CN107199061A - 一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片,由定量单元、混匀单元和反应单元组成。血标本在定量负压泵的吸引下通过过滤池去除血细胞和血凝块,通过过滤池的血浆/血清在定量负压泵的驱动下流入混合池,与从试剂池流入的试剂混合;设在微流控通道末端的定量负压泵和定量增压泵往复驱动混合试剂,使试剂在微柱阵列作用下充分混匀;在定量负压泵的驱动下,与试剂充分混匀后的血浆/血清再分别定量流入各样本检测微管,混合试剂迅速溶解预置在管腔内的检测试剂微球,并开始反应过程;在规定的温度条件下,反应一定时间后,光电比色法检测各微管的吸光度值,计算样本中特定物质的浓度。同时,每一项生化检测项目都设置平行质控,提高检测的准确性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医学检验设备,更具体地说是一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片。
背景技术
生化分析就是采用光电比色原理来测量血液或其他体液中特定化学成分的浓度,反映机体的健康状况,临床用于辅助疾病的诊断、病情演变的动态观察等。将需要检测的物质通过生物化学反应,形成另外一种对紫外光、可见光、红外光或激光等不同光源具有特定吸收光谱的物质,采用分光光度计检测吸光度值从而对被检测物质进行定量。随着科学技术的发展,目前分光光度计已基本上被自动化、高通量的生化分析仪所替代,极大提高了检验效率。但是,这些仪器一般体积庞大、价格及维保费用昂贵、需要专业人员操作,并且完成一个测试所需时间较长,因此,不能用于需要快速、现场出报告的即时检测(POCT),更是无法用于家庭检测。
POCT是为了实现快速便捷的临床现场检验,具有检测实时性高、综合成本低、不依赖专业设备等优势,广泛用于临床监护、检验检疫、家庭保健等领域。微流控芯片技术是把生物、化学、医学分析过程的样品制备、分离、反应、检测等基本操作单元集成到一块微米尺度的芯片上,自动完成分析全过程,具有微型化、集成化、自动化和便携化等优点,现已成为实现POCT的重要技术手段。基于微流控芯片检测分析技术的关键环节就是对微升量级的样本和反应试剂的精准定量、两者反应前的充分混匀,以及检测的质控问题,这三个环节直接影响微流控芯片检测系统的准确性、可操控性及结果的可靠性。目前一般都采用离心式的办法进行微流体的定量和混匀,这就需要外接离心设备,并且样本的分离、定量、试剂的定量、混匀等需要多次离心,增加了芯片的复杂性和操作的繁琐,另外芯片整体为连通的微管和腔室系统,无法接入独立的质控系统。
发明内容
本发明是为了避免上述现有技术设备存在的不足,提供一种对样本和试剂精准定量、反应体系充分混匀、同时实现多任务检测的全自动生化检测芯片,功能高度集成、操作简便、体积小巧、成本低廉,适合于医院POCT、儿科和急诊,尤其是家庭的检测。
本发明为解决技术问题采用如下技术方案:
本发明一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片的特点是:所述芯片由定量单元、混匀单元和反应单元组成;在定量单元,血标本在定量负压泵的吸引下通过过滤池去除血细胞和血凝块,通过过滤池的血浆/血清在定量负压泵的驱动下流入混合池,与从试剂池流入的试剂混合;设在微流控通道末端的定量负压泵和定量增压泵往复驱动混合试剂,使试剂在微柱阵列作用下充分混匀;在定量负压泵的驱动下,与试剂充分混匀后的血浆/血清再分别定量流入各样本检测微管,混合试剂迅速溶解预置在管腔内的检测试剂微球,并开始反应过程;在规定的温度条件下,反应一定时间后,光电比色法检测各微管的吸光度值,计算样本中特定物质的浓度。
本发明一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片的特点也在于:
