CN106767358A - The measurement apparatus and measuring method of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a measuring device and method for unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement, comprising a soil sample chamber, a drainage pipe, a bracket, a dial gauge, an air compressor and a pore water pressure sensor, and the soil sample chamber has a Soil sample chamber, the bottom of the soil sample chamber has a bottom plate that closes the lower end of the soil sample chamber, and the upper end of the soil sample chamber is closed by the movement of the bearing plate. Several weights are evenly placed on the upper surface of the bearing plate, and the bearing plate is fixedly connected. There is a platform, and a bracket is provided outside the soil sample room, and a dial indicator corresponding to the platform is provided on the bracket, and an air compressor is provided outside the soil sample room, and the suction port of the air compressor is connected to the soil sample room through a conduit. The soil sample chamber is airtight and connected, and a pore water pressure sensor is provided outside the soil sample chamber, and a drainpipe communicating with the soil sample chamber is provided at the bottom of the bottom plate of the soil sample chamber. The invention can realize the purpose of separately measuring the soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement under a certain suction force, avoids man-made test errors, and improves the test accuracy.

Description

Measuring device and method for unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical laboratory tests, in particular to a measuring device and method for unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and drainage.

Background technique

The measurement of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement is an important part of soil consolidation test, which is of great significance to the study of soil properties. Accurate measurement of soil consolidation deformation and displacement is an important part of soil consolidation test. And the premise of subsequent data processing, so the measurement of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement has important practical and theoretical significance in geotechnical tests. The unsaturated soil consolidation test is a test to study the consolidation deformation characteristics of unsaturated soil under a certain suction. The existing unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement measurement devices are relatively lacking, and there are few specific and efficient test methods, which affect the soil quality. Study of Consolidation Properties.

Contents of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a measuring device and method for unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement, which can realize the separation of soil consolidation deformation and displacement under a certain suction force. The purpose of measurement, thereby improving the level of scientific research.

The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A measuring device for unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement, comprising a soil sample chamber, a drainage pipe, a bracket, a dial gauge, an air compressor and a pore water pressure sensor, the soil sample chamber has a soil sample chamber inside, and the The soil sample cavity has an upper end cavity and a lower end cavity, and the bottom of the soil sample chamber has a bottom plate that closes the lower end cavity of the soil sample cavity, and the upper end cavity of the soil sample cavity is movably closed by a bearing plate, and the load plate can be Move up and down in the soil sample chamber; several weights are evenly placed on the surface of the bearing plate, and the bearing platform is fixedly connected with a bearing platform, and a bracket is arranged outside the soil sample chamber, and a bracket is set on the bracket. There is a dial indicator corresponding to the bearing platform, and the dial indicator contact of the dial indicator corresponds to the upper surface of the bearing platform; an air compressor is arranged outside the soil sample chamber, and the suction of the air compressor The port is airtightly communicated with the soil sample chamber of the soil sample chamber through a conduit, and a pore water pressure sensor is arranged outside the soil sample chamber, and the pressure probe of the pore water pressure sensor is located in the soil sample chamber of the soil sample chamber; The bottom of the bottom plate of the chamber is provided with a drainpipe communicating with the soil sample cavity.

In order to facilitate the measurement of the amount of water discharged from the drain pipe, a measuring cylinder is communicated with the water outlet of the drain pipe.

The preferred technical scheme of the bottom plate structure of the soil sample chamber in the present invention is: the bottom plate of the soil sample chamber is a pottery clay plate, and the pottery clay plate has uniformly distributed water absorption holes, and the water inlet end of the water suction hole of the pottery clay plate is connected to the surface of the soil sample chamber. The soil sample cavity is airtightly communicated, and the water outlet end of the water suction hole of the clay plate is airtightly communicated with the water inlet mouth of the drain pipe.

In order to facilitate the contact of the dial gauge contact of the dial gauge with the platform for accurate measurement, the platform and the bearing plate are fixedly connected by a dowel bar, and the upper end of the dowel bar is fixedly connected with the center of the bottom of the platform , the lower end of the dowel bar is fixedly connected to the center of the upper surface of the bearing plate, and the dial indicator contact of the dial indicator corresponds to the center of the upper surface of the bearing platform.

