CN107266303B - 合成方法 - Google Patents
合成方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107266303B CN107266303B CN201710186057.9A CN201710186057A CN107266303B CN 107266303 B CN107266303 B CN 107266303B CN 201710186057 A CN201710186057 A CN 201710186057A CN 107266303 B CN107266303 B CN 107266303B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bicyclo
- mixture
- compound
- ethoxyhept
- methoxyhept
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VFJYIHQDILEQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylsulfanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[S+](C)C VFJYIHQDILEQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KDULJHFMZBRAHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cioteronel Chemical compound C1C(=O)CC2C(CCCCC(CC)OC)CCC21 KDULJHFMZBRAHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- TVWWMKZMZALOFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloroethenone Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=C=O TVWWMKZMZALOFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- DHOLRWVUMSEYNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5-methoxyheptyl)spiro[bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6,2'-oxirane] Chemical compound C12C(CCCCC(CC)OC)CCC2CC21CO2 DHOLRWVUMSEYNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BBKCAZJNOVFUEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,6-dichloro-4-(5-methoxyheptyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one Chemical compound CCC(OC)CCCCC1CCC2C(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)C12 BBKCAZJNOVFUEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- JLRSEZNMECHORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7-dichloro-4-(5-methoxyheptyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one Chemical compound CCC(OC)CCCCC1CCC2C(Cl)(Cl)C(=O)C12 JLRSEZNMECHORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- SSDAZTVJAXAJCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(CCCCC1C2CC3(OC3)C2CC1)CC Chemical compound COC(CCCCC1C2CC3(OC3)C2CC1)CC SSDAZTVJAXAJCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- HNHDVERBMSYLPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5-methoxyheptyl)cyclopentene Chemical compound CCC(OC)CCCCC1CCC=C1 HNHDVERBMSYLPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GMGBTXHWVCBYHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5-methoxyheptyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one Chemical compound CCC(OC)CCCCC1CCC2CC(=O)C12 GMGBTXHWVCBYHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DBRNILTYVLJOSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5-methoxyheptyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one Chemical compound CCC(OC)CCCCC1CCC2C(=O)CC12 DBRNILTYVLJOSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LQHMQGDIJRFYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5-ethoxyheptyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1h-pentalen-2-one Chemical compound