CN106836206A - Casing rotary digging bore forming method - Google Patents
Casing rotary digging bore forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106836206A CN106836206A CN201710206000.0A CN201710206000A CN106836206A CN 106836206 A CN106836206 A CN 106836206A CN 201710206000 A CN201710206000 A CN 201710206000A CN 106836206 A CN106836206 A CN 106836206A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
- E02D5/385—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with removal of the outer mould-pipes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种护筒旋挖成桩施工方法，包括以下施工过程：场地平整、放线定位、钻机就位、土层钻进、钢护筒施工、土层继续钻进、钻进岩层、沉渣清理、成孔验收、钻机移位、钢筋笼安装、导管安装、灌注混凝土、随浇随提升护筒、浇筑完成拔出护筒、和成桩检测。采用全机械化施工，更具有施工速度快、造价低、安全可靠、质量稳定。
The invention provides a casing rotary excavation pile construction method, which includes the following construction processes: site leveling, line setting positioning, drilling rig in place, soil layer drilling, steel casing construction, soil layer continuous drilling, and rock formation drilling , sediment cleaning, hole acceptance, drilling rig shifting, reinforcement cage installation, conduit installation, pouring concrete, pouring and lifting the casing, pulling out the casing after pouring, and pile inspection. The use of fully mechanized construction has the advantages of fast construction speed, low cost, safety and reliability, and stable quality.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种施工方法，具体涉及一种护筒旋挖成桩施工方法。The invention relates to a construction method, in particular to a construction method of rotary excavation of a casing to form piles.
背景技术Background technique
针对此现状，重庆现阶段迫切需要一种能够提高施工效率、保证施工质量、避免施工事故，发展成熟的旋挖施工技术。在高回填土层中的桩基施工，采用人工挖孔桩安全风险大；采用常规的旋挖钻机施工，施工过程中存在因塌孔等原因造成的各种质量问题；采用混凝土预灌法旋挖施工，施工工序复杂，施工速度慢，造价高。In view of this situation, Chongqing urgently needs a well-developed rotary excavation construction technology that can improve construction efficiency, ensure construction quality, and avoid construction accidents at this stage. In the pile foundation construction in the high backfill soil layer, the use of manual excavation piles has a high safety risk; the use of conventional rotary drilling rigs for construction, there are various quality problems caused by hole collapse and other reasons during the construction process; the use of concrete pre-filling method Excavation construction, the construction process is complex, the construction speed is slow, and the cost is high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的问题是针对现有技术中所存在的上述不足而提供一种护筒旋挖成桩施工方法施工工序简单易操作，采用全机械化施工，更具有施工速度快、造价低、安全可靠、质量稳定等特点The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a casing rotary excavation pile construction method with simple and easy operation in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art. It adopts fully mechanized construction, and has the advantages of fast construction speed, low cost and safety. Reliable, stable quality and other characteristics
为实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下的技术方案：一种护筒旋挖成桩施工方法，包括以下施工过程：1)、场地平整；2)、放线定位；3)、钻机就位；4)、土层钻进；5)、钢护筒施工；6)、土层继续钻进；7)、钻进岩层；8)、沉渣清理；9)、成孔验收；10)、钻机移位；11)、钢筋笼安装；12)、导管安装；13)、灌注混凝土；14)、随浇随提升护筒；15)、浇筑完成拔出护筒；16)、成桩检测。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a construction method of casing rotary excavation into piles, including the following construction processes: 1), site leveling; 2), setting out and positioning; 3), drilling rig in place; 4), drilling into the soil layer; 5), steel casing construction; 6), continuing to drill into the soil layer; 7), drilling into the rock layer; 8), cleaning up the sediment; 11), steel cage installation; 12), conduit installation; 13), pouring concrete; 14), lifting the casing while pouring; 15), pulling out the casing after pouring; 16), pile detection.
进一步，场地平整要求液压多功能旋挖钻机就位时与平面最大倾角不超过4°，现场地面承载力大于250KPa。Furthermore, the leveling of the site requires that the maximum inclination angle of the hydraulic multifunctional rotary drilling rig to the plane should not exceed 4°, and the ground bearing capacity of the site should be greater than 250KPa.
进一步，桩位放线按从整体到局部的原则，便道与钻孔位置保持不小于3米的距离。Further, according to the principle of setting out the pile position from the whole to the part, the distance between the access road and the drilling position should be kept not less than 3 meters.
进一步，钻机就位后钻头中心和桩中心应对正准确，误差控制在2cm内。Further, after the drilling rig is in place, the center of the drill bit and the center of the pile should be accurate, and the error should be controlled within 2cm.
进一步，钢护筒施工包括钢护筒连接和钢护筒安装。Further, steel casing construction includes steel casing connection and steel casing installation.
进一步，所述一种护筒旋挖成桩施工方法针对于沉积层(通常呈松散状态)，沙层，杂填土层、卵砾石层、淤泥层等不稳定地层和临界稳定地层在钻孔时采用。Further, said a kind of casing rotary excavation pile construction method is aimed at the sedimentary layer (usually in a loose state), sand layer, miscellaneous fill soil layer, pebble gravel layer, silt layer and other unstable formations and critically stable formations in the borehole. when used.