所述血标本进样口周围的芯片表面具有亲样品属性,进样管道开口位置低,保证全部样本被吸走;
所述血细胞过滤装置是间距在100μm—1μm范围逐渐变小的微阵列结构,定量负压泵提供的流体通道内负压促进血标本通过滤过池,去除血细胞和血凝块,获得血浆或血清;
在血细胞过滤池内加入抗凝物质,如肝素、枸橼酸钠、EDTA等,阻止进入的血标本凝固,过滤后获得血浆样本;或者增加血细胞过滤池内表面的粗糙度,促进血标本凝固,负压吸引滤过去除血凝块后获得血清;
所述血浆/血清样本的定量是通过定量负压泵实现,在定量负压泵的吸引下,定量的血浆/血清样本流入样本混匀池,通过混匀池内微柱阵列充分混匀,在定量负压泵和定量增压泵往复作用下,血浆/血清样本与试剂充分混匀;
所述检测单元,根据检测任务的要求,样本检测微管的数量为1根或多根,管腔内预置了对应检测项目的试剂微球,混合试剂流入微管后迅速溶解试剂微球,并开始反应过程;在规定的温度条件下,反应一定时间后,光电比色法检测各微管的吸光度值,计算样本中特定物质的浓度;
为了保证样本检测结果的准确性,每一个样本检测微管都设置了对应的质控检测微管,质控试剂流入质控检测微管后迅速溶解试剂微球,并开始反应过程,反应条件和检测条件与样本检测微管相同,通过吸光度值计算质控品的浓度。
与已有技术相比,本发明技术效果体现在:
1、本发明采用微流控技术,将样本的分离、定量、样本与检测试剂的充分混匀、多个生化检测项目的反应都集成到一张芯片上,具有集成度高、体积小巧、成本低廉,非专业人员均可操作;
2、本发明血标本中血细胞和血凝块的去除,通过滤过池中间距从大到小排列的微柱阵列,定量负压泵提供滤过的动力,有效去除血标本中各种血细胞和血凝块的干扰;
3、本发明中滤过的血浆/血清标本通过定量负压泵的负压吸引到混匀池,定量加入到反应试剂中,定量精准且比传统离心式的微流体定量方式操作简便;
4、定量吸取的血浆/血清与试剂同时在混匀池内设置的微柱阵列中流动,使混匀池内的血浆/血清与试剂充分混匀;
5、每张芯片上每一根样本检测微管完成一项生化检测,拓展检测微管的数量可以完成多个生化项目的检测,在芯片上同时设置独立的、与检测微管对应的质控检测微管,反应条件与检测条件与样本检测微管一致,通过比对质控结果,保证样本检测结果的准确性。
附图说明
图1 本发明一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片的结构示意图;
图中标号:1生化检测芯片,2过滤池,3过滤微柱阵列,4微阀,5混匀池,6混合微柱阵列,7a定量增压泵,7b定量负压泵,8定量采血器,10质控池,11试剂池,12质控反应微管,13样本反应微管。
具体实施方式
参见图1,本实施例中一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片由定量单元、混匀单元和反应单元组成;带有定量血标本的定量采血器8插入生化检测芯片1的入口,开启微阀4a、4d和定量负压泵7b,使血样本流入过滤池2,在定量负压泵7b的作用下,血样本流过过滤微柱阵列3,血样本中的细胞和血凝块被过滤微柱阵列3阻挡,血浆/血清流入混匀池5,随后关闭微阀4a,定量负压泵7b继续工作,打开微阀4c,使试剂池11中的试剂流入混匀池5的左侧,打开微阀4a,使定量负压泵7b驱动血浆/血清和试剂通过混合微柱阵列6,到达混合池的右侧,然后关闭微阀4d和定量负压泵7b;打开微阀4b、4a和定量增压泵7a,驱动血浆/血清和试剂通过混合微柱阵列6,到达混合池的最左侧;重复上述两个过程,使血浆/血清和试剂混合液在混合微柱阵列中往复流动,达到充分混匀;打开微阀4a,并依次打开微阀4j、4i、4h和定量负压泵7b,使混匀后的血浆/血清和试剂混合液定量流入样本反应微管13c、13b、13a,迅速溶解预置在反应微管内的检测试剂微球,关闭微阀4a、4j、4i、4h;随后依次打开微阀4e、4f、4g,保持定量减压泵7b开启,使质控池10中的质控液依次定量流入质控放应管12a、12b、12c,并迅速溶解预置在质控反应管内的检测试剂微球,随后关闭所有的微阀和微泵;在规定的温度条件下,反应一定时间后,光电比色法检测各微管的吸光度值,计算样本和质控品中特定物质的浓度。
