CN106833752A - The house refuse of three-stage technique cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device and method with high-alkali coal - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-stage process domestic garbage and high-alkali coal synergistic pyrolysis gasification device and method. The pyrolysis chamber, the combustion chamber and the gasification chamber are connected in sequence to form a three-stage synergistic pyrolysis treatment environment for domestic waste and high-alkali coal. There is an ash collection device, and the gasification chamber is connected to the pyrolysis chamber through the gas storage device; the domestic waste materials are transported into the pyrolysis chamber by the screw feeder, dried on the reciprocating grate, and thermally desorbed and volatilized. The volatilized pyrolysis gas and tar enter the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is completely combusted under sufficient air. The high-alkaline coal enters the central area of the gasification chamber and reacts with the flue gas generated by combustion to obtain clean gasification gas and enter the gas storage device. The invention can effectively improve the problem that a large amount of tar and hydrogen chloride are contained in the synthesis gas produced by the traditional domestic garbage gasification furnace, greatly improve the quality of the gasification gas, and is beneficial to the further utilization of the gasification gas.

Description

Cooperative pyrolysis gasification device and method for domestic waste and high-alkali coal in three-stage process

technical field

The invention relates to a domestic garbage treatment device and method, in particular to a three-stage process domestic garbage and high-alkali coal synergistic pyrolysis gasification device and method.

Background of the invention

Garbage disposal is a worldwide problem. A large amount of garbage not only occupies huge and valuable land resources, but also poses a huge threat to the ecological environment and human health. At the same time, domestic garbage is a kind of "misplaced resources", which has great development value and can turn waste into treasure. my country has huge resources of municipal solid waste, with an annual discharge of about 150 million tons, which is equivalent to about 25 million tons of standard coal. The utilization rate of energy treatment is less than 10%, and the potential for energy utilization is relatively large. Therefore, the harmless and resourceful treatment of domestic waste has become a research hotspot in waste disposal today. Among many waste disposal technologies, heat treatment technology has attracted much attention because of its great advantages in waste reduction and resource utilization. Among them, the gasification technology refers to the partial redox reaction of garbage with the gasification agent medium (such as air, water _vapor , carbon _dioxide , etc.) at a relatively high temperature and a certain pressure to generate a mixed The process of gasification, gasification gas is convenient for transportation and storage, which greatly improves the utilization value of garbage. At the same time, gasification gas can not only be used for combustion power generation and heat supply, but also can be used as a raw material in the chemical industry. The multi-channel and comprehensive utilization value is higher than that of incineration and other heat treatment technologies. The main reactions that occur during gasification are:

