CN107100736A - Combustion turbine combined system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a gas turbine combined system, which includes a gas turbine, a low temperature recovery device and a waste heat recovery device. The gas turbine includes a liquid ammonia supply device, a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine. The liquid ammonia supply device can supply ammonia to the combustion chamber. The compressor compresses the gas containing air and supplies it to the combustion chamber. Turn the turbine on. The low-temperature recovery device is connected between the liquid ammonia supply device and the combustion chamber, and the liquid ammonia is changed into gaseous ammonia through the low-temperature recovery device, and the low-temperature recovery device recovers the cooling capacity of the vaporized liquid ammonia. The combustor contains gaseous ammonia and air mixed for combustion, and the exhaust gas from the combustor drives the turbine to run and is discharged from the exhaust passage; the waste heat recovery device is arranged on the exhaust passage to collect exhaust heat. It has the following advantages: it can output power, recover waste heat from exhaust gas and/or recover latent heat of gasification produced by gasification of liquid ammonia for utilization.

Description

Combined Gas Turbine System

technical field

The invention relates to a gas turbine system, in particular to a gas turbine combined system using ammonia as fuel.

Background technique

A gas turbine is a rotary power machine that uses continuously flowing gas as a working medium to convert heat energy into mechanical work. In the main process of air and gas, there is a gas turbine cycle consisting of three major components: air compressor, combustor and turbine, commonly known as a simple cycle. Most gas turbines use a simple cycle scheme. Because its structure is the simplest, and it can best reflect a series of advantages of gas turbines, such as small size, light weight, fast start-up, and no need for cooling water.

my country is currently the country with the largest ammonia production and consumption in the world, accounting for about 1/3 of the world's total production. Therefore, my country has excellent conditions to gradually realize the transition from existing fossil energy to renewable ammonia energy. Ammonia can be used as a fuel for gas turbines or engines. However, the residual heat in the gas turbine exhaust and the latent heat of gasification generated by the gasification of liquid ammonia have not been effectively recovered or utilized, such as CN102272427B and CN102272428B.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a combined system of gas turbines, which overcomes the disadvantages of gas turbines that use ammonia as fuel in the background technology.

The adopted technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem is:

An integrated gas turbine system comprising an ammonia-fuelled gas turbine comprising a liquid ammonia supply capable of supplying ammonia to the combustion chamber, a compressor connected to the combustion chamber for compressing air containing The gas is supplied to the combustor, and the combustor is connected to the turbine to drive the turbine through the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the combustor; the gas turbine combined system also includes a low-temperature recovery device and a waste heat recovery device; the low-temperature recovery device is connected to the liquid ammonia supply device Between the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber, the liquid ammonia is changed into gaseous ammonia through a low-temperature recovery device, and the low-temperature recovery device recovers the cooling capacity of the gasification of liquid ammonia; The exhaust from the chamber drives the turbine to run and is discharged from the exhaust passage; the waste heat recovery device is installed on the exhaust passage to collect the exhaust heat.

In one embodiment: the low-temperature recovery device includes a heat exchange passage through which the liquid ammonia changes from liquid ammonia to gaseous ammonia, and the heat exchange passage recovers the cooling capacity of the vaporized liquid ammonia.

In one embodiment: the heat exchange channel cooperates with a compressor to cool the air through the heat exchange channel, and the cooled air enters the compressor.

In one embodiment: the heat exchange channel is arranged on the outer wall of the combustion chamber or in the combustion chamber to absorb heat in the combustion chamber.

In one embodiment: the heat exchange channel cooperates with at least one of the inside of the stationary blade and the inside of the moving blade of the turbine, so as to send liquid ammonia into at least one of the inside of the stationary blade and the inside of the moving blade of the turbine, and through cooling The stationary blades or moving blades vaporize liquid ammonia into gaseous ammonia and supply it to the combustion chamber.

In one embodiment: the gas turbine also includes an ammonia cracking device capable of decomposing ammonia into hydrogen, the liquid ammonia supply device is connected to the ammonia cracking device to provide ammonia for the ammonia cracking device, and the waste heat recovery device is connected to the ammonia cracking device to convert the exhaust The generated heat is introduced into the ammonia cracking device to provide reaction heat for the ammonia cracking reaction; the ammonia cracking device is connected to the combustion chamber to supply gas containing hydrogen and ammonia to the combustion chamber.

