Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a display panel capable of effectively suppressing middle gray scale whitening at a large viewing angle.
To solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a display panel including:
a display panel, the display panel comprising:
a first substrate and a second substrate;
an active switch formed on the first substrate;
a color filter layer formed on the first substrate or the second substrate;
the display control layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate;
the color filter layer comprises a plurality of color resistors, each color resistor comprises a first color resistance film and a second color resistance film, the first color resistance film and the second color resistance film are arranged on the same color resistor, and the thickness of the first color resistance film is larger than that of the second color resistance film.
Wherein the thickness difference between the first color resist film and the second color resist film is 0.3-0.5 μm. Therefore, when the backlight passes through the first color resistance film and the second color resistance film, a pixel light-transmitting dark area and a pixel light-transmitting bright area are formed, so that the display panel achieves the effect of low color cast, the display effect of the display panel is better, and the display quality of the display panel is further improved; the thickness difference between the first color resistance film and the second color resistance film can be realized by adjusting the traditional manufacturing process and using a multi-tone photomask aiming at the manufacture of the color filter layer, so that the break difference between the first color resistance film and the second color resistance film can be conveniently formed; compatible with the traditional process flow, only the developing process of the color filter layer is changed, and the multi-tone photomask can effectively control the thickness difference between the first color resistance film and the second color resistance film within the range of 0.3-0.5 mu m.
The orthographic projection area of the first color resistance film on the substrate is larger than that of the second color resistance film on the substrate. Like this, through the area proportion of the first look of appropriate adjustment resistance film and second look resistance film on a pixel for when the mould source that is shaded shines the colour and hinders, make the more even of display color of pixel, the condition of too bright or too dark can not appear, thereby the problem that the grey scale is whitish in effectual suppression guarantees the better display effect of display panel.
Wherein the ratio of the orthographic projection area of the first color resistance film on the substrate to the orthographic projection area of the second color resistance film on the substrate is 1.5-2.3 times. Like this, through adjusting traditional technology, use the multi-tone light cover technology in each pixel, hinder the orthographic projection area of membrane on the base plate with first look and second look and hinder the orthographic projection area ratio control of membrane on the base plate at 1.5 ~ 2.3 times, when the backlight passes through first look and hinders membrane and second look, form pixel printing opacity dark space and pixel printing opacity bright space, thereby make display panel reach the effect that the low look is partial, make display panel's display effect better, further improvement display panel's display quality, through the bright dark space area ratio of appropriate adjustment, can effectively suppress the problem of grey scale whitening in when the large visual angle.
The first substrate and the second substrate are arranged in parallel, and the color filter layer is arranged on the first substrate or the second substrate. Therefore, the display panel can be effectively applied to different display modes, the display panels of different display modes are improved in process, the problem of gray scale whitening in effective pressing can be effectively solved, and the display quality of the display panel is further improved.
The color filter layer is provided with a flat layer, and the flat layer is used for flattening the cross section of the first color resistance film and the second color resistance film. Therefore, the arrangement of the flat layer can effectively flatten the offset between the first color resist film and the second color resist film, so that the surface of the whole array substrate is flat and the subsequent processing is convenient to arrange, and particularly, the adverse effect of color filter layers with different thicknesses on the subsequent substrate manufacturing process is avoided; and the flat layer can also carry out effectual protection to the colored filter layer, can effectually avoid the direct corrosion of cleaner to the colored filter layer in the follow-up processing procedure, and effectual reduction scrap cost, effectual colored filter layer of avoiding receives the damage in the follow-up processing procedure to guarantee the higher yields of display panel, guarantee the better display quality of display panel, further improvement display panel's market competition.
The display panel comprises a flat layer, a first substrate, a second substrate, a display control layer and a display control layer, wherein the flat layer is provided with a first transparent electrode layer, the second substrate is provided with a second transparent electrode layer, and the display control layer is arranged between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer. Therefore, the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer can provide required voltage for the display control layer, and therefore the better display effect of the display panel is guaranteed; the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer can be deposited on the surface of the flat layer by physical vapor deposition or some sputtering deposition technique.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a display panel capable of effectively suppressing middle gray level whitening at a large viewing angle, comprising:
providing a first substrate and a second substrate;
arranging an active switch on the first substrate;
arranging a color filter material layer on the first substrate or the second substrate;
adopting a multi-tone photomask process to obtain color filter layers with different film thicknesses;
a display control layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
Like this, set up colored filtering material layer on the base plate, adopt the polychrome light shade to expose the development to colored filtering material layer, can effectually obtain the colored filtering layer that the different membrane is thick, through setting up the colored filtering layer that the different membrane is thick, the problem that colour cast appears in can effectual solution wide viewing angle for display panel can effectively suppress the problem that the grey scale is whitish in when wide viewing angle, makes display panel's display effect better, further improvement display panel's display quality.