进一步，导管安装时，若灌注的混凝土面距离水面不太大的情况下(如小于5m)，出现导管堵塞混凝土无法灌注，混凝土未初凝时，应及时提出导管，在导管底部设置能方便脱落的防水塞，防水塞可以用混凝土制作，当实用将导管重新插入混凝土内，导管内装灌混凝土后稍提导管，利用新混凝土的自重将防水塞压出，然后继续灌注。Furthermore, when the conduit is installed, if the distance between the poured concrete surface and the water surface is not too large (such as less than 5m), the conduit will be blocked and the concrete will not be poured. When the concrete is not initially set, the conduit should be lifted out in time, and the conduit should be installed at the bottom to facilitate falling off. The waterproof plug can be made of concrete. When it is practical, reinsert the conduit into the concrete. After filling the conduit with concrete, lift the conduit a little, press the waterproof plug out by the weight of the new concrete, and then continue pouring.
进一步，所述钻机包括钻头和安装在所述钻头上方的校准设备，所述校准设备包括激光发射模块、激光接受模块、控制器、蜂鸣器和镜面，所述激光发射模块和激光接受模块对应所述钻头，所述激光发射模块发射激光并能通过所述镜面反射给所述激光接受模块，所述激光发射模块、激光接受模块和蜂鸣器分别连接所述控制器。Further, the drilling rig includes a drill bit and a calibration device installed above the drill bit, the calibration device includes a laser emitting module, a laser receiving module, a controller, a buzzer and a mirror, and the laser emitting module and the laser receiving module correspond to The drill bit, the laser emitting module emits laser light and can reflect it to the laser receiving module through the mirror, and the laser emitting module, laser receiving module and buzzer are respectively connected to the controller.
进一步，所述镜面直径为2cm。Further, the diameter of the mirror is 2cm.
进一步，所述控制器没有收到所述激光接受模块收到的信号时不响铃，所述控制器收到所述激光接受模块收到的信号不响铃。Further, the controller does not ring the bell when it does not receive the signal received by the laser receiving module, and the controller does not ring the bell when it receives the signal received by the laser receiving module.
相比于现有技术，本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明采用一种护筒旋挖成桩施工方法，包括以下施工过程：1)、场地平整；2)、放线定位；3)、钻机就位；4)、土层钻进；5)、钢护筒施工；6)、土层继续钻进；7)、钻进岩层；8)、沉渣清理；9)、成孔验收；10)、钻机移位；11)、钢筋笼安装；12)、导管安装；13)、灌注混凝土；14)、随浇随提升护筒；15)、浇筑完成拔出护筒；16)、成桩检测，对各种松散土层地质条件具有良好的适应性，而且施工工序简单易操作，采用全机械化施工，更具有施工速度快、造价低、安全可靠、质量稳定等特点，施工及成桩质量不受土层及地下水等的影响，应用范围广的优势。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention adopts a casing rotary excavation pile construction method, including the following construction process: 1), site leveling; 2), setting-out positioning; 3), drilling rig In place; 4), drilling into the soil layer; 5), steel casing construction; 6), continuing to drill into the soil layer; 7), drilling into the rock layer; 8), cleaning up sediment; 9), acceptance of hole formation; 10) , Drilling rig shifting; 11), steel cage installation; 12), conduit installation; 13), pouring concrete; 14), lifting the casing with pouring; 15), pulling out the casing after pouring; 16), pile detection , has good adaptability to various geological conditions of loose soil layers, and the construction process is simple and easy to operate, adopts fully mechanized construction, and has the characteristics of fast construction speed, low cost, safety, reliability, and stable quality. Affected by soil layers and groundwater, etc., it has the advantage of a wide range of applications.
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现，部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will partly be embodied through the following descriptions, and partly will be understood by those skilled in the art through the study and practice of the present invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明施工流程图。Fig. 1 is the construction flowchart of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与作用更加清楚及易于了解，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步阐述：In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and functions achieved by the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
本发明提出了一种护筒旋挖成桩施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下施工过程：The present invention proposes a casing rotary excavation pile construction method, which is characterized in that it includes the following construction process:
1)、场地平整；施工前严格进行场地平整，做到排水通畅，清楚旋挖作业范围内的地上、地下障碍物；1) The site is leveled; before construction, the site should be leveled strictly to ensure smooth drainage and clear ground and underground obstacles within the scope of rotary excavation;
2)、放线定位；放线定位按从整体到局部的原则进行桩基的位置放线，规划行车路线时，使便道与钻孔位置保持不小于3米的距离，以免影响孔壁稳定；钻机的安放位置应考虑钻孔施工中孔口出土清运的方便。桩位的中心点，在场地平整后，成孔前用全站仪放点，十字线定位，做好十字桩的保护，下护筒后用全站仪进行二次检测，在成孔后与吊钢筋笼前再次检测，使其误差在规范要求内，以确保桩位准确；2) Setting out positioning; setting out the position of the pile foundation according to the principle of from the whole to the local area. When planning the driving route, keep the distance between the sidewalk and the drilling position not less than 3 meters, so as not to affect the stability of the hole wall; The location of the drilling rig should consider the convenience of excavation and transportation during drilling construction. For the center point of the pile position, after the site is leveled, use the total station to place the point before forming the hole, position the cross line, and protect the cross pile. After the casing is lowered, use the total station for secondary inspection. Check again before hanging the reinforcement cage to make the error within the specification requirements to ensure the accuracy of the pile position;