Preferably, all the weights placed on the upper surface of the bearing plate have the same weight, and the weight of the weights is 25g or 50g or 100g or 200g or 400g or 800g.

As a preference, the drainpipe is provided with a valve; the support includes a vertical bar and a cross bar vertically connected to the top of the vertical bar, the bottom of the vertical bar of the support is fixedly connected to the side wall of the soil sample chamber, and the cross bar One end of the cross-bar faces toward the center of the bearing plate, and the dial indicator is arranged on the end of the cross-bar.

Preferably, the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber is a cylinder cavity with a diameter of 15 cm; the clay plate is in the shape of a cylinder, the diameter of the clay plate is 15 cm, and the thickness of the clay plate is 1.1 cm; the bearing plate is a cylinder body shape, the diameter of the bearing plate is 15cm, and the thickness of the bearing plate is 0.4cm; the drain pipe is a round pipe with an inner diameter of 0.3cm.

A method for measuring unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement, the measurement method is as follows:

A. Place the soil sample in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber, close the valve of the drain pipe, let the dial indicator contact of the dial indicator contact the upper surface of the platform, and adjust the dial indicator contact of the dial indicator To make the reading of the dial gauge stable, record the reading of the dial gauge;

B. Start the air compressor, read the air pressure value of the air compressor, adjust the air pressure value of the air compressor according to the pore water pressure of the soil sample detected by the pore water pressure sensor, so that the pore water of the soil sample detected by the pore water pressure sensor When the pressure value is stable at the required suction value, record the reading of the dial indicator; open the valve of the drain pipe, observe the reading of the dial indicator until the reading of the dial indicator is stable, then record the reading of the dial indicator again, and read the reading in the measuring cylinder Water volume; calculate the consolidation deformation and displacement of unsaturated soil according to the initial reading and stable reading of the dial gauge;

C. After the unsaturated soil is consolidated, turn off the air compressor and valve, unload the soil sample in the soil sample chamber of the soil sample chamber, and clean the soil sample chamber wall with a brush to ensure that there is no attachment on the soil sample chamber wall, so as to Ready for the next test.

According to the invention idea of above-mentioned unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement measurement method, a kind of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement measurement method preferred in the present invention, its measurement method is as follows:

A. Place the soil sample in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber, close the valve of the drain pipe, let the dial indicator contact of the dial indicator contact the upper surface of the platform, and adjust the dial indicator contact of the dial indicator To make the reading of the dial indicator stable, read the reading A1 of the dial indicator;

B. Start the air compressor, read the air pressure value of the air compressor, adjust the air pressure value of the air compressor according to the pore water pressure of the soil sample detected by the pore water pressure sensor, so that the pore water of the soil sample detected by the pore water pressure sensor The pressure value is stable at the suction value F1, read the reading A2 of the dial gauge; open the valve of the drain pipe, observe the reading of the dial gauge until the reading is stable, then read the reading A3 of the dial gauge again, and read the Water volume H; calculate the consolidation deformation and displacement of unsaturated soil according to the reading of the dial indicator, as follows:

The deformation of unsaturated soil during the whole consolidation process is: A3-A1;

In the case of stable suction value F1, the consolidation deformation of unsaturated soil is: A3-A2; the consolidation displacement of unsaturated soil is H+H1, H1 is the sum of the water storage capacity of the clay plate and the water storage in the drainage pipe, the same clay plate With the drain pipe, H1 is a definite and measurable fixed value;

