CN107462635A - A system and method for online evaluation of vibration aging effects based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors - Google Patents
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Abstract
基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统，包括上位机系统、任意波形发生卡、功率驱动器、激振器、声发射传感器组、前置放大器、主放大器、数据采集卡、支撑装置；激振器固定在工件的表面上，工件采用具有弹性的支撑装置进行支撑。基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价方法首先采用基于方差贡献率的数据层融合算法对采集到的声发射信号在数据层进行数据融合，然后采用小波分析法对融合后的声发射信号进行分析。本发明具有能够在线、可靠评价振动时效效果的优点。
On-line evaluation system of vibration aging effect based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors, including host computer system, arbitrary waveform generation card, power driver, vibrator, acoustic emission sensor group, preamplifier, main amplifier, data acquisition card, support device ; The vibrator is fixed on the surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece is supported by an elastic supporting device. The online evaluation method of vibration aging effect based on the information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors first adopts the data layer fusion algorithm based on the variance contribution rate to carry out data fusion on the collected acoustic emission signals in the data layer, and then uses the wavelet analysis method to analyze the fused acoustic emission Signals are analyzed. The invention has the advantage of being able to evaluate the vibration aging effect on-line and reliably.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及振动时效技术领域，特指一种基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of vibration aging, in particular to an online evaluation system and method for vibration aging effects based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors.
技术背景technical background
振动时效技术的效果评价是振动时效技术领域的关键问题之一。目前振动时效技术的效果评价方法主要包括：参数曲线评定法、残余应力测量法、精度稳定性检测法以及动应力判据法。The effect evaluation of vibration aging technology is one of the key issues in the field of vibration aging technology. At present, the effect evaluation methods of vibration aging technology mainly include: parameter curve evaluation method, residual stress measurement method, precision stability detection method and dynamic stress criterion method.
(1)参数曲线评定法(1) Parameter curve evaluation method
参数曲线评定法是根据振动时效过程中参数发生有规律的变化现象总结出来的，能够对振动时效的效果进行定性评价，所用的评价准则主要包括：振动时效过程中振幅时间曲线出现上升后变平、上升后下降然后变平；振动时效处理后扫频曲线的共振峰值比振动时效处理前升高；振动时效处理后扫频曲线的共振频率比振动时效处理前降低；振动时效处理后扫频曲线的带宽比振动时效处理前变窄。参数曲线评定法虽然是一种在线、直观、快速便捷的方法，但是采用参数曲线评定法评价振动时效效果时，只在工件上布置单个加速度传感器，由于加速度传感器采集回来的加速度信号容易受到外界因素的干扰，并且当加速度传感器出现故障时，会导致采集回来的信号并不是工件真实的加速度信号，而这些情形的出现都会导致参数曲线评定法无法准确可靠的评价振动时效效果。The parameter curve evaluation method is based on the regular changes in parameters during the vibration aging process. It can qualitatively evaluate the effect of vibration aging. The evaluation criteria used mainly include: the amplitude time curve rises and then flattens during the vibration aging process. , rise and then fall and then flatten; the resonance peak of the frequency sweep curve after vibration aging treatment is higher than that before vibration aging treatment; the resonance frequency of frequency sweep curve after vibration aging treatment is lower than that before vibration aging treatment; the frequency sweep curve after vibration aging treatment The bandwidth is narrower than that before vibration aging treatment. Although the parameter curve evaluation method is an online, intuitive, fast and convenient method, when the parameter curve evaluation method is used to evaluate the vibration aging effect, only a single acceleration sensor is arranged on the workpiece, because the acceleration signal collected by the acceleration sensor is easily affected by external factors. interference, and when the acceleration sensor fails, the collected signal will not be the real acceleration signal of the workpiece, and the occurrence of these situations will lead to the inability of the parameter curve evaluation method to accurately and reliably evaluate the vibration aging effect.