3)、钻机就位；钻机的摆放位置应考虑钻孔施工中孔口出土清运的方便。钻机行驶到施工的孔位，调整桅杆角度，操作卷扬机，将钻头中心与桩孔中心对准，并放入孔内，调整钻机垂直度参数，使钻杆垂直，同时稍微提升钻具，确保钻头环刀自由浮动孔内；旋挖钻机底盘为伸缩式自动整平装置，并在操作室内有仪表准确显示电子读数，当钻头对准桩位中心线时，各项数据即可锁定，无需再做调整；3) The drilling rig is in place; the location of the drilling rig should consider the convenience of excavation and transportation during drilling construction. The drilling rig drives to the construction hole position, adjusts the angle of the mast, operates the winch, aligns the center of the drill bit with the center of the pile hole, and puts it into the hole, adjusts the verticality parameters of the drilling rig to make the drill pipe vertical, and at the same time slightly lifts the drill tool to ensure that the drill bit In the free floating hole of the ring cutter; the chassis of the rotary drilling rig is a telescopic automatic leveling device, and there is an instrument in the operating room to accurately display the electronic readings. When the drill bit is aligned with the center line of the pile position, all data can be locked without further adjustment. Adjustment;
4)、土层钻进；钻孔时先将取土钻斗着地，通过显示器上的清零按钮进行清零操作，记录钻机钻头的原始位置，此时，显示器显示钻孔的当前位置的条形柱和数字，操作人员可通过显示器监测钻孔的实际工作位置、每次进尺位置及孔深位置，从而操作钻孔作业；当钻斗被挤压充满钻渣后，将其提出地表，循环往复；4) Drilling in the soil layer; when drilling, put the soil-borrowing bucket on the ground first, and perform the reset operation through the reset button on the display to record the original position of the drill bit. At this time, the display shows the current position of the drilled hole. The operator can monitor the actual working position of the drilling hole, the position of each footage and the position of the hole depth through the display, so as to operate the drilling operation; when the drilling bucket is squeezed and filled with drilling slag, it is lifted out of the ground and circulated reciprocating;
5)、钢护筒施工；钢护筒施工包括钢护筒连接和钢护筒安装，其中钢护筒连接据设计孔深及地勘资料确定钢护筒长度，钻孔施工过程中即可准备钢护筒，钢护筒接长可以采用螺栓连接，也可以采用焊接连接；采用焊接连接可以对钢护筒进行切割成需要的长度，焊接时需控制焊接质量，保证钢护筒安装及拔出过程中不出现问题；采用螺栓连接，结构简单、施工快捷、装拆方便、效率较高，钢护筒采用标准节，易于安装接长，对于“边成孔边护筒跟进护壁”施工方法来说施工进度更快，并且更便于全钢护筒旋挖成桩施工技术实现钢护筒的循环使用，符合经济、绿色施工的理念，有利于城市对噪音的控制和对环境保护的要求；钢护筒安装分为五种状态，第一种为当钻孔在进入强风化岩层后，即可开始全钢护筒的安装施工，下护筒采用履带吊进行吊装下放；第二种为钢护筒下放时吊机吊起钢护筒对准孔口，保证钢护筒中心与孔中心对齐，钢护筒缓慢下放；第三种为如果钻孔过程中出现斜孔的现象，钢护筒就不能顺利下放；此时就需要将护筒拔出，重新下钻头重新钻孔，保证钻孔的垂直度达到要求，再进行钢护筒的安装；第四种钢护筒下放至岩层附近时，下放可能会有些困难，此时可以利用旋挖机钻头对称在护筒的周边施加压力，同时利用挖机来回缓慢推动钢护筒，使得钢护筒下放到设计位置；第五种在钻孔过程中遇到特别容易塌孔的地质，在钻进过程中就需要分节下放钢护筒；具体流程举例说明如下：①对于2m直径桩基，首先用2m钻头钻孔。钻孔到一定深度后(根据塌孔情况确定深度)，用钻头扩孔至2.1m，下第一节钢护筒护，护筒外径2.1m，内径2.05m；②第一节钢护筒安装完成后，下2m钻头进行第二次钻孔，钻孔完成下第二节护筒；第二节护筒与第一节先进行焊接连接或螺栓连接，连接好后用旋挖机的动力头套住护筒往下压，将第二节护筒压入；③第二节护筒压入后，进行第三次钻孔，重复下钢护筒，以此类推循环施工直至进入岩层；5), steel casing construction; steel casing construction includes steel casing connection and steel casing installation, wherein the steel casing connection determines the length of the steel casing according to the design hole depth and geological survey data, and can be prepared during drilling construction The length of the steel casing can be connected by bolts or by welding; the steel casing can be cut to the required length by welding, and the welding quality must be controlled during welding to ensure the installation and extraction of the steel casing There are no problems in the process; the bolt connection is adopted, the structure is simple, the construction is quick, the assembly and disassembly is convenient, and the efficiency is high. The steel casing adopts standard joints, which is easy to install and extend. For the construction method of "while the hole is formed, the casing follows the wall" The construction progress is faster, and it is more convenient for the construction technology of all-steel casing rotary excavation to realize the recycling of steel casing, which is in line with the concept of economical and green construction, and is conducive to the city's noise control and environmental protection requirements; The installation of the steel casing is divided into five states. The first type is that the installation and construction of the all-steel casing can be started after the drill hole enters the strongly weathered rock formation, and the lower casing is hoisted and lowered by a crawler crane; When the casing is lowered, the steel casing is hoisted by the crane and aligned with the hole to ensure that the center of the steel casing is aligned with the center of the hole, and the steel casing is lowered slowly; It cannot be lowered smoothly; at this time, it is necessary to pull out the casing, lower the drill bit and re-drill to ensure that the verticality of the drilling hole meets the