CN106847945A - The backplate and battery of p-type PERC double-sided solar batteries - Google Patents
The backplate and battery of p-type PERC double-sided solar batteries Download PDFInfo
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- 101001073212 Arabidopsis thaliana Peroxidase 33 Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 101001123325 Homo sapiens Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 102100028961 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/215—Geometries of grid contacts
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极，包括至少两条相互平行的背银主栅和多条相互平行的铝栅线，所述铝栅线与背银主栅垂直连接；所述背银主栅的两侧边缘呈齿状结构，所述背银主栅通过齿状结构与铝栅线连接，所述齿状结构的齿部与铝栅线重叠。本发明还公开了一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池。采用本发明，结构简单，容易产业化，同时提高电池的光电转换效率。
The invention discloses a back electrode of a P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, which comprises at least two parallel back silver main grids and a plurality of parallel aluminum grid lines, and the aluminum grid lines are vertically connected to the back silver main grids. ; The edges on both sides of the back silver main grid are tooth-shaped structures, the back silver main grid is connected to the aluminum grid lines through the tooth-shaped structures, and the teeth of the tooth-shaped structure overlap with the aluminum grid lines. The invention also discloses a P-type PERC double-sided solar cell. By adopting the invention, the structure is simple, the industrialization is easy, and at the same time, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery is improved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及太阳能电池领域，尤其涉及一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极，相应地，本发明还涉及一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池。The present invention relates to the field of solar cells, in particular to a back electrode of a P-type PERC double-sided solar cell. Correspondingly, the present invention also relates to a P-type PERC double-sided solar cell.
背景技术Background technique
太阳能电池发电是利用太阳能电池将太阳光能直接转化为电能，由于它是绿色环保产品，不会引起环境污染，而且是可再生资源，所以在当今能源短缺的情形下，太阳能电池是一种有广阔发展前途的新型能源。Solar cell power generation is the use of solar cells to directly convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. Because it is a green product, it will not cause environmental pollution, and it is a renewable resource. Therefore, in today's energy shortage situation, solar cells are an effective A new type of energy with broad development prospects.
P型PERC双面太阳能电池的制作流程包括：制绒、扩散、刻蚀、背面钝化层沉积、PECVD背面镀膜、正面PECVD镀膜、丝网印刷、烧结、抗LID退火。太阳能电池片在将光能转换成电能的过程中，其内部产生的光生载流子需要通过外部印刷的电极收集并引出，然后与外部电路连接，从而将电流输送出来。上述的丝网印刷工序又进一步细分为太阳能电池的背主栅电极印刷、背副栅电极印刷和正电极印刷。正电极浆料和背电极浆料印刷在晶硅太阳电池正面和背面上，经过烧结，起到收集电流的作用。背面电极图形的设计不仅决定了背钝化电池的背面钝化效果和电流收集效果，从而影响电池的光电转换效率，还决定了规模化生产工艺的复杂度。The production process of P-type PERC double-sided solar cells includes: texturing, diffusion, etching, rear passivation layer deposition, PECVD back coating, front PECVD coating, screen printing, sintering, and anti-LID annealing. In the process of converting light energy into electrical energy in a solar cell, the photogenerated carriers generated inside need to be collected and extracted through external printed electrodes, and then connected to an external circuit to deliver current. The above-mentioned screen printing process is further subdivided into the printing of the back main grid electrode, the printing of the back sub grid electrode and the printing of the positive electrode of the solar cell. The positive electrode paste and the back electrode paste are printed on the front and back of the crystalline silicon solar cell, and are sintered to collect current. The design of the back electrode pattern not only determines the back passivation effect and current collection effect of the back passivated battery, thereby affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery, but also determines the complexity of the large-scale production process.
因此，需要提出一种新的背面电极，结构简单，容易产业化，同时提高电池的光电转换效率。Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new back electrode, which has a simple structure, is easy to industrialize, and simultaneously improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极，结构简单，容易产业化，可提高电池的光电转换效率。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a back electrode of a P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, which has a simple structure, is easy to industrialize, and can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.