(2)残余应力测量法(2) Residual stress measurement method
为了准确的评价振动时效调控残余应力的效果，就需要准确地评估工件振动时效前后的残余应力，然而工件表层的残余应力分布情况，特别是一些复杂工件表层残余应力的分布状态，很难采用理论计算的方法进行分析求解，所以采用实验测量的方法评估工件表层残余应力的大小具有重要的现实意义。目前残余应力的实验测量方法主要包括：有损的机械测量法和无损的物理测量法，能够定量的评估工件振动时效处理前后的残余应力。机械测量法主要包括小孔法、切条法等；物理测量法主要包括X射线法、超声波法等。残余应力测量法属于离线的评价方法，只能在振动时效过程结束后对时效效果进行评价，并且残余应力测量法费用高，耗时长，在节奏快的生产现场不易应用。In order to accurately evaluate the effect of vibration aging on residual stress, it is necessary to accurately evaluate the residual stress of the workpiece before and after vibration aging. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to use the method of experimental measurement to evaluate the residual stress of the workpiece surface. At present, the experimental measurement methods of residual stress mainly include: destructive mechanical measurement method and non-destructive physical measurement method, which can quantitatively evaluate the residual stress of the workpiece before and after vibration aging treatment. Mechanical measurement methods mainly include small hole method, strip cutting method, etc.; physical measurement methods mainly include X-ray method, ultrasonic method, etc. The residual stress measurement method is an off-line evaluation method, which can only evaluate the aging effect after the vibration aging process is over, and the residual stress measurement method is expensive and time-consuming, and it is not easy to apply in the fast-paced production site.
(3)精度稳定性检测法(3) Precision stability detection method
精度稳定性检测法是通过检测工件振动时效处理后的精度来评价振动时效技术的效果，能够对振动时效技术的效果进行定性评价，主要包括长期放置精度法、加动载荷后精度法等。长期放置精度法是将经过振动时效处理后的工件长期放置并且定期检测工件的尺寸稳定性，具体操作流程是在放置15天时第一次检测，以后每隔30天检测一次，总的放置时间应该在半年以上；加动载荷后精度法是检测经过振动时效处理后的工件在动载荷作用后的尺寸精度的变化量。精度稳定性检测法也属于定性的评价方法，其中长期放置精度法测试过程耗时长，有很大的局限性。加动载荷后精度法虽然快速，但对测量设备精度要求高、操作困难，很难普及。The accuracy stability detection method is to evaluate the effect of vibration aging technology by detecting the accuracy of the workpiece after vibration aging treatment. It can qualitatively evaluate the effect of vibration aging technology, mainly including long-term placement accuracy method, accuracy method after adding dynamic load, etc. The long-term placement accuracy method is to place the workpiece after vibration aging treatment for a long time and regularly check the dimensional stability of the workpiece. The specific operation process is to check for the first time when it is placed for 15 days, and then check it every 30 days. The total placement time should be More than half a year; the accuracy method after adding dynamic load is to detect the change in the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece after the vibration aging treatment after the dynamic load. The accuracy stability detection method is also a qualitative evaluation method, and the long-term placement accuracy method takes a long time to test and has great limitations. Although the accuracy method after adding dynamic load is fast, it requires high accuracy of measuring equipment and is difficult to operate, so it is difficult to popularize.
(4)动应力判据法(4) Dynamic stress criterion method
上海交通大学的陈立功教授团队提出了动应力判据法，因为动应力作为振动时效过程中最重要的参数，必然与振动时效效果存在某种相关性。他们研究发现动应力与残余应力释放效果之间存在定量的非线性相关性，并通过数学回归分析和曲线拟合得到它们之间的近似函数关系DP-CH方程，可以在振动时效过程中在线检测动应力，实时定量判断振动时效的效果。但是动应力判据法是根据现场应用经验对动应力与时效效果关系的近似，评价精度低，且动应力测量与评估困难，振动时效技术国家标准尚未对其进行规定，此外影响动应力判据的因素很多，如材料微观组织、外界条件。因此，动应力判据法并不完善，还需进行大量的试验来建立动应力判据形式。The team of Professor Chen Ligong from Shanghai Jiaotong University proposed the dynamic stress criterion method, because dynamic stress, as the most important parameter in the vibration aging process, must have a certain correlation with the vibration aging effect. They found that there is a quantitative nonlinear correlation between the dynamic stress and the residual stress release effect, and obtained the approximate functional relationship between them through mathematical regression analysis and curve fitting DP-CH equation, which can be detected online during the vibration aging process Dynamic stress, real-time quantitative judgment of the effect of vibration aging. However, the dynamic stress criterion method is an approximation of the relationship between dynamic stress and aging effect based on field application experience. The evaluation accuracy is low, and the measurement and evaluation of dynamic stress is difficult. The national standard for vibration aging technology has not yet stipulated it. There are many factors, such as material microstructure and external conditions. Therefore, the dynamic stress criterion method is not perfect, and a large number of experiments are needed to establish the dynamic stress criterion form.
