CN107318567A - A kind of method of the peento disease control of green safety - Google Patents
A kind of method of the peento disease control of green safety Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G13/20—Protective coverings for plants
- A01G13/27—Protective coverings for plants protecting specific parts of plants, e.g. roots, trunks or fruits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
一种绿色安全的蟠桃病害防治的方法，其特征在于，其包括：果园的建设、合理施肥与排灌、合理剪枝和清洁、增加天敌的数量、合理施药和果实保护。本发明的方法维护了果园生态系统的平衡，充分发挥天敌的作用，以生物防治病虫害为主，生产出的果实绿色安全，果汁鲜美，鲜甜可口、营养价值高。A green and safe method for preventing and controlling flat peach diseases is characterized in that it comprises: orchard construction, rational fertilization, drainage and irrigation, rational pruning and cleaning, increasing the number of natural enemies, rational application of pesticides and fruit protection. The method of the invention maintains the balance of the orchard ecosystem, gives full play to the role of natural enemies, and focuses on biological control of diseases and insect pests. The produced fruit is green and safe, and the fruit juice is delicious, sweet and delicious, and has high nutritional value.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于果树种植领域，具体涉及一种绿色安全的蟠桃病害防治的方法。The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree planting, and in particular relates to a green and safe method for preventing and controlling flat peach diseases.
背景技术Background technique
当前，生产优质果品、保健果品已成为消费者的需要，果品生产正经历着一场由产量到质量时代的变革。在诸多影响果品质量的因素中，科学开展病虫害防治工作，提高以生物防治为主的综合防治水平，实现果园病虫害可持续控制的目标，对提高果品质量，确保果品生产安全具有十分重要的意义。At present, the production of high-quality fruit and health-care fruit has become the needs of consumers, and fruit production is undergoing a transformation from output to quality. Among the many factors that affect fruit quality, it is of great significance to scientifically carry out pest control work, improve the level of comprehensive control based on biological control, and achieve the goal of sustainable control of orchard pests and diseases to improve fruit quality and ensure fruit production safety.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种产量高的绿色安全的蟠桃病害防治的方法The object of the present invention is to provide a method for the prevention and treatment of green and safe flat peach diseases with high yield
为了实现上述的目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种绿色安全的蟠桃病害防治的方法，其特征在于，其包括：果园的建设、合理施肥与排灌、合理剪枝和清洁、增加天敌的数量、合理施药和果实保护。A green and safe method for preventing and controlling flat peach diseases is characterized in that it comprises: orchard construction, rational fertilization, drainage and irrigation, rational pruning and cleaning, increasing the number of natural enemies, rational application of pesticides and fruit protection.
所述的绿色安全的蟠桃病害防治的方法，其特征在于，其具体包括：The method for the prevention and treatment of flat peach diseases of described green safety is characterized in that, it specifically comprises:
（1）果园的建设：以3*4m的株行距种植7-7黄肉油蟠桃；在蟠桃树间套种牧草，牧草播种前对土壤进行耕翻，除去地面杂草结合整地并开沟，用腐熟有机肥作基肥，基肥用量为每亩2000kg；(1) Orchard construction: Plant 7-7 flat peaches with yellow flesh oil at a row spacing of 3*4m; interplant pastures between flat peach trees, plow the soil before sowing the pastures, remove ground weeds and prepare the site and ditch, use Decomposed organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the amount of base fertilizer is 2000kg per mu;