本发明所要解决的技术问题还在于，提供一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池，可双面吸收太阳光，结构简单，容易产业化，还可提高电池的光电转换效率。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is also to provide a P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, which can absorb sunlight on both sides, has a simple structure, is easy to industrialize, and can also improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极，包括至少两条相互平行的背银主栅和多条相互平行的铝栅线，所述铝栅线与背银主栅垂直连接；所述背银主栅的两侧边缘呈齿状结构，所述背银主栅通过齿状结构与铝栅线连接，所述齿状结构的齿部与铝栅线重叠。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a back electrode of a P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, comprising at least two parallel back silver main grids and a plurality of parallel aluminum grid lines, the aluminum grid lines and The back silver main grid is vertically connected; the edges on both sides of the back silver main grid are tooth-shaped structures, the back silver main grid is connected to the aluminum grid lines through the tooth-shaped structures, and the teeth of the tooth-shaped structure are connected to the aluminum grid lines overlapping.
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案，所述齿部为四边形或半圆形。As a preferred technical solution for the back electrode of the above-mentioned P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, the teeth are quadrangular or semicircular.
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案，所述齿部沿铝栅线长度方向的长度为0.05~10mm。As a preferred technical solution for the back electrode of the above-mentioned P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, the length of the teeth along the length direction of the aluminum grid wire is 0.05-10 mm.
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案，所述铝栅线的宽度为30-550μm，所述背银主栅的宽度为0.5-5mm。As a preferred technical solution for the back electrode of the above-mentioned P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, the width of the aluminum grid line is 30-550 μm, and the width of the back silver busbar is 0.5-5 mm.
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案，所述背银主栅与铝栅线形成的重叠区域的图案为三角形、四边形、半圆形或五边形。As a preferred technical solution for the back electrode of the above-mentioned P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, the pattern of the overlapping area formed by the back silver main grid and the aluminum grid line is a triangle, a quadrangle, a semicircle or a pentagon.
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案，所述背银主栅与铝栅线形成的重叠区域沿铝栅线长度方向的长度为0.05~10mm。As a preferred technical solution for the back electrode of the above-mentioned P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, the overlapping area formed by the back silver busbar and the aluminum grid lines has a length of 0.05-10 mm along the length direction of the aluminum grid lines.
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案，所述背银主栅的数量为2~8根，所述铝栅线的数量为25~500根。所述铝栅线也可以是曲线形、弧形、波浪形等。As a preferred technical solution for the back electrode of the above-mentioned P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, the number of the back silver busbars is 2-8, and the number of the aluminum grid lines is 25-500. The aluminum grid lines may also be in the shape of curves, arcs, waves, etc.
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的优选技术方案，所述铝栅线的数量为25~500根。As a preferred technical solution for the back electrode of the above-mentioned P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, the number of the aluminum grid lines is 25-500.
相应地，本发明还提供了一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池，包括所述背面电极、背面氮化硅膜、背面氧化铝膜、P型硅、N型发射极、正面氮化硅膜和正银电极，所述背面电极、背面氮化硅膜、背面氧化铝膜、P型硅、N型发射极、正面氮化硅膜和正银电极从下至上依次层叠连接；所述背面电极包括至少两条相互平行的背银主栅和多条相互平行的铝栅线，所述铝栅线与背银主栅垂直连接；所述背银主栅的两侧边缘呈齿状结构，所述背银主栅通过齿状结构与铝栅线连接，所述齿状结构的齿部与铝栅线重叠；所述背面氮化硅膜和背面氧化铝膜经过激光开槽后形成激光开槽区，所述铝栅线通过激光开槽区与P型硅相连。Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, comprising the back electrode, the back silicon nitride film, the back aluminum oxide film, the P-type silicon, the N-type emitter, the front silicon nitride film and the positive electrode. The silver electrode, the back electrode, the back silicon nitride film, the back aluminum oxide film, the P-type silicon, the N-type emitter, the front silicon nitride film and the front silver electrode are sequentially stacked and connected from bottom to top; the back electrode includes at least two A back silver main grid parallel to each other and a plurality of aluminum grid lines parallel to each other, the aluminum grid lines are vertically connected with the back silver main grid; The main grid is connected to the aluminum grid line through a tooth structure, and the tooth portion of the tooth structure overlaps with the aluminum grid line; the silicon nitride film and the aluminum oxide film on the back are grooved by laser to form a laser groove area, so The aluminum grid line is connected to the P-type silicon through the laser grooved area.
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池的优选技术方案，所述铝栅线与激光开槽区平行。As a preferable technical solution of the above-mentioned P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, the aluminum grid line is parallel to the laser grooved area.
