CN107653035A - 一种植物基润滑油及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种植物基润滑油的制备方法，取基础植物油加热温度至30‑40℃，加入碳酸氢钠调节溶液PH值为7.5‑8.1，向其中加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，反应30‑40min，冷却得A液备用；将单硬脂酸甘油酯、三聚甘油单月桂酸酯和磷酸三乙酯加入反应器中，升温至50‑70℃，开动搅拌，边搅拌边加入纳米硅酸锆和纳米硅酸铝，待滴加完毕后继续升温至80‑100℃，持续搅拌1‑2h，得B液备用；将A液加入至B液中，边搅拌边加入，加入完毕后升高温度至140‑160℃，随后加入高精细石墨粉，持续搅拌30‑40min后超声反应5‑10min，即可得到所述植物基润滑油。该植物基润滑油具有优异的抗磨减摩性能和热稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑油领域，特别涉及一种植物基润滑油的制备方法。
背景技术
润滑油在航空、汽车、机械加工、交通运输、冶金、煤炭、建筑、轻工等行业有着非常广泛的应用。传统的润滑油基础油都是以石油产品为原料制造的，其具有化学稳定性好、来源广泛、价格便宜等优点，它为减少摩擦磨损、节约能源、延长机械寿命及满足苛刻工况条件下的润滑需要发挥了巨大作用，但由于石油基润滑油被大量使用的同时，不可避免地会通过运输、泄露、溅射、溢出或不恰当的排放等各种途径进入环境，严重污染着土壤和水资源，破坏生态环境和生态平衡。再加之石油产品属于不可再生资源，越来越多的人们开始努力寻找可再生的资源来替代石油资源。
润滑油基础油主要分矿物基础油、合成基础油以及植物油基础油三类。矿油基础油由原油提炼而成。润滑油基础油主要生产过程有：常减压蒸馏、溶剂脱沥青、溶剂精制、溶剂脱蜡、白土或加氢补充精制。矿物基础油的化学成分包括高沸点、高分子量烃类和非烃类混合物。其组成一般为烷烃（直链、支链、多支链）、环烷烃（单环、双环、多环）、芳烃（单环芳烃、多环芳烃）、环烷基芳烃以及含氧、含氮、含硫有机化合物和胶质、沥青质等非烃类化合物。合成润滑油是指由通过化学方法合成的基础油，合成基础油有很多种类，常见的有：合成烃、合成酯、聚醚、硅油、含氟油、磷酸酯。合成润滑油比矿物油的热氧化安定性好，热分解温度高，耐低温性能好等优点，但是成本较高，可以保证设备部件在更苛刻的场合工作。
植物油正越来越受欢迎，它具有矿物油及大多数合成油所无法比拟的特点，就是可以生物降解而迅速的降低环境污染。由于当今世界上所有的工业企业都在寻求减少对环境污染的措施，而这种润滑油正拥有这个特点，虽然植物油成本高，但所增加的费用足以抵消使用其它矿物油、合成润滑油所带来的环境治理费用。现有的植物油制备得到的润滑油仍然在抗磨减摩性能和热稳定性方面有较大不足。
发明内容
针对上述缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种植物基润滑油的制备方法，通过加入多种添加剂，并采用相应制备工艺改善植物基润滑油的性能，提高其抗磨减摩性能和热稳定性。
一种植物基润滑油的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
（1）取70-80份基础植物油加热温度至30-40℃，加入碳酸氢钠调节溶液PH值为7.5-8.1，向其中加入10-20份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，反应30-40min，冷却得A液备用；
（2）将10-20份单硬脂酸甘油酯、8-10份三聚甘油单月桂酸酯和15-20份磷酸三乙酯加入反应器中，升温至50-70℃，开动搅拌，边搅拌边加入3-7份纳米硅酸锆和2-5份纳米硅酸铝，待滴加完毕后继续升温至80-100℃，持续搅拌1-2h，得B液备用；
（3）将步骤（1）中所述A液加入至步骤（2）中所述B液中，边搅拌边加入，加入完毕后升高温度至140-160℃，随后加入6-9份高精细石墨粉，持续搅拌30-40min后超声反应5-10min，即可得到所述植物基润滑油。
优选的，步骤（1）中基础植物油75份和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯15份。
优选的，步骤（1）中所述温度为38℃，加入碳酸氢钠调节溶液PH值为7.9，反应35min。
优选的，步骤（2）中单硬脂酸甘油酯15份、三聚甘油单月桂酸酯9份、磷酸三乙酯18份、纳米硅酸锆5份和纳米硅酸铝4份。
优选的，步骤（2）中升温至58℃，搅拌速率850r/min；待滴加完毕后继续升温至85℃，持续搅拌1.5h。
优选的，步骤（3）中所述温度150℃，高精细石墨粉8份，持续搅拌35min后于2000W下超声反应8min。
上述任意一条所述方法制备得到的植物基润滑油。
本发明与现有技术相比，其有益效果为：
本发明所述一种植物基润滑油的制备方法，以植物油为基础油，用碳酸氢钠调节溶液PH值并加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，改进基础油的热稳定性；通过制备由单硬脂酸甘油酯、三聚甘油单月桂酸酯、磷酸三乙酯、纳米硅酸锆和纳米硅酸铝得到的B液，提高润滑油的抗磨减摩性能；并随后在较高温度下加入高精细石墨粉、经超声处理，进一步提高了润滑油的抗磨性能和耐热稳定性能，使植物基润滑油的应用场景更为广泛，使用寿命长。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
（1）取70份基础植物油加热温度至30℃，加入碳酸氢钠调节溶液PH值为7.5，向其中加入10份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，反应30min，冷却得A液备用；
（2）将20份单硬脂酸甘油酯、8份三聚甘油单月桂酸酯和20份磷酸三乙酯加入反应器中，升温至50℃，开动搅拌，以速率850r/min边搅拌边加入3份纳米硅酸锆和2份纳米硅酸铝，待滴加完毕后继续升温至100℃，持续搅拌2h，得B液备用；
（3）将步骤（1）中所述A液加入至步骤（2）中所述B液中，边搅拌边加入，加入完毕后升高温度至160℃，随后加入6份高精细石墨粉，持续搅拌40min后2000W超声反应10min，即可得到所述植物基润滑油。
实施例2
（1）取80份基础植物油加热温度至40℃，加入碳酸氢钠调节溶液PH值为8.1，向其中加入20份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，反应40min，冷却得A液备用；
