CN106831199A - Straw biological carbon water holding Nutrition Soil high and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Straw biological carbon water holding Nutrition Soil high and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106831199A CN106831199A CN201710183720.XA CN201710183720A CN106831199A CN 106831199 A CN106831199 A CN 106831199A CN 201710183720 A CN201710183720 A CN 201710183720A CN 106831199 A CN106831199 A CN 106831199A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
A kind of straw biological carbon water holding Nutrition Soil high and preparation method thereof, its component and content are：The stalk 55 68% after fermentation, straw charring particle 28 40% and Biodegradable Superabsorbent Resin 3 5% are crushed, wherein：Nitrogen effective content is 200 500gm‑3、P2O5Content is 20 50gm‑3, Determination of Potassium be 100 300gm‑3.The present invention have solve existing agricultural crop straw pollution problem, realize crop material recycling, the water holding water retention property for improving culture matrix, the nutrient that possesses stabilization keep that the features such as with supply capacity and good planting effect, culture matrix can be formulated for vegetables, flowers, nursery stock provide full nutrition, complete period.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of to be based on stalk resource the present invention relates to a kind of environmental protection and the technology of field of agricultural science and technology
Straw biological carbon water holding Nutrition Soil high that change is utilized and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Agricultural crop straw quantity is big, species is more, distribution is wide, more than 2,900,000,000 tons of whole world stalk annual production.China is grain life
Big country is produced, is also stalk big producer, more than 700,000,000 tons of stalk can be produced every year, account for the 20%-30% of global stalk total amount.Its
In, about 5.8 hundred million tons of the cereal crops such as paddy rice, wheat, soybean, corn, potato class stalk；Peanut, rapeseed, sesame, sunflower etc.
Oil crops stalk accounts for the 8% of total amount, and cotton, sugarcane stalk account for the 3% of total amount.At present, agricultural crop straw processing mode is main
Based on direct chopping and returning, industrial utilization (papermaking, feed, fermentation clean energy resource), three kinds of modes of crop straw burning.Straw-returning
Although playing the role of with culture fertility, the method city commonly used in actual agricultural production is directly crushed in earth's surface, and method is not
When, if become thoroughly decomposed the time not enough, also result in soil germ increase, crop disease aggravate etc. bad phenomenon.China's stalk is outdoor
Burning ratio reaches 20.8%, predominantly paddy, corn and wheat, the PM that annual crop straw burning is produced2.5Reach 138.1 × 104
Ton.Therefore, the recycling of stalk is significant for realizing agricultural sustainable development, environmental protection.
Meanwhile, with Cropping structure adjustment, the modernization of agriculture, the new city such as balcony agricultural
Agricultural development is very rapid, and developing rapidly for industrialized agriculture proposes requirement higher to planting matrix (seedling nutritious soil).Root
Needed according to seedling and plant growth, the matrix of current main flow is mainly formulated using organic and inorganic material and microorganism formulation,
Conventional seedling medium have rock wool, thin vermiculite, turf, slag ash, the cotton seed hulls for planting mushroom, perlite, fine sand, organic fertilizer,
Charing rice chaff, wood sawdust etc..These base starting material physiology, biochemical characteristic are different, respectively there is advantage and disadvantage, wherein organic fertilizer, thin vermiculite
It is comparatively ideal seedling medium, and turf, charing rice chaff, wood sawdust are good compound seedling medium raw materials.In general, gently
Quantify matrix has extensively in fields such as nursery breeding, greenhouse production, potted plant crop, balcony planting, forest seedling growth, forest cuttages
Using having a good application prospect.But, there is water holding, moisture-retaining capacity deficiency in conventional formulation matrix, and nutrient supply is received
The problems such as limit, constrain the development of lightweight matrix, continual exploitation New-type matrix material.