C1C(=O)CC2C(CCCCC(CC)OCC)CCC21 LQHMQGDIJRFYLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- NALWQILWNUULSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5-ethoxyheptyl)cyclopentene Chemical compound CCOC(CC)CCCCC1CCC=C1 NALWQILWNUULSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- NLIAGGTWWPYQDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5-ethoxyheptyl)spiro[bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-7,2'-oxirane] Chemical compound CCOC(CC)CCCCC1CCC2C1CC21CO1 NLIAGGTWWPYQDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- CHGYMAMPALMZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5-ethoxyheptyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one Chemical compound CCOC(CC)CCCCC1CCC2CC(=O)C12 CHGYMAMPALMZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- JUKBLPFCSSPOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5-ethoxyheptyl)bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one Chemical compound CCOC(CC)CCCCC1CCC2C(=O)CC12 JUKBLPFCSSPOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- PMUZQUCIYRGBEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5-ethoxyheptyl)spiro[bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6,2'-oxirane] Chemical compound C12C(CCCCC(CC)OCC)CCC2CC21CO2 PMUZQUCIYRGBEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 43
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- RHLVCLIPMVJYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-octanone Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)CC RHLVCLIPMVJYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 21
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- -1 5-ethoxyhept-1-yl Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- FMCAFXHLMUOIGG-IWFBPKFRSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-formamido-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound O=CN[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O)CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C=C1C FMCAFXHLMUOIGG-IWFBPKFRSA-N 0.000 description 13
- FMCAFXHLMUOIGG-JTJHWIPRSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-formamido-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound O=CN[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O)CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C=C1C FMCAFXHLMUOIGG-JTJHWIPRSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- PVFOMCVHYWHZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl PVFOMCVHYWHZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N ethyl (e)-3-[3-amino-2-cyano-1-[(e)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\SC(=C(C#N)C(N)=O)S\C=C\C(=O)OCC NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- NHMJKYVPXYBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CC1=C(O)CCCC1=O NHMJKYVPXYBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene Chemical compound C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ICKVZOWXZYBERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-hydroxy enanthoic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)CCCC(O)=O ICKVZOWXZYBERI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compound IV Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010023330 Keloid scar Diseases 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