材料在受力过程中产生变形时，以弹性波形式释放出应变能的现象，称为声发射。利用检测声发射信号，对材料进行动态无损检测的技术，称为声发射技术。在振动时效过程中材料内部的位错会产生微观运动，从而导致材料产生塑性变形。综上所述，能够采用声发射技术对振动时效过程中的工件进行动态无损检测，并对检测到的声发射信号进行分析，以此评价振动时效是否产生了消除残余应力的效果。When the material is deformed during the stress process, the phenomenon that the strain energy is released in the form of elastic waves is called acoustic emission. The technology of dynamic non-destructive testing of materials by detecting acoustic emission signals is called acoustic emission technology. During the vibration aging process, the dislocations inside the material will produce microscopic motion, which will lead to plastic deformation of the material. To sum up, acoustic emission technology can be used for dynamic non-destructive testing of workpieces during vibration aging, and the detected acoustic emission signals can be analyzed to evaluate whether vibration aging has the effect of eliminating residual stress.
针对现有振动时效效果评价方法存在的不足，本发明提出一种基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统及方法，即建立基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统，用于对振动时效效果进行在线、可靠评价。In view of the deficiencies in the existing evaluation methods of vibration aging effects, the present invention proposes an online evaluation system and method for vibration aging effects based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors, that is, to establish an online evaluation system for vibration aging effects based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors , for online and reliable evaluation of vibration aging effects.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有振动时效效果评价方法存在的不足，本发明提出一种基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统及方法，即建立基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统，用于对振动时效效果进行在线、可靠评价。In view of the deficiencies in the existing evaluation methods of vibration aging effects, the present invention proposes an online evaluation system and method for vibration aging effects based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors, that is, to establish an online evaluation system for vibration aging effects based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors , for online and reliable evaluation of vibration aging effects.
基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统，包括上位机系统、任意波形发生卡、功率驱动器、激振器、声发射传感器组、前置放大器、主放大器、数据采集卡、支撑装置；激振器固定在工件的表面上，工件采用具有弹性的支撑装置进行支撑；On-line evaluation system of vibration aging effect based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors, including host computer system, arbitrary waveform generation card, power driver, vibrator, acoustic emission sensor group, preamplifier, main amplifier, data acquisition card, support device ; The vibrator is fixed on the surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece is supported by an elastic support device;
上位机系统控制任意波形发生卡输出幅值和频率均独立且连续可调的正弦激励信号；任意波形发生卡输出的正弦激励信号经由功率驱动器输入到激振器，驱动激振器产生振动；The upper computer system controls the arbitrary waveform generator card to output a sinusoidal excitation signal whose amplitude and frequency are independent and continuously adjustable; the sinusoidal excitation signal output by the arbitrary waveform generator card is input to the vibrator through the power driver, and the vibrator is driven to generate vibration;
声发射传感器组中的声发射传感器安装在工件上，声发射传感器组中的声发射传感器的输出端与前置放大器的输入端连接，前置放大器的输出端与主放大器的输入端连接，主放大器的输出端与数据采集卡的输入端连接，数据采集卡的输出端与上位机系统连接；The acoustic emission sensor in the acoustic emission sensor group is installed on the workpiece, the output end of the acoustic emission sensor in the acoustic emission sensor group is connected with the input end of the preamplifier, the output end of the preamplifier is connected with the input end of the main amplifier, and the main amplifier The output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of the data acquisition card, and the output end of the data acquisition card is connected with the upper computer system;
上位机系统包括获取数据采集卡采集到的声发射信号的声发射信号获取模块，基于方差贡献率的数据层融合算法编写模块，声发射信号融合模块，融合后的声发射信号存储模块，基于小波分析法的融合后的声发射信号分析模块，融合后的声发射信号分析结果存储模块，融合后的声发射信号分析结果显示模块。The upper computer system includes an acoustic emission signal acquisition module for acquiring the acoustic emission signal collected by the data acquisition card, a data layer fusion algorithm writing module based on the variance contribution rate, an acoustic emission signal fusion module, and a fused acoustic emission signal storage module. The fused acoustic emission signal analysis module of the analysis method, the fused acoustic emission signal analysis result storage module, and the fused acoustic emission signal analysis result display module.