C+CO ₂ ＝2CO△H＝+408kJ/mol

2H ₂ +O ₂ ＝2H ₂ O△H＝+484kJ/mol

CH ₄ +2O ₂ ＝CO ₂ +2H ₂ O△H＝+892kJ/mol

2CO+O ₂ ＝2CO ₂ △H＝+566kJ/mol

CO ₂ +O ₂ =2CO△H=-162kJ/mol

H ₂ O+C=CO+H ₂ △H=-199kJ/mol

CO+H ₂ O=CO ₂ +H ₂ △H=-44kJ/mol

However, there are three main problems in the existing single-stage garbage gasification technology. One is the low calorific value ^of the gas produced. , natural gas, etc., there is still a big gap. If combustible gas is used for power generation, it is necessary to store a large amount of gas to maintain the operation of the unit, which increases the cost of investment and operation; the second is that the problem of tar is serious, and tar is easy to bond with ash and water to block the pipeline and damage the metal. Equipment made of materials and plastic pipes have a strong corrosive effect, and high tar content reduces gasification efficiency and gas calorific value, causing equipment damage and reducing economic efficiency; the third is that the garbage composition is quite complex, compared to For traditional energy such as coal, it contains a large amount of plastics with PVC high-chlorine resin as the main source of organic chlorine and some inorganic salts with NaCl as the main source of inorganic chlorine. Therefore, in the process of garbage gasification, in addition to sulfur and nitrogen oxides In addition, the above-mentioned chlorine sources will also cause a large amount of HCl in the pollutant discharge, and the discharge of hydrogen chloride will directly lead to the formation of acid rain, causing damage to aquatic ecosystems, and hydrogen chloride gas also has a strong impact on the gasification equipment body of the gasifier. Corrosion will greatly shorten the service life of the gasifier. Hydrogen chloride is also the source of dioxins in the gasification process of domestic waste. A certain amount of fly ash will be produced in the high-temperature gasification of domestic waste. The fly ash contains macromolecules Carbon, incompletely burned carbon particles and catalytic substances (mainly transition state metals), these substances will react with hydrogen chloride in the flue gas to generate dioxins through gasification, chlorination and condensation reactions, which have strong semi-volatility and persistence, causing irreversible deformities to organisms, cancer and mutations, causing serious pollution to the environment.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve a series of problems in the above-mentioned single-stage gasification of domestic waste, the present invention proposes a three-stage process of domestic waste and high-alkali coal synergistic pyrolysis gasification device and method to obtain high calorific value, tar, Gasification gas with low content of dioxin and hydrogen chloride.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

1. A three-stage process domestic waste and high-alkali coal synergistic pyrolysis gasification device:

The device includes a pyrolysis chamber, combustion chamber and gasification chamber as well as a feeding system, ash collection device and gas storage device. The pyrolysis chamber, combustion chamber and gasification chamber are connected in sequence to form a three-stage synergistic pyrolysis of domestic waste and high-alkali coal. Treatment environment, the pyrolysis chamber as the first stage, the combustion chamber as the second stage, and the gasification chamber as the third stage; the feeding system is connected to the inlet of the pyrolysis chamber, and the ash recovery ports of the pyrolysis chamber and gasification chamber are equipped with The ash collection device, the gasification chamber communicates with the pyrolysis chamber through the gas storage device.

The feeding system includes a feed inlet, a screw feeder and a drive motor, the feed inlet is arranged on the inlet side of the pyrolysis chamber, the screw feeder is installed on the front wall of the pyrolysis chamber and is located below the feed inlet, and the drive motor Connected with the screw feeder, the drive motor drives the screw feeder to run, and the domestic garbage placed from the feed port is transported into the pyrolysis chamber through the screw feeder.

The pyrolysis chamber is provided with a reciprocating grate, a burner for burning and releasing heat, and a grate hydraulic drive device. The chambers are connected, and the lower end of the reciprocating grate outlet side is a slag outlet, and an ash collecting device is installed under the slag outlet. The reciprocating grate is connected to the grate hydraulic drive device, and the reciprocating grate is driven by the grate hydraulic drive device. The grate pieces reciprocate; the burner is located above the reciprocating grate, and the pyrolysis chamber below the reciprocating grate is provided with a primary tuyere connected to the outlet of the gas storage device.

The combustion chamber includes a blower and a secondary air supply port. The combustion chamber has an inverted "U"-shaped structure. The inverted "U" shape is located at the entrance side of its middle section and is provided with a secondary air supply port. The blower is connected to the secondary air supply port to deliver into the air.

The gasification chamber includes a coal distributor, a coal storage bin, a rotary grate, a synthesis gas outlet and an ash storage bin. The bottom of the gasification chamber is provided with a rotary grate and an ash storage bin, and the rotary grate is located above the ash storage bin. , the top of the gasification chamber is equipped with a coal storage bunker and a coal distributor, the coal distributor is located under the coal storage bunker, the high-alkali coal is placed in the coal storage bunker, and the top side wall of the gasification chamber is provided with a connection with the inlet of the gas storage device. Connected syngas outlet.

The gas storage device includes a gas storage tank, a pressure-dividing gas distribution pipeline and a pressure reducing valve. The inlet of the gas storage tank is connected to the synthesis gas outlet of the gasification chamber. The partial pressure gas distribution pipeline is connected to the primary air outlet of the pyrolysis chamber.