作为上述P型PERC双面太阳能电池的优选技术方案，所述铝栅线与激光开槽区垂直。As an optimal technical solution of the above-mentioned P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, the aluminum grid line is perpendicular to the laser grooved area.
实施本发明，具有如下有益效果：Implement the present invention, have following beneficial effect:
本发明所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极，既可以替代现有单面太阳能电池结构中全铝背电场的作用，还具有载流导体的功能，适用于装设在P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面作为背面电极，结构简单，容易产业化，同时可提高电池的光电转换效率。采用本发明所述背面电极的P型PERC双面太阳能电池可节省银浆和铝浆的用量，降低生产成本，而且实现双面吸收光能，显著扩大太阳能电池的应用范围和提高光电转换效率。The back electrode of the P-type PERC double-sided solar cell described in the present invention can not only replace the effect of the all-aluminum back electric field in the existing single-sided solar cell structure, but also has the function of a current-carrying conductor, and is suitable for being installed on a P-type PERC double-sided solar cell. The back side of the planar solar cell is used as the back electrode, which has a simple structure, is easy to industrialize, and can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell at the same time. The P-type PERC double-sided solar cell using the back electrode of the present invention can save the amount of silver paste and aluminum paste, reduce production costs, and realize double-sided absorption of light energy, significantly expand the application range of solar cells and improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明P型PERC双面太阳能电池背面电极的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the back electrode of P-type PERC double-sided solar cell of the present invention;
图2是图1中A处放大图；Figure 2 is an enlarged view of A in Figure 1;
图3是图2中背银主栅的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the back silver busbar in Fig. 2;
图4是本发明P型PERC双面太阳能电池的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a P-type PERC bifacial solar cell of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。仅此声明，本发明在文中出现或即将出现的上、下、左、右、前、后、内、外等方位用词，仅以本发明的附图为基准，其并不是对本发明的具体限定。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is only stated here that the words for directions such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, and outside that appear or will appear in the text of the present invention are only based on the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and are not specific to the present invention. limited.
近年来，随着科学家和技术人员的深入研究，发现了一种背面钝化的PERC太阳能电池可进一步提高电池的光电转换效率。然而电池背面的氧化铝膜和氮化硅膜都是绝缘膜，不能将电子传导出来，因此常规的做法是在栅线下方的氮化硅开槽，印刷栅线时，银浆可填充到开槽区内与P型硅形成欧姆接触，从而实现导电功能。In recent years, with the in-depth research of scientists and technicians, a PERC solar cell with rear passivation has been discovered, which can further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. However, the aluminum oxide film and silicon nitride film on the back of the battery are both insulating films, which cannot conduct electrons out. Therefore, the conventional method is to open grooves in the silicon nitride under the gate lines. When printing the gate lines, the silver paste can be filled to the opening. The ohmic contact is formed with the P-type silicon in the groove area, so as to realize the conductive function.
现有的PERC单面太阳能电池在电池的背面设有全铝背电场覆盖在硅片的整个背面，全铝背电场的作用是提高了开路电压Voc和短路电流Jsc，迫使少数载流子远离表面，少数载流子复合率降低，从而整体上提高电池效率。然而，由于全铝背电场不透光，因此，具有全铝背电场的太阳能电池背面无法吸收光能，只能正面吸收光能，其光电转换效率难以大幅度的提高。Existing PERC single-sided solar cells have an all-aluminum back electric field covering the entire back of the silicon wafer on the back of the cell. The effect of the all-aluminum back electric field is to increase the open circuit voltage Voc and short circuit current Jsc, forcing minority carriers away from the surface , the minority carrier recombination rate is reduced, thereby improving the cell efficiency as a whole. However, since the electric field of the all-aluminum back does not transmit light, the back of the solar cell with the all-aluminum back electric field cannot absorb light energy, only the front can absorb light energy, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is difficult to be greatly improved.
为此，本发明提出一种新的背面电极，既可以替代现有单面太阳能电池结构中全铝背电场的作用，还具有载流导体的功能，适用于装设在P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面作为背面电极。For this reason, the present invention proposes a new back electrode, which can replace the effect of the all-aluminum back electric field in the existing single-sided solar cell structure, and also has the function of a current-carrying conductor, and is suitable for installation in P-type PERC double-sided solar cells. The back of the battery serves as the back electrode.