描述了通过使3‑(5‑乙氧基庚‑1‑基)环戊烯与二氯乙烯酮反应来合成6‑(5‑乙氧基庚‑1‑基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷‑3‑酮的方法。使所得反应产物与乙酸和锌反应以产生4‑(5‑乙氧基庚‑1‑基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷‑6‑酮和4‑(5‑乙氧基庚‑1‑基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷‑7‑酮,使其与三甲基碘化锍反应以产生2‑(5‑乙氧基庚‑1‑基)螺[双环[3.2.0]庚烷‑6,2’‑环氧乙烷]和4‑(5‑乙氧基庚‑1‑基)‑螺‑[双环‑[3.2.0]庚烷‑6,2’‑环氧乙烷]。使二者与碘化锂反应以产生目的产物。还描述了合成6‑(5‑甲氧基庚‑1‑基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷‑3‑酮的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2013年3月11日的申请号为201380074479.7(PCT申请号:PCT/IB2013/000360)、发明名称为“合成方法”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及合成化合物的方法,例如合成6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮或6-(5-甲氧基-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮的方法。
背景技术
化合物6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮(也称为乙氧基庚基双环辛酮或)是渗透到真皮中的非甾体化合物。CYOCTOLTM或6-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮是类似的化合物。这些化合物竞争性地抑制来自皮肤组织的成纤维细胞中的细胞间二氢睾酮(dihydrotestosterone,DHT)受体结合,并且已被研究用于治疗DHT介导的医学疾病,例如寻常痤疮(acne vulgaris)、多毛症、雄激素性脱发和瘢痕疙瘩疤痕(keloid scar)。
由于例如化合物的具有包括4个手性中心的双环结构,6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮的合成很复杂。所述合成包括多个反应,其中一些反应是昂贵或危险的。反应之一包括使用醚化重氮甲烷进行扩环反应,而醚化重氮甲烷由(N-甲基-N-亚硝基-对甲苯磺酰胺)和乙醇中的氢氧化钾产生。由于反应具有爆炸的可能性,因此重氮甲烷反应是高毒性且危险的。合成6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮和衍生物的方法在Kasha等的美国专利4,689,349中进行了描述。合成6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮的衍生物(6-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮或CYOCTOLTM)的方法也在Mulzer等,“Stereocontrolled synthesis of all eightstereoisomers of the putative anti-androgen cyoctol,”Tetrahedron 60:9599-9614(2004)中进行了推定性描述。
发明内容
公开了由3-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)环戊烯或其他原料合成化合物(例如6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮或甲氧基庚基双环辛酮)的方法。这样的方法包括使3-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)环戊烯与二氯乙烯酮反应以形成包含7,7-二氯-4-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-酮和6,6-二氯-4-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-7-酮的第一混合物。使第一混合物与乙酸和锌反应以形成包含4-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-酮和4-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-7-酮的第二混合物。使第二混合物与三甲基碘化锍(trimethylsulfonium iodide)反应以形成包含2-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)螺[双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6,2’-环氧乙烷]的第三混合物。使第三混合物与碘化锂反应以形成6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。
附图说明
图1示出了由2-甲基-1,3-环己二酮合成3-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)环戊烯;以及
图2示出了根据本发明的一个实施方案由3-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)环戊烯合成6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。
具体实施方式