Through the design of the second-stage combustion chamber in the three-stage synergistic pyrolysis gasification device of domestic waste and high-alkali coal, most of the tar produced by the pyrolysis of domestic waste can be burned, and the alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth in the high-alkaline coal Metal oxides are good catalysts for tar catalytic cracking. Under high temperature conditions, the tar that is not completely burned in the second stage can be catalytically cracked, so a relatively clean gasification gas with high calorific value can be obtained.

2. A method of synergistic pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste and high-alkali coal in a three-stage process:

1) Household waste materials are put in from the feed port, the drive motor drives the screw feeder to run, and the house waste materials are transported into the pyrolysis chamber by the screw feeder;

2) The domestic waste materials transported into the pyrolysis chamber fall evenly on the reciprocating grate, driven by the grate hydraulic drive device to reciprocate the grate pieces, and burn and heat through the burner, and the domestic waste raw materials are placed on the reciprocating grate Drying and pyrolysis and volatilization, the volatilized pyrolysis gas and tar enter the combustion chamber, and the pyrolysis residue is discharged from the slag outlet to the ash collection device;

3) The pyrolysis gas and tar transported from the pyrolysis chamber enter the combustion chamber, and are completely combusted under the sufficient air supplied by the blower, and then enter the gasification chamber;

4) Blocky high-alkali coal enters from the top of the gasification chamber, and reacts with the flue gas generated by combustion in the central area of the gasification chamber to obtain clean gasification gas;

5) The clean gasification gas output from the gasification chamber enters the gas storage device.

Part of the gasification gas in the gas storage device is adjusted by the pressure reducing valve and distributed through the partial pressure gas distribution pipeline, transported to the pyrolysis chamber through the primary tuyere, and completely burned and released under the action of the burner in the pyrolysis chamber. The heat required for the pyrolysis of domestic waste in the pyrolysis chamber is used to provide the heat required for the pyrolysis process of domestic waste raw materials in the pyrolysis chamber, and the other part of the gasification gas is sent to the external gasification gas purification system.

Described step 4) specifically is:

4.1) The lumpy high-alkali coal enters the coal storage bunker through the gate bucket from the top of the gasification chamber, and then moves down the gasifier to the unloading hopper and falls into the coal distributor. The coal distributor drives the lumpy high-alkali coal After the coal is evenly dispersed, the high-alkali coal is pushed into the gasification chamber;

4.2) The high-alkaline coal falls on the rotary grate after passing through the drying zone, pyrolysis zone, reduction zone and oxidation zone in the central area of the gasification chamber in sequence, and forms a pile height above the rotary grate;

4.3) The flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber is used as the gasification agent of the gasification chamber, and enters below the rotary grate from the bottom of the gasification chamber. The soda coal is dried by the flue gas flowing upward during the falling process;

4.4) The coal coke formed in the drying zone and the pyrolysis zone undergoes a gasification reaction with flue gas as a gasification agent under high temperature conditions in the reduction zone to produce clean gasification gas, and the clean gasification gas is discharged from the synthesis gas outlet; The incomplete coal coke is then burned in the oxidation zone to produce ash, which falls into the ash storage bin through the rotating grate, and finally falls into the ash collection device.

The present invention uses high-alkali coal rich in alkali metal oxides (mainly Na ₂ O and K ₂ O) and alkaline earth metal oxides (mainly CaO, Ca(OH) ₂ and CaCO ₃ ), and the high-alkali coal is used as the calcium-based The absorbent is a high-efficiency acid gas absorbent, and the adsorption efficiency of hydrogen chloride gas in the flue gas can reach more than 95%. The main reaction that occurs during the adsorption process is:

CaCO ₃ +HCl→CaCl ₂ +H ₂ O+CO ₂

CaO+2HCl→ _CaCl2 + _H2O

CaCO ₃ →CaO+CO ₂

Ca(OH) ₂ +HCl→CaCl ₂ +H ₂ O

Ca(OH) ₂ →CaO+H ₂ O

Therefore, the synergistic pyrolysis gasification of the three-stage domestic waste and high-alkali coal of the present invention can effectively improve the defect that the synthesis gas from the traditional single-stage domestic waste gasifier contains a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas, and at the same time suppress and control the source of chlorine supply, thereby reducing the dioxin content in the flue gas.