C. After the unsaturated soil is consolidated, turn off the air compressor and valve, unload the soil sample in the soil sample chamber of the soil sample chamber, and clean the soil sample chamber wall with a brush to ensure that there is no attachment on the soil sample chamber wall, so as to Ready for the next test.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) In the present invention, weights are loaded on the bearing plate, and the load of all weights is loaded on the bearing plate, and the bearing plate transmits the gravity to the soil sample in the soil sample cavity, so as to accelerate the consolidation and deformation of the soil sample. When the consolidation deforms, the height of the soil sample decreases, the bearing plate and the cap will drop synchronously, and the dial indicator will measure the height drop of the cap, so that the consolidation deformation of the soil sample in the soil sample cavity can be accurately calculated , and then the consolidation deformation rate can be calculated. During the consolidation process of the soil sample in the soil sample cavity, the water in the soil sample flows into the clay plate, and the water flows into the drainpipe through the clay plate, and the drainpipe discharges the water into the measuring cylinder. The total water discharge during the consolidation process of the soil sample in the soil sample cavity can be calculated by the water content of the upper clay plate and the water storage capacity in the drainage pipe. The present invention can also measure and calculate the consolidation deformation and displacement when the soil sample is in a certain suction situation, and let the dial indicator record the initial dial indicator reading and the stable dial indicator reading under the suction situation, and then it can be obtained The descending height of the soil sample in the case of suction, and then calculate the consolidation deformation of the soil sample in the case of suction. At the same time, let the graduated cylinder record the initial graduated cylinder reading and the stable graduated cylinder reading under the suction condition, and then the drainage volume of the soil sample discharged into the graduated cylinder under the suction condition, plus the water content of the clay plate and the water storage in the drainage pipe, The total displacement of the soil sample under suction can be calculated.

(2) The present invention provides external suction for the soil sample through the air compressor, and monitors the suction value at the pores of the soil sample through the pore water pressure sensor, which can realize the accurate measurement of the consolidation deformation of the soil sample under a certain suction and accurate drainage Measurement; the present invention improves test accuracy and avoids human test errors.

(3) The present invention can seal the soil sample chamber through the water-permeable and air-tight function of the clay plate, and can also drain water, thereby realizing accurate measurement of unsaturated soil drainage.

(4) The measuring device of the present invention has simple structure, low processing cost, easy popularization and application in production and teaching, and has important practical significance and scientific research significance for unsaturated soil consolidation test.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Wherein, the names corresponding to the reference signs in the accompanying drawings are:

1- dial indicator, 2- cap, 3- dowel bar, 4- weight, 5- bracket, 6- bearing plate, 7- soil sample room, 8- soil sample, 9- clay plate, 10- drainage Pipe, 11-valve, 12-air compressor, 13-conducting pipe, 14-pore water pressure sensor, 15-diameter contact, 16-grading cylinder.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:

Example

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of measuring device of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement comprises soil sample chamber 7, drainage pipe 10, support 5, dial gauge 1, air compressor 12 and pore water pressure sensor 14, There is a soil sample chamber inside the soil sample chamber 7, and the soil sample chamber is arranged up and down inside the soil sample chamber, and the soil sample chamber of the soil sample chamber 7 is a cylindrical cavity with a diameter of 15 cm. The soil sample chamber has an upper cavity opening and a lower cavity opening, and the bottom of the soil sample chamber 7 has a bottom plate for closing the lower cavity opening of the soil sample cavity. In the present embodiment, the bottom plate of the soil sample chamber 7 is a pottery clay plate 9, which is in the shape of a cylinder, and the diameter of the pottery clay plate 9 is 15 cm, and the diameter of the pottery clay plate 9 matches the diameter of the lower end of the soil sample chamber. That is, the clay plate 9 is tightly sealed and installed at the lower end of the soil sample chamber. The thickness of the clay plate 9 is 1.1 cm. The clay plate 9 has the function of being water-permeable and air-tight. The pottery clay plate 9 has evenly distributed water-absorbing holes, and the water inlet end of the pottery clay plate 9 water-absorbing holes is airtightly connected with the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, and the water outlet end of the pottery clay plate 9 water-absorbing holes is airtightly connected with the water inlet of the drain pipe 10, The drainage pipe 10 in this embodiment is a round pipe with an inner diameter of 0.3 cm. A measuring cylinder 16 is communicated with the water outlet of the drain pipe 10 . After the soil sample 8 is placed in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, the water in the soil sample 8 flows into the drainpipe 10 through the water absorption hole of the clay plate 9, and the water is discharged into the measuring cylinder 16 through the drainpipe 10, and the measuring cylinder 16 It is used to collect the water discharged from the soil sample 8, thereby facilitating the measurement of the drainage of the soil sample 8. The soil sample chamber 7 of the present invention has better airtightness, and is used for the soil sample 8 and the clay plate 9 .