如图1~3所示，本发明提供一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池的背面电极，包括至少两条相互平行的背银主栅1和多条相互平行的铝栅线2，所述铝栅线2与背银主栅1垂直连接；所述背银主栅1的两侧边缘呈齿状结构，所述背银主栅1通过齿状结构与铝栅线2连接，所述齿状结构的齿部11与铝栅线2重叠。As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the present invention provides a back electrode of a P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, comprising at least two parallel back silver busbars 1 and a plurality of parallel aluminum grid lines 2, the aluminum The grid lines 2 are vertically connected to the back silver main grid 1; the edges on both sides of the back silver main grid 1 are in a toothed structure, and the back silver main grid 1 is connected to the aluminum grid line 2 through a toothed structure, and the toothed The teeth 11 of the structure overlap the aluminum grid lines 2 .
本发明所述背面电极设置在背面氮化硅膜3下方，而为了适应背面能吸收太阳光，不再设置全铝背电场，而是改为设置许多条的铝栅线2，采用激光开槽技术在背面氮化硅膜3和背面氧化铝膜4上开设激光开槽区9，而铝栅线2印刷在这些激光开槽区9上，从而能与P型硅5形成局部接触，密集平行排布的铝栅线2不仅能起到提高开路电压Voc和短路电流Jsc，降低少数载流子复合率，提高电池光电转换效率的作用，可替代现有单面电池结构的全铝背电场，而且铝栅线2并未全面遮盖硅片的背面，太阳光可从铝栅线2之间的受光区投射至硅片内，从而实现硅片背面吸收光能，大幅提高电池的光电转换效率。The back electrode of the present invention is arranged under the silicon nitride film 3 on the back, and in order to adapt to the back can absorb sunlight, instead of setting an all-aluminum back electric field, a plurality of aluminum grid lines 2 are set instead, and laser grooves are used Technology provides laser grooved areas 9 on the back silicon nitride film 3 and the rear aluminum oxide film 4, and aluminum grid lines 2 are printed on these laser grooved areas 9, so as to form local contact with P-type silicon 5, densely parallel The arranged aluminum grid lines 2 can not only increase the open-circuit voltage Voc and short-circuit current Jsc, reduce the recombination rate of minority carriers, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery, but also can replace the all-aluminum back electric field of the existing single-sided battery structure, Moreover, the aluminum grid lines 2 do not fully cover the back of the silicon wafer, and sunlight can be projected into the silicon wafer from the light-receiving area between the aluminum grid lines 2, so that the back of the silicon wafer absorbs light energy and greatly improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.
优选地，所述背银主栅的数量为2~8根，所述铝栅线的数量为25~500根。Preferably, the number of the back silver busbars is 2-8, and the number of the aluminum grid lines is 25-500.
如图1~3所示，铝栅线2与背银主栅1呈垂直连接，其中背银主栅1为连续直栅，背银主栅1的两侧边缘呈齿状结构，背银主栅1通过齿状结构与铝栅线2连接，所述齿状结构的齿部11与铝栅线2重叠。As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the aluminum grid line 2 is vertically connected to the back silver busbar 1, wherein the back silver busbar 1 is a continuous straight grid, and the edges on both sides of the back silver busbar 1 are tooth-shaped structures, and the back silver busbar 1 The grid 1 is connected to the aluminum grid line 2 through a tooth structure, and the tooth portion 11 of the tooth structure overlaps with the aluminum grid line 2 .
由于背面氮化硅膜3和背面氧化铝膜4设有激光开槽区9，印刷铝浆形成铝栅线2时，铝浆填充至激光开槽区9，使得铝栅线2与P型硅5形成局部接触，可将电子传输至铝栅线2，与铝栅线2相交的背银主栅1则汇集铝栅线2上的电子，由此可知，本发明所述铝栅线2起到提高开路电压Voc和短路电流Jsc，降低少数载流子复合率，以及传输电子的作用，可替代现有单面太阳能电池中全铝背电场以及背银电极中的副栅结构，不仅减少银浆和铝浆的用量，降低生产成本，而且实现双面吸收光能，显著扩大太阳能电池的应用范围和提高光电转换效率。Since the back silicon nitride film 3 and the back aluminum oxide film 4 are provided with a laser grooved area 9, when the aluminum paste is printed to form the aluminum grid line 2, the aluminum paste is filled to the laser grooved area 9, so that the aluminum grid line 2 and the P-type silicon 5 forms a local contact, which can transmit electrons to the aluminum grid line 2, and the back silver busbar 1 intersecting with the aluminum grid line 2 collects the electrons on the aluminum grid line 2, so it can be seen that the aluminum grid line 2 described in the present invention starts from To improve the open-circuit voltage Voc and short-circuit current Jsc, reduce the recombination rate of minority carriers, and transport electrons, it can replace the all-aluminum back electric field in the existing single-sided solar cells and the sub-gate structure in the back silver electrode, not only reducing silver The dosage of the paste and the aluminum paste is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and light energy is absorbed on both sides, the application range of the solar cell is significantly expanded and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.