进一步，支撑装置为弹性元件。Further, the supporting device is an elastic element.
进一步，声发射传感器组中包含的声发射传感器数目S为正整数，且S≥3。Further, the number S of acoustic emission sensors included in the acoustic emission sensor group is a positive integer, and S≥3.
本发明采用的传感器均为声发射传感器，为同类型传感器，因此声发射信号只需要在数据层进行融合，本发明采用的是基于方差贡献率的数据层融合算法。The sensors used in the present invention are all acoustic emission sensors of the same type, so the acoustic emission signals only need to be fused at the data layer, and the present invention uses a data layer fusion algorithm based on the variance contribution rate.
设某声发射传感器以某一采样频率在采样时间t内采集到工件的一个声发射信号数据序列M(k)，其离散的k个数据值分别为m1,m2,…,mk。定义数据值mi对在时间t内采集的数据序列的方差贡献率为Assume that an acoustic emission sensor collects an acoustic emission signal data sequence M(k) of the workpiece within a sampling time t at a certain sampling frequency, and its discrete k data values are respectively m 1 , m 2 ,...,m k . Define the variance contribution rate of data value m i to the data sequence collected in time t
式中：分别为离散信号M(k)的均值和方差。In the formula: are the mean and variance of the discrete signal M(k), respectively.
当有S个同类的声发射传感器在一定时长内同时采集k个声发射数据时，设声发射传感器s采集的第q个数据为msq，根据方程(1)，其方差贡献率可以表示为When there are S acoustic emission sensors of the same type that simultaneously collect k acoustic emission data within a certain period of time, let the qth data collected by acoustic emission sensor s be m sq , according to equation (1), its variance contribution rate can be expressed as
式中：μs、分别为s声发射传感器采集到的k个离散信号的期望值和方差。In the formula: μ s , are the expected value and variance of the k discrete signals collected by the s acoustic emission sensor, respectively.
根据不同测点声发射信号某时刻数据的方差贡献率，声发射传感器s采集的第q个数据msq分配的融合系数λsq为According to the variance contribution rate of the data at a certain moment of the acoustic emission signal at different measuring points, the fusion coefficient λ sq assigned to the qth data m sq collected by the acoustic emission sensor s is
则数据融合后q点的值为Then the value of point q after data fusion is
基于方差贡献率的数据层融合模型首先对S个声发射传感器在第q个数据点进行融合，得到Mq，然后对q＝1,2,…,k进行遍历，即可以得到融合后信号的时程曲线。The data layer fusion model based on the variance contribution rate first fuses S acoustic emission sensors at the qth data point to obtain M q , and then traverses q=1,2,...,k to obtain the fused signal time course curve.
基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价方法包括以下步骤：The online evaluation method of vibration aging effect based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors includes the following steps:
(1)、将工件与激振器固定连接；通过具有弹性的支撑装置对工件进行支撑，以便激振器对工件进行激振；将声发射传感器组中的声发射传感器安装在工件上；接通上位机系统与任意波形发生卡之间的信号连线；接通任意波形发生卡与功率驱动器之间的信号连线；接通功率驱动器与激振器之间的信号连线；接通声发射传感器与前置放大器之间的信号连线；接通前置放大器与主放大器之间的信号连线；接通主放大器与数据采集卡之间的信号连线；接通数据采集卡与上位机系统之间的信号连线；接通上位机系统、任意波形发生卡、功率驱动器、激振器、前置放大器、主放大器和数据采集卡的电源；(1), the workpiece is fixedly connected to the vibrator; the workpiece is supported by an elastic support device so that the vibrator can excite the workpiece; the acoustic emission sensor in the acoustic emission sensor group is installed on the workpiece; Connect the signal connection between the host computer system and the arbitrary waveform generation card; connect the signal connection between the arbitrary waveform generation card and the power driver; connect the signal connection between the power driver and the exciter; connect the sound Transmit the signal connection between the sensor and the preamplifier; connect the signal connection between the preamplifier and the main amplifier; connect the signal connection between the main amplifier and the data acquisition card; connect the data acquisition card and the upper The signal connection between the computer systems; connect the power supply of the host computer system, arbitrary waveform generation card, power driver, oscillator, preamplifier, main amplifier and data acquisition card;
(2)、上位机系统控制任意波形发生卡对工件进行扫频振动，从而确定振动时效的激励频率；(2) The upper computer system controls the arbitrary waveform generation card to sweep the workpiece to vibrate, so as to determine the excitation frequency of the vibration aging;
(3)、缓慢调节功率驱动器的增益旋钮使功率驱动器输出恒定的电流，驱动激振器对工件进行振动时效处理；(3) Slowly adjust the gain knob of the power driver to make the power driver output a constant current, and drive the vibrator to perform vibration aging treatment on the workpiece;