requirements, and then install the steel casing; when the fourth type of steel casing is lowered to the vicinity of the rock formation , it may be difficult to lower it down. At this time, you can use the drill bit of the rotary excavator to apply pressure symmetrically on the periphery of the casing, and at the same time use the excavator to slowly push the steel casing back and forth, so that the steel casing is lowered to the design position; the fifth is to drill the casing. During the drilling process, when encountering geology that is particularly prone to hole collapse, it is necessary to lower the steel casing in sections during the drilling process; the specific process is illustrated as follows: ① For a pile foundation with a diameter of 2m, first use a 2m drill bit to drill the hole. After drilling to a certain depth (determine the depth according to the collapsed hole), ream the hole to 2.1m with a drill bit, and install the first section of steel casing, the outer diameter of the casing is 2.1m, and the inner diameter is 2.05m; ②The first section of steel casing After the installation is completed, lower the 2m drill bit for the second drilling to complete the second section of the casing; the second section of the casing and the first section are first welded or bolted, and after the connection is completed, use the power of the rotary excavator Cover the casing with the head and press down, and press the second section of the casing; ③ After the second section of the casing is pressed in, perform the third drilling, repeat the lowering of the steel casing, and so on and so forth until it enters the rock formation;
6)、土层继续钻进；在钻进过程中，必须随时记录钻孔深度，测算当前孔底标高，当成孔底标高在即将达到设计桩底标高时，即可停止钻进，并会同业主、监理、地勘等判定当前岩层情况。采用直桶式岩芯筒钻，连接旋挖机，伸入孔底钻出圆柱体岩石后，人工用小型直径15cm水钻钻出试件石块，送至实验室检测，根据岩石强度是否达到要求确定是否再进行钻进，避免超钻或少钻；施工过程中通过钻机本身的垂直控制系统和对钻杆反复检查成孔的垂直度，要求成孔垂直度偏差不得大于孔深的1％，确保成孔质量；同时需要对钻机情况进行记录，旋挖钻机钻进施工时及时填写，主要填写内容为：工作项目，钻进深度，钻进速度、护筒埋深、各岩土层面标高及孔底标高；该表由专人负责填写，交接班时应有交接记录；根据旋挖钻机钻孔钻进速度的变化和土层取样认真做好地质情况记录，每处孔桩必须备有土层地质样品盒，在盒内标明各样品在孔桩所处的标高和取样时间；钻孔桩地质与设计不符时及时报请监理或地勘单位现场负责人进行现场确认，由设计单位确定是否进行变更设计；钻孔达到预定钻孔深度后，提起钻杆，测量孔深及沉渣厚度并在表中做好记录；6) Continue to drill into the soil layer; during the drilling process, the drilling depth must be recorded at any time, and the current hole bottom elevation must be measured. When the hole bottom elevation is about to reach the design pile bottom elevation, the drilling can be stopped and the owner will be informed. , supervision, geological survey, etc. to determine the current rock formation conditions. Use a straight barrel type core barrel drill, connect with a rotary excavator, extend into the bottom of the hole to drill out the cylindrical rock, then manually use a small diameter 15cm water drill to drill out the test piece of stone, and send it to the laboratory for testing. According to whether the rock strength meets the requirements Determine whether to drill again to avoid over-drilling or under-drilling; during the construction process, the verticality of the hole is repeatedly checked through the vertical control system of the drilling rig itself and the drill pipe. The deviation of the verticality of the hole is required to be no greater than 1% of the hole depth. Ensure the quality of the hole; at the same time, it is necessary to record the situation of the drilling rig, and fill it in time when the rotary drilling rig is drilling. Elevation of the bottom of the hole; this form shall be filled out by a special person, and there should be a handover record when the shift is handed over; according to the change of the drilling speed of the rotary drilling rig and the sampling of the soil layer, the geological conditions shall be carefully recorded, and the soil layer must be prepared for each hole pile Geological sample box, where the elevation and sampling time of each sample in the bored pile are marked; if the drilled pile geology does not conform to the design, please promptly report to the supervisor or the person in charge of the geological survey unit for on-site confirmation, and the design unit will determine whether to make changes Design; after the drill hole reaches the predetermined drilling depth, lift the drill pipe, measure the hole depth and sediment thickness and record them in the table;
7)、钻进岩层；最后钻进岩层达到设计标高；7), Drill into the rock formation; finally drill into the rock formation to reach the design elevation;
8)、沉渣清理；当钻孔达到设计深度后，用双底清渣钻头提至距孔底0.1m～0.3m处，使之空转，将残存在孔底的沉渣吸出。清孔完毕后报请监理进行检查验收，并测量孔深，再进入下一道工序；8) Sediment cleaning: When the drill hole reaches the designed depth, use the double-bottom slag removal drill bit to lift it to a distance of 0.1m to 0.3m from the bottom of the hole, make it idle, and suck out the sediment remaining at the bottom of the hole. After clearing the hole, report to the supervisor for inspection and acceptance, and measure the hole depth before entering the next process;