The method for obtaining the color filter layers with different film thicknesses by adopting the multi-tone photomask process comprises the following steps:
obtaining a pattern of a color filter layer on the color filter material layer by adopting a multi-tone photomask process;
and processing the color filter material layer by adopting a developing solution to obtain color filter layers with different film thicknesses.
Like this, expose the development through the polychrome tone light cover to colored filtering material layer, thereby obtain colored filtering's pattern on colored filtering material layer, then adopt the developer to develop colored filtering material layer, obtain the colored filter layer of different thickness, thickness design through with first color resistance film is greater than the thickness of second color resistance film, the problem of colour cast appears in can effectual solution large visual angle, make display panel can effectively suppress the problem of grey scale whitening in the time of large visual angle, make display panel's display effect better, further improvement display panel's display quality.
The multi-tone photomask comprises an exposure unit, the exposure unit comprises a semi-transparent part and a full-transparent part, and the light transmittance of the semi-transparent part is 90% -95%.
Like this, every exposure unit corresponds the color resistance in a pixel region, the region of the last full portion of passing through of exposure unit corresponds first color resistance film, the region of the last half portion of passing through of exposure unit corresponds the second color resistance film, through the setting of exposure unit can effectual control first color resistance film and the thickness difference between the second color resistance film, make the thickness difference control between the two in the scope of 0.3 ~ 0.5 mu m, compatible with traditional process flow, only change the development technology of colored filter layer, can effectually practice thrift the transformation cost.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a display device capable of effectively suppressing middle gray scale whitening at a large viewing angle, comprising:
backlight module and as above-mentioned any display panel.
According to the invention, the thickness of the first color resistance film is designed to be larger than that of the second color resistance film, so that the problem of color cast in a large visual angle can be effectively solved, the problem of gray scale whitening in a display panel can be effectively suppressed in the large visual angle, the display effect of the display panel is better, and the display quality of the display panel is further improved; the pixel distinguishing effect caused by different color resistance thicknesses in the display control layer is utilized, the effect of low color cast can be effectively achieved, the color and the brightness of the display panel are more uniform, and the display quality of the display panel is effectively improved; simultaneously through being greater than the thickness of second colour resistance film with the thickness of first colour resistance film, can effectually save the consumptive material of preparation colored filter layer, further reduction display panel's manufacturing cost to better improvement display panel's market competition.
Detailed Description
Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative and are provided for purposes of describing example embodiments of the present invention. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, the term "comprises" and any variations thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
In the drawings, elements having similar structures are denoted by the same reference numerals.
The display panel, the manufacturing method thereof and the display device of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the embodiments of fig. 1 to 9.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a display panel includes:
a first substrate and a second substrate;
an active switch formed on the first substrate;
a color filter layer formed on the first substrate or the second substrate;
the display control layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate;
the color filter layer includes a plurality of color resistors 31, the color resistors 31 include a first color resist film 32 and a second color resist film 33, the first color resist film 32 and the second color resist film 33 are disposed on the same color resistor 31, and the thickness of the first color resist film 32 is greater than that of the second color resist film 33.
The thickness of the first color resistance film is designed to be larger than that of the second color resistance film 33, so that the problem of color cast of a large visual angle can be effectively solved, the problem of gray scale whitening in the display panel can be effectively suppressed in the large visual angle, the display effect of the display panel is better, and the display quality of the display panel is further improved; moreover, by utilizing the pixel distinguishing effect caused by the thicknesses of the different color resistors 31 in the display control layer 13, the effect of low color cast can be effectively achieved, the color and the brightness of the display panel are ensured to be more uniform, and the display quality of the display panel is effectively improved; meanwhile, the thickness of the first color resist film 32 is larger than that of the second color resist film 33, so that the material consumption for manufacturing the color filter layer 30 can be effectively saved, the production cost of the display panel is further reduced, and the market competitiveness of the display panel is better improved; the first color resist film 32 and the second color resist film 33 are arranged on the same color resist 31, so that the first color resist film 32 and the second color resist film 33 can be manufactured at the same time, the same materials and processes are adopted for setting, the production cost of the display panel can be effectively saved, and the display panel only needs to be manufactured at the same time by adopting a multi-tone photomask as required; the display control layer 13 includes a liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal display has a working principle that liquid crystal molecules are placed between two parallel glass substrates, and a driving voltage is applied to the two glass substrates to control the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules, so as to refract the light of the backlight module to generate a picture.