公开了合成6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮的方法。本发明的方法提供了更加安全且较为便宜的产生6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮的方式。通过本发明方法合成的6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮可以以良好的产率产生并且具有适于在组合物中使用的纯度,所述组合物例如药物组合物或化妆品组合物。
本文中使用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“含有”、“以...为特征”及其语法等同形式是包括式或开放式术语,其不排除另外的未记载要素或方法步骤,但是也包括更具限制性的术语“由...组成”和“基本由...组成”及其语法等同形式。关于材料、结构、特征或方法作用时,本文中使用的术语“可以/可为指考虑将其用于实施本发明的实施方案并且这样的术语优先于更具限制性的术语“是”而被使用以避免任何暗示:应或必须排除可与其组合使用的其他相容性材料、结构、特征和方法。
可按照图1和2中所述合成化合物6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。图1描述了由2-甲基-1,3-环己二酮合成3-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)环戊烯(化合物IX)。图2描述了由化合物IX合成6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。
如图1的反应1和2中所示,可使2-甲基-1,3-环己二酮与氢氧化钠和硼氢化钠在水中反应,产生5-羟基庚酸(化合物IIA)和δ-内酯(化合物IIB),产率为约85%至约105%。除非另有指出或上下文另有说明,否则本文中使用的所有百分比和比例均是以总组合物的重量计。2-甲基-1,3-环己二酮可购自化学品供应公司,例如购自Sigma-Aldrich Co.(StLouis,MO)。反应1中的水解作用以高产率产生化合物I酮酸。化合物I的硼氢化钠还原以及随后的酸淬灭产生化合物IIA和化合物IIB的混合物,其中化合物IIB是主要形式。化合物I的羰基可被硼氢化钠还原,产生在化合物IIA的C-5位和化合物IIB的C-6位的R和S对映体的外消旋混合物。
如反应3中所示,可使化合物IIA和IIB与原甲酸三乙酯(triethyl orthoformate,TEOF)、乙醇和硫酸催化剂反应以产生5-乙氧基-庚酸乙酯(化合物III)。化合物IIA和IIB分别与指定的试剂反应以形成相同的产物,化合物III。化合物III可以以约50%至约80%的产率产生。在进行另外的反应之前,可例如通过蒸馏来纯化化合物III。
如反应4中所示,可使化合物III与氢化铝锂(lithium aluminum hydride,LAH)在四氢呋喃(tetrahydrofuran,THF)中反应以产生5-乙氧基庚醇(化合物IV)。化合物IV可以以约90%至约99%的产率产生。可在约-50℃至约室温(约20℃至约25℃)的温度下进行该反应。为了控制该反应,在一些实施方案中,在室温下进行该反应。如反应5中所示,可使化合物IV与甲磺酰氯(MsCl)和吡啶在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中反应以产生1-氯-5-乙氧基庚烷(化合物V),产率为约75%至约95%。
如反应6至8中所示,可使化合物V与金属镁反应以形成格氏盐(Grignard salt)5-乙氧基庚基氯化镁(化合物VI),使其与四氯合铜酸二锂(dilithium tetrachlorocuprate)反应以形成二锂代铜酸盐复合物(dilithio cuprate complex)。可使二锂代铜酸盐复合物与3-氯环戊烯(化合物VIII)偶联以形成3-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)环戊烯(化合物IX),产率为约55%至约85%。如反应6和7中所示,化合物VIII可由环戊烯(化合物VII)合成,而环戊烯可由二环戊二烯合成。二环戊二烯可购自化学品供应公司,例如购自Sigma-Aldrich Co.(St Louis,MO)。对二环戊二烯进行热裂解和蒸馏产生单体环戊二烯,将其用盐酸处理以得到化合物VIII。
在进行至下一反应之前,可处理(work up)、纯化并分离反应1至8中所产生的化合物I至IX中的每一种。可通过常规技术处理、纯化和分离化合物I至IX,在本文中不对其进行详细描述。在一些实施方案中,可通过Kasha等的美国专利4,689,349中所述的方法合成化合物I至IX。
参考图2,如反应9中所示,可使化合物IX与二氯乙烯酮反应。二氯乙烯酮由三氯乙酰氯和锌原位生成。向化合物IX环加成二氯乙烯酮产生外和内7,7-二氯-4-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-酮以及外和内6,6-二氯-4-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-7-酮的混合物,在本文中将该混合物统称为化合物X。反应9以基本类似的量产生化合物X的两种异构体。为了产生化合物X,可将化合物IX溶解于有机溶剂(例如乙醚)中。然而,也可使用其他有机溶剂,例如二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、乙腈、四氢呋喃以及任何类似的溶剂。可向化合物IX的溶液添加锌粉。对于每摩尔当量的化合物IX,反应9中可使用约1.0摩尔当量至约3.0摩尔当量的锌粉,例如约1.4摩尔当量至约1.8摩尔当量。在某些实施方案中,每摩尔当量的化合物IX可使用约1.6摩尔当量的锌粉。可将锌粉与化合物IX之溶液的混合物加热至刚好低于有机溶剂回流温度的温度。可将三氯乙酰氯用有机溶剂(例如乙醚)稀释,并将三氯乙酰氯溶液缓慢添加至锌粉与化合物IX之溶液的混合物。然而,也可使用其他有机溶剂。对于每摩尔当量的化合物IX,反应9中可使用约1.0摩尔当量至约3.0当量(例如约1.2摩尔当量至约1.6摩尔当量)的三氯乙酰氯。在某些实施方案中,每摩尔当量的化合物IX使用约1.4摩尔当量的三氯乙酰氯。在添加期间,反应混合物可开始剧烈回流。可在约1小时至约2小时的时间段内将三氯乙酰氯溶液添加至锌粉与化合物IX之溶液的混合物。在添加三氯乙酰氯溶液之后,可在回流下将反应混合物搅拌足以使反应进行完全的时间量,例如约10分钟至约60分钟。然后,可将反应混合物冷却、过滤、进行至少一次液:液萃取、干燥、过滤、浓缩并纯化以产生作为无色油状物的化合物X。例如,可将反应混合物冷却至室温并通过硅藻土(例如可以以商品名获得的硅藻土)过滤。可将滤饼用有机溶剂(例如乙醚)清洗。然而,也可使用其他有机溶剂。将有机溶剂层合并并用例如水洗涤。然后,将有机相层与碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)的饱和水溶液一起搅拌例如约1小时。在将有机相层与水相层分离之后,可将有机层用盐水洗涤、经硫酸钠(Na2SO4)干燥、通过二氧化硅过滤并在真空中浓缩。可将所得残余物通过例如球对球蒸馏(bulb tobulb distillation)纯化以产生作为无色油状物的化合物X。
