CN107637305B

CN107637305B - A method of enhancing antioxidant substances in plants

Info

Publication number: CN107637305B
Application number: CN201610584555.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴炎东
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-07-22
Filing date: 2016-07-22
Publication date: 2020-05-12
Anticipated expiration: 2036-07-22
Also published as: CN107637305A

Abstract

A method for enhancing antioxidant substances in plants, comprising: (a) placing at least one light-transmitting material with a wavelength that adjusts or retains a spectrum between a light source and a plant photoreceptor; and (b) light passes through the light-transmitting material Afterwards, the transmittance of the 340nm-500nm segment is lower than 59%; the transmittance of the 500nm-600nm segment is lower than 50%; and the transmittance of the 600nm-850nm segment is lower than 78%.

Description

Method for improving antioxidant substances of plants

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for improving antioxidant substances of plants.

Background

Photosynthesis is the conversion of carbon dioxide, water or hydrogen sulfide into carbohydrates by plants, algae and certain bacteria using chlorophyll under light irradiation. Photosynthesis can be divided into oxygen photosynthesis (oxidative photosynthesis) and anaerobic photosynthesis (anaerobic photosynthesis). Plants are called producers of the food chain because they are able to produce organic matter by using inorganic matter through photosynthesis and store energy, with an energy conversion efficiency of about 6%. Through the food chain, the consumer can absorb the energy stored by the plant with an efficiency of around 10%. For most organisms, this process is critical to their survival. In the carbon-oxygen cycle on earth, photosynthesis is one of the most important.

Greenhouse cultivation began to utilize LED lamps to assist or replace natural light sources, with the key to the use of LEDs in the horticultural field being the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll. Researchers find that the chlorophyll absorption spectrum has peaks in the red and blue regions, while the absorbed green light is very little, and the chlorophyll absorption spectrum has peaks in the red and blue regions of 400-500 nm and 600-700 nm. At present, most artificial light sources used in planting factories are still narrow-spectrum light sources, lamps designed by deep blue light 455nm and deep red light 660nm are also provided with LED chips mixed with blue light and red light with luminous wave peaks respectively. In fact, most solid state lighting products optimized specifically for horticultural applications are still in development, high efficiency blue LEDs have been in existence for a considerable time, while the efficiency of red LEDs generally remains to be further improved, especially for ideal 660nm and 730nm LEDs.

The relationship between photoplasm and Plant development, most notably R.E.Kendrick and G.H.M.Kronenberg, the discussion of "Photo morphinesis in Plant" (1986, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers), is shown in Table 1 for the effect of different spectral ranges on Plant physiology.

TABLE 1 Effect of different spectral ranges on plant physiology

Spectral range	Influence on plant physiology
		280～315nm	Has little influence on the form and physiological process
315～400nm	Chlorophyll absorbs little, influences the photoperiod effect, and prevents stem elongation
		400～520nm	Chlorophyll and carotenoid absorption ratio is maximum, and influence on photosynthesis is maximum
520～610nm	Absorption rate of pigment is not high
		610～720nm	Chlorophyll has low absorption rate, and has significant effect on photosynthesis and photoperiod effect
720～1000nm	Low absorption rate, and can stimulate cell elongation and influence flowering and seed germination
		1000nm	Conversion into heat

It is generally accepted that the effect of light color on photosynthesis differs, and in fact, the effect of light color does not differ during photosynthesis, so the use of a full spectrum is most beneficial for plant development (Harry Stijger, Flower Tech, 2004, 7 (2)). The maximum spectrum sensitive area of the plant is 400-700 nm, and the spectrum in this area is usually called the effective energy area of photosynthesis. Approximately 45% of the energy of sunlight is in this region of the spectrum, and thus the spectral distribution of the plant-growing light source should also be close to this range.

The energy of the photons emitted by the light source varies with wavelength, for example, the energy of 400nm (blue) is 1.75 times the energy of 700nm (red), but for photosynthesis, the wavelengths are the same, and the excess energy in the blue spectrum that cannot be used as photosynthesis is converted into heat. In other words, the photosynthesis rate of the plant is determined by the number of photons that the plant can absorb in the range of 400-700 nm, and is not related to the number of photons emitted from each spectrum. The sensitivity of plants to all spectra varies, mainly due to the specific absorption of pigments in the leaves. Chlorophyll is the most common pigment of plants, but chlorophyll is not the only useful pigment for photosynthesis, and other pigments also participate in photosynthesis, so that the photosynthesis efficiency cannot be considered only by the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll. Plants should receive a variety of balanced light sources for their morphological development and leaf color. The blue light source (400-500 nm) is very important for the differentiation of plants and the regulation of stomata. If the blue light is insufficient, the proportion of far-red light is too much, and the stem part grows excessively, so that the yellowing of the leaf is easily caused. The ratio R/FR of the energy of the red light spectrum R (655-665 nm) to the energy of the far-red light spectrum FR (725-735 nm) is between 1.0 and 1.2, the plant develops normally, but the sensitivity of different plants to the spectrum ratio is different.