The composition of the clean gasification gas discharged from the synthesis gas outlet is: H ₂ 40%, CO 35%, CH ₄ 10%, N ₂ 10%, CO ₂ 5%, and the temperature is in the range of 500-600°C.

Domestic waste contains a large amount of inorganic chlorine and organic chlorine, most of which are converted into HCl during the gasification process. Therefore, traditional domestic waste gasification will lead to a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas in the gasification gas, thereby limiting the further utilization of syngas , and utilize the characteristics that are rich in alkaline earth metal oxides (mainly carbon dioxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate) in the high-alkali coal by the inventive method, they are a kind of excellent hydrogen chloride adsorption material, and small test result shows that high-alkali The alkaline earth metal oxide adsorption efficiency of coal char can reach more than 95%, so it can effectively improve the defect that the synthesis gas from the traditional single-stage domestic waste gasifier contains a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas. At the same time, hydrogen chloride is one of the sources of dioxin generation in the gasification of domestic waste. As a source of chlorine, it will interact with macromolecular carbon particles in fly ash, incompletely burned carbon particles and catalysts during the gasification process. Substances (mainly transition metals) undergo chlorination and condensation reactions to form dioxins. Therefore, high-alkali coal char can absorb hydrogen chloride gas in flue gas to generate stable calcium chloride, which can effectively reduce the content of dioxin in flue gas.

A large amount of tar will also appear during the gasification process of domestic waste, which will affect the quality of gasification gas. Through the three-stage synergistic pyrolysis and gasification process of domestic waste and high-alkali coal, the raw materials of domestic waste will be The tar produced can be fully burned in the second-stage combustion chamber, while the high-alkali coal placed in the third-stage gasification chamber is rich in alkali metal oxides (mainly Na ₂ O and K ₂ O) and alkaline earth metal oxides ( Mainly GaO and MgO), which is an efficient tar cracking catalyst, so the tar that has not been completely burned in the second-stage combustion chamber can also be catalyzed by alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal oxides in the third-stage gasification chamber Under catalytic cracking into light hydrocarbons.

The existing domestic waste gasification technology still has the problem of low calorific value of gas produced. At present, the calorific value of synthesis gas produced by fixed bed gasification technology in China is about 3-7MJ/Nm ³ , which is comparable to the 35.91MJ/Nm ³ of natural gas. There is still a big gap. However, through the three-stage synergistic pyrolysis and gasification process of domestic waste and high-alkali coal, since the second-stage combustion chamber is installed and its process is enlarged, the volatile matter produced by the first-stage pyrolysis of domestic waste can be It is converted into a gasification agent and transported to the third stage gasification chamber stably and evenly. In the updraft gasification furnace, the high-alkaline coal char rich in alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides can effectively absorb inorganic chlorine and The HCl formed by the thermal conversion of organic chlorine, and the catalytic cracking of the unburned tar in the second-stage combustion chamber can effectively improve the corrosion problem of the gasification equipment, and can obtain relatively clean syngas, which greatly improves the efficiency of the gasification gas. calorific value. The present invention proves that the calorific value of the gasification gas can be basically stabilized at 13.13-15.92MJ/Nm3 by adopting the ^three -stage synergistic pyrolysis gasification process of domestic garbage and high-alkali coal.

The present invention has the following technical characteristics:

During the treatment process of the present invention, the tar produced in the first stage of pyrolysis of domestic waste will be completely burned in the second stage of the combustion chamber, and the unburned tar in the second stage will pass through the third stage rich in alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metals. Oxides of coal char can be cracked with high efficiency catalytic cracking.

Household garbage contains a large amount of inorganic chlorine and organic chlorine. Most of the chlorine in the treatment process of the present invention is converted into HCl in the first stage of pyrolysis process, and it cannot be decomposed under the combustion conditions of the second stage, but can be passed through Placed in the third gasification section under the adsorption of coal char rich in alkaline earth metal oxide CaO, more than 95% of HCl is removed, thereby obtaining pure gasification gas.