（2）合理施肥与排灌：a.花前追肥：于果树萌芽前10天，采用穴施法施肥，每亩施沼渣300-400kg，室肥后立刻浇水至浇透；b.花后追肥：在谢花后，果实如玉米粒大小时，及时松土，采用穴施法施肥，每亩施沼液400-500kg，无需浇水；c.果实膨大期：果实采收前30-45天，每亩可追施沼渣500-600kg，或沼液2000-3000kg，而后浇水，土面浇湿即可，浇水后要及时松土；(2) Reasonable fertilization and drainage and irrigation: a. Topdressing before flowering: 10 days before the fruit tree sprouts, use hole fertilization method to fertilize, apply biogas residue 300-400kg per mu, and water until thoroughly after the room fertilizer; b. Topdress after flowering : After the flower fades, when the fruit is as big as a corn grain, loosen the soil in time, use the hole method to fertilize, apply biogas slurry 400-500kg per mu, and do not need to water; c. Fruit expansion period: 30-45 days before the fruit is harvested, 500-600kg of biogas residue or 2000-3000kg of biogas slurry can be applied per mu, and then watered, the soil surface can be wetted, and the soil should be loosened in time after watering;
（3）合理剪枝和清洁：剪除害虫枝叶，将被寄生蜂、寄生菌寄生的枝叶留在树盘下，将天敌迁回果树；定期用水冲洗树干和树冠和清理病皮烂叶，避免蚂蚁的干扰，使枝叶不遭灰尘的污染，确保寄生蜂、捕食螨、寄生蝇这些天敌拥有良好的生长环境；(3) Reasonable pruning and cleaning: cut off the branches and leaves of pests, leave the branches and leaves parasitized by parasitic wasps and parasitic bacteria under the tree tray, and move the natural enemies back to the fruit tree; regularly wash the trunk and crown with water and clean the diseased skin and rotten leaves to avoid ants Interference, so that the branches and leaves will not be polluted by dust, to ensure that natural enemies such as parasitic wasps, predatory mites, and parasitic flies have a good growth environment;
（4）增加天敌的数量：通过人工繁殖天敌或从天敌发生多的果园，收集天敌，释放在果园内；(4) Increase the number of natural enemies: through artificial breeding of natural enemies or from orchards with many natural enemies, collect natural enemies and release them in the orchard;
（5）合理施药：在天敌的蛹、卵期施药，在天敌成虫期间减少用药，选择微生物源杀虫杀菌剂、植物源杀虫杀菌剂，有针对性选择使用低毒、低残留的化学农药；选用石硫合剂、阿维菌素、克螨特、螨死净防治红蜘蛛类害虫；选用吡虫啉、鱼藤酮防治蚜虫类害虫；选用灭幼脲、武大绿洲1号、BT乳剂防治食心虫类害虫；选用代森锰锌、甲基托布津、多菌灵、波尔多液预防和防治果园枝叶病害；(5) Rational application of pesticides: apply pesticides at the pupal and egg stages of natural enemies, reduce the use of pesticides during the adult period of natural enemies, choose microbial-derived insecticides and plant-derived insecticides, and use targeted selection of low-toxicity and low-residue insecticides Chemical pesticides: use lime sulfur, abamectin, gramite, and mite to control red spider pests; use imidacloprid and rotenone to control aphid pests; use diflubenzuron, Wuhan Daluzhou No. 1, and BT emulsion to control borer insects Pests: Mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, and Bordeaux mixture are used to prevent and control orchard foliage diseases;
（6）果实保护：在果实上套袋减轻了果实上病虫害的危害；在果园设置诱虫捕获装置捕获害虫；。(6) Fruit protection: bagging on the fruit reduces the damage of diseases and insect pests on the fruit; setting up insect traps and traps in the orchard to capture pests;
所述的绿色安全的蟠桃病害防治的具体方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中牧草为紫花苜蓿、夏至草、泥胡菜、菊苣、高羊茅、鸡脚草中的一种或多种。The specific method for the prevention and control of green and safe flat peach diseases is characterized in that the forage grass in step (1) is one or more of alfalfa, summer solstice grass, mud spinach, chicory, tall fescue, and chicken leg grass .
所述的绿色安全的蟠桃病害防治的具体方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中牧草播种量为每亩2-3kg。The specific method for the prevention and control of green and safe flat peach diseases is characterized in that, in the step (1), the sowing rate of forage grass is 2-3 kg per mu.