The thickness difference between the first color resist film 32 and the second color resist film 33 is 0.3-0.5 μm, the transmittance of the backlight passing through the first color resist film 32 is small when the backlight passes through the first color resist film 32 with the thickness of d1 to form a pixel light-transmitting dark area, and the transmittance of the backlight passing through the second color resist film 33 with the thickness of d2 is large to form a pixel light-transmitting bright area, so that the display panel achieves the effect of low color cast, the display effect of the display panel is better, and the display quality of the display panel is further improved; moreover, the thickness difference between the first color resist film 32 and the second color resist film 33 can be formed by adjusting the conventional manufacturing process and using the multi-tone mask 40 for manufacturing the color filter layer 30, so that the break difference between the first color resist film 32 and the second color resist film 33 can be conveniently formed; compatible with the conventional process flow, the multi-tone mask 40 can effectively control the thickness difference between the first color resist film 32 and the second color resist film 33 within the range of 0.3 to 0.5 μm by only changing the developing process of the color filter layer 30.
The orthographic projection area of the first color resistance film on the substrate 10 is larger than that of the second color resistance film on the substrate 10, and when a backlight module source irradiates the color resistance 31, the display color of the pixel is more uniform by properly adjusting the area ratio of the first color resistance film 32 to the second color resistance film 33 on one pixel, so that the condition of over brightness or over darkness is avoided, the problem of gray scale whitening in effective suppression is solved, and the better display effect of the display panel is ensured; when the liquid crystal display panel is applied to a Multi-domain Vertical Alignment (MVA) panel, because the Multi-domain Vertical Alignment panel makes the liquid crystal static not in a traditional Vertical manner but in a certain angle by using the protrusions, the liquid crystal static is biased to be static, the view angle is wider, the increase of the view angle can reach more than 160 degrees, and the problem of medium gray scale whitish when the large view angle is displayed can be effectively solved; the multi-domain vertical alignment panel is faster when a voltage is applied to change the liquid crystal molecules to be horizontal so as to allow the backlight to pass, thereby greatly shortening the display time and shortening the display response time.
Wherein the ratio of the orthographic projection area of the first color resist film on the substrate 10 to the orthographic projection area of the second color resist film on the substrate 10 is 1.5-2.3 times, by adjusting the conventional process, the ratio of the orthographic projection area of the first color resist film 32 on the substrate 10 to the orthographic projection area of the second color resist film 33 on the substrate 10 is controlled to be 1.5 to 2.3 times by using a multi-color tone mask 40 process in each pixel point, so that the transmittance of the backlight source is relatively low when the backlight source passes through the first color resist film 32 with the thickness d1, a pixel light-transmitting dark area is formed, the second color resist film 33 having a thickness d2 provides a high transmittance, thereby forming a bright light-transmitting region, thereby the display panel achieves the effect of low color cast, the display effect of the display panel is better, the display quality of the display panel is further improved, the problem of gray scale whitening in the middle can be effectively suppressed at a large visual angle by properly adjusting the area proportion of the bright and dark areas; and the light penetration rates of the color resistance layers with different thicknesses are different, and the light transmission area of the pixel can be divided into a bright area and a dark area, so that the effect of low color cast is achieved.
The substrate 10 includes a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are arranged in parallel, and the color filter layer 30 can be arranged on the first substrate 11 or the second substrate 12, so that the color filter layer can be effectively applied to display modes of different display panels.
An active switch 20 is arranged on the first substrate 11, the active switch 20 comprises a grid 21 arranged on the first substrate 11, a passivation layer 22 is arranged on the grid 21, a semiconductor layer 23 is arranged on the passivation layer 22, a metal layer 24 is arranged on the semiconductor layer 23, the metal layer 24 comprises a source electrode 25 and a drain electrode 26, an insulating layer 27 is arranged on the metal layer 24, the insulating layer 27 can effectively protect the active switch 20, direct corrosion of a cleaning agent to the source electrode 25 and the drain electrode 26 of the active switch 20 in a subsequent process can be effectively avoided, the source electrode 25 and the drain electrode 26 can be kept in good condition, the problem of wire breakage is reduced, the scrapping cost is effectively reduced, and the quality of a display panel is further improved; the source electrode 25 and the drain electrode 26 of the active switch 20 are made of metal materials, the side edges of the source electrode 25 and the drain electrode 26 have metal burrs from the view of a microstructure, and the insulating layer 27 can further protect the source electrode 25 and the drain electrode 26, so that the influence of subsequent processes on the source electrode 25 and the drain electrode 26 is effectively avoided, and the yield of the display panel is effectively improved; a color filter layer 30 is provided on the insulating layer 27, a planarization layer 16 and a first transparent electrode layer 14 are formed on the color filter layer 30, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are provided in parallel, a second transparent electrode layer 15 is provided on the second substrate 12, and a display control layer 13 is provided between the first transparent electrode layer 14 and the second transparent electrode layer 15.