具体实施中,相应的结构设置包括:
如图1所示,定量采血器8周围的芯片表面具有亲水性,进样管道开口位置低,确保全部血标本被吸走;
如图1所示,血细胞过滤池2内有过滤微柱阵列3,去除血细胞和血凝块;
如图1所示,样本反应微管的数量为1根或多根,每一根样本检测微管完成一项生化检测,同时设置独立的、与检测微管对应的质控检测微管,反应条件和检测条件与样本检测微管一致,通过比对质控结果,保证样本检测结果的准确性。
以上所述实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片,其特征是:所述芯片由定量单元、混匀单元和反应单元组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片,其特征是:
所述定量单元包括生化检测芯片(1),过滤池(2),过滤微柱阵列(3),微阀(4),混匀池(5),混合微柱阵列(6),定量增压泵(7a),定量负压泵(7b),定量采血器(8),质控池(10),试剂池(11),质控反应微管(12),样本反应微管(13)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片,其特征是:带有定量血标本的定量采血器(8)插入生化检测芯片(1)的入口,开启微阀(4a、4d)和定量负压泵(7b),使血样本流入过滤池(2),在定量负压泵(7b)的作用下,血样本流过过滤微柱阵列(3),血样本中的细胞和血凝块被过滤微柱阵列(3)阻挡,血浆/血清流入混匀池(5),随后关闭微阀(4a),定量负压泵(7b)继续工作,打开微阀(4c),使试剂池(11)中的试剂流入混匀池(5)的左侧,打开微阀(4a),使定量负压泵(7b)驱动血浆/血清和试剂通过混合微柱阵列(6),到达混合池的右侧,然后关闭微阀(4d)和定量负压泵(7b);打开微阀(4b)、(4a)和定量增压泵(7a),驱动血浆/血清和试剂通过混合微柱阵列(6),到达混合池的最左侧;重复上述两个过程,使血浆/血清和试剂混合液在混合微柱阵列中往复流动,达到充分混匀;打开微阀(4a),并依次打开微阀(4j、4i、4h)和定量负压泵(7b),使混匀后的血浆/血清和试剂混合液定量流入样本反应微管(13c、13b、13a),迅速溶解预置在反应微管内的检测试剂微球,关闭微阀(4a、4j、4i、4h);随后依次打开微阀(4e、4f、4g),保持定量减压泵(7b)开启,使质控池(10)中的质控液依次定量流入质控放应管(12a、12b、12c),并迅速溶解预置在质控反应管内的检测试剂微球,随后关闭所有的微阀和微泵;在规定的温度条件下,反应一定时间后,光电比色法检测各微管的吸光度值,计算样本和质控品中特定物质的浓度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片,其特征是定量采血器(8)周围的芯片表面具有亲水性,进样管道开口位置低,确保全部血标本被吸走。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片,其特征是血细胞过滤池(2)内有过滤微柱阵列(3),去除血细胞和血凝块。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种多任务全自动生化检测芯片,其特征是样本反应微管的数量为1根或多根,每一根样本检测微管完成一项生化检测,同时设置独立的、与检测微管对应的质控检测微管,反应条件和检测条件与样本检测微管一致,通过比对质控结果,保证样本检测结果的准确性。
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