如反应10中所示,可使化合物X与乙酸和锌反应以产生外和内4-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-酮以及外和内4-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-7-酮的混合物,在本文中将该混合物统称为化合物XII。反应10以基本类似的量产生化合物XII的两种异构体。在反应10中,可以以粗制形式(即,不进行蒸馏)使用化合物X,这样降低化合物X的分解。由于反应9之后存在剩余的来自锌或酰氯的残余物,认为蒸馏过程中的加热(在高于200℃的温度下)可引起化合物X分解。在反应10中,可将锌分批添加至化合物X的乙酸溶液。可使用相对于化合物X而言过量的锌。例如,每摩尔当量的化合物X可使用约2摩尔当量至约12摩尔当量的锌,例如约5摩尔当量至约10摩尔当量。在某些实施方案中,每摩尔当量的化合物X使用约9.8摩尔当量的锌。可在约10℃至约20℃的温度下将锌添加至化合物X的溶液。添加锌引起反应温度升高,在添加锌之后,可搅拌反应混合物例如约1小时。将反应混合物过滤、浓缩、进行至少一次液:液萃取、干燥、过滤、浓缩并纯化以产生作为无色油状物的化合物XII。例如,可将反应混合物通过可以以商品名获得的硅藻土过滤,并将滤液在真空中浓缩,产生残余物。将所得残余物在庚烷与水之间分配。可分离有机相层和水相层,并将有机相层用NaHCO3/盐水的水溶液洗涤。将有机相层经Na2SO4干燥并添加有机溶剂,例如乙酸乙酯。然而,也可使用其他有机溶剂。可将反应混合物通过(例如二氧化硅)过滤并将滤液浓缩。可将所得残余物通过例如球对球蒸馏纯化以产生作为无色油状物的化合物XII。化合物XH以高于约55%的产率产生。化合物XII是稳定的并且可对其进行蒸馏。
如反应11中所示,可使化合物XII与三甲基碘化锍反应以产生4-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)螺[双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6,2’-环氧乙烷]和2-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)螺[双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6,2’-环氧乙烷]的混合物,在本文中将该混合物统称为化合物XIII。反应11以基本类似的量产生化合物XIII的两种异构体。化合物XIII是热稳定的并且可对其进行分离。可将氢化钠添加至有机溶剂(例如二甲基亚砜(DMSO))、加热至约50℃至与约60℃的温度并冷却至室温。然而,也可使用其他有机溶剂。在反应11中,每摩尔当量的化合物XII可使用约1摩尔当量至约3摩尔当量的氢化钠,例如约1.2摩尔当量。在冷却之后,可添加THF或其他有机溶剂并将氢化钠溶液冷却至-5℃。将三甲基碘化锍以单批次添加至经冷却的氢化钠溶液。在反应11中,每摩尔当量的化合物XII可使用约1摩尔当量至约3摩尔当量的三甲基碘化锍,例如约1.2摩尔当量。在移出冷却源之后,可将THF或其他有机溶剂与化合物XII合并。将化合物XII和THF添加至含有氢化钠和三甲基碘化锍的溶液,使反应混合物的温度升高。可在搅拌下使反应混合物反应足以使反应进行完全的时间量,在此期间反应混合物的温度可上升至约室温。可向反应混合物添加水,之后进行至少一次液:液萃取、干燥、过滤并浓缩以产生作为无色油状物的化合物XIII。例如,可将反应混合物倒入水中并用有机溶剂(例如庚烷)萃取。将有机相层用水洗涤并用水性盐水溶液洗涤。可添加有机溶剂(例如乙酸乙酯)并将溶液经Na2SO4干燥。可将溶液例如通过二氧化硅过滤并将滤液浓缩,产生作为无色油状物的化合物XIII。化合物XIII可以以高于约90%的产率产生。
如反应12中所示,可使碘化锂与化合物XIII反应以产生作为主要产物的6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。由于终产物的对称性,可使化合物XIII的两种异构体与碘化锂反应以产生6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。在反应12中,每摩尔当量的化合物XIII可使用约1摩尔当量至约3摩尔当量的碘化锂,例如约1.2摩尔当量。本发明的方法可以以良好的产率和纯度产生6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮的外消旋混合物。可将碘化锂的THF溶液分批添加至化合物XHI的THF溶液。反应12中也可使用除碘化锂之外的路易斯酸。反应12中也可使用另一种有机溶剂,例如DMSO或二氯甲烷。由于该反应是放热的,可利用冰浴将反应混合物冷却至室温。反应温度可在约10℃至约25℃之间变化。可将反应混合物搅拌足以使反应进行完全的时间量,例如约1小时至约3小时。一旦反应进行完全,可添加水并用有机溶剂(例如庚烷)对反应混合物进行至少一次液:液萃取。可将有机相层洗涤、干燥、过滤并纯化以产生作为油状物的6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。例如,可向反应混合物添加水并将反应混合物用庚烷萃取。可将有机相层用水性盐水溶液洗涤、经Na2SO4干燥并通过二氧化硅过滤。将二氧化硅用庚烷中的20%乙酸乙酯清洗,并将其浓缩以提供作为油状物的6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。可通过色谱对油进行进一步纯化以产生纯6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮,产率高于约20%,例如高于约40%。通过气相色谱耦合质谱(GC/MS)分析,6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮的纯度可高于约99%。通过核磁共振(NMR)分析,6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮的纯度可高于约95%,并且通过手性气相色谱(GC)分析,其纯度可高于85%。
类似的方法还可用于合成6-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮或CYOCTOLTM。CYOCTOLTM是在C-5位具有甲氧基而非乙氧基的衍生物。CYOCTOLTM可以以与上文所述的方式类似的方式合成。