In one embodiment: the waste heat recovery device controls the temperature in the exhaust passage so that NO _x contained in the exhaust gas can be reduced in the presence of ammonia.

In one embodiment: a NO _X selective reduction catalyst is set in the exhaust passage.

In one embodiment: the combined gas turbine system further includes a generator connected to the turbine to drive the generator through the turbine to output electric energy.

In one embodiment: the combined gas turbine system further includes a steam turbine, the waste heat recovery device includes a steam generator, and the steam generator is connected to the steam turbine so as to generate steam through the steam generator to drive the turbine of the steam turbine to run.

Compared with the background technology, this technical solution has the following advantages:

The gas turbine combined system using ammonia as fuel of the present invention can output power, and can recover waste heat of exhaust gas and/or recover latent heat of vaporization generated by gasification of liquid ammonia for utilization.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a system diagram of the gas turbine combined system of Embodiment 1;

Fig. 2 is a system diagram of the combined gas turbine system of Embodiment 2;

Fig. 3 is a system diagram of the combined gas turbine system of Embodiment 3;

Fig. 4 is a system diagram of the gas turbine combined system of the fourth embodiment.

Fig. 5 is a system diagram of the combined gas turbine system of the fifth embodiment;

Fig. 6 is a system diagram of the gas turbine integrated system of the sixth embodiment.

detailed description

Embodiment one

Please refer to Figure 1, the gas turbine combined system, including a gas turbine fueled by ammonia, a low temperature recovery device 5 and a waste heat recovery device 7 . The gas turbine includes a liquid ammonia supply device 4 , a compressor 2 , a combustor 1 and a turbine 3 . The low temperature recovery device 5 is connected between the liquid ammonia supply device 4 and the combustion chamber 1, the liquid ammonia is changed into gaseous ammonia by the low temperature recovery device 5, and the gaseous ammonia is supplied into the combustion chamber 1, and the low temperature recovery device 5 recovers The cooling capacity of liquid ammonia gasification. The compressor 2 is connected to the combustor 1 to compress gas including air and supply it to the combustor 1 . The combustor 1 contains the mixed combustion of gaseous ammonia and air. The exhaust gas from the combustor 1 drives the turbine 3 to run and is discharged from the exhaust passage 6. The turbine 3 also drives the compressor 2 to realize air compression. , and the waste heat recovery device 7 is arranged on the exhaust passage 6 to collect exhaust heat.

The latent heat of vaporization of this liquid ammonia is relatively high, at -33.41°C and 101.325kPa, the latent heat of vaporization reaches 1371.18kJ/kg. The low temperature recovery device 5 is mainly used to collect the latent heat of gasification generated by the gasification of liquid ammonia. The low-temperature recovery device 5 may include heat exchangers, and these heat exchangers may be plate heat exchangers, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, sleeve-and-tube heat exchangers, plate-fin heat exchangers, heat pipe heat exchangers, cooling towers or at least one of the condensers.

The combined gas turbine system of this embodiment also includes a generator 8 connected to the turbine 3 to drive the generator 8 through the turbine 3 to output electric energy. The gas turbine combined system of the present invention provides cold source through low temperature recovery device 5 , heat source through waste heat recovery device 7 , and electric energy output through generator 8 , so as to realize the combined supply of cold, heat and electricity of the combined system.

Embodiment two

Please refer to Fig. 2, it differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the low-temperature recovery device 5 includes a heat exchange passage, the liquid ammonia changes from liquid ammonia to gaseous ammonia through the heat exchange passage, and the heat exchange passage recycles liquid ammonia gas melted cold. The heat exchange channel cooperates with the compressor 2 to cool the air through the heat exchange channel, and the cooled air enters the compressor 2 . Due to the high latent heat of vaporization of liquid ammonia (at -33.41°C and 101.325kPa, the latent heat of vaporization reaches 1371.18kJ/kg), the air temperature is lowered, a higher air compression ratio is obtained, and the air intake volume is increased. At the same time, the liquid ammonia vaporizes to absorb the heat generated by the blades of the compressor 2, thereby reducing the temperature of the blades.

