CN1074810C

CN1074810C - Hydraulic down-the-hole hammer capable of outputting high impact energy

Info

Publication number: CN1074810C
Application number: CN99100660A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢文卫; 苏长寿; 宋爱志; 孟义泉
Original assignee: PROSPECTING TECHNOLOGY INST MI
Current assignee: PROSPECTING TECHNOLOGY INST MI
Priority date: 1999-02-12
Filing date: 1999-02-12
Publication date: 2001-11-14
Anticipated expiration: 2019-02-12
Also published as: CN1263201A

Abstract

The invention comprises a shell, an upper valve, a punch hammer, a core valve and a lower joint, and is characterized in that the upper valve and the punch hammer are mutually inserted and matched, an energy storage stroke can be generated in a return stroke stage, the core valve, the punch hammer and the upper valve are mutually matched, a discharge channel is controlled to generate a fully-open and fully-closed state, the hydraulic energy can be effectively utilized in the return stroke of the punch hammer, and a lower cavity is in a low back pressure state during the stroke, so that the energy utilization rate is improved. The invention has the characteristics of simple and practical structure, large impact power, high drilling efficiency, low cost, simple equipment matching and the like.

Description

Hydraulic down-the-hole hammer capable of outputting high impact energy

本发明涉及一种用于地下坚硬地层中钻孔钻进及冲击夯管施工的液动潜孔锤，属于钻进机械技术领域。The invention relates to a hydraulic down-the-hole hammer used for drilling in underground hard formations and impact ramming pipe construction, and belongs to the technical field of drilling machinery.

目前现有可用于全面钻进施工且效率较高的风动潜孔锤，受自身限制很难用于深孔和富含水地层施工，而且能耗高、噪音大、设备配套昂贵，其冲击功虽然很高但其能量利用率也只有10％以下。At present, the existing pneumatic down-the-hole hammers that can be used for comprehensive drilling construction and have high efficiency are difficult to be used in deep holes and water-rich formations due to their own limitations, and they have high energy consumption, high noise, and expensive equipment. Although the work is very high, its energy utilization rate is only below 10%.

而普通液动潜孔锤，即冲击回转钻具仅利用液体水击作用，能量利用率低，因而不能够输出大冲击功，难以在全面钻进中产生体积碎岩。However, ordinary hydraulic down-the-hole hammers, that is, percussion rotary drilling tools, only use liquid water hammering, and the energy utilization rate is low, so they cannot output large impact energy, and it is difficult to generate volumetric rock during comprehensive drilling.

本发明的目的在于提供一种能量利用率高、冲击功大、设备配套简单且可用于深孔钻进施工的可输出高冲击功的液动潜孔锤。The object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic submersible hammer capable of outputting high impact energy, which has high energy utilization rate, large impact energy, simple equipment matching and can be used in deep hole drilling construction.

本发明的技术解决方案是：包括外壳1、上阀2、冲锤3、心阀4及下接头5，其特征在于，上阀2与冲锤3采用相互插入配合，可在回程阶段产生储能行程，心阀4与冲锤3及上阀2相互匹配，控制泄流通道11产生全开全闭状态，冲锤3内孔与心阀4配合面的下部设有径向排水孔13。使冲锤回程有效利用液能，冲程时使下腔处于低背压状态，提高了能量利用率。The technical solution of the present invention is: including the shell 1, the upper valve 2, the impact hammer 3, the core valve 4 and the lower joint 5, the characteristic is that the upper valve 2 and the impact hammer 3 are inserted and matched with each other, and the storage can be generated in the return stage. Can travel, the core valve 4 is matched with the hammer 3 and the upper valve 2, and the discharge channel 11 is controlled to produce a fully open and fully closed state. The lower part of the inner hole of the hammer 3 and the matching surface of the core valve 4 is provided with a radial drain hole 13 . The hydraulic energy is effectively used in the return stroke of the hammer, and the lower chamber is in a state of low back pressure during the stroke, which improves the energy utilization rate.

上阀2上部圆柱面与外壳1形成滑动密封配合。The upper cylindrical surface of the upper valve 2 forms a sliding sealing fit with the shell 1.

心阀4外圆柱面具有纵向平衡槽与冲锤3内孔形成滑动密封。The outer cylindrical surface of the core valve 4 has a longitudinal balance groove and forms a sliding seal with the inner hole of the hammer 3 .

心阀4轴向运动行程受冲锤内孔上变径台阶15限制。The axial movement stroke of the core valve 4 is limited by the reducing step 15 on the inner hole of the hammer.

心阀4下端锥面与冲锤内孔下变径台阶16形成线密封。The tapered surface at the lower end of the core valve 4 forms a line seal with the lower diameter-reducing step 16 of the hammer inner hole.