9)、成孔验收；成孔后，对孔深、孔径、孔壁垂直度、沉渣厚度等进行检查，检测前准备好检测工具，如测绳、测锤等。成孔底标高与设计桩底标高误差不得大于±500mm并满足相邻桩刚性角的要求，成孔直径不得小于设计桩径，孔壁垂直度误差不大于1％，沉渣厚度小于50mm；9) Acceptance of the hole; after the hole is formed, check the hole depth, hole diameter, verticality of the hole wall, sediment thickness, etc., and prepare testing tools before testing, such as measuring ropes and measuring hammers. The difference between the elevation of the bottom of the hole and the elevation of the designed pile shall not be greater than ±500mm and meet the requirements of the rigidity angle of adjacent piles, the diameter of the hole shall not be smaller than the diameter of the designed pile, the error of the verticality of the hole wall shall not be greater than 1%, and the thickness of the sediment shall be less than 50mm;
10)、钻机移位；可以采用千斤顶对四个角同时移动；10), the drilling rig shifts; the jack can be used to move the four corners at the same time;
11)、钢筋笼安装；a钢筋笼采用分节制作，先根据设计桩编号分别制作部分钢筋笼，制作时应注意接头处互相错开，在成孔后根据成孔深度采用焊接连接到一起；当桩孔超过25m时，为保证钢筋笼的整体质量和吊装时的安全，分两次吊装到位，钢筋笼分两次在孔口绑扎搭接后再焊接连接成型；钢筋笼在加工时确保主筋位置准确，加劲箍筋间距要符合设计要求，加劲箍筋与主筋之间采取点焊固定，注意焊接时不得焊伤主筋；主筋与加劲箍焊接成整体后，再绑扎螺旋箍筋，绑扎时应注意加密区和非加密区的间距和长度要符合设计要求；b整根钢筋笼制作完成后，经自检合格后报监理工程师检查认可，然后用吊车将钢筋加工场内的钢筋笼吊至孔口，钢筋笼安装前应清除粘附的泥土和油渍，保证钢筋与混凝土紧密黏结；钢筋笼吊装时应注意吊点的设置，原则上吊点不得少于4个，吊点设置在每节钢筋笼最上一层加劲箍处，对称布置，起吊时利用挖机配合，避免钢筋笼的变形；当钢筋笼长度少于25m时，整体一次性吊装到孔口，对正后缓慢下放；当钢筋笼长度超过25m时，分两次吊装，先将下截次钢筋笼临时支撑在钢护筒上，再用吊车将上截次钢筋笼吊装就位，使上下两截次钢筋笼骨架位于同直线上进行连接固定，固定后再将上下主筋焊接连接到一起，整体焊接成型后报监理工程师检查焊接质量，合格后再缓慢下放钢筋笼；下放到位后再固定钢筋笼，要根据钢护筒的偏位情况将钢筋笼中心反方向调整，以使钢筋笼中心与桩中心重合；11) Reinforcement cage installation; a. Reinforcement cages are manufactured in sections. First, part of the reinforcement cages are manufactured according to the design pile numbers. During production, attention should be paid to the joints staggering each other. After the holes are formed, they are connected together by welding according to the depth of the holes; When the pile hole exceeds 25m, in order to ensure the overall quality of the steel cage and the safety of hoisting, it is hoisted in place twice, and the steel cage is bound and lapped at the hole in two times and then welded and connected; the steel cage is processed to ensure the position of the main reinforcement Accurate, the spacing between the stiffening stirrups must meet the design requirements, spot welding is used between the stiffening stirrups and the main reinforcement, and attention should be paid not to weld the main reinforcement during welding; after the main reinforcement and the stiffening stirrups are welded as a whole, then bind the spiral stirrups, and pay attention when binding The spacing and length of the dense area and the non-encrypted area must meet the design requirements; b After the entire steel cage is manufactured, it will be reported to the supervisory engineer for inspection and approval after passing the self-inspection, and then the steel cage in the steel processing plant will be hoisted to the opening by a crane , Before installing the reinforcement cage, the adhered soil and oil stains should be removed to ensure that the reinforcement and concrete are tightly bonded; when the reinforcement cage is hoisted, attention should be paid to the setting of the lifting points. The stiffening hoops on the first floor shall be arranged symmetrically. When lifting, use an excavator to cooperate to avoid deformation of the reinforcement cage; When the height is 25m, it is hoisted twice. First, temporarily support the lower reinforcement cage on the steel casing, and then hoist the upper reinforcement cage into place with a crane, so that the skeletons of the upper and lower reinforcement cages are on the same straight line for connection. Fix it, and then weld the upper and lower main bars together. After the overall welding is formed, report to the supervisory engineer to check the welding quality. After passing the pass, slowly lower the reinforcement cage; after lowering it to the position, fix the reinforcement cage. Adjust the center of the reinforcement cage in the opposite direction so that the center of the reinforcement cage coincides with the center of the pile;
12)、导管安装；导管是完成水下混凝土灌注的重要工具，导管能否满足工程使用上的要求，对工程质量和施工速度关系很大；水下混凝土导管应进行水密、承压和接头抗拉试验；导管采用壁厚为6mm的钢板卷制焊成。导管应居中下放，导管直径为300mm，导管的分节长度按工艺要求确定，标准节长度2.7m，最上端采用0.5m～1.5m的几节短管调节导管的长度，使管距孔底300mm～500mm，采用法兰盘连接、活接头螺母连接以及快速插接连接；用橡胶“O”型密封圈，严防漏水、漏气；同时导管安装完成后可安装储料斗，用6mm钢板制作，要求不漏浆、不挂浆，漏泄顺畅彻底；应有足够的容量以保证首批灌入的混凝土(既初灌量)能达到要求的埋管深度；12) Conduit installation; conduit is an important tool to complete underwater concrete pouring. Whether the conduit can meet the requirements of the project has a great relationship with the quality of the project and the construction speed; the underwater concrete conduit should be watertight, pressure-bearing and joint resistant. Tensile test; the conduit is rolled and welded with a steel plate with a wall thickness of 6mm. The conduit should be lowered in the middle, and the diameter of the conduit is 300mm. The section length of the conduit is determined according to the process requirements. The standard section length is 2.7m. Several short tubes of 0.5m to 1.5m are used at the top to adjust the length of the conduit so that the distance between the tube and the bottom of the hole is 300mm. ~500mm, using flange connection, union nut connection and quick plug connection; rubber "O" type sealing ring is used to prevent water leakage and air leakage; at the same time, the storage hopper can be installed after the conduit is installed, and it is made of 6mm steel plate. No grout leakage, no grout hanging, smooth and thorough leakage; there should be enough capacity to ensure that the first batch of concrete poured (both initial pouring volume) can reach the required buried pipe depth;