如果期望对6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮进行另外的纯化,可通过常规技术(例如通过色谱)来实现所述纯化。
由于6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮具有4个手心中心,通过本发明方法合成的6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮在理论上可包括多达16个不同的异构体。然而,6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0l辛烷-3-酮中有两个五元环是顺式稠合的,因为C-3a和C-6a处的两个手心中心彼此相连。因此,本发明的方法可产生6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮的多至8种不同异构体的外消旋混合物。
在一些实施方案中,可将根据上文所述产生的化合物6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮配制成适用于局部施用的组合物,例如药物组合物或化妆品组合物。例如,可将6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮配制成油膏(salve)、乳膏、软膏、洗剂、凝胶剂、泡沫剂、分散剂、摩丝(mousse)、溶液剂、气雾剂、混悬剂或乳剂。还可将6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮掺入多种化妆产品中,包括但不限于:固体、半固体和液体化妆品(例如,粉底(foundation)、眼部化妆品(eye makeup)和唇部护理品(liptreatment))、卸妆剂、除臭剂和止汗剂、肥皂、沐浴品(例如,油或盐)、护发品、防晒品、刮脸洗剂和婴儿产品。还可将6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮配制成适用于经口施用的组合物,例如片剂或胶囊剂。
6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮可以以治疗有效量存在于组合物中,治疗有效量是当被施用于患者用于治疗或预防医学疾病或病症时足以实现这样的治疗或预防医学疾病或病症的该化合物量。在某些实施方案中,6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮可以以约按重量计0.01%至约按重量计5%的浓度存在于组合物中。例如,6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮可用于治疗或预防DHT介导的医学疾病,例如寻常痤疮、多毛症、雄激素性脱发或瘢痕疙瘩疤痕。
组合物还可包含可药用载剂,其可起稀释剂、分散剂或溶剂的作用。可药用载剂是这样的物质,其是无毒的、生物可耐受的、与6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮相容并且另外在生物上适用于向患者施用。可药用载剂可被添加至化合物或者以其他方式用作载剂、载体或稀释剂以有利于施用6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。可药用载剂可包括但不限于:水、盐水、磷酸缓冲盐水、汉克液(Hank’s solution)、林格液(Ringer’s solution)、右旋糖/盐水,或葡萄糖、乳糖或蔗糖溶液。组合物还可包含可药用赋形剂,例如淀粉、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、明胶、麦芽、稻、面粉、白垩、硅胶、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钠、单硬脂酸甘油酯、滑石、氯化钠、脱脂乳、甘油、丙二醇、水或乙醇。
任选地,组合物可包含少量其他成分,例如吸收剂、研磨剂、抗结块剂、消泡剂、抗微生物剂、粘合剂、生物添加剂、缓冲剂、填充剂、化学添加剂、化妆品杀微生物剂(cosmeticbiocide)、变性剂、化妆品收敛剂、药品收敛剂、外部止痛剂、成膜剂、遮光剂、精油、皮肤感觉剂(skin sensate)、软化剂(emollient)、皮肤安抚剂(skin soothing agent)、皮肤愈合剂、增塑剂、防腐剂、防腐剂增强剂、抛射剂、还原剂、皮肤调理剂、皮肤渗透增强剂、护肤剂、溶剂、助悬剂、乳化剂、增调剂、增溶剂、防晒剂(sunscreen)、遮阳剂(sun-block)、紫外光吸收剂或散射剂、无日照晒黑剂(sunless tanning agent)、螯合剂、多价螯合剂(sequestrant)、脱毛剂、脱屑剂(desquamation agent)/剥离剂(exfoliant)、有机羟基酸或天然提取物。
下列实施例用于对本发明的一些实施方案进行更详细地说明。这些实施例不应被解释为对本发明的范围是详尽无遗或排他性的。
实施例
用于合成6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮的溶剂和试剂均购自商业来源,例如购自Sigma-Aldrich Co.(St Louis,MO,US)或其他化学品供应公司。所使用的溶剂和试剂均是试剂级的或更高。
实施例I
由化合物IX合成化合物X
向乙醚(250ml)中的化合物IX(35.2g,0.168mol)添加锌粉(17.5g,0.268mol)。将混合物加热至刚好低于回流温度。将三氯乙酰氯(26.3ml,0.234mol)用乙醚稀释至100ml并将该溶液逐滴添加至含有化合物IX的混合物。约1分钟后,反应混合物开始剧烈回流。添加三氯乙酰氯溶液需要约90分钟。完成添加后,继续在回流下搅拌约30分钟。将反应混合物冷却至室温并通过硅藻土过滤。将滤饼用乙醚清洗。将合并的有机相层用水洗涤两次并将有机相层与NaHCO3的饱和水溶液一起搅拌约1小时。在将层分离之后,将有机相层用盐水洗涤、经Na2SO4干燥、通过短二氧化硅塞过滤并在真空中浓缩。将残余物通过球对球蒸馏纯化(0.03mmHg,180℃至200℃)以产生约45g无色油状物。
实施例II
由化合物X合成化合物XII
在约15℃下,在约45分钟内以小份向化合物X(30g,0.093mol)的乙酸(250ml)溶液添加锌(60g,0.91mol)。温度上升至约25℃。完成添加之后,将混合物搅拌约1小时。将反应混合物通过硅藻土过滤并将滤液在真空中浓缩。将残余物在庚烷(250ml)与水之间分配。将有机相层和水相层分离并将有机相层用NaHCO3饱和水溶液/盐水洗涤两次、经Na2SO4干燥,之后添加50ml乙酸乙酯。将混合物通过二氧化硅过滤并浓缩滤液。将残余物通过球对球蒸馏纯化(0.02mmHg,140℃)以产生约14.5g无色油状物(0.0575mol,产率62%)。