The waste heat recovery device 7 includes a heat exchanger, which can be at least one of a heat pipe waste heat recovery device, a partition heat exchanger, a regenerative heat exchanger, a ceramic heat exchanger, or an injection hybrid heater. The heat pipe waste heat recovery device is a heat exchange device manufactured by utilizing the high-efficiency heat transfer characteristics of the heat pipe and its environmental adaptability, and its structural form is: integral type, separate type or combined type. The heat exchanger of the partition wall heat exchanger can be: a cooling tower (or called a cold water tower), a gas scrubber (or called a scrubber), a jet heat exchanger or a hybrid condenser. The regenerative heat exchanger is used for regenerative heat exchange equipment, and is used in occasions where the requirements for medium mixing are relatively low. The heat exchanger is filled with solid fillers to store heat. Ceramic heat exchangers replace traditional metal heat exchange equipment in high temperature or corrosive environments. The jet mixing heater is a device for producing hot water through the direct mixing of gas and water two-phase fluids. The waste heat recovered by the jet hybrid heater can be used to heat the heating circulating water.

The exhaust gas discharged from the turbine 1 usually contains _NOx , which can be reduced in the presence of residual _ammonia in the exhaust gas. By adjusting the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger in the waste heat recovery device 7 and controlling the temperature in the exhaust passage, the NO _x contained in the exhaust gas can be reduced within a suitable temperature range. In addition, a NO _X selective reduction catalyst can also be installed in the exhaust passage to further coordinate the temperature at which NO _X is reduced by ammonia. In this embodiment, a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst (the loading amount of Pt is 1% by weight) among noble metal catalysts is used.

Embodiment three

Please refer to FIG. 3 , a gas turbine combined system, including a gas turbine fueled by ammonia, a low temperature recovery device 5 and a waste heat recovery device 7 . The gas turbine includes a combustor 1 , a compressor 2 , a turbine 3 and a liquid ammonia supply device 4 . The low-temperature recovery device 5 includes a heat exchange passage through which liquid ammonia changes from liquid ammonia to gaseous ammonia. Fig. 3 is a partial side sectional view diagrammatically showing a specific application example of the gas turbine integrated system of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3 , an output shaft 11 is rotatably supported in a casing 10 of the gas turbine, and the output shaft 11 is connected to a generator 7 via a speed reducer. The compressor 2 is constituted by a multistage compressor having a plurality of stationary blades 12 supported by a housing 10 and a plurality of moving blades 13 formed on an output shaft 11, and suction air entering from an inlet 14 is The compressor 2 compresses and sends it into the combustion chamber 1 .

A plurality of combustion chambers 1 are arranged around the output shaft 11, and each combustion chamber 1 comprises a combustion chamber 1, a fuel supply device 16 for supplying fuel into the combustion chamber 1, and a combustion chamber extending from the combustion chamber 1 toward the turbine 3. Chamber tailpiece 17. A part of the compressed air flowing out from the compressor 2 is sent into the combustion chamber 1 , and the fuel supplied from the fuel supply device 16 is combusted in the combustion chamber 1 . Combustion gas in the combustor 1 passes through the combustor transition piece 17 and is sent to the turbine 3 , thereby imparting rotational force to the turbine 3 . On the other hand, a part of the compressed air flowing out from the compressor 2 is sent into the combustor transition piece 17 so that the inlet temperature of the turbine 3 does not rise too much. In the combustion chamber 1, almost 100% complete combustion is performed, and since the compressed air is supplied into the combustor transition piece 17 as described above, the combustion gas sent to the turbine 3 becomes excess air. The turbine 3 is composed of a multi-stage turbine having a plurality of stationary blades 18 supported by the casing 10 and a plurality of moving blades 19 formed on the output shaft 11, and the combustion gas flowing out of the turbine 3 becomes exhaust gas. And it is discharged from the exhaust port 15.