从图2及图3中可知，背银主栅1通过齿状结构的齿部11与铝栅线2重叠连接，因此，通过调整背银主栅1中齿部11的大小和形状，可以有效降低银浆的用量，优选地，所述齿部11为四边形或半圆形，所述齿部11的长度为0.05~10mm（即，所述齿部11沿铝栅线2长度方向的长度为0.05~10mm），发明人发现当齿部11的长度为0.05~10mm时，可易于背银主栅1与铝栅线2重叠，如齿部11长度小于0.05mm，则背银主栅1与铝栅线2则容易发生接触不良，如齿部11长度大于10mm，则浪费材料。同时，背银主栅1与铝栅线2具有重叠区域10，每个重叠区域10的长度为0.05~10mm（即，背银主栅与铝栅线形成的重叠区域沿铝栅线长度方向的长度为0.05~10mm），发明人发现当重叠区域10在0.05~10mm范围时，背面电极的导电性能佳，如重叠区域10长度小于0.05mm，则容易发生接触不良，如重叠区域10长度的大于10mm，则浪费铝浆，且由于重叠区域10的面积过大，成型的背银主栅1和铝栅线2因膨胀系数等物理性能不一，在电池使用过程中易发生铝栅线2从背银主栅1上剥离，或铝栅线2与背银主栅1交界处发生断裂，从而影响电池品质和性能的稳定性。本发明人经过长期反复的对比实验发现，当背银主栅1和铝栅线2的重叠区域10长度在0.05~10mm范围时，电池性能最佳。It can be seen from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 that the back silver main grid 1 overlaps and connects with the aluminum grid lines 2 through the tooth portion 11 of the tooth structure, therefore, by adjusting the size and shape of the tooth portion 11 in the back silver main grid 1, effective To reduce the amount of silver paste, preferably, the tooth portion 11 is quadrilateral or semicircular, and the length of the tooth portion 11 is 0.05-10 mm (that is, the length of the tooth portion 11 along the length direction of the aluminum grid wire 2 is 0.05~10mm), the inventor found that when the length of the tooth part 11 is 0.05~10mm, it is easy to overlap the back silver busbar 1 and the aluminum grid line 2, if the length of the tooth part 11 is less than 0.05mm, then the back silver busbar 1 and the The aluminum grid wire 2 is prone to poor contact, and if the length of the tooth portion 11 is greater than 10 mm, material will be wasted. At the same time, the back silver busbar 1 and the aluminum gridline 2 have overlapping regions 10, and the length of each overlapping region 10 is 0.05-10 mm (that is, the overlapping region formed by the back silver busbar and the aluminum gridline is along the length direction of the aluminum gridline. The length is 0.05~10mm), the inventor found that when the overlapping area 10 is in the range of 0.05~10mm, the conductivity of the back electrode is good, if the length of the overlapping area 10 is less than 0.05mm, poor contact is prone to occur, if the length of the overlapping area 10 is greater than 10mm, the aluminum paste is wasted, and because the overlapping area 10 is too large, the formed back silver busbar 1 and the aluminum grid lines 2 have different physical properties such as expansion coefficients, and the aluminum grid lines 2 are prone to delamination during battery use. The back silver busbar 1 is peeled off, or the junction of the aluminum grid line 2 and the back silver busbar 1 is broken, thereby affecting the stability of battery quality and performance. After long-term repeated comparative experiments, the inventors found that when the length of the overlapping area 10 of the back silver main grid 1 and the aluminum grid line 2 is in the range of 0.05-10 mm, the performance of the battery is the best.