心阀内孔14直径为5-500毫米。The diameter of the inner hole 14 of the heart valve is 5-500 millimeters.

冲锤3与外壳1及下接头5的内孔为滑动密封配合。Punch hammer 3 cooperates with the inner hole of shell 1 and lower joint 5 for sliding sealing.

附图说明：Description of drawings:

图1为本发明的结构示意图Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention

图中1、外壳2、上阀3、冲锤4、心阀5、下接头6、上阀腔 7、上阀与冲锤间的轴向间隙8、冲锤通孔9、下腔10、冲锤的上台阶 11、泄流通道 12、上阀下死点 13、径向排水孔 14、心阀内孔 15、冲锤内孔上变径台阶 16、冲锤内孔下变径台阶。In the figure 1, casing 2, upper valve 3, hammer 4, core valve 5, lower joint 6, upper valve chamber 7, axial gap between upper valve and hammer 8, hammer through hole 9, lower chamber 10, The upper step of the hammer 11, the discharge channel 12, the bottom dead center of the upper valve 13, the radial drainage hole 14, the inner hole of the core valve 15, the upper diameter-reducing step of the hammer inner hole 16, and the lower diameter-reducing step of the hammer inner hole.

以下结合附图详细说明本发明；The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing;

图中上阀2上部圆柱面与外壳1为滑动密封配合，上阀2与冲锤3采用相互插入配合，心阀4与冲锤3及上阀2相互匹配，心阀4外圆柱面具有纵向平衡槽与冲锤3内孔形成滑动密封。心阀4轴向运动行程受冲锤3内孔上变径台阶15限制。心阀4下端锥面与冲锤内孔下变径台阶16形成线密封，心阀内孔14直径为5-500毫米。冲锤3内孔与心阀4配合面的下部设有径向排水孔13。冲锤3与外壳1及下接头5的内孔为滑动密封配合，下接头5与外壳1之间为花键或多边形的内外孔轴向滑动配合。其工作原理如下：通常上阀2和冲锤3处于下死点(图1所示)。当冲洗液通过钻具送入液动潜孔锤时到达上阀腔6，再经上阀与冲锤间的轴向间隙7进入冲锤通孔8；经过心阀内孔14时，由于过流面积减小产生压力差将心阀推到下死点(如图所示)，使下腔9封闭建立起压力，将上阀推到上死点，同时冲锤3也开始向上作加速运动；当冲锤上端面接触到上阀下端面并开始进入时使下腔9与上阀腔6断开，下腔9压力很快减小，上阀2在压力差的作用下向下运动直至其下端面与冲锤上的台阶10接触，此时冲锤3在上下活塞压力差的作用下进入减速阶段，二者共同减速上行至速度为零；与此同时心阀4由于无液流通过，由压力差产生的闭合力消失，其在自身惯性作用下与冲锤作相对运动，打开了下腔泄流通道11。冲锤3与上阀2开始向下作加速运动，下腔9的液体通过心阀打开的泄流通道11向外排出，此时冲锤的回程结束冲程开始；当上阀2到下死点12时停止运动，冲锤3仍继续向下作加速运动，此时上腔压力对冲锤向下的作用面积减小，冲锤加速度降低；当冲锤3继续运动开始与上阀2脱开时，冲锤与上阀间的轴向间隙7逐步打开，上阀腔6与下腔9连通，高压水通过冲锤通孔8时再次将心阀2推至下死点封闭下腔9，冲锤3开始进入减速冲程直至冲击下接头5后在面积差的作用下作向上加速运动，而此时上阀在压力差的作用下向上运动恢复到上死点等待冲锤的再次上行......冲锤的第二次冲击周期开始。如此往复进行。In the figure, the upper cylindrical surface of the upper valve 2 and the outer shell 1 are in a sliding and sealing fit. The upper valve 2 and the hammer 3 are inserted into each other. The heart valve 4 is matched with the hammer 3 and the upper valve 2. The outer cylindrical surface of the heart valve 4 has a The balance groove and the inner hole of the punch hammer 3 form a sliding seal. The axial movement stroke of the core valve 4 is limited by the diameter-reducing step 15 on the inner hole of the hammer 3 . The tapered surface at the lower end of the heart valve 4 forms a line seal with the lower diameter-reducing step 16 of the hammer inner hole, and the diameter of the inner hole 14 of the heart valve is 5-500 millimeters. A radial drainage hole 13 is provided at the bottom of the matching surface between the inner hole of the hammer 3 and the core valve 4 . Punch hammer 3 and the inner hole of housing 1 and lower joint 5 are sliding and sealing fit, and the inner and outer holes of spline or polygon are axial sliding fit between lower joint 5 and housing 1 . Its working principle is as follows: usually the upper valve 2 and the impact hammer 3 are at the bottom dead center (as shown in Figure 1). When the flushing fluid is sent into the hydraulic down-the-hole hammer through the drilling tool, it reaches the upper valve cavity 6, and then enters the through hole 8 of the hammer through the axial gap 7 between the upper valve and the hammer; The reduction of the flow area produces a pressure difference that pushes the core valve to the bottom dead center (as shown in the figure), so that the lower chamber 9 is closed to build up pressure, and the upper valve is pushed to the top dead point, and the hammer 3 also starts to accelerate upward. ; When the upper end surface of the hammer touches the lower end surface of the upper valve and starts to enter, the lower chamber 9 is disconnected from the upper valve chamber 6, the pressure in the lower chamber 9 decreases quickly, and the upper valve 2 moves downward under the action of the pressure difference until Its lower end surface is in contact with the step 10 on the hammer. At this time, the hammer 3 enters the deceleration stage under the action of the pressure difference between the upper and lower pistons. , the closing force generated by the pressure difference disappears, and it moves relative to the hammer under the action of its own inertia, opening the discharge channel 11 of the lower cavity. The hammer 3 and the upper valve 2 begin to accelerate downward, and the liquid in the lower chamber 9 is discharged through the discharge channel 11 opened by the core valve. At this time, the return stroke of the hammer ends and the stroke begins; Stop moving at 12 o'clock, and the hammer 3 continues to accelerate downward. At this time, the pressure of the upper cavity on the downward action area of the hammer decreases, and the acceleration of the hammer decreases; when the hammer 3 continues to move and starts to disengage from the upper valve 2 , the axial gap 7 between the hammer and the upper valve is gradually opened, the upper valve chamber 6 communicates with the lower chamber 9, and when the high-pressure water passes through the through hole 8 of the hammer, the heart valve 2 is pushed to the lower dead center to close the lower chamber 9 again, and the punching The hammer 3 starts to enter the deceleration stroke until it hits the lower joint 5 and then accelerates upwards under the action of the area difference. At this time, the upper valve moves upwards under the action of the pressure difference and returns to the top dead center, waiting for the hammer to go up again... ...the second impact cycle of the hammer begins. So back and forth.