(4)、上位机系统中的声发射信号获取模块获取数据采集卡采集到的声发射信号；在上位机系统中的基于方差贡献率的数据层融合算法编写模块中编写基于方差贡献率的数据层融合算法程序；在声发射信号融合模块中对存储声发射传感器组采集到的声发射信号存储模块中存储的声发射信号进行数据融合；将融合后的声发射信号存储到融合后的声发射信号存储模块；基于小波分析法的融合后的声发射信号分析模块对融合后的声发射信号进行小波分析，并将融合后的声发射信号分析结果存储到融合后的声发射信号分析结果存储模块；融合后的声发射信号分析结果显示模块对融合后的声发射信号分析结果进行显示；(4), the acoustic emission signal acquisition module in the host computer system acquires the acoustic emission signal collected by the data acquisition card; write the data based on the variance contribution rate in the data layer fusion algorithm writing module based on the variance contribution rate in the host computer system Layer fusion algorithm program; in the acoustic emission signal fusion module, data fusion is performed on the acoustic emission signals stored in the acoustic emission signal storage module collected by the acoustic emission sensor group; the fused acoustic emission signals are stored in the fused acoustic emission Signal storage module; the fused acoustic emission signal analysis module based on the wavelet analysis method performs wavelet analysis on the fused acoustic emission signal, and stores the fused acoustic emission signal analysis result in the fused acoustic emission signal analysis result storage module The fused acoustic emission signal analysis result display module displays the fused acoustic emission signal analysis result;
(5)采用融合后的声发射信号小波分析后的特征频率对振动时效效果进行评价，当融合后的声发射信号经过小波分析后具有一定的声发射频率范围时，表明工件经过振动时效处理后产生了效果。(5) The eigenfrequency of the fused acoustic emission signal after wavelet analysis is used to evaluate the vibration aging effect. When the fused acoustic emission signal has a certain acoustic emission frequency range after wavelet analysis, it indicates that the workpiece has undergone vibration aging treatment. It had an effect.
本发明的技术构思是：由上位机系统、任意波形发生卡、功率驱动器、激振器、声发射传感器组、前置放大器、主放大器、数据采集卡以及支撑装置组成基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统；采用基于方差贡献率的数据层融合算法对采集到的声发射信号在数据层进行数据融合，然后采用小波分析法对融合后的声发射信号进行分析，当融合后的声发射信号经过小波分析后具有一定的声发射频率范围时，表明工件经过振动时效处理后产生了效果。The technical concept of the present invention is: composed of host computer system, arbitrary waveform generation card, power driver, vibrator, acoustic emission sensor group, preamplifier, main amplifier, data acquisition card and support device based on multiple acoustic emission sensor information fusion The online evaluation system of the vibration aging effect; the data layer fusion algorithm based on the variance contribution rate is used to perform data fusion on the collected acoustic emission signals in the data layer, and then the wavelet analysis method is used to analyze the fused acoustic emission signals. When the acoustic emission signal has a certain acoustic emission frequency range after wavelet analysis, it shows that the workpiece has produced an effect after vibration aging treatment.
本发明的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1、参数曲线评定法评价振动时效效果时，只在工件上布置单个加速度传感器，由于加速度传感器采集回来的加速度信号容易受到外界因素的干扰，并且当加速度传感器出现故障时，会导致采集回来的信号并不是工件真实的加速度信号，而这些情形的出现都会导致参数曲线评定法无法准确可靠的评价振动时效效果，而本发明以多传感器技术和信息融合技术为基础，构建基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统能够克服传统参数曲线评定法评价振动时效效果时存在的不足，从而实现对振动时效效果进行在线、可靠评价。1. When the parameter curve evaluation method is used to evaluate the vibration aging effect, only a single acceleration sensor is arranged on the workpiece, because the acceleration signal collected by the acceleration sensor is easily disturbed by external factors, and when the acceleration sensor fails, it will cause the collected signal. It is not the real acceleration signal of the workpiece, and the occurrence of these situations will lead to the inability of the parameter curve evaluation method to accurately and reliably evaluate the vibration aging effect. However, the present invention is based on multi-sensor technology and information fusion technology, and builds a sensor based on multi-acoustic emission sensor information fusion. The on-line evaluation system of the vibration aging effect can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional parameter curve evaluation method in evaluating the vibration aging effect, so as to realize the online and reliable evaluation of the vibration aging effect.