The matrixing utilization of crop material not only can provide raw material for seedling medium, also for crop material pollution problem is provided
Effective solution, but straw substrateization is still immature using technology at present, and production technology is still lack of standardization with flow, base
Matter properties of product are unstable, and lack unified scientific procedures standard.China is carrying out the initial stage that straw substrate is utilized early stage
In trial, without everfermentation directly or through vegetable growing is used for after rolling the simple process such as broken, this is also initial to stalk
Straw substrate utilize form.Because stalk nutrien utilization is difficult in the direct Land use systems of getting up early, physicochemical character not
The defect such as up to standard, compost fermentation is developing progressively the important step for straw substrate.Stalk is at present as cultivation matrix
It is relatively extensive in application process, accurate data support is lacked to the important physical property required for cultivation matrix, and to crop
Chemical stability, acid-base property, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity and the buffer capacity for having considerable influence rely primarily on experience and are adjusted
Match somebody with somebody, occur the situation bad with vine growth and development of being short of seedling in seedling raising process, using these matrix during cuttage cultivating seedling
Also occur the situation such as slow and rotten of taking root, it is necessary to carry out Improvement to former straw utilization mode.
See on the whole, not only price is high for the peat soil used in conventional formulation matrix, and be non-renewable in the short time
Resource, its reserves is limited, it is impossible to unconfined exploitation.Meanwhile, existing frequently-used matrix water retention property is poor, especially
, it is necessary to be continuously replenished substantial amounts of liquid manure when being crop plant type bigger than normal, easily cause stromal surface hardened, also result in a large amount of liquid manure
It is lost in.Additionally, existing lightweight matrix volume is excessive, transport is also inconvenient；Nutrition distribution is uneven in conventional formulation matrix
Weighing apparatus, is also to suppress its major issue for using.The matrixing utilization of crop material proposed by the present invention can be agricultural crop straw
Pollution control and modern agriculture lightweight matrix provide solution, and crop material categorised collection is crushed and carbonization is utilized, respectively
Main formula raw material economics as ecological organic soilless culture substrate is feasible, and its lightweight and water retention property disclosure satisfy that crop
Normal growth development needs, and this raw material localization, low cost, renewable, environment-friendly type seedling medium have wide development
Prospect.
The content of the invention
The present invention is for the raw material required for prior art are more, complex process and be easily mingled with harmful microorganism and cause
Practicality it is not strong, the shortcomings of matrix Water-saving effect is bad, propose a kind of straw biological carbon water holding Nutrition Soil high and its preparation side
Method, can effectively solve existing crop material pollution problem, realize crop material recycling.The invention can significantly improve culture
The water holding water retention property of matrix, the Nutrition Soil prepared using the invention has the nutrient holding capacity and nutrient supply energy of stabilization
Power, its stable in physicochemical property, formula are simple, practical, are provided simultaneously with good planting effect, can be vegetables, flowers, seedling
Wood etc. provides full nutrition, complete period formula culture matrix.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention relates to a kind of straw biological carbon water holding Nutrition Soil high, its component and content are：Crush the stalk after fermentation
55-68%, straw charring particle 28-40% and Biodegradable Superabsorbent Resin 3-5%, wherein：Nitrogen effectively contains
It is 200-500gm to measure-3、P2O5Content is 20-50gm-3, Determination of Potassium be 100-300gm-3。
The present invention relates to the preparation method of above-mentioned Nutrition Soil, comprise the following steps：
Step 1) by free of contamination crop material categorised collection, degree of lignification is low, labile crop material machinery is broken
Broken, degree of lignification stalk high carries out high temperature carbonization granulation.
Step 2) to ferment is added in the broken stalk after step 1 treatment, carry out compost fermentation.
Step 3) fermentation after the completion of, add Biodegradable Superabsorbent Resin, add straw biological charcoal particle, Ran Houchong
Divide well mixed.
Step 4) according to vegetables classification regulation pH and electrical conductivity is applicable, then vacuumize packing and storing.