13)、灌注混凝土；灌注混凝土前，臂架泵机首先就位，并确认到场的混凝土能够满足该桩孔需要的混凝土量；将同导管内径的皮球放入导管内，然后封闭料斗口，再将初灌量混凝土放入料斗内，装满后打开料斗口，让混凝土顺导管流入孔内，皮球通过混凝土的自重压力将导管内的水排出，将混凝土顺利灌注到孔底。料斗打开后，混凝土灌注仍应连续进行；在灌注混凝土时，应随时用测绳测混凝土的顶面高度；在浇注过程中，导管在拆除前可使导管作30cm的上下往复运动，有利于混凝土的密实；但不得做横向运动，以免泥浆和沉渣混入混凝土内；当混凝土顶面高度超过导管底口高度6m时，可拆除一节导管，拆除前，应先测定混凝土顶面高度，计算导管准确的埋深；拆除的导管长度应做好记录，任何情况下，均必须保证拆除部分导管后，导管埋深度应＞2m。为防止钢筋笼在混凝土灌注过程中发生上拱，升导管要平稳，速度要慢，以防止混凝土冲力过大或钩带钢筋笼；13) Concrete pouring; before pouring concrete, the boom pump is first in place, and it is confirmed that the concrete on site can meet the amount of concrete required for the pile hole; put a ball with the same inner diameter as the conduit into the conduit, then close the hopper mouth, and then Put the initial amount of concrete into the hopper, open the mouth of the hopper after it is full, let the concrete flow into the hole along the conduit, the ball will discharge the water in the conduit through the self-weight pressure of the concrete, and pour the concrete to the bottom of the hole smoothly. After the hopper is opened, the concrete pouring should still be carried out continuously; when pouring concrete, the top surface height of the concrete should be measured with a measuring rope at any time; during the pouring process, the conduit can be reciprocated up and down by 30cm before it is removed, which is beneficial to the concrete However, lateral movement is not allowed to prevent mud and sediment from mixing into the concrete; when the height of the top surface of the concrete exceeds the height of the bottom opening of the conduit by 6m, a section of conduit can be removed. Before removal, the height of the top surface of the concrete should be measured to calculate the accuracy of the conduit The length of the removed conduits should be recorded. In any case, it must be ensured that the buried depth of the conduits should be > 2m after part of the conduits are removed. In order to prevent the steel cage from arching during the concrete pouring process, the lifting conduit should be stable and the speed should be slow, so as to prevent the concrete momentum from being too large or the hook with the steel cage;
14)、随浇随提升护筒；灌注混凝土时，逐渐拔出钢套管(套管靴留在土中)；14) Lift the casing with pouring; when pouring concrete, gradually pull out the steel casing (casing boots stay in the soil);
15)、浇筑完成拔出护筒；成孔验收合格后，钢筋笼制作、安装、验收合格后，在浇筑混凝土过程中，混凝土的顶面高度距护筒底口高度在4m左右时，可以起拔护筒，护筒起拔时利用吊车起拔；如果吊车拔钢护筒时有困难，出现拔不动的情况，则利用拔管机进行拔出。将拔管机套在钢护筒上，搁置在钢护筒边平整压实的地面上，利用拔管机将护筒拔出，拔管机的上拔力约3000KN，行程1m，同时利用吊机配合，达到将护筒拔出的目的；护筒应随浇随拔，严禁全部混凝土量浇筑完成后一次性起拔；护筒起拔时应注意测量和记录高度，确保起拔后混凝土顶面距护筒下口不得小于2m；混凝土浇筑完成，将钢护筒一次性全部拔出，拔出的护筒根据下一根桩基需要的钢护筒长度拆开或加长，清理干净，准备循环使用；15) After the pouring is completed, the casing is pulled out; after the completion of the hole inspection and acceptance, the steel cage is manufactured, installed, and accepted, and in the process of pouring concrete, when the height of the top surface of the concrete is about 4m from the bottom of the casing, it can be lifted. When pulling out the casing, use a crane to pull out the casing; if it is difficult for the crane to pull out the steel casing and the casing cannot be pulled out, use a tube pulling machine to pull it out. Put the tube pulling machine on the steel casing, put it on the flat and compacted ground beside the steel casing, and use the tube pulling machine to pull out the casing. The pulling force of the tube pulling machine is about 3000KN, and the stroke is 1m. The casing should be pulled out as it is poured, and it is strictly forbidden to pull out all the concrete at one time after pouring; when the casing is pulled out, the height should be measured and recorded to ensure that the concrete top The distance between the surface and the lower opening of the casing shall not be less than 2m; after the concrete pouring is completed, all the steel casings shall be pulled out at one time. recycle;
16)、最后成桩检测；16), the final pile detection;
作为具体实施例，场地平整要求液压多功能旋挖钻机就位时与平面最大倾角不超过4°，现场地面承载力大于250KPa。As a specific example, site leveling requires that the maximum inclination angle between the hydraulic multifunctional rotary drilling rig and the plane does not exceed 4° when the hydraulic multifunctional rotary drilling rig is in place, and the ground bearing capacity of the site is greater than 250KPa.