需要说明的是，优选地，本发明所述背银主栅1与铝栅线2形成的重叠区域的图案为三角形、四边形、半圆形或五边形。It should be noted that, preferably, the pattern of the overlapping area formed by the back silver busbar 1 and the aluminum grid lines 2 in the present invention is triangular, quadrangular, semicircular or pentagonal.
优选地，所述铝栅线2的宽度为30-550μm，所述背银主栅1的宽度为0.5-5mm。Preferably, the width of the aluminum grid lines 2 is 30-550 μm, and the width of the back silver busbar 1 is 0.5-5 mm.
相应地，如图4所示，本发明还提供一种P型PERC双面太阳能电池，所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池包括所述背面电极、背面氮化硅膜3、背面氧化铝膜4、P型硅5、N型发射极6、正面氮化硅膜7和正银电极8，所述背面电极、背面氮化硅膜3、背面氧化铝膜4、P型硅5、N型发射极6、正面氮化硅膜7和正银电极8从下至上依次层叠连接。Correspondingly, as shown in FIG. 4, the present invention also provides a P-type PERC double-sided solar cell, the P-type PERC double-sided solar cell includes the back electrode, the back silicon nitride film 3, and the back aluminum oxide film 4. , P-type silicon 5, N-type emitter 6, front silicon nitride film 7 and positive silver electrode 8, the back electrode, back silicon nitride film 3, back aluminum oxide film 4, P-type silicon 5, N-type emitter 6. The front silicon nitride film 7 and the front silver electrode 8 are sequentially stacked and connected from bottom to top.
所述背面电极包括至少两条相互平行的背银主栅1和多条相互平行的铝栅线2，所述铝栅线2与背银主栅1垂直连接；所述背银主栅1的两侧边缘呈齿状结构，所述背银主栅1通过齿状结构与铝栅线2连接，所述齿状结构的齿部11与铝栅线2重叠。The back electrode includes at least two parallel back silver main grids 1 and a plurality of parallel aluminum grid lines 2, the aluminum grid lines 2 are vertically connected to the back silver main grids 1; the back silver main grids 1 Edges on both sides are tooth-like structures, and the back silver main grid 1 is connected to the aluminum grid lines 2 through the tooth-like structures, and the teeth 11 of the tooth-like structures overlap the aluminum grid lines 2 .
所述背面氮化硅膜3和背面氧化铝膜4经过激光开槽后形成激光开槽区9，所述铝栅线2通过激光开槽区9与P型硅5相连。The back silicon nitride film 3 and the back aluminum oxide film 4 are laser-grooved to form a laser-grooved region 9 , and the aluminum grid lines 2 are connected to the P-type silicon 5 through the laser-grooved region 9 .
现有单面太阳能电池的背面电极由银主栅和铝背场组成，与现有单面太阳能电池相比，本发明所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池采用若干条背银主栅1与多条平行设置的铝栅线2组成，铝栅线2不仅替代现有单面太阳能电池中全铝背电场实现背面吸光，还用于背银电极中的副栅结构用作载流导体以传导电子。The back electrode of the existing single-sided solar cell is composed of a silver busbar and an aluminum back field. Compared with the existing single-sided solar cell, the P-type PERC double-sided solar cell of the present invention uses several back silver busbars 1 and multiple The aluminum grid lines 2 are arranged in parallel. The aluminum grid lines 2 not only replace the electric field of the all-aluminum backside in the existing single-sided solar cells to achieve back light absorption, but also are used in the sub-grid structure in the back silver electrode as a current-carrying conductor to conduct electrons. .
需要说明的是，所述铝栅线2与激光开槽区9平行或垂直，其中，当所述铝栅线2与激光开槽区9垂直时，不需要进行对准处理，可有效降低生产难度。It should be noted that the aluminum grid lines 2 are parallel or perpendicular to the laser grooved area 9, wherein, when the aluminum grid lines 2 are perpendicular to the laser grooved area 9, no alignment treatment is required, which can effectively reduce production difficulty.
最后，采用本发明所述背面电极的所述P型PERC双面太阳能电池，可节省银浆和铝浆的用量，降低生产成本，而且实现双面吸收光能，显著扩大太阳能电池的应用范围和提高光电转换效率。Finally, the P-type PERC double-sided solar cell using the back electrode of the present invention can save the amount of silver paste and aluminum paste, reduce production costs, and realize double-sided absorption of light energy, significantly expanding the application range and Improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.
应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limit the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention can be The technical solution of the invention shall be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
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