通过上述的技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：Through above-mentioned technical scheme, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
本发明的绿色安全的蟠桃病害防治的方法，其包括：果园的建设、合理施肥与排灌、合理剪枝和清洁、增加天敌的数量、合理施药和果实保护。本发明采用果树的牧草套种的方法和选用抗病虫害的7-7黄肉油蟠桃果树品种，不仅提高果园生态系统抵御生物灾害的能力，实现有害生物可持续控制，增加园内生物的多样性，增加草蛉、赤眼蜂、瓢虫等有益生物的数量，有效控制蚜虫类、螨类和食心虫类害虫，而且抑制了果园杂草的生长，改善土壤质量，有效减轻日灼病和缺磷、缺钙引起的生理病害；本发明合理施肥与排灌，保障果树强健，提高果树抗病能力，同时优化了果树生长的环境条件；本发明定期合理剪枝和清洁，一方面减少害虫的产生，另一方面确保寄生蜂、捕食螨、寄生蝇这些天敌拥有良好的生长环境。本发明采用增加天敌的数量和合理施药，减少农药对天敌的伤害，增加天敌的数量，充分发挥天敌的作用，生产出原生态的果实。本发明采用在果实上套袋，在果园设置诱虫捕获装置等措施，减轻了果实上病虫害的危害，生产出高质量的果实，提高果实产量。本发明的方法维护了果园生态系统的平衡，充分发挥天敌的作用，以生物防治病虫害为主，生产出的果实绿色安全，果汁鲜美，鲜甜可口、营养价值高。The green and safe flat peach disease control method of the present invention comprises: construction of orchards, rational fertilization and drainage and irrigation, rational pruning and cleaning, increasing the number of natural enemies, rational application of pesticides and fruit protection. The present invention adopts the method of pasture interplanting of fruit trees and selects the 7-7 yellow-fleshed oil flat peach fruit tree variety resistant to diseases and insect pests, which not only improves the ability of the orchard ecosystem to resist biological disasters, realizes sustainable control of harmful organisms, and increases the diversity of organisms in the garden, Increase the number of beneficial organisms such as lacewings, Trichogrammas, and ladybugs, effectively control aphids, mites, and borer pests, and inhibit the growth of weeds in orchards, improve soil quality, and effectively reduce sunburn and phosphorus deficiency. Physiological diseases caused by calcium deficiency; the invention rationally fertilizes and drains and irrigates to ensure the health of fruit trees, improves the disease resistance of fruit trees, and optimizes the environmental conditions for the growth of fruit trees; On the one hand, ensure that natural enemies such as parasitic wasps, predatory mites, and parasitic flies have a good growth environment. The invention increases the number of natural enemies and rationally applies pesticides, reduces the damage of pesticides to natural enemies, increases the number of natural enemies, fully exerts the effect of natural enemies, and produces original ecological fruits. The invention adopts measures such as bagging the fruit and setting an insect trapping device in the orchard to reduce the harm of the disease and insect pests on the fruit, produce high-quality fruit, and increase the yield of the fruit. The method of the invention maintains the balance of the orchard ecosystem, gives full play to the role of natural enemies, and focuses on biological control of diseases and insect pests. The produced fruit is green and safe, and the fruit juice is delicious, sweet and delicious, and has high nutritional value.