The present invention adopts placing Zhundong coal in the third section, Zhundong coal is a kind of high-alkali coal rich in alkali metals, and carbonates, oxides, hydroxides and chlorides of alkali metals can greatly improve the coal char The reactivity of the catalyst catalyzes the gasification reaction between the gas after the second stage of complete combustion and the third stage of coal char.

In summary, the present invention can effectively improve the problem of a large amount of tar and hydrogen chloride contained in the synthesis gas produced by the traditional domestic waste gasification furnace, greatly improve the quality of the gasification gas, and facilitate the further utilization of the gasification gas.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.

In the figure: feeding system 1, pyrolysis chamber 2, combustion chamber 3, gasification chamber 4, ash collection device 5, gas storage device 6, feed inlet 7, screw feeder 8, drive motor 9, reciprocating Fire grate 10, slag outlet 11, burner 12, primary tuyere 13, grate hydraulic drive 14, blower 15, secondary air supply 16, coal distributor 17 coal storage bin 18, rotary grate 19, synthesis gas outlet 20, ash storage bin 21, gas storage tank 22, partial pressure gas distribution pipeline 23, pressure reducing valve 24.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the concrete implementation of the present invention is to comprise pyrolysis chamber 2, combustion chamber 3 and gasification chamber 4 and feeding system 1, ash collecting device 5 and gas storage device 6, pyrolysis chamber 2, combustion chamber 3 It is sequentially connected with the gasification chamber 4 to form a three-stage synergistic pyrolysis treatment environment for domestic waste and high-alkali coal. The pyrolysis chamber 2 is used as the first stage, the combustion chamber 3 is used as the second stage, and the gasification chamber 4 is used as the third stage; The material system 1 is connected to the entrance of the pyrolysis chamber 2, and the ash recovery ports of the pyrolysis chamber 2 and the gasification chamber 4 are provided with an ash collection device 5, and the gasification chamber 4 is connected to the pyrolysis chamber 2 through a gas storage device 6.

The feeding system 1 is mainly composed of a feeding port 7 , a screw feeder 8 and a driving motor 9 . The feed inlet 7 is installed on the front side of the pyrolysis chamber 2, which is convenient for feeding. The screw feeder 8 is installed on the front wall of the pyrolysis chamber 2 and below the feed inlet 7, and is closely connected with the feed inlet 7, thereby ensuring life Garbage materials can be stably and evenly transported to the first pyrolysis chamber 2 for drying and volatile analysis.

The pyrolysis chamber 2 is mainly composed of a reciprocating fire grate 10, a slag outlet 11, a burner 12, a primary tuyere 13 and a fire grate hydraulic drive device 14. The ground falls on the reciprocating grate 10, and is driven by the hydraulically driven grate hydraulic drive device 14 to reciprocate the grate pieces. A part of the gasification gas from the third gasification chamber 4 passes through the reciprocating grate The primary tuyeres 13 below the 10 are sent into the pyrolysis chamber 2, and completely burnt under the action of the burner 12 to start and ignite to release the heat required for the pyrolysis of domestic waste. Thus, the domestic waste raw material is dried above the reciprocating fire grate 10, and the volatile matter that is completely pyrolyzed enters the second-stage combustion chamber 3. The slag outlet 11 is located at the end of the rear wall of the pyrolysis chamber 2. The residue after a period of complete pyrolysis is discharged through the slag outlet 11 . In this way, the continuous and stable operation of the first-stage pyrolysis process of domestic waste raw materials is ensured.

The combustion chamber 3 is mainly composed of a blower 15 and a secondary air supply port 16. The combustion chamber 3 is generally distributed in an inverted "U" shape, thereby increasing the flow of the flue. The blower 15 is arranged on the side of the front wall of the combustion chamber 3 and connected by pipes. To the secondary air supply port 16 installed on the front wall of the combustion chamber 3, the air blower 15 sends sufficient air to the combustion chamber 3 through the secondary air supply port 16, so that the pyrolysis gas and tar coming out of the first stage pyrolysis chamber 2 arrive at the The combustion chamber 3 of the second stage can burn substantially completely.