作为具体实施例，钻机就位后钻头中心和桩中心应对正准确，误差控制在2cm内。As a specific example, after the drilling rig is in place, the center of the drill bit and the center of the pile should be accurate, and the error should be controlled within 2cm.
作为具体实施例，通过理论计算和数值模拟确定一个决定是否需要运用钢护筒护壁的土质参数的临界值，以降低施工成本，而不是盲目地所有钻孔都运用全程钢护筒护壁；经试验得出其中不同土质下的临界高度、破坏变形参考值、不需钢护筒支护的最大钻孔深、以及钻设不同深度下所需钢护筒支护深度的结果见表1-1；As a specific example, determine a critical value of the soil parameters that determine whether to use the steel casing and retaining wall through theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, so as to reduce the construction cost, instead of blindly using the whole steel casing and protecting the wall for all drilling holes; after testing The critical height under different soil properties, the reference value of failure deformation, the maximum drilling depth without steel casing support, and the required steel casing support depth for drilling at different depths are shown in Table 1-1;
表1-1不同土质、孔径及深度下钢护筒用量Table 1-1 Consumption of steel casing under different soil quality, hole diameter and depth
以基坑开挖所得的临界破坏状态最大变形为参考值，计算不同土质、孔径及深度下的钢护筒用量；越密实的土质，其不需护筒的最大钻孔深度则越深，软黏土的平均孔深约15m，中硬黏土达到41m，而硬黏土则超过70m；孔径大小也是显著的影响因素，孔径越小，其圆拱效应越显著，相同土质下，1.2m孔径钻孔不需护筒的最大孔深是2m和3m孔径钻孔的2～3倍；当钻孔深度超过其不需护筒的最大孔深时，所加设钢护筒长度普遍小于钻孔深度3m左右，呈现出一定的规律性，认为此时钻孔深度大，孔壁的变形主要来自于地应力的释放，若护筒与钻孔端部离得较远(＞3m)，钻孔前端部约束较弱，导致孔壁发生的变形大；以软黏土质中钻设30m深钻孔为例，当支护的钢护筒长度为26m和27m时，对应的最大水平位移分别为249mm和7.4mm，差距明显；Taking the maximum deformation of the critical failure state obtained from excavation of the foundation pit as a reference value, calculate the amount of steel casing for different soil properties, hole diameters and depths; the denser the soil, the deeper the maximum drilling depth without casing, and the softer The average hole depth of clay is about 15m, medium-hard clay reaches 41m, and hard clay exceeds 70m; the size of the hole is also a significant factor, the smaller the hole, the more significant the arch effect, under the same soil quality, the hole with a hole diameter of 1.2m does not The maximum hole depth that requires a casing is 2 to 3 times that of the 2m and 3m boreholes; when the drilling depth exceeds the maximum hole depth that does not require a casing, the length of the added steel casing is generally less than the drilling depth by about 3m , showing a certain regularity. It is considered that the depth of the borehole is large at this time, and the deformation of the hole wall mainly comes from the release of ground stress. Weaker, resulting in large deformation of the hole wall; taking a 30m-deep hole drilled in soft clay as an example, when the length of the supporting steel casing is 26m and 27m, the corresponding maximum horizontal displacements are 249mm and 7.4mm respectively , the difference is obvious;
本发明选用三种代表性土质(软黏土、中硬黏土和硬黏土)，选取三类常用钻孔(1.2m、2m和3m孔径)，研究了在无水或只含有少量水条件下不同土质及深度对钢护筒旋挖施工技术的影响；通过FLAC-3D软件二维和三维数值分析，得到了不同土质下的临界高度、破坏变形参考值、不需钢护筒支护的最大钻孔深、以及钻设不同深度下所需钢护筒支护深度；得出土质越好，其基坑开挖的临界高度越高；在临界高度不大时(≤10m)，其破坏时的最大变形随基坑深度增加而减少；当临界高度较大(＞15m)，随着地应力增大，基坑开挖后荷载释放越多，其变形更明显，临界破坏时的最大位移将随基坑深度增加而增大；越密实的土质，其不需护筒的最大钻孔深度则越深，软黏土的平均孔深约15m，中硬黏土达到41m，而硬黏土则超过70m；孔径的大小也是影响钻孔深度的显著因素，孔径越小，其圆拱效应越显著。相同土质下，1.2m孔径钻孔不需护筒的最大孔深是2m和3m孔径钻孔的2～3倍；当钻孔深度超过其不需护筒的最大孔深时，所加设钢护筒长度普遍小于钻孔深度3m左右，呈现出一定的规律性。认为此时钻孔深度大，孔壁的变形主要来自于地应力的释放，若护筒与钻孔端部离得较远(＞3m)，钻孔前端部约束较弱，导致孔壁发生的变形大；所以所述一种护筒旋挖成桩施工方法针对于沉积层(通常呈松散状态)，沙层，杂填土层、卵砾石层、淤泥层等不稳定地层和临界稳定地层在钻孔时采用。The present invention selects three kinds of representative soil properties (soft clay, medium hard clay and hard clay), selects three types of commonly used boreholes (1.2m, 2m and 3m aperture), and studies different soil properties under anhydrous or only containing a small amount of water conditions. and the influence of depth on the construction technology of steel casing rotary excavation; through the 2D and 3D numerical analysis of FLAC-3D software, the critical height under different soil properties, the reference value of failure deformation, and the maximum drilling without steel casing support are obtained depth, and the required steel casing support depth at different drilling depths; the better the soil quality, the higher the critical height of foundation pit excavation; when the critical height is not large (≤10m), the maximum damage The deformation decreases as the depth of the foundation pit increases; when the critical height is large (>15m), as the ground stress increases, the more the load is released after the excavation of the foundation pit, the more obvious the deformation, and the maximum displacement at the time of critical failure will increase with the depth of the foundation pit. The depth increases and increases; the denser the soil, the deeper the maximum drilling depth without casing. The average hole depth of soft clay is about 15m, medium hard clay reaches 41m, and hard clay exceeds 70m; the size of the hole diameter It is also a significant factor affecting the drilling depth, the smaller the hole diameter, the more significant the arch effect. Under the same soil quality, the maximum hole depth without casing for 1.2m diameter drilling is 2 to 3 times that of 2m and 3m hole diameter drilling; when the drilling depth exceeds the maximum hole depth without casing, the added steel The length of the casing is generally about 3m less than the drilling depth, showing a certain regularity. It is considered that the drilling depth is large at this time, and the deformation of the hole wall mainly comes from the release of ground stress. If the casing is far away from the end of the drilling hole (> 3m), the constraint at the front end of the drilling hole is weak, resulting in deformation of the hole wall. Deformation is big; So described a kind of casing rotary excavation pile construction method is aimed at sedimentary layer (usually in loose state), sand layer, unstable stratum such as miscellaneous filling soil layer, pebble gravel layer, silt layer and critically stable stratum in Used when drilling.