2、相比于残余应力测量法、精度稳定性检测法以及动应力判据法，本发明提出的方法能够实现对振动时效效果进行在线、可靠评价。2. Compared with the residual stress measurement method, the precision stability detection method and the dynamic stress criterion method, the method proposed by the present invention can realize online and reliable evaluation of the vibration aging effect.
3、本发明提出的基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统及方法对振动时效效果进行评价时不会对工件产生损伤，属于无损的评价方法。3. The vibration aging effect online evaluation system and method based on the information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors proposed by the present invention will not cause damage to the workpiece when evaluating the vibration aging effect, which belongs to the non-destructive evaluation method.
4、本发明提出的基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统对振动时效效果进行在线评价时，都是通过上位机系统进行控制，无需手动操作，减少了工作量，提高了工作效率。4. The online evaluation system for vibration aging effects based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors proposed by the present invention conducts online evaluation of vibration aging effects, all of which are controlled by the host computer system without manual operation, which reduces the workload and improves the work efficiency. efficiency.
5、本发明提出的基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统及方法能够实现对振动时效效果进行在线、可靠评价，为研究振动时效效果的评价方法提供了新的思路。5. The system and method for online evaluation of vibration aging effect based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors proposed by the present invention can realize online and reliable evaluation of vibration aging effect, and provide a new idea for studying the evaluation method of vibration aging effect.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统示意图。Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of online evaluation system for vibration aging effect based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors.
图2基于方差贡献率的数据层融合模型示意图。Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of data layer fusion model based on variance contribution rate.
具体实施方式detailed description
参照附图，进一步说明本发明：With reference to accompanying drawing, further illustrate the present invention:
基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价系统，包括上位机系统、任意波形发生卡、功率驱动器、激振器、声发射传感器组、前置放大器、主放大器、数据采集卡、支撑装置；激振器固定在工件的表面上，工件采用具有弹性的支撑装置进行支撑；On-line evaluation system of vibration aging effect based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors, including host computer system, arbitrary waveform generation card, power driver, vibrator, acoustic emission sensor group, preamplifier, main amplifier, data acquisition card, support device ; The vibrator is fixed on the surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece is supported by an elastic support device;
上位机系统控制任意波形发生卡输出幅值和频率均独立且连续可调的正弦激励信号；任意波形发生卡输出的正弦激励信号经由功率驱动器输入到激振器，驱动激振器产生振动；The upper computer system controls the arbitrary waveform generator card to output a sinusoidal excitation signal whose amplitude and frequency are independent and continuously adjustable; the sinusoidal excitation signal output by the arbitrary waveform generator card is input to the vibrator through the power driver, and the vibrator is driven to generate vibration;
声发射传感器组中的声发射传感器安装在工件上，声发射传感器组中的声发射传感器的输出端与前置放大器的输入端连接，前置放大器的输出端与主放大器的输入端连接，主放大器的输出端与数据采集卡的输入端连接，数据采集卡的输出端与上位机系统连接；The acoustic emission sensor in the acoustic emission sensor group is installed on the workpiece, the output end of the acoustic emission sensor in the acoustic emission sensor group is connected with the input end of the preamplifier, the output end of the preamplifier is connected with the input end of the main amplifier, and the main amplifier The output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of the data acquisition card, and the output end of the data acquisition card is connected with the upper computer system;
上位机系统包括获取数据采集卡采集到的声发射信号的声发射信号获取模块，基于方差贡献率的数据层融合算法编写模块，声发射信号融合模块，融合后的声发射信号存储模块，基于小波分析法的融合后的声发射信号分析模块，融合后的声发射信号分析结果存储模块，融合后的声发射信号分析结果显示模块。The upper computer system includes an acoustic emission signal acquisition module for acquiring the acoustic emission signal collected by the data acquisition card, a data layer fusion algorithm writing module based on the variance contribution rate, an acoustic emission signal fusion module, and a fused acoustic emission signal storage module. The fused acoustic emission signal analysis module of the analysis method, the fused acoustic emission signal analysis result storage module, and the fused acoustic emission signal analysis result display module.