（2）将10份单硬脂酸甘油酯、10份三聚甘油单月桂酸酯和15份磷酸三乙酯加入反应器中，升温至70℃，开动搅拌，以速率850r/min边搅拌边加入7份纳米硅酸锆和5份纳米硅酸铝，待滴加完毕后继续升温至80℃，持续搅拌1h，得B液备用；
（3）将步骤（1）中所述A液加入至步骤（2）中所述B液中，边搅拌边加入，加入完毕后升高温度至140℃，随后加入9份高精细石墨粉，持续搅拌30min后2000W超声反应5min，即可得到所述植物基润滑油。
实施例3
（1）取75份基础植物油加热温度至35℃，加入碳酸氢钠调节溶液PH值为7.7，向其中加入12份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，反应35min，冷却得A液备用；
（2）将13份单硬脂酸甘油酯、9份三聚甘油单月桂酸酯和17份磷酸三乙酯加入反应器中，升温至55℃，开动搅拌，以速率850r/min边搅拌边加入4份纳米硅酸锆和5份纳米硅酸铝，待滴加完毕后继续升温至95℃，持续搅拌2h，得B液备用；
（3）将步骤（1）中所述A液加入至步骤（2）中所述B液中，边搅拌边加入，加入完毕后升高温度至150℃，随后加入7份高精细石墨粉，持续搅拌40min后2000W超声反应10min，即可得到所述植物基润滑油。
实施例4
（1）取80份基础植物油加热温度至38℃，加入碳酸氢钠调节溶液PH值为8.0，向其中加入15份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，反应40min，冷却得A液备用；
（2）将18份单硬脂酸甘油酯、10份三聚甘油单月桂酸酯和19份磷酸三乙酯加入反应器中，升温至65℃，开动搅拌，以速率850r/min边搅拌边加入6份纳米硅酸锆和3份纳米硅酸铝，待滴加完毕后继续升温至88℃，持续搅拌1h，得B液备用；
（3）将步骤（1）中所述A液加入至步骤（2）中所述B液中，边搅拌边加入，加入完毕后升高温度至160℃，随后加入8份高精细石墨粉，持续搅拌30min后2000W超声反应8min，即可得到所述植物基润滑油。
实施例5
（1）取75份基础植物油加热温度至38℃，加入碳酸氢钠调节溶液PH值为7.9，向其中加入15份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，反应35min，冷却得A液备用；
（2）将15份单硬脂酸甘油酯、9份三聚甘油单月桂酸酯和18份磷酸三乙酯加入反应器中，升温至58℃，开动搅拌，以速率850r/min边搅拌边加入5份纳米硅酸锆和4份纳米硅酸铝，待滴加完毕后继续升温至85℃，持续搅拌1.5h，得B液备用；
（3）将步骤（1）中所述A液加入至步骤（2）中所述B液中，边搅拌边加入，加入完毕后升高温度至150℃，随后加入8份高精细石墨粉，持续搅拌35min后2000W超声反应8min，即可得到所述植物基润滑油。
对上述各个实施例所得到植物基润滑油性能测试，详细结果见下表：
| 试验 | 磨斑直径/mm | 氧化诱导期/min | 初始热分解温度（℃） |
| 实施例1 | 0.35 | 72 | 290 |
| 实施例2 | 0.31 | 75 | 297 |
| 实施例3 | 0.32 | 79 | 293 |
| 实施例4 | 0.30 | 76 | 298 |
| 实施例5 | 0.28 | 80 | 300 |
本发明不限于这里的实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种植物基润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，包含如下步骤：
取70-80份基础植物油加热温度至30-40℃，加入碳酸氢钠调节溶液PH值为7.5-8.1，向其中加入5-7份多巴胺和10-20份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，反应30-40min，冷却得A液备用；
将10-20份单硬脂酸甘油酯、8-10份三聚甘油单月桂酸酯和15-20份磷酸三乙酯加入反应器中，升温至50-70℃，开动搅拌，边搅拌边加入3-7份纳米硅酸锆和2-5份纳米硅酸铝，待滴加完毕后继续升温至80-100℃，持续搅拌1-2h，得B液备用；
将步骤（1）中所述A液加入至步骤（2）中所述B液中，边搅拌边加入，加入完毕后升高温度至140-160℃，随后加入6-9份高精细石墨粉，持续搅拌30-40min后超声反应5-10min，即可得到所述植物基润滑油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种植物基润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中基础植物油75份、多巴胺6份和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种植物基润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中所述温度为38℃，加入碳酸氢钠调节溶液PH值为7.9，反应35min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种植物基润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中单硬脂酸甘油酯15份、三聚甘油单月桂酸酯9份、磷酸三乙酯18份、纳米硅酸锆5份和纳米硅酸铝4份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种植物基润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中升温至58℃，搅拌速率850r/min；待滴加完毕后继续升温至85℃，持续搅拌1.5h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种植物基润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述温度150℃，高精细石墨粉8份，持续搅拌35min后于2000W下超声反应8min。
7.根据权利要求1-6任意一条所述方法制备得到的植物基润滑油。
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