CN107233380A - 用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物，由黄芪、萝藦、蜂胶组成，包括以下重量份数的组份：黄芪5‑30份、萝藦5‑30份、蜂胶5‑30份，并制成合适的剂型。本发明的组合物以增强蜂群免疫抵抗力为出发点，结合中药材在增强免疫力方面的确实功效，能显著提高蜜蜂非特异性免疫力和抗病力，尤其春季繁殖季节，可增强蜂群免疫力，有效减少蜜蜂疾病的发生，提高蜜蜂春季繁殖成功率，同时减少抗生素的使用及残留，提高产品质量，提高蜜蜂养殖的综合经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蜜蜂饲养技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们对自身生命健康的日益关注，蜂产品的营养和保健作用正逐渐被人们所认可和接受，市场对蜂产品的需求也日益旺盛。蜜蜂养殖正蓬勃发展，成为21世纪的绿色朝阳产业，为蜂农创造可观的经济收入。
在人工饲养过程中，蜂群避免不了受到细菌性、病毒性或寄生虫性疾病等的侵扰，如果蜂群抵抗力差，则往往因疾病的快速传播，导致蜂群垮掉，造成巨大经济损失。据报道，近年来，美国、法国、澳大利亚等许多国家爆发了蜂群崩溃失调病（简称CCD），导致全球蜜蜂数量急剧减少，给农业生产造成巨大经济损失，该病的发生与蜜蜂免疫力低下有重要关联，尤其春繁季节，蜜蜂免疫抵抗力低下，则极易爆发疾病，导致养殖失败。因此增强蜜蜂抵抗力，尤其非特异性免疫力，增强蜂群群势，是决定全年蜜蜂养殖效益的关键。
蜜蜂在蜂产品提供及生态环境多样性保护中所发挥的巨大作用常常被忽视，导致人们对蜜蜂健康保护的研究不足，尤其在增强蜜蜂免疫力该领域的研究还很少，目前，还没有专门用于增强蜜蜂免疫力的产品面市。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种可增强蜜蜂对细菌性、病毒性、霉菌性等蜂病抵抗力的用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物及其制备方法。
本发明的用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物，其特征在于，它包括以下重量份的组分，黄芪5-30份、萝藦5-30份、蜂胶5-30份。
优选的，用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物，包括以下重量份的组分：黄芪8-20份、萝藦8-20份、蜂胶8-20份。
优选的，用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物中各组分为等份。
本发明用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物制成固体制剂和液体制剂，固体制剂为粉剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、片剂或散剂。
本发明的用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物制备方法，包括如下步骤，将黄芪、萝藦洗净、切碎，过50-200目筛，混合均匀，细粉在温度≥100℃的消毒容器中消毒；将配方量的细粉，加水煎煮1-3次，每次0.5-5小时，过滤，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩成干膏；蜂胶切碎，加酒精渗漉1-3次，每次12-48小时，过滤，合并滤液，减压浓缩成干膏；将二干膏粉碎混合，加入适量药用辅料，混匀，制成粉剂或颗粒剂或丸剂或片剂或散剂或溶液剂。
本发明用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物中黄芪性温，味甘，具补气升阳、益卫固表之功效；蜂胶性平，味苦、辛、微甘，具消炎镇痛之功效；萝藦性温、味甘、辛，有补精益气、通乳、解毒之功效。现代药理学研究表明，从黄芪中提取的黄芪多糖、萝藦中提取的萝藦多糖可提高免疫功能；从蜂胶中提取的黄酮类物质，具有抗菌、消炎、止痒、抗氧化、增强免疫、降血糖、降血脂、抗肿瘤等多种功效。本发明通过黄芪、萝藦、蜂胶的配合，以增强蜂群免疫抵抗力为出发点，结合中药材在增强免疫力方面的确实功效，能显著提高蜜蜂非特异性免疫力和抗病力，尤其春季繁殖季节，可增强蜂群免疫力，有效减少蜜蜂疾病的发生，提高蜜蜂春季繁殖成功率，同时减少抗生素的使用及残留，提高产品质量，提高蜜蜂养殖的综合经济效益。