In addition, in this embodiment, the heat exchange passage connects at least one of the interior of the stator blade 18 or the interior of the rotor blade 19 of the turbine 3 . The liquid ammonia is sent into at least one of the stationary blades 18 or the moving blades 19 of the turbine 3 through the volume control valve, and the ammonia that is changed from the liquid state to the gaseous state by cooling the stationary blades 18 or the moving blades 19, and the gaseous ammonia is compressed by the gas The engine 2 is boosted and supplied to the combustion chamber 1. In this embodiment, the heat of the stationary blades 18 or moving blades 19 of the turbine 3 is effectively utilized to generate gaseous ammonia. In addition, in this embodiment, since the stationary blades 18 and/or the moving blades 19 are cooled, not only the durability of the stationary blades 18 and the moving blades 19 can be improved, but also the maximum allowable temperature of the inlet temperature of the turbine 3 can be increased, so that Increase the maximum output of the gas turbine.

Embodiment four

Please refer to FIG. 4 , which differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the gas turbine combined system of this embodiment is based on the gas turbine system of Embodiment 1. The heat exchange passage 5 is arranged in the combustion chamber to absorb the heat in the combustion chamber 1 . The heat exchange channel 5 arranged in the combustion chamber 1 is a circular pipe, through which liquid ammonia flows, and the liquid ammonia changes into gaseous ammonia during the flow in the pipe, and absorbs the heat of the combustion chamber 1 . The gaseous ammonia is passed into the combustion chamber 1 and mixed with the air pressed into the combustion chamber by the compressor 2 for combustion, and the exhaust gas produced drives the turbine 3 to run. By controlling the flow rate or flow rate of liquid ammonia in the heat exchange channel 5, the temperature in the combustion chamber 1 can be adjusted to prevent the temperature of the combustion chamber 1 from being too high.

In addition, the heat exchange passage can also be arranged on the outer wall of the combustion chamber 1 to form a partition heat exchange structure. The liquid ammonia is converted into gaseous ammonia by absorbing the heat of the outer wall of the combustion chamber 1, and the temperature in the combustion chamber 1 is reduced through the effect of heat conduction.

Embodiment five

Please refer to Fig. 5, it differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the gas turbine also includes an ammonia cracking device 8 capable of decomposing part of gaseous ammonia into hydrogen, and the liquid ammonia supply device 4 is connected to the ammonia cracking device 8 through a low-temperature recovery device 5 as The ammonia cracking device 8 provides ammonia, and the waste heat recovery device 7 is connected to the ammonia cracking device 8, so that the heat generated by the exhaust gas is introduced into the ammonia cracking device 8 to provide reaction heat for the ammonia cracking reaction; Chamber 1 is supplied with a gas comprising hydrogen and ammonia. Gases containing hydrogen, ammonia and air are mixed and combusted in the combustion chamber 1 . The waste heat recovery device includes a passage for supplying exhaust gas to the ammonia cracking device to provide reaction heat for the ammonia cracking reaction.

Since ammonia has relatively high auto-ignition temperature (651°C) and minimum ignition energy (680MJ), it is relatively difficult to ignite. Under pure ammonia combustion conditions, due to the small flame propagation velocity of ammonia (6-8cm·s-1), this makes it take a long time to burn in the engine. The flame propagation speed of hydrogen is as high as 250cm·s-1. The ammonia cracking device 8 cracks part of the ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen, and the hydrogen generated by the cracking accelerates the combustion process, thereby realizing the complementary combustion performance of ammonia and hydrogen, and improving the combustion performance of ammonia fuel. The ammonia cracking reaction is an endothermic reaction, and an additional heat source is needed to provide reaction heat. A waste heat recovery device 7 for collecting exhaust heat is provided on the exhaust passage 6 . The waste heat recovery device 7 includes a passage for supplying exhaust gas to the ammonia cracking device 8 to provide reaction heat for the ammonia cracking reaction. The waste heat recovery device 7 introduces the heat generated by the exhaust gas into the ammonia cracking device 8 to provide the reaction heat of the ammonia cracking reaction, so there is no need to install a heating system.

Further filling the ammonia cracking catalyst into the fuel supply side of the ammonia cracking device 8 can reduce the temperature required for the ammonia cracking reaction and increase the ammonia cracking reaction rate. The ammonia cracking catalyst can be a catalyst loaded with at least one of ruthenium, rhodium, nickel and iron.