WO2014/015020 discloses a method for promoting plant growth and a device and method for calculating light quantity accumulation, wherein a light-transmitting material with a spectrum wavelength below 500nm (section a), below 500-630 nm (section B) and above 630 nm (section C) is placed between a light source and a plant photosynthesis receptor to promote plant growth. It is not known whether the plant itself is affected by the different spectral wavelengths of the irradiated plant.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention relates to a method for improving antioxidant substances of plants, which comprises the following steps: (a) placing at least one light-transmitting material with the spectrum wavelength adjusted or reserved between a light source and a plant light receptor; and (b) after the light passes through the light-transmitting material, the light transmittance of a 340 nm-500 nm section is lower than 59 percent; the light transmittance of a 500 nm-600 nm section is lower than 50 percent; the light transmittance of the light-emitting diode in a 600 nm-850 nm section is lower than 78%.

The invention uses any type of artificial materials such as knitted mesh (including non-woven fabrics), plain mesh (cloth), plastic film (cloth, paper), plastic board, glass, sun-shading paint (water-containing property and oil-containing property) and the like, and the light transmittance of the artificial materials to a solar light source is respectively in the following spectral wavelengths:

the light transmittance of the region below 400nm is lower than 56 percent;

the light transmittance of the 400 nm-500 nm section is lower than 59 percent;

the light transmittance of the 500 nm-600 nm section is lower than 50 percent;

the light transmittance of the 600 nm-700 nm section is lower than 75 percent;

the light transmittance of the 700 nm-800 nm section is lower than 78 percent;

the light transmittance of the section above 800nm is lower than 78%;

the total light transmittance of the 340 nm-850 nm section is lower than 65 percent; and/or

The total light transmittance of the visible light region in the 400 nm-700 nm section is lower than 62 percent.

The wavelength of the three sections is taken as independent variables x, y and z, wherein the light transmittance of x% in the section of 340 nm-500 nm is lower than 59%; the light transmittance of y percent in the 500 nm-600 nm section is lower than 50 percent; the transmittance of z% in the 600 nm-850 nm section is lower than 78%, namely the transmittances of the three wavelengths meet the conditions, and the plants can be enhanced to generate antioxidant substances. Those skilled in the art can repeatedly shade plants with a single layer, double layers or multiple layers slightly different from the above transmittance range to be lower than the above transmittance range. Therefore, the method can shield the plant by various combinations of single-layer, double-layer or multi-layer light-transmitting materials, and the light transmittance of the 340 nm-500 nm section is lower than 59 percent; the light transmittance of a 500 nm-600 nm section is lower than 50 percent; the light transmittance of the light-emitting diode in a 600 nm-850 nm section is lower than 78%.

Planting plants within this light transmission ratio results in an increase in the quality of the plant, whether the plant is a product of vegetative or reproductive growth stages. The quality is improved, besides taste, fragrance and sweetness, components which are relatively beneficial to human health, such as antioxidant capacity, whitening substances, antioxidant substances (including but not limited to ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, phenolic compounds, polyphenol, various vitamins, ellagic acid) and the like are further increased.

The photoreceptor of the present invention refers to plant receptors such as chlorophyll a (chlorophyl a), chlorophyll b (chlorophyl b), chlorophyll f (chlorophyl f), Carotenoids (Carotenoids), and phytochromes (phytochromes), and the light source is a natural light source, sunlight or artificial light.

The light-transmitting material of the present invention adjusts or retains the spectral wavelength by controlling the color and the ratio of each color, wherein the light-transmitting material includes but is not limited to cloth, woven mesh, gauze, woven cloth, plastic paper, plastic film, plastic plate, heat-insulating paper, glass, sun-shading paint or non-woven fabric. In a preferred embodiment, the transparent material is a plastic film, a plastic plate, glass, a sun-shading paint or a woven mesh. The transparent material includes, but is not limited to, plastic film or woven mesh of peach red, dark blue, royal blue, purple red or dark purple red, in a preferred embodiment, the transparent material is peach red, and the woven density is greater than 55% of mesh.

The light transmittance is also affected by the weaving density of the light-transmitting material plastic film, plastic plate, glass, sun-shading paint or woven mesh, including but not limited to 10% -90%, and in a preferred embodiment, the weaving density of the light-transmitting material is greater than 55% -90%.

The invention also can adjust the distance between the transparent material and the plant to regulate and control the growth efficiency, and the optimal temperature, humidity, wind speed and brightness of the plant light receptor are used as correction base numbers.