实施例III
由化合物XII合成化合物XlII
向DMSO(100ml)添加NaH(2.7g,油中60%,67.4mmol)。将混合物温热至55℃并搅拌约1.5小时。将混合物冷却至室温后,添加THF(100ml)并将混合物冷却至-5℃。一次性添加三甲基碘化锍(13.7g,67.4mmol)并将混合物搅拌约2分钟,在此期间并非所有的三甲基碘化锍都溶解。移出冰甲醇浴并一次性添加THF(20ml)中的化合物XII(14.15g,56.15mmol)。温度上升至约8℃。继续搅拌约两小时,并允许温度上升至室温。将混合物倒在水(500ml)中并用庚烷萃取两次(2x 300ml)。将合并的有机相层用水洗涤四次并用盐水洗涤一次。添加乙酸乙酯(200ml)并将溶液经Na2SO4干燥。将混合物通过短二氧化硅塞过滤并浓缩,得到14.8g作为无色油状物的化合物XIII(0.0556mol,产率99%)。
实施例IV
由化合物XIII合成6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮
向化合物XIII(47.2g,0.177mol)的THF(200ml)溶液分批添加碘化锂(28.5g,0.212mol)的THF(100ml)溶液。添加是很放热的并利用冰浴将混合物冷却至室温。反应温度在约10℃至约25℃之间变化。将混合物搅拌约两小时并倒在水(200ml)中。将混合物用庚烷萃取两次。将合并的有机相层用盐水洗涤两次、经硫酸钠(Na2SO4)干燥并通过二氧化硅过滤。将二氧化硅塞用庚烷中的20%乙酸乙酯清洗。将有机相层浓缩以提供约45g作为油状物的的粗制产物。将粗制产物通过色谱(梯度,庚烷中的0%至25%乙酸乙酯,silicyle 800gSi柱)纯化,得到约22g纯6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮(0.082mol,产率46%)。获得约11g纯度较低的另一6-(5-乙氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮级分(产率23%)。
尽管一些具体的实施方案已在附图中作为实例示出并已在本文中进行了描述,但是本发明可容许多种修改和替代形式。然而,应理解,本发明并非旨在限制所公开的具体形式。相反,本发明涵盖落入如下列所附权利要求书及其法律等效文件所限定的本发明范围内的所有修改、等同形式和替代形式。
Claims (9)
1.合成化合物的方法,所述方法包括:
使3-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)环戊烯与二氯乙烯酮反应以形成包含7,7-二氯-4-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-酮和6,6-二氯-4-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-7-酮的第一混合物与乙酸和锌反应以形成包含4-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-酮和4-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-7-酮的第二混合物;
使所述第二混合物与三甲基碘化锍反应以形成包含2-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)螺[双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6,2’-环氧乙烷]和4-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)-螺-[双环-[3.2.0]庚烷-6,2’-环氧乙烷]的第三混合物;以及
使所述第三混合物与路易斯酸反应以形成6-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使第一混合物与乙酸和锌反应以形成第二混合物包括在不使所述第一混合物蒸馏的情况下使所述第一混合物与乙酸和锌反应。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使所述第二混合物与三甲基碘化锍反应以形成第三混合物包括向所述第二混合物中添加三甲基碘化锍、氢化钠和二甲基亚砜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使所述第三混合物与路易斯酸反应以形成6-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮包括将所述2-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)螺[双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6,2’-环氧乙烷]和4-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)螺[双环-[3.2.0]庚烷-6,2’-环氧乙烷]溶解于四氢呋喃中以及添加碘化锂在四氢呋喃中的溶液。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使所述第三混合物与路易斯酸反应以形成6-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮包括过滤并浓缩所述6-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其还包括纯化所述6-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.3.0]辛烷-3-酮。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使所述第三混合物与路易斯酸反应包括使所述第三混合物与碘化锂反应。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使第一混合物与乙酸和锌反应包括使锌与所述7,7-二氯-4-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-6-酮和6,6-二氯-4-(5-甲氧基庚-1-基)双环[3.2.0]庚烷-7-酮在乙酸的溶液中反应。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使所述第二混合物与三甲基碘化锍反应包括使所述第二混合物与三甲基碘化锍和氢化钠反应。
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