Embodiment six

Please refer to Fig. 6, it differs from Embodiment 1 in that: on the basis of the gas turbine system of Embodiment 1, in the gas turbine combined system of this embodiment, a steam generator 7 is arranged on the exhaust path of turbine 3 as exhaust heat waste heat recovery device. The steam generator is connected with a steam turbine, and the exhaust gas of the turbine 3 heats the steam generated by the steam generator 7 to drive the turbine of the steam turbine 9 to run. In this embodiment, the exhaust heat of the gas turbine is used to heat the steam, the exhaust heat temperature of the steam turbine 9 is reduced, and the utilization rate of the ammonia combustion heat is significantly improved.

Because ammonia burns in the combustion chamber 1 to generate water and nitrogen, no carbon dioxide emissions and organic matter residues are generated, so the exhaust gas can be directly passed into the water in the steam generator 7 to generate steam, which simplifies the equipment structure of the steam generator 7 , Also improved heat transfer efficiency.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, so the scope of the present invention cannot be limited accordingly, that is, the equivalent changes and modifications made according to the patent scope of the present invention and the content of the specification should still be covered by the present invention within range.

Claims (10)

1. combustion turbine combined system, including using ammonia as the gas turbine of fuel, the gas turbine includes liquefied ammonia feedway, pressure Contracting machine, combustion chamber and turbine, the liquefied ammonia feedway can supply ammonia for combustion chamber, and compressor connection combustion chamber is contained with compressed package The gas of air is simultaneously supplied to combustion chamber, and the exhaust that the combustion chamber connects turbine to be produced by combustion chambers burn promotes turbine to transport Turn, it is characterised in that：The combustion turbine combined system also includes low temperature retracting device and waste-heat recovery device；The low temperature reclaims dress Put and be connected between liquefied ammonia feedway and combustion chamber, the liquefied ammonia is become by low temperature retracting device turns to gaseous ammonia, and the low temperature is returned The cold of receiving apparatus liquid ammonia recovery gasification；The gas mixing for including the gaseous ammonia being passed through and air in the combustion chamber is burnt, should The exhaust of combustion chamber promotes turbo driving and discharged by exhaust channel；The waste-heat recovery device is arranged on exhaust channel to collect Exhaust gas heat.

2. combustion turbine combined system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The low temperature retracting device includes heat exchange Path, the liquefied ammonia becomes by the heat exchange paths from liquefied ammonia turns to gaseous ammonia, and it is cold that the heat exchange paths liquid ammonia recovery gasifies Amount.

3. combustion turbine combined system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The heat exchange paths coordinate compressor, So that by heat exchange paths cooling air, the air after cooling enters the compressor.

4. combustion turbine combined system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The heat exchange paths are arranged at combustion chamber Outer wall or combustion chamber in absorb the heat in combustion chamber.

5. combustion turbine combined system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The heat exchange paths coordinate the turbine Stator blade in and movable vane piece at least one party, by liquid ammonia be sent in the stator blade of the turbine and movable vane piece in At least one party, is gaseous ammonia and is supplied in the combustion chamber by cooling down stator blade or movable vane piece gasification liquefied ammonia.

6. combustion turbine combined system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The gas turbine also includes that ammonia point can be made The ammonia cracker of hydrogen is solved, the liquefied ammonia feedway connects ammonia cracker to provide ammonia for ammonia cracker, and the waste heat is returned Receiving apparatus connects ammonia cracker, and the heat for being vented generation is imported ammonia cracker to provide reaction for ammonia cracking reaction Heat；The ammonia cracker connects combustion chamber to supply the gas comprising hydrogen and ammonia to combustion chamber.

7. combustion turbine combined system according to any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that：The waste heat recovery is filled Temperature in control exhaust channel is put so that NO contained in exhaust_XIt can be reduced in the state of ammonia presence.

8. combustion turbine combined system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：NO is set in the exhaust channel_XSelection is also Raw catalyst.

9. combustion turbine combined system according to any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that：The gas turbine joins Syzygy system also includes generator, and the generator connects turbine to export electric energy by turbine-driven generator.

10. combustion turbine combined system according to any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that：The gas turbine joins Syzygy system also includes steam turbine, and the waste-heat recovery device includes steam generator, and the steam generator connects steam turbine, with The turbo driving of the Steam Actuation steam turbine is produced by steam generator.