An active switch 20 is arranged on the first substrate 11, the active switch 20 comprises a grid 21 arranged on the first substrate 11, a passivation layer 22 is arranged on the grid 21, a semiconductor layer 23 is arranged on the passivation layer 22, a metal layer 24 is arranged on the semiconductor layer 23, the metal layer 24 comprises a source electrode 25 and a drain electrode 26, an insulating layer 27 is arranged on the metal layer 24, the insulating layer 27 can effectively protect the active switch 20, direct corrosion of a cleaning agent to the source electrode 25 and the drain electrode 26 of the active switch 20 in a subsequent process can be effectively avoided, the source electrode 25 and the drain electrode 26 can be kept in good condition, the problem of wire breakage is reduced, the scrapping cost is effectively reduced, and the quality of a display panel is further improved; the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are arranged in parallel, the color filter layer 30 is provided on the second substrate 12, the planarization layer 16 and the second transparent electrode layer 15 are formed on the color filter layer 30, the first transparent electrode layer 14 is provided on the insulating layer 27, and the display control layer 13 is provided between the first transparent electrode layer 14 and the second transparent electrode layer 15.
The color filter layer 30 is provided with the planarization layer 16, the planarization layer 16 is used for planarizing the difference between the first color resist film 32 and the second color resist film 33, and the planarization layer 16 can effectively planarize the difference between the first color resist film 32 and the second color resist film 33, so that the surface of the whole array substrate is flat and the subsequent manufacturing process is convenient to set, and particularly, adverse effects on the subsequent substrate manufacturing process caused by the color filter layers 30 with different thicknesses are avoided; and the flat layer 16 can also effectively protect the color filter layer 30, so that the direct corrosion of a cleaning agent to the color filter layer 30 in the subsequent processing procedure can be effectively avoided, the scrapping cost is effectively reduced, and the color filter layer 30 is effectively prevented from being damaged in the subsequent processing procedure, so that the higher yield of the display panel is ensured, the better display quality of the display panel is ensured, and the market competitiveness of the display panel is further improved.
A first transparent electrode layer 14 is arranged on the flat layer 16, a second transparent electrode layer 15 is arranged on the second substrate 12, the display control layer 13 is arranged between the first transparent electrode layer 14 and the second transparent electrode layer 15, and for the liquid crystal display panel, the display control layer 13 is a liquid crystal layer; for the OLED display panel, the display control layer 13 is an organic light emitting diode, and the first transparent electrode layer 14 and the second transparent electrode layer 15 can provide a required voltage for the display control layer 13, so as to ensure a better display effect of the display panel; the first transparent electrode layer 14 and the second transparent electrode layer 15 can be deposited on the surface of the planarization layer 16 by physical vapor deposition, or some sputtering deposition technique.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic structural diagram of the pixel electrode, the color resistor 31 is disposed corresponding to the color resistor area 50 on the pixel electrode, the first color resistor film 32 is disposed corresponding to the first color resistor area 51 on the pixel electrode, and the second color resistor film 33 is disposed corresponding to the second color resistor area 52 on the pixel electrode, wherein the selectable color resistor 31 and the pixel electrode are disposed on the first substrate 11, or the color resistor 31 is disposed on the second substrate 12 which is relatively parallel to the substrate on which the pixel electrode is disposed.
As shown in fig. 9, in the embodiment of the pixel structure in which the color resistor is disposed on the array substrate, the color resistor 31 is disposed on the pixel electrode, and the ratio of the area of the forward projection of the first color resistor film 32 on the array substrate to the area of the forward projection of the second color resistor film 33 on the array substrate is 1.5 to 2.3 times.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a display panel capable of effectively suppressing middle gray level whitening at a large viewing angle, comprising:
s61: providing a first substrate and a second substrate;
s62: arranging an active switch on the first substrate;
s63: arranging a color filter material layer on the first substrate or the second substrate;
s64: adopting a multi-tone photomask process to obtain color filter layers with different film thicknesses;
s65: a display control layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
The color filter layer 44 is arranged on the substrate, the color filter layer 44 is exposed and developed by adopting the multi-color light-adjusting cover 40, the color filter layers 30 with different film thicknesses can be effectively obtained, the color deviation problem in a large visual angle can be effectively solved by arranging the color filter layers 30 with different film thicknesses, the gray scale whitening problem in the display panel can be effectively suppressed in the large visual angle, the display effect of the display panel is better, and the display quality of the display panel is further improved; and utilize the pixel that different look hinders 31 thickness in the display control layer 13 and cause to distinguish the effect, can effectively reach the effect of low colour cast, guarantee that display panel's colour and luminance are more even, effectual promotion display panel's display quality.