The gasification chamber 4 is mainly composed of a coal distributor 17, a coal storage bin 18, a rotary grate 19, a synthesis gas outlet 20 and an ash storage bin 21. The gasification chamber 4 mainly adopts a set of updraft gasification furnace. The massive high-alkali coal storage is placed in the coal storage bin 18, and the coal storage bin 18 is installed on the top of the gasification chamber 4. A certain size of high-alkali coal The coal block enters the coal storage bunker 18 through the lock bucket and moves down along the gasifier to the unloading hopper and falls into the coal distributor 17. The coal distributor 17 is installed under the coal storage bin 18, and the lumpy high-alkali coal is evenly distributed through the rotation drive. After being dispersed, the massive high-alkali coal falling into the gasifier passes through the drying zone, pyrolysis zone, reduction zone and oxidation zone in sequence, and is supported by the rotary grate 19, forming a certain pile height above the rotary grate 19, The rotary grate 19 is installed under the gasification furnace, and the main components of the flue gas generated by combustion in the second-stage combustion chamber are CO ₂ and water vapor, and a small amount of oxygen is used as the gasification agent in the third-stage gasification chamber 4 from the rotary furnace. Enter below the grate 19, opposite to the flow direction of the blocky high-alkali coal, the blocky high-alkali coal is dried by the flue gas flowing upwards during the falling process. The high-alkaline coal coke formed in the drying zone and the pyrolysis zone undergoes a series of gasification reactions with the gasification agent under high temperature conditions in the reduction zone, and the clean gasification gas produced is discharged from the synthesis gas outlet 20. The synthesis gas outlet 20 is installed at the coal On the wall of the gasifier on the side of the distributor 17, the composition of the discharged gasification gas is basically: H ₂ 40%, CO 35%, CH ₄ 10%, N ₂ 10%, CO ₂ 5%, and the temperature is about 500-600 ℃ range. The ash produced by the combustion of incompletely gasified char that passes through the gasification zone in the oxidation zone falls through the rotating grate 19 into the ash gate to the ash storage bin 21 installed at the bottom of the gasifier. Therefore, the continuous and stable operation of the gasification chamber 4 in the third stage is ensured.

The gas storage device 6 is mainly composed of a gas storage tank 22, a pressure-dividing gas distribution pipeline 23 and a pressure reducing valve 24. The gas storage tank 22 is connected with the synthesis gas outlet 20 in the third-stage gasification chamber 4, and stores the third-stage upper suction The clean syngas from the type gasifier, part of which is transported from the partial pressure gas distribution pipeline 23 to the first-stage pyrolysis chamber 2 through the regulation of the pressure-reducing valve 24, provides domestic waste raw materials for the first-stage pyrolysis heat required in the process. The other part is directly sent to the gasification gas purification system, thus ensuring the stable operation of the entire three-stage system.

It can be seen that the present invention adopts a three-stage composite structure, and the domestic waste is transported to the reciprocating fire grate in the first stage pyrolysis chamber by the screw feeder, and the heat required for its pyrolysis comes from the gasification chamber in the third stage. A part of the syngas is completely combusted and released, and the volatile matter produced after complete pyrolysis is supplied by the air blower in the second-stage combustion chamber so that most of the pyrolysis gas and tar are completely combusted. The grate below the updraft gasifier used in the third stage forms a certain pile height of massive high-alkali coal to ensure sufficient gasification residence time, and the combustion products of the second stage of synergistic reduction are mainly _H2 and CO At the same time, the high-alkaline coal is rich in alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, which can effectively reduce the content of HCl in the flue gas emission. The removal efficiency of HCl can reach more than 95%, and it can fix the chlorine in the gasification gas. It also cuts off the supply of chlorine sources, so it can effectively reduce the emission of dioxins in the flue gas. At the same time, the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides in high-alkali coal are a kind of efficient tar catalytic cracking catalyst, which can effectively Catalytic cracking of tar that is not completely burned in the second stage combustion chamber. The results of the small test show that the tar content in the gasification gas from the third stage gasification chamber is 73mg/m ³ , which meets the intake standard (100mg/m ³ ) for direct combustion into the internal combustion engine for power generation.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of house refuse of three-stage technique cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device with high-alkali coal, it is characterised in that：