进一步，支撑装置为弹性元件。Further, the supporting device is an elastic element.
进一步，声发射传感器组中包含的声发射传感器数目S为正整数，且S≥3。Further, the number S of acoustic emission sensors included in the acoustic emission sensor group is a positive integer, and S≥3.
本发明采用的传感器均为声发射传感器，为同类型传感器，因此声发射信号只需要在数据层进行融合，本发明采用的是基于方差贡献率的数据层融合算法。The sensors used in the present invention are all acoustic emission sensors of the same type, so the acoustic emission signals only need to be fused at the data layer, and the present invention uses a data layer fusion algorithm based on the variance contribution rate.
设某声发射传感器以某一采样频率在采样时间t内采集到工件的一个声发射信号数据序列M(k)，其离散的k个数据值分别为m1,m2,…,mk。定义数据值mi对在时间t内采集的数据序列的方差贡献率为Assume that an acoustic emission sensor collects an acoustic emission signal data sequence M(k) of the workpiece within a sampling time t at a certain sampling frequency, and its discrete k data values are respectively m 1 , m 2 ,...,m k . Define the variance contribution rate of data value m i to the data sequence collected in time t
式中：分别为离散信号M(k)的均值和方差。In the formula: are the mean and variance of the discrete signal M(k), respectively.
当有S个同类的声发射传感器在一定时长内同时采集k个声发射数据时，设声发射传感器s采集的第q个数据为msq，根据方程(1)，其方差贡献率可以表示为When there are S acoustic emission sensors of the same type that simultaneously collect k acoustic emission data within a certain period of time, let the qth data collected by acoustic emission sensor s be m sq , according to equation (1), its variance contribution rate can be expressed as
式中：μs、分别为s声发射传感器采集到的k个离散信号的期望值和方差。In the formula: μ s , are the expected value and variance of the k discrete signals collected by the s acoustic emission sensor, respectively.
根据不同测点声发射信号某时刻数据的方差贡献率，声发射传感器s采集的第q个数据msq分配的融合系数λsq为According to the variance contribution rate of the data at a certain moment of the acoustic emission signal at different measuring points, the fusion coefficient λ sq assigned to the qth data m sq collected by the acoustic emission sensor s is
则数据融合后q点的值为Then the value of point q after data fusion is
基于方差贡献率的数据层融合模型首先对S个声发射传感器在第q个数据点进行融合，得到Mq，然后对q＝1,2,…,k进行遍历，即可以得到融合后信号的时程曲线。The data layer fusion model based on the variance contribution rate first fuses S acoustic emission sensors at the qth data point to obtain M q , and then traverses q=1,2,...,k to obtain the fused signal time course curve.
基于多声发射传感器信息融合的振动时效效果在线评价方法包括以下步骤：The online evaluation method of vibration aging effect based on information fusion of multiple acoustic emission sensors includes the following steps:
(1)、将工件与激振器固定连接；通过具有弹性的支撑装置对工件进行支撑，以便激振器对工件进行激振；将声发射传感器组中的声发射传感器安装在工件上；接通上位机系统与任意波形发生卡之间的信号连线；接通任意波形发生卡与功率驱动器之间的信号连线；接通功率驱动器与激振器之间的信号连线；接通声发射传感器与前置放大器之间的信号连线；接通前置放大器与主放大器之间的信号连线；接通主放大器与数据采集卡之间的信号连线；接通数据采集卡与上位机系统之间的信号连线；接通上位机系统、任意波形发生卡、功率驱动器、激振器、前置放大器、主放大器和数据采集卡的电源；(1), the workpiece is fixedly connected to the vibrator; the workpiece is supported by an elastic support device so that the vibrator can excite the workpiece; the acoustic emission sensor in the acoustic emission sensor group is installed on the workpiece; Connect the signal connection between the host computer system and the arbitrary waveform generation card; connect the signal connection between the arbitrary waveform generation card and the power driver; connect the signal connection between the power driver and the exciter; connect the sound Transmit the signal connection between the sensor and the preamplifier; connect the signal connection between the preamplifier and the main amplifier; connect the signal connection between the main amplifier and the data acquisition card; connect the data acquisition card and the upper The signal connection between the computer systems; connect the power supply of the host computer system, arbitrary waveform generation card, power driver, oscillator, preamplifier, main amplifier and data acquisition card;
(2)、上位机系统控制任意波形发生卡对工件进行扫频振动，从而确定振动时效的激励频率；(2) The upper computer system controls the arbitrary waveform generation card to sweep the workpiece to vibrate, so as to determine the excitation frequency of the vibration aging;