Technique effect
Compared with prior art, raw material sources of the present invention are easily obtained and with low cost, while solving a large amount of crop materials
Outlet, have great importance for agricultural crop straw prevention and cure of pollution, for the utilization of resources of agricultural crop straw provide it is reliable
Method.Meanwhile, Nutrition Soil formula proposed by the present invention is different from cellar culture matrix, is based primarily upon crop material and crushes and high temperature
Charing granulating raw material, its nutrient sustainable supply ability is greatly improved, and nutrient flow vector is substantially reduced.What the method was proposed
Nutrition Soil formula is simple, practical, solves the hypodynamic open defect of conventional substrate specific retention, reduces irrigation times.This
Outward, the Nutrition Soil small volume that the invention is produced, for transport, storage etc. are provided convenience.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present invention process schematic flow sheet.
Specific embodiment
The present embodiment is comprised the following steps:
Step 1) by free of contamination crop material categorised collection, degree of lignification is low, labile crop material machinery is broken
Broken, degree of lignification stalk high is granulated.
Described free of contamination crop material refers to：The agricultural crop straw or other stalks for originating in pollution-free area are discarded
Thing (including afforestation, timber processing waste etc.), all kinds of heavy metals and poisonous and harmful substance are not detected, and residues of pesticides reach
Mark；Meanwhile, stalk removes the impurity such as grass-seed, stone through drying, sorting.
Described categorised collection refers to：Degree of lignification is low, labile stalk Mechanical Crushing, including rice straw, jade
Rice stalk and vegetable crop discarded object, and leaf etc.；Lignifying degree stalk high includes wheat stalk, arbor, shrub
And leftover pieces, the root of trees, the branch of timber etc..
Described is broken, including crushing, two steps of sieving, specially:Crop material is crushed using stalk crasher
To 2-5mm；Sieving, fibre length carries out secondary smashing more than 5mm, and stalk treatment is reached into required level.
Described charing granulation, refers to that crop material is carried out into pyrolysis charring in 350-450 DEG C of retort to be given birth into stalk
Material charcoal, while being pressed into the particle of particle diameter 5-8mm.
Step 2) to ferment is added in the Nutrition Soil raw material after step 1 treatment, carry out compost fermentation.
Described ferment is specially EM bacterium and urea is constituted, and its addition is：EM bacterium:Urea:Nutrition Soil raw material presses 1:
500:4000 weight is than mixing.
Described EM bacterium refer to：Bifidocaterium, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus (use but are not limited to：Bacillus licheniformis, withered grass
Bacillus, colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis etc.), photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycete, actinomyces and acetic acid bacteria, through expanding
Training, fermentation, the complex microorganism bacterial classification of spray drying, every gram contains beneficial total bacteria count >=50,000,000,000 CFU in the EM bacterium.
The described compost fermentation that carries out refers to：Stalk material after mixing is stacked in the fermentation tank built a wall, the fermentation
The wall 1.2-1.5m high of groove, wall Aspect Ratio is 1:4；Fermentation temperature is controlled to 25-35 DEG C, and moisture 50-60%, time control exists
25-45 days.
Step 3) fermentation after the completion of, addition Biodegradable Superabsorbent Resin (Super Absorbent Polymer,
SAP) and charcoal particle, it is then sufficiently mixed uniform.
Described fermentation is completed：The quality standard of composting production is weighed as comprehensive evaluation index using rotten degree, its
In：Physical index (such as temperature, smell, color) is more directly perceived with the change of composting process, stalk overstrike or dark brown,
The softness of holding is flexible when wet, very crisp when dry to be easily broken, and can serve as qualitatively criterion；Chemical index includes carbon
Nitrogen ratio, ammoniate, organic compound, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and humus content etc.；Biological indicator includes microbial population
Indicated and some sanitary indexs with quantity, enzyme class and activity, phytotoxicity.
Described Biodegradable Superabsorbent Resin, according to 3.0% weight than addition, to improve holding for Nutrition Soil
Aqueous energy, reduces during Nutrition Soil is cultivated frequency of watering, and is that crop persistently provides moisture and nutrient.
Described Biodegradable Superabsorbent Resin has good water absorbing properties and water holding capacity, and water suction is up to itself
Even thousands of times of hundreds times of weight, and water-retaining property is strong, dehydration is not easy to being heated, under pressurized conditions, to light, heat, soda acid
Good stability, and with good biodegradability.