Including pyrolysis chamber (2), combustion chamber (3) and vaporizer (4) and feeding system (1), ash collection device (5) and gas storage dress Put (6), pyrolysis chamber (2), combustion chamber (3) and vaporizer (4) are sequentially connected and constitute three-stage house refuse and cooperateed with high-alkali coal Pyrolysis processing environment, feeding system (1) is connected to pyrolysis chamber (2) entrance, the lime-ash recovery port of pyrolysis chamber (2) and vaporizer (4) Ash collection device (5) is equipped with, vaporizer (4) is connected with pyrolysis chamber (2) through caisson (6) and communicates.

2. a kind of house refuse of the three-stage technique according to claims 1 cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device with high-alkali coal, It is characterized in that：Described feeding system (1) includes charging aperture (7), screw(-type) feeder (8) and motor (9), charging aperture (7) pyrolysis chamber (2) entrance side is arranged on, screw(-type) feeder (8) is installed on pyrolysis chamber's (2) front wall and is located at charging aperture (7) lower section, Motor (9) is connected with screw(-type) feeder (8), and motor (9) drives screw(-type) feeder (8) operation, is put from charging aperture (7) The house refuse for entering is conveyed into pyrolysis chamber (2) through screw(-type) feeder (8).

3. a kind of house refuse of the three-stage technique according to claims 1 cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device with high-alkali coal, It is characterized in that：Reciprocating fire grate (10), the burner (12) for combustion heat release amount are provided with described pyrolysis chamber (2) With fire grate fluid pressure drive device (14), reciprocating fire grate (10) entrance side as pyrolysis chamber (2) entrance, reciprocating fire grate (10) Outlet side upper end is connected with combustion chamber (3) and communicates, and is slag notch (11), slag notch in reciprocating fire grate (10) outlet side lower end (11) lower section sets ash collection device (5), and reciprocating fire grate (10) connects fire grate fluid pressure drive device (14), by fire grate hydraulic pressure Drive device (14) drives the fire grate segment of reciprocating fire grate (10) to move back and forth；Burner (12) is positioned at reciprocating fire grate (10) top, the pyrolysis chamber (2) below reciprocating fire grate (10) is provided with the primary air nozzle for being connected with caisson (6) outlet and being communicated (13)。

4. a kind of house refuse of the three-stage technique according to claims 1 cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device with high-alkali coal, It is characterized in that：Described combustion chamber (3) includes pressure fan (15) and secondary blast mouthful (16), and combustion chamber (3) are in inverse u shape knot Structure, the entrance side of section is provided with secondary blast mouthful (16) between inverse u shape is located therein, and pressure fan (15) is connected to secondary blast mouthful (16) air is sent into.

5. a kind of house refuse of the three-stage technique according to claims 1 cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device with high-alkali coal, It is characterized in that：Described vaporizer (4) includes coal distributor (17), coal store (18), revolving grate (19), syngas outlet (20) and ash-storing bin (21), the bottom of vaporizer (4) is provided with revolving grate (19) and ash-storing bin (21), and revolving grate (19) is located at Ash-storing bin (21) top, is provided with coal store (18) and coal distributor (17) at the top of vaporizer (4), coal distributor (17) is located at Coal store (18) lower section, high-alkali coal is placed in coal store (18), and the top sidewall of vaporizer (4) is provided with and caisson (6) The syngas outlet (20) that entrance connection is communicated.

6. a kind of house refuse of the three-stage technique according to claims 1 cooperates with pyrolysis gasifying device with high-alkali coal, It is characterized in that：Described caisson (6) includes air accumulator (22), partial pressure distribution pipeline (23) and pressure-reducing valve (24), gas storage Syngas outlet (20) connection of tank (22) entrance and vaporizer (4) is communicated, and air accumulator (22) is matched somebody with somebody through pressure-reducing valve (24) and partial pressure Air pipe (23) is connected, and primary air nozzle (13) connection of partial pressure distribution pipeline (23) and the pyrolysis chamber (2) is communicated.