(3)、缓慢调节功率驱动器的增益旋钮使功率驱动器输出恒定的电流，驱动激振器对工件进行振动时效处理；(3) Slowly adjust the gain knob of the power driver to make the power driver output a constant current, and drive the vibrator to perform vibration aging treatment on the workpiece;
(4)、上位机系统中的声发射信号获取模块获取数据采集卡采集到的声发射信号；在上位机系统中的基于方差贡献率的数据层融合算法编写模块中编写基于方差贡献率的数据层融合算法程序；在声发射信号融合模块中对存储声发射传感器组采集到的声发射信号存储模块中存储的声发射信号进行数据融合；将融合后的声发射信号存储到融合后的声发射信号存储模块；基于小波分析法的融合后的声发射信号分析模块对融合后的声发射信号进行小波分析，并将融合后的声发射信号分析结果存储到融合后的声发射信号分析结果存储模块；融合后的声发射信号分析结果显示模块对融合后的声发射信号分析结果进行显示；(4), the acoustic emission signal acquisition module in the host computer system acquires the acoustic emission signal collected by the data acquisition card; write the data based on the variance contribution rate in the data layer fusion algorithm writing module based on the variance contribution rate in the host computer system Layer fusion algorithm program; in the acoustic emission signal fusion module, data fusion is performed on the acoustic emission signals stored in the acoustic emission signal storage module collected by the acoustic emission sensor group; the fused acoustic emission signals are stored in the fused acoustic emission Signal storage module; the fused acoustic emission signal analysis module based on the wavelet analysis method performs wavelet analysis on the fused acoustic emission signal, and stores the fused acoustic emission signal analysis result in the fused acoustic emission signal analysis result storage module The fused acoustic emission signal analysis result display module displays the fused acoustic emission signal analysis result;
(5)采用融合后的声发射信号小波分析后的特征频率对振动时效效果进行评价，当融合后的声发射信号经过小波分析后具有一定的声发射频率范围时，表明工件经过振动时效处理后产生了效果。(5) The eigenfrequency of the fused acoustic emission signal after wavelet analysis is used to evaluate the vibration aging effect. When the fused acoustic emission signal has a certain acoustic emission frequency range after wavelet analysis, it indicates that the workpiece has undergone vibration aging treatment. It had an effect.
本说明书实施例所述的内容仅仅是对发明构思的实现形式的列举，本发明的保护范围不应当被视为仅限于实施例所陈述的具体形式，本发明的保护范围也及于本领域技术人员根据本发明构思所能够想到的等同技术手段。The content described in the embodiments of this specification is only an enumeration of the implementation forms of the inventive concept. The protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments. Equivalent technical means that a person can think of based on the concept of the present invention.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109613001A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-04-12 | 常州信息职业技术学院 | A signal receiving and processing device based on visual communication |
| CN113390963A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-09-14 | 西安交通大学 | Laser shock peening quality on-line monitoring method based on time window energy attenuation coefficient |
| CN113984392A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 深圳技术大学 | Online testing and evaluating method for vibration quality of electric drive assembly system |
| CN117647587A (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-03-05 | 浙江大学海南研究院 | Acoustic emission signal classification method, computer equipment and medium |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109613001A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-04-12 | 常州信息职业技术学院 | A signal receiving and processing device based on visual communication |
| CN113390963A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-09-14 | 西安交通大学 | Laser shock peening quality on-line monitoring method based on time window energy attenuation coefficient |
| CN113984392A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 深圳技术大学 | Online testing and evaluating method for vibration quality of electric drive assembly system |
| CN117647587A (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-03-05 | 浙江大学海南研究院 | Acoustic emission signal classification method, computer equipment and medium |
| CN117647587B (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-04-09 | 浙江大学海南研究院 | Acoustic emission signal classification method, computer equipment and medium |
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Application publication date: 20171212 |
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