The invention can adjust the light source to the optimal proportion required by the specific stage by adopting the light-transmitting materials with different colors according to the different light source characteristics required by each stage during the plant growth, thereby improving the antioxidant substances of the plant. The method of the present invention may be used in natural or artificial environments (including but not limited to greenhouses).

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph of peach (magenta) knit density 55% mesh as a function of photon flux density at different wavelengths, where 1 is the first test (sunlight) and 2 is the second test (55% mesh knit density passed);

fig. 3 shows the transmittance of light at each wavelength after passing through a net having a white weave density of 50% and a peach weave density of 55% and a peach-red net having a weave density of more than 55%.

In fig. 1, 10 is a light source, 20 is light that has not passed through a light-transmitting material, 30 is a light-transmitting material, 40 is light that has passed through a light-transmitting material, and 50 is a plant.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, a light source 10 is placed in front of a plant leaf or other light receptor, the light quantity is radiated to the plant, the light 20 which does not pass through the light-transmitting material is filtered by a plastic film or a woven net with peach-red, precious-blue, blue or dark-blue color as a light-transmitting material 30, and the light 40 which passes through the light-transmitting material is irradiated on the plant 50, so that the spectrum range can be adjusted or kept to be a proper spectrum range, and the antioxidant substances of the plant can be improved.

Fig. 2 is a graph of peach (magenta) knit density 55% mesh as a function of photon flux density at different wavelengths, where 1 is the first test (sunlight) and 2 is the second test (55% mesh woven through).

Antioxidant activity and analysis of active ingredients

Under light, the papaya plants were placed in the control group (white transparent, 50% mesh weave density), treatment one (peach-red, mesh weave density greater than 55%) and treatment two (peach-red, 55% mesh weave density), and the light transmittance at each wavelength after passing through the three woven meshes is shown in fig. 3, the data of which is shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 light transmittance at each wavelength after passing through a net having a white weave density of 50% and a peach weave density of 55%

	Sunlight	White mesh 50% weaving density	Peach red net 55% weaving density
				400nm or less	100	76	56
400nm～500nm	100	78	59
				500nm～600nm	100	80	50
600nm～700nm	100	81	75
				700nm～800nm	100	82	78
Over 800nm	100	83	78
				340nm～850nm	100	80	65
400nm～700nm	100	80	62

The results are shown in table 3, the antioxidant index ABTS + clearance of the pawpaw fruit is the highest clearance of the sample treated by the pawpaw fruit, and the clearance can reach 62.68 +/-4.57%. As shown with respect to the results for the phenolic compounds,

the highest concentration of samples treated with one was 5.28. + -. 0.04mg of GAE/g, whereas ellagic acid was all <0.00625 mg/g. The ascorbic acid content falls between 0.4mg/g and 0.58mg/g, with the lowest control group having a concentration of 0.40. + -. 0.0031 mg/g. The content of anthocyanin is the highest of the first treatment, and the concentration is 1.61 +/-0.0054 mg/g. The results show that the knitted nets of the first treatment and the second treatment can improve the antioxidant substances and active ingredients of the pawpaw fruits. The method of the invention is also used for the vegetables and fruits such as grapes, various berries (strawberries, blueberries, red raspberries and the like), tomatoes, Hami melons, muskmelons, asparagus and the like to obtain the effects.

TABLE 3 Effect of different photopermeable materials on antioxidant substances and active ingredients of papaya fruits

Claims

1. A method for improving antioxidant substances in plants, comprising: (a) placing at least one light-transmitting material that adjusts or retains spectral wavelengths between a light source and a plant photoreceptor; and (b) light passes through the light-transmitting material. After the optical material is applied, the transmittance of the 340nm-500nm segment is lower than 59%; the transmittance of the 500nm-600nm segment is lower than 50%; and the transmittance of the 600nm-850nm segment is lower than 78%.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the antioxidant substance is ascorbic acid, various vitamins, anthocyanins, ellagic acid or phenolic compounds.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the light transmittance in the 340nm-500nm segment is lower than 59% by shading plants by a combination of single-layer, double-layer or multi-layer light-transmitting materials; and the 500nm-600nm segment The transmittance is lower than 50%; and the transmittance in the range of 600nm～850nm is lower than 78%.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein by controlling the color of the light-transmitting material and the ratio of each color, the light transmittance in the range of 340nm-500nm is lower than 59% for shading plants; in the range of 500nm-600nm The transmittance is lower than 50%; and the transmittance in the range of 600nm～850nm is lower than 78%.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the light-transmitting material refers to cloth, woven mesh, gauze, woven cloth, plastic cloth, plastic film, plastic paper, plastic board, heat insulation paper, glass, sunshade paint or non-woven.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the light-transmitting material is a plastic film or a woven mesh of pink, royal blue, blue, fuchsia or deep fuchsia.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the light-transmitting material is peach-colored and has a weave density of greater than 55% mesh.

8. The method of claim 1, which is used in a natural environment or a greenhouse.