Described addition charcoal particle, specifically refers to：By crop material (volume is in below 15mm graininess) fully powder
Essence, diameter is less than 1mm after smashing, is then granulated, and particle diameter is carried out after 2-3mm, granulation under the conditions of furnace high-temperature
Destructive distillation, anaerobic charing.
With 30% weight than adding charcoal particle of the size in 2-3mm, and material volume weight is adjusted in 0.4-0.75g
cm-3So that mixed material total porosity is more than 60%, and water holding hole is more than 45%.
Described being sufficiently mixed refer to uniformly：Above-mentioned material is sufficiently stirred for using mechanical means, is mixed.
Step 4) according to vegetables classification regulation pH and electrical conductivity is applicable, then vacuumize packing and storing.
Described regulation is specifically referred to：For the vegetables major class such as leaf vegetables, solanaceous vegetables, melon, tubers, after mixing
Product pH value is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, and electrical conductivity is controlled in 0.1-0.2mScm, to control the total concentration of Medium Culture soluble-salt,
It is easy to root system development and the growth of raise crop.
Described leaf vegetables refers to：Green vegetables, wild cabbage, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, spinach, celery etc..
Described solanaceous vegetables refer to：Tomato, capsicum, cucumber, eggplant etc..
It is described melon to refer to：Muskmelon, watermelon, "Hami" melon etc..
Described tubers refers to：Radish, Ipomoea batatas, Chinese yam etc..
The described packing and storing that vacuumizes refers to：The said goods are packed according to 1kg dress standards, is sealed after vacuumizing
Dress, its object is to reduce Nutrition Soil volume, facilitates accumulating and extends the shelf life.
Step 5) Nutrition Soil is poured into planting container add without chlorine water, adjust water content, sowing or after transplanting, according to plant
Thing carries out matching convention water and fertilizer management, realizes that soil optimizes.
Described Nutrition Soil, according to the size of planting container, pours into the Nutrition Soil for accounting for the volume of planting container 1/3, holds
Device bottom should retain ventilative, osculum.
Described can use but be not limited to without chlorine water：Be exposed to the sun in the sun a whole day or shady place it is static place 48 hours with
On running water, clean river or well water.
Described regulation water content refers to：Adjust Nutrition Soil water content to 35-45%.
After described sowing or transplanting, carrying out conventional water and fertilizer management according to respective crop refers to：Leaf vegetables, solanaceous vegetables,
After the sowing of melon, rhizome vegetable seed or seedling replanting, according to corresponding Crop Group, routinely field planting method is carried out
Water and fertilizer management, this formula nutritional soil can meet 1-2 batches of crop nutrition content demand.
Below for the Nutrition Soil that the present invention is prepared compares with commercially available matrix effect：
Influence of the different substrates of table 1 to tomato plant strain growth amount
Influence of the different substrates of table 2 to eggplant growth increment
Influence of the different substrates of table 3 to milpa increment
The straw biological carbon water holding Nutrition Soil high prepared by using above-described embodiment carries out potted plant growth, as a result shows:
The method provides good recycling approach for garden agricultural stalk discarded object, the water holding high battalion based on straw biological carbon
Support the native leaf vegetables planted, solanaceous vegetables, melon, rhizome vegetable to grow fine, growth period is slightly shorter than generic media, and germination percentage is carried
5% is risen, plant height can increase by 10% in the identical seedling age phase, and plant diameter increases by more than 8%, can be obtained more using this matrix
Sturdy plant, cultivates strong sprout；Embodiment effect shows, straw biological carbon water holding Nutrition Soil high have fabulous Water-saving effect and
Nutrient sustainable supply ability, irrigation times reduce more than 70% than conventional nutrient soil, and nutrient loss reduces more than 50%.