具体实施方式
本发明用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物中各组分重量份配比表：
制备方法：将上述实施例中配方量的黄芪、萝藦洗净、切碎，过50-200目筛，混合均匀，细粉在温度≥100℃的消毒容器中消毒；将配方量的细粉，加水煎煮1-3次，每次0.5-5小时，过滤，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩成干膏；蜂胶切碎，加酒精渗漉1-3次，每次12-48小时，过滤，合并滤液，减压浓缩成干膏；将二干膏粉碎混合，加入适量药用辅料，混匀，制成粉剂。
优先的制备方法：将上述实施例中配方量的黄芪、萝藦洗净、切碎，过50-200目筛，混合均匀，细粉在温度≥100℃的消毒容器中消毒；将配方量的细粉，加水煎煮2次，第1次2小时、第2次1.5小时，过滤，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩成干膏；蜂胶切碎，加酒精渗漉2次，每次18小时，过滤，合并滤液，减压浓缩成干膏；将二干膏粉碎混合，加入适量药用辅料，混匀，制成粉剂。
上述实施例中的组合物还可于药用辅料一起制备成颗粒剂、丸剂、片剂、散剂、溶液剂等。
体外小鼠淋巴细胞玫瑰花环形成实验
实验方法：按制备方法将黄芪、萝藦、蜂胶三组分按1：1比例进行处理，作为药物组，并将黄芪、萝藦、蜂胶分别按制备方法制成单方对照组，以上4组分别每天灌胃给药1次，剂量50mg/kg；另以生理盐水作为空白对照组，每天灌胃生理盐水1次0.5ml，5组连续灌胃5d，第6天小白鼠断尾取血，制成12×105/ml的淋巴细胞悬液，另取绵羊血制成1% 红细胞悬液。
检测：取5组小鼠淋巴细胞悬液各0.25ml，分别置于离心管中，各加入绵羊红细胞悬液0.25ml，混匀；37℃水浴5 min，3500r/min 离心5min，置4℃冰箱2h。取0.1ml上清液，加入新配制的Giemsa染液0.1 ml混匀，置4℃冰箱30 min。显微镜下计数板上观察计数，计算淋巴细胞玫瑰花环百分率，结果见表1：
表1 小鼠淋巴细胞玫瑰花环形成实验
结论：经统计分析，三个单方组与空白对照比较，玫瑰花环率差异均显著(p<0.5)；药物组较空白组, 玫瑰花环率差异极显著(p<0.1)，表明黄芪、萝藦、蜂胶单用确实具有免疫增强作用，而三者复配更具有协同增效作用。
体内效果对比试验
实验方法：蜜蜂蜂群分组，意大利蜜蜂30群，每群3张脾，随机分成5组（每组6群）；A组为普通糖浆饲喂对照组、B组为1%维生素糖浆饲喂对照组、C组～F组为组合物糖浆组。组合物糖浆组采用实施例1、3、6和8制备得到的干膏加糖浆配成1%；各组每天饲喂1次，每次每群20g，连续饲喂10天。采用目前通行的蜜蜂免疫力检测方法，10天后采集蜜蜂血淋巴检测蜂群免疫力水平，结果见表2：
表2 饲喂不同药物组后蜂群的免疫力水平
实验结论：饲喂实施例1、3、6和8制备得到的干膏糖浆，蜂群免疫力水平较普通糖浆组、维生素糖浆组均有非常显著的差异，尤其实施例6的组合物可极显著（p<0.01）提高蜂群抵抗力，增强春季繁殖蜂群群势。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物，其特征在于：它包括以下重量份的组分：黄芪5-30份、萝藦5-30份、蜂胶5-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于：它包括以下重量份的组分：黄芪8-20份、萝藦8-20份、蜂胶8-20份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物，其特征在于：所述各组分重量份为等份。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于增强蜜蜂非特异性免疫力的组合物，其制备方法包括以下步骤：将黄芪、萝藦洗净、切碎，过50-200目筛，混合均匀，细粉在温度≥100℃的消毒容器中消毒；将配方量的细粉，加水煎煮1-3次，每次0.5-5小时，过滤，合并滤液，将滤液浓缩成干膏；蜂胶切碎，加酒精渗漉1-3次，每次12-48小时，过滤，合并滤液，减压浓缩成干膏；将二干膏粉碎混合，加入适量药用辅料，混匀，制成粉剂或颗粒剂或丸剂或片剂或散剂或溶液剂。
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