作为具体实施例，导管安装时，若灌注的混凝土面距离水面不太大的情况下(如小于5m)，出现导管堵塞混凝土无法灌注，混凝土未初凝时，应及时提出导管，在导管底部设置能方便脱落的防水塞，可以直接用套筒套在导管的端部，然后再把防水塞安装在套筒上，防水塞可以用混凝土制作，将导管重新插入混凝土内，导管内装灌混凝土后稍提导管，利用新混凝土的自重将防水塞压出，然后继续灌注。As a specific example, when the conduit is installed, if the poured concrete surface is not too far away from the water surface (such as less than 5m), the conduit is blocked and the concrete cannot be poured. When the concrete is not initially set, the conduit should be raised in time, and a The waterproof plug that can be easily detached can be directly put on the end of the conduit with a sleeve, and then the waterproof plug can be installed on the sleeve. The waterproof plug can be made of concrete, and the conduit is reinserted into the concrete. Lift the conduit, use the weight of the new concrete to push out the waterproof plug, and then continue pouring.
作为具体实施例，所述钻机包括钻头和安装在所述钻头上方的校准设备，所述校准设备包括激光发射模块、激光接受模块、控制器、蜂鸣器和镜面，所述激光发射模块和激光接受模块对应所述钻头，所述激光发射模块发射激光并能通过所述镜面反射给所述激光接受模块，所述激光发射模块、激光接受模块和蜂鸣器分别连接所述控制器，所述镜面摆放在需要施工的桩孔的中心位置，操作所述钻机的钻头移动，当所述激光发射模块发送的激光没有射到所述镜面上时，此时所述激光接受模块没有接受到反射的信号，所述控制器给所述蜂鸣器发送信号不响铃，当所述钻头移动到所述镜面上方时，此时所述激光发射模块发送的激光射到所述镜面上时并通过所述镜面反射给所述激光接受模块，所述激光接受模块收到信号后把信息传递给所述控制器，所述控制器收到信号后控制所述蜂鸣器响铃提醒施工人员所述钻头位置校准，可以开始施工，然后关闭所述浇筑设备，拿走所述镜面就可以开始钻桩孔。As a specific embodiment, the drilling machine includes a drill bit and a calibration device installed above the drill bit, the calibration device includes a laser emitting module, a laser receiving module, a controller, a buzzer and a mirror, the laser emitting module and the laser The receiving module corresponds to the drill bit, the laser emitting module emits laser and can be reflected to the laser receiving module through the mirror, the laser emitting module, the laser receiving module and the buzzer are respectively connected to the controller, and the The mirror surface is placed in the center of the pile hole to be constructed, and the drill bit of the drilling machine is operated to move. When the laser light sent by the laser emitting module does not hit the mirror surface, the laser receiving module does not receive reflection at this time. signal, the controller sends a signal to the buzzer without ringing, when the drill bit moves above the mirror surface, when the laser beam sent by the laser emitting module hits the mirror surface and passes through The mirror surface is reflected to the laser receiving module, and the laser receiving module transmits the information to the controller after receiving the signal, and the controller controls the buzzer to ring to remind the construction personnel after receiving the signal The position of the drill bit is calibrated, and the construction can be started, then the pouring equipment is closed, and the pile hole can be drilled after taking away the mirror surface.
作为具体实施例，根据施工方法确定，所述钻机就位后钻头中心和桩中心应对正准确，误差控制在2cm内，所以所述镜面直径为2cm。As a specific example, according to the construction method, after the drilling rig is in place, the center of the drill bit and the center of the pile should be accurate, and the error should be controlled within 2cm, so the diameter of the mirror is 2cm.
作为具体实施例，所述控制器没有收到所述激光接受模块收到的信号时不响铃，所述控制器收到所述激光接受模块收到的信号不响铃。As a specific embodiment, the controller does not ring the bell when it does not receive the signal received by the laser receiving module, and the controller does not ring the bell when it receives the signal received by the laser receiving module.
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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