The multi-tone mask 40 may be divided into a Half-tone mask (Half-tone mask) and a Gray-tone mask (Gray-tone mask). The gray tone mask is used to make the micro-slit below the resolution of the exposure machine, and then the micro-slit part shields a part of the light source to achieve the effect of half-exposure. On the other hand, a halftone mask performs half exposure using a half-transmissive film. Since the above two methods can present three exposure levels of an exposed portion, a half-exposed portion and an unexposed portion after one exposure process, photosensitive material layers with two thicknesses can be formed after development. By using the color resistance thickness difference, the graphics can be transferred to the panel substrate with less number of sheets, and the improvement of the panel production efficiency is achieved; since the multi-tone mask 40 uses a smaller number of masks than usual, patterns can be transferred onto the material layer, and the multi-tone mask 40 which can shorten the panel process can improve the panel production efficiency. In addition, since the halftone can be expressed, the display quality of the display panel can be improved.
As shown in fig. 5 and 7, the method for obtaining color filter layers with different film thicknesses by using the multi-tone mask process includes:
s71: obtaining a pattern of a color filter layer on the color filter material layer by adopting a multi-tone photomask process;
s72: and processing the color filter material layer by adopting a developing solution to obtain color filter layers with different film thicknesses.
The color filtering material layer 44 is exposed and developed through the multi-color tone mask 40, so that a color filtering pattern is obtained on the color filtering material layer 44, then the color filtering material layer 44 is developed through a developing solution, the color filtering layer 30 with different thicknesses is obtained, the problem of color cast in a large visual angle can be effectively solved by designing the thickness of the first color resistance film to be larger than that of the second color resistance film 33, the problem of gray scale whitening in the large visual angle can be effectively suppressed, the display effect of the display panel is better, and the display quality of the display panel is further improved; and utilize the pixel that different look hinders 31 thickness in the display control layer 13 and cause to distinguish the effect, can effectively reach the effect of low colour cast, guarantee that display panel's colour and luminance are more even, effectual promotion display panel's display quality.
The multi-tone mask 40 includes exposure units 41, each of the exposure units 41 includes a semi-transmissive portion 42 and a full-transmissive portion 43, a light transmittance of the semi-transmissive portion 42 is 90% to 95%, each of the exposure units 41 corresponds to a color resist 31 of a pixel area, an area of the full-transmissive portion 43 on each of the exposure units 41 corresponds to a first color resist film 32, an area of the semi-transmissive portion 42 on each of the exposure units 41 corresponds to a second color resist film 33, a thickness difference between the first color resist film 32 and the second color resist film 33 can be effectively controlled by the arrangement of the exposure units 41, the thickness difference between the two films is controlled within a range of 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm, the multi-tone mask is compatible with a conventional process flow, only a developing process of the color filter layer 30 is changed, a backlight source has a small transmittance when passing through the first color resist film 32 with a thickness of d1 to form a pixel light-transmissive dark region, and has a large transmittance when passing through the second color resist film 33 with a thickness of d2, and a pixel light-transmitting bright area is formed, so that the display panel achieves the effect of low color cast, the display effect of the display panel is better, and the display quality of the display panel is further improved.
In the above embodiments, the display panel includes a liquid crystal panel, an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) panel, a qled (quantum Dot Light Emitting diodes) panel, a plasma panel, a flat panel, a curved panel, and the like.
Referring to fig. 8, the present embodiment discloses a display device 100. The display device 100 includes a control unit 200 and a display panel 300 according to the present invention, which is described in detail above by taking the display panel as an example, and it should be noted that the above description of the structure of the display panel is also applicable to the display device according to the embodiment of the present invention. When the display device of the embodiment of the invention is a liquid crystal display, the liquid crystal display includes a backlight module, the backlight module can be used as a light source for supplying sufficient light sources with uniform brightness and distribution, the backlight module of the embodiment can be a front light type or a back light type, and it should be noted that the backlight module of the embodiment is not limited thereto.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention that is presented in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the practice of the invention is not to be considered limited to those descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.