本发明的优点是：The advantages of the present invention are:

由于上阀2与冲锤3间采用相互插入式配合结构，有效地将回程能量转化为冲程能量。避免冲锤回程对液动潜孔锤的有害冲击；心阀4与冲锤3及上阀2相互匹配，控制泄流通道11产生全开全闭状态，使冲锤回程能有效利用液能，冲程时使下腔处于低背压状态，提高了能量利用率。故本发明具有结构简单、实用、冲击功大，钻进效率高，费用低。设备配套简单等特点。Since the upper valve 2 and the hammer 3 adopt a mutual plug-in matching structure, the return stroke energy is effectively converted into stroke energy. Avoid the harmful impact of the return stroke of the hammer on the hydraulic down-the-hole hammer; the core valve 4 is matched with the hammer 3 and the upper valve 2 to control the discharge channel 11 to produce a fully open and fully closed state, so that the return stroke of the hammer can effectively use the hydraulic energy. During the stroke, the lower chamber is in a state of low back pressure, which improves the energy utilization rate. Therefore, the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, practicality, large impact energy, high drilling efficiency and low cost. The supporting equipment is simple and so on.

Claims

1, the hydraulic in-the-hole hammer of exportable HI high impact merit, comprise shell (1), go up valve (2), block stamp (3), heart valve (4) and lower contact (5), it is characterized in that, last valve (2) adopts to insert mutually with block stamp (3) and cooperates, heart valve (4) is with block stamp (3) and go up valve (2) coupling mutually, control current by pass (11) produces the standard-sized sheet full-shut position, and the bottom of block stamp (3) endoporus and heart valve (4) fitting face is provided with radially drain hole (13).

2, down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, last valve (2) face of cylinder, top forms slipper seal with shell (1) and cooperates.

3, down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, heart valve (4) external cylindrical surface has the longitudinal balance groove and block stamp (3) endoporus forms slipper seal.

4, down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, heart valve (4) axially-movable stroke is subjected to reducing step (15) restriction on the block stamp endoporus.

5, down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1 is characterized in that reducing step (16) forms linear sealing under heart valve (4) the lower end conical surface and the block stamp endoporus.

6, down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1 is characterized in that heart valve endoporus (14) diameter is the 5---500 millimeter.

7, down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1 is characterized in that block stamp (3) is that slipper seal cooperates with the endoporus of shell (1) and lower contact (5).