7. the house refuse for being applied to a kind of three-stage technique of any described devices of claims 1-6 cooperates with heat with high-alkali coal Solution gasification process, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

1) house refuse material is inserted from charging aperture (7), motor (9) drives screw(-type) feeder (8) operation, house refuse thing Material is conveyed into pyrolysis chamber (2) by screw(-type) feeder (8)；

2) it is conveyed into the house refuse material of pyrolysis chamber (2) equably to fall on reciprocating fire grate (10), by fire grate hydraulic-driven Device (14) drives the reciprocating motion for carrying out fire grate segment, and by burner (12) combustion heating, house refuse raw material is reciprocating Dry and carry out Thermal desorption to go out and volatilize on fire grate (10), the pyrolysis gas and tar of volatilization enter combustion chamber (3), what pyrolysis was separated out Residue is discharged in ash collection device (5) from slag notch (11)；

3) pyrolysis gas and tar for coming from pyrolysis chamber (2) conveying enter combustion chamber (3), under pressure fan (15) feeding enough air Burnt completely, the flue gas after burning enters vaporizer (4)；

4) block high-alkali coal enters from vaporizer (4) top, and is generated by vaporizer (4) central area and combustion chambers burn Smoke contacts react, obtain clean gasification gas；

5) the clean gasification gas from vaporizer (4) output enters caisson (6).

8. a kind of house refuse of the three-stage technique according to claims 7 cooperates with pyrolysis gasification method with high-alkali coal, It is characterized in that：The part gasification gas of described caisson (6) is adjusted via partial pressure distribution pipeline by pressure-reducing valve (24) (23) it is allocated, is delivered in pyrolysis chamber (2) through primary air nozzle (13), the burner (12) in pyrolysis chamber (2) opens stove point Burning discharges house refuse in the heat needed for pyrolysis in pyrolysis chamber (2) completely under fire action, is used to provide house refuse original The heat that material needs in the pyrolytic process of pyrolysis chamber, another part gasification gas is delivered to the gasification gas cleaning system of outside.

9. a kind of house refuse of the three-stage technique according to claims 7 cooperates with pyrolysis gasification method with high-alkali coal, It is characterized in that：The step 4) it is specially：

4.1) block high-alkali coal enters coal store (18) from vaporizer (4) top by lock bucket, further along gasification furnace to moving down Move to dump skip and fall into coal distributor (17), coal distributor (17) by rotation driving by block high-alkali coal is dispersed open after simultaneously High-alkali coal is promoted to fall into vaporizer (4)；

4.2) high-alkali coal falls rotation after the dry section of vaporizer (4) central area, pyrolysis zone, reducing zone and zoneofoxidation successively On fire grate (19), and it is high to form heap in revolving grate (19) top；

4.3) flue gas of combustion chambers burn generation enters into revolving burner as the gasifying agent of vaporizer (4) from vaporizer (4) bottom Comb below (19), flue gas is flowed up and opposite with block high-alkali coal falling direction so that block high-alkali coal is in dropping process The flue gas drying for being flowed up；

4.4) coal tar formed by dry section and pyrolysis zone occurs under the hot conditions of reducing zone with the flue gas as gasifying agent The clean gasification gas produced after gasification reaction, clean gasification gas is discharged from syngas outlet (20)；The incomplete coal of gasification reaction It is burnt then to produce ashes, the rotated fire grate of ashes (19) to fall into ash-storing bin (21) in zoneofoxidation burning, finally drop into lime-ash Collection device (5).

10. a kind of house refuse of the three-stage technique according to claims 7 cooperates with pyrolysis gasification method with high-alkali coal, It is characterized in that：It is from the described clean gasification gas composition of syngas outlet (20) discharge：H₂40%, CO 35%, CH₄ 10%, N₂10%, CO₂5%, temperature is in the range of 500~600 DEG C.