean filter material into the fraction structure, close the inlet B _out of the filter material, and complete the replacement of the clean filter material. The clean filter material after dust separation enters the filter material container 242, and is lifted to the upper part of the corresponding filter material inlet B _in through the filter material lifting structure 243 for use during the next filter material replacement. In order to prevent the leakage of high-temperature flue gas during the replacement process, the entire device is best operated under negative pressure conditions, and the exhaust gas is discharged in the form of extraction. During this period, the heat exchange fluid _enters from the fluid inlet Lin, and flows through the heat exchange tubes of the first substructure, the heat exchange tubes of the second substructure, the heat exchange tubes of the third substructure and the multi-row finned heat exchange tube bundles , absorb the heat in the flue gas, increase the temperature, and discharge it from the fluid outlet L _out .

Through practice tests, the device of this embodiment that integrates dust removal and heat exchange in the granular bed has the following advantages:

1) It can be used for high-temperature flue gas dust removal and waste heat recovery with a maximum temperature above 1000 degrees;

2) The structure is simple, the volume is small, and the high-efficiency waste heat recovery can be realized while the high-temperature flue gas is purified and dedusted;

3) Regulate the temperature distribution of the filter layer of the granular bed, adjust the adhesion and capture position of dust particles, and increase the dust holding capacity of the bed;

4) Through the combination of multi-level and multi-scale particle beds, the dust holding capacity and dust removal efficiency of the bed layer are improved without increasing the pressure drop;

5) Each independent multi-stage particle bed channel can carry out filter material replacement independently, realizing continuous dust removal while ensuring dust removal efficiency.

So far, the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in the accompanying drawings or in the text of the specification, implementations that are not shown or described are forms known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and are not described in detail. In addition, the above definitions of each element and method are not limited to the various specific structures, shapes or methods mentioned in the embodiments, and those skilled in the art can easily modify or replace them.

Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the device for the integration of dust removal and heat exchange in the granular bed of the present disclosure.

It should also be noted that the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc., are only referring to the directions of the drawings, not Used to limit the protection scope of this disclosure. Throughout the drawings, the same elements are indicated by the same or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or constructions are omitted when they may obscure the understanding of the present disclosure.

And the shape and size of each component in the figure do not reflect the actual size and proportion, but only illustrate the content of the embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.

Furthermore, the word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.

The ordinal numbers used in the specification and claims, such as "first-level", "secondary", etc., are used to modify the corresponding elements, which do not mean that the element has any ordinal number, nor does it mean that a certain element is related to The order of another element, or the order of the manufacturing method, the use of these ordinal numbers is only used to clearly distinguish an element with a certain designation from another element with the same designation.

The specific embodiments described above further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present disclosure in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure shall be included within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. A granular bed dedusting and heat exchange integrated device, comprising: A barrel (100), the inner side of which forms a flue (A); Filtration/heat exchange composite structure (200), arranged in the flue (A), includes: N-stage structure, the sub-structure includes: The heat exchange tubes (221, 222) are arranged in two rows separated by a predetermined distance in the axial direction of the cylinder, and the two rows of heat exchange tubes separate a filter material space in the cylinder; filter material (223), filled in the filter material space; Wherein, N≥1. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein, in each row of heat exchange tubes, the distance between adjacent heat exchange tubes is smaller than the minimum diameter of the filter material. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein, when N≥2, N-level sub-structures are successively arranged in the flue along the direction perpendicular to the flue, and the size of the filter material in different sub-structures is different. The size of the filter material is larger than that of the latter sub-structure. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The substructure also includes: a pressure difference gauge (224), used to detect the real-time pressure difference between the upstream end and the downstream end of the hierarchical structure in the flue. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: The control system, the signal is connected to the respective differential pressure gauges of the N stage structures of the filter/heat exchange composite structure, and is used to prompt the user when the pressure difference of the flue gas flow in the flue fed back by one of the differential pressure gauges is greater than the preset value. The differential pressure gauge corresponds to the replacement of the filter material in the substructure. 6. The device according to claim 1, at the position of the filter material space corresponding to each fractional structure of the cylinder body, a filter material inlet (B _in ) and a filter material outlet (B _out ) corresponding to the filter material space are provided ; The filtration/heat exchange composite structure (200) also includes: a filter material replacement structure (240), and the filter material replacement structure (240) includes: The filter material/dust vibration separation structure (241) is used to separate the replaced filter material from the dust and regenerate the filter material to form a clean filter material for recycling; The filter material container (242), is used to hold the clean filter material to be replaced; The filter material lifting structure (243) is used to lift the filter material container to the filter material inlet (B _in ) for replacement. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein, when N≥2; The N fractional structures share the same filter replacement structure, or the N fractional structures have their own corresponding filter replacement structures. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substructure further comprises: The heat exchanger scraper (225) is arranged on the periphery of the two rows of heat exchange tubes, and is used to scrape off the dust adhering to the surface of the two rows of heat exchange tubes. 9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: The secondary heat exchange structure (300) is arranged in the flue (A), on the downstream side of the filtering/heat exchange composite structure (200). 10. The device according to claim 8, wherein the secondary heat exchange structure (300) is a multi-row finned heat exchange tube bundle.