具体实施方式detailed description
本实施例的绿色安全的蟠桃病害防治的方法，其特征在于，其具体包括：The method for the green and safe flat peach disease prevention and treatment of the present embodiment is characterized in that, it specifically comprises:
（1）果园的建设：以3*4m的株行距种植7-7黄肉油蟠桃；在蟠桃树间套种牧草，牧草播种前对土壤进行耕翻，除去地面杂草结合整地并开沟，用腐熟有机肥作基肥，基肥用量为每亩2000kg；(1) Orchard construction: Plant 7-7 flat peaches with yellow flesh oil at a row spacing of 3*4m; interplant pastures between flat peach trees, plow the soil before sowing the pastures, remove ground weeds and prepare the site and ditch, use Decomposed organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the amount of base fertilizer is 2000kg per mu;
（2）合理施肥与排灌：a.花前追肥：于果树萌芽前10天，采用穴施法施肥，每亩施沼渣400kg，室肥后立刻浇水至浇透；b.花后追肥：在谢花后，果实如玉米粒大小时，及时松土，采用穴施法施肥，每亩施沼液500kg，无需浇水；c.果实膨大期：果实采收前30天，每亩可追施沼渣600kg，或沼液3000kg，而后浇水，土面浇湿即可，浇水后要及时松土；(2) Reasonable fertilization and drainage and irrigation: a. Topdressing before flowering: 10 days before the fruit trees sprout, fertilize by hole method, apply biogas residue 400kg per mu, and water until thoroughly watered immediately after fertilizing in the room; b. Topdressing after flowering: After the flower fades, when the fruit is as big as a corn grain, loosen the soil in time, and fertilize by hole fertilization, apply biogas slurry 500kg per mu, without watering; c. Fruit expansion period: 30 days before the fruit is harvested, the biogas can be topdressed per mu 600kg of slag, or 3000kg of biogas slurry, and then water, the soil surface should be wet, and the soil should be loosened in time after watering;
（3）合理剪枝和清洁：剪除害虫枝叶，将被寄生蜂、寄生菌寄生的枝叶留在树盘下，将天敌迁回果树；定期用水冲洗树干和树冠和清理病皮烂叶，避免蚂蚁的干扰，使枝叶不遭灰尘的污染，确保寄生蜂、捕食螨、寄生蝇这些天敌拥有良好的生长环境；(3) Reasonable pruning and cleaning: cut off the branches and leaves of pests, leave the branches and leaves parasitized by parasitic wasps and parasitic bacteria under the tree tray, and move the natural enemies back to the fruit tree; regularly wash the trunk and crown with water and clean the diseased skin and rotten leaves to avoid ants Interference, so that the branches and leaves will not be polluted by dust, to ensure that natural enemies such as parasitic wasps, predatory mites, and parasitic flies have a good growth environment;
（4）增加天敌的数量：通过人工繁殖天敌或从天敌发生多的果园，收集天敌，释放在果园内；(4) Increase the number of natural enemies: through artificial breeding of natural enemies or from orchards with many natural enemies, collect natural enemies and release them in the orchard;
（5）合理施药：在天敌的蛹、卵期施药，在天敌成虫期间减少用药，选择微生物源杀虫杀菌剂、植物源杀虫杀菌剂，有针对性选择使用低毒、低残留的化学农药；选用石硫合剂、阿维菌素、克螨特、螨死净防治红蜘蛛类害虫；选用吡虫啉、鱼藤酮防治蚜虫类害虫；选用灭幼脲、武大绿洲1号、BT乳剂防治食心虫类害虫；选用代森锰锌、甲基托布津、多菌灵、波尔多液预防和防治果园枝叶病害；(5) Rational application of pesticides: apply pesticides at the pupal and egg stages of natural enemies, reduce the use of pesticides during the adult period of natural enemies, choose microbial-derived insecticides and plant-derived insecticides, and use targeted selection of low-toxicity and low-residue insecticides Chemical pesticides: use lime sulfur, abamectin, gramite, and mite to control red spider pests; use imidacloprid and rotenone to control aphid pests; use diflubenzuron, Wuhan Daluzhou No. 1, and BT emulsion to control borer insects Pests: Mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, and Bordeaux mixture are used to prevent and control orchard foliage diseases;
（6）果实保护：在果实上套袋减轻了果实上病虫害的危害；在果园设置诱虫捕获装置捕获害虫；。(6) Fruit protection: bagging on the fruit reduces the damage of diseases and insect pests on the fruit; setting up insect traps and traps in the orchard to capture pests;
本实施例的步骤（1）中牧草为紫花苜蓿、夏至草、泥胡菜、菊苣、高羊茅、鸡脚草中的一种或多种。In the step (1) of this embodiment, the pasture is one or more of alfalfa, summer solstice grass, wild mustard, chicory, tall fescue, and chicken leg grass.
本实施例的步骤（1）中牧草播种量为每亩2kg。In the step (1) of this embodiment, the grass sowing rate is 2 kg per mu.
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