Above-mentioned specific implementation can by those skilled in the art on the premise of without departing substantially from the principle of the invention and objective with difference
Mode local directed complete set is carried out to it, protection scope of the present invention is defined and not by above-mentioned specific implementation institute by claims
Limit, each implementation in the range of it is by the constraint of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of straw biological carbon water holding Nutrition Soil high, it is characterised in that its component and content are：Crush the stalk after fermentation
55-68%, straw charring particle 28-40% and Biodegradable Superabsorbent Resin 3-5%, wherein：Nitrogen effectively contains
It is 200-500gm to measure-3、P2O5Content is 20-50gm-3, Determination of Potassium be 100-300gm-3。
2. the preparation method of straw biological carbon according to claim 1 water holding Nutrition Soil high, it is characterised in that including following
Step：
Step 1) by free of contamination crop material categorised collection and carry out Mechanical Crushing or charing granulation；
Step 2) to ferment is added in the Nutrition Soil raw material after step 1 treatment, carry out compost fermentation；
Step 3) fermentation after the completion of, add Biodegradable Superabsorbent Resin, add charcoal particle, be then sufficiently mixed
It is even；
Step 4) according to vegetables classification regulation pH and electrical conductivity is applicable, then vacuumize packing and storing.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described free of contamination crop material refers to：Without weight
Metal and poisonous and harmful substance, residues of pesticides stalk up to standard, through drying, sorting, remove impurity.
4. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described step 1, specially：By rice straw, corn
Stalk and vegetable crop discarded object carry out Mechanical Crushing, and lignifying degree stalk high is included into wheat stalk, arbor, shrub
And the leftover pieces of timber, the root of trees, branch carry out charing granulation.
5. the preparation method according to claim 2 or 4, it is characterized in that, described charing granulation, refers to that crop material exists
Pyrolysis charring is carried out in 350-450 DEG C of retort into straw biomass charcoal, while being pressed into the particle of particle diameter 5-8mm.
6. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described ferment is specially EM bacterium and urea is constituted,
Its consumption is：EM bacterium:Urea:Nutrition Soil raw material presses 1:500:4000 weight ratio is mixed, wherein：
Described EM bacterium refer to：Bifidocaterium, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycete, actinomyces and acetic acid bacteria, through expanding
Training, fermentation, the complex microorganism bacterial classification of spray drying；Every gram contains beneficial total bacteria count >=50,000,000,000 CFU in the EM bacterium.
7. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the described compost fermentation that carries out refers to：After mixing
Stalk material is stacked in the fermentation tank built a wall, the wall 1.2-1.5m high of the fermentation tank, and wall Aspect Ratio is 1:4；Fermentation temperature
It is controlled to 25-35 DEG C, moisture 50-60%, time control was at 25-45 days.
8. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described Biodegradable Superabsorbent Resin, according to
The weight of 1.5-3.0%, to improve the water retention property of Nutrition Soil, reduces during Nutrition Soil is cultivated frequency of watering than addition, is to make
Thing persistently provides moisture and nutrient.
9. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described addition charcoal particle is specifically referred to：To make
Thing stalk is granulated after fully smashing, and carries out destructive distillation, anaerobic charing after granulation under the conditions of furnace high-temperature；With 30% weight than adding
Charcoal particle, and material volume weight is adjusted in 0.4-0.75gcm-3So that mixed material total porosity is more than 60%, water-holding pore
Gap is more than 45%.
10. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described step 4 is specifically referred to：For leaf vegetables, eggplant
Fruit, melon, rhizome vegetable, the product pH value after mixing is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, and electrical conductivity is controlled in 0.1-0.2mS
Cm, to control the total concentration of Medium Culture soluble-salt, is easy to root system development and the growth of raise crop.
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| CN107500926A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-22 | 百色阳生农业开发有限公司 | A kind of eggplant seedling raising dedicated substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN107555603A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-01-09 | 四川大学 | Rainwater ecological purification method |
| CN107896918A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-04-13 | 新疆生产建设兵团第十师科学技术局 | A kind of muskmelon seedling medium |
| CN107935687A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-04-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Suitable for the organic culture substrate of Coastal beach bare place facility |
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| CN109796267A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-24 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of dedicated full nutrition slow-release cultivation matrix of muskmelon and preparation method thereof |
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