As shown in Figure 1, the upper cavity opening of the soil sample chamber is movably closed by the carrying plate 6, that is, the carrying plate 6 is movably installed in the upper end cavity opening of the soil sample cavity, and the carrying plate 6 can move up and down in the soil sample cavity, and the carrying plate 6 is used to distribute the load from all weights 4. The carrying plate 6 in this embodiment is in the shape of a cylinder, the diameter of the carrying plate 6 is 15 cm, and the thickness of the carrying plate 6 is 0.4 cm. Several weights 4 are evenly placed on the upper surface of the bearing plate 6, all weights 4 placed on the upper surface of the bearing plate 6 have the same weight, and the weight of the weight 4 is 25g or 50g or 100g or 200g or 400g or 800g; 4. You can choose any of the following weights: 25g or 50g or 100g or 200g or 400g or 800g. Of course, the weight 4 can also choose other weights. The bearing plate 6 is fixedly connected with the bearing platform 2, and the soil sample chamber 7 is provided with a support 5, and the support 5 is provided with a dial indicator 1 corresponding to the bearing platform 2. The strength of the support 5 is relatively high, and the support 5 is used for fixing Percentage table1. The dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 corresponds to the upper surface of the platform 2 . In this embodiment, the platform 2 and the bearing plate 6 are fixedly connected by the dowel bar 3, the upper end of the dowel bar 3 is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the platform 2, and the lower end of the dowel bar 3 is connected to the bearing plate 6. The center of the upper surface is fixedly connected, and the dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 corresponds to the center of the upper surface of the platform 2 . The dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 is used to measure the drop of the platform 2, the reading of the dial indicator 1 can quantitatively reflect the drop of the platform 2, and the difference between the front and rear readings of the dial indicator 1 can be obtained The descending amount of the cap 2, and then according to the descending amount of the cap 2, the consolidation deformation of the soil sample in the soil sample cavity can be accurately calculated.

As shown in Figure 1, an air compressor 12 is arranged outside the soil sample chamber 7, and the suction port of the air compressor 12 is airtightly connected with the soil sample chamber of the soil sample chamber 7 through a conduit 13, and the soil sample chamber 7 is provided with pore water Pressure sensor 14, the pressure probe of pore water pressure sensor 14 is positioned in the soil sample cavity of soil sample room 7, after placing soil sample 8 in the soil sample cavity of soil sample room 7, the pressure probe of pore water pressure sensor 14 is placed in the soil sample cavity. In each pore of the sample 8; the pore water pressure sensor 14 is used to measure the pore pressure in the soil sample 8, which is convenient for calculating the suction, and can realize the measurement of the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation under a certain suction. The bottom of the bottom plate of the soil sample chamber 7 is provided with a drainage pipe 10 connected to the soil sample chamber. The bottom plate of the soil sample chamber 7 in this embodiment is a clay plate 9, that is, the water outlet end of the water suction hole of the clay plate 9 and the water inlet pipe of the drain pipe 10 The mouth is closed and connected.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the drain pipe 10 is provided with a valve 11 . The support 5 includes a vertical bar and a cross bar vertically connected to the top of the vertical bar. The bottom of the vertical bar of the support 5 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the soil sample chamber 7. One end of the cross bar faces the center of the bearing plate 6, and the dial indicator 1 It is arranged at the end of the cross bar.

A method for measuring unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement, the measurement method is as follows:

A. Place the soil sample 8 in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, place the bearing plate 6 at the upper end cavity of the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, and evenly place several weights on the upper surface of the load plate 6 weight 4, the bearing plate 6 bears the load of all the weights 4 and moves from the upper cavity mouth to the lower cavity opening in the soil sample cavity. Close the valve 11 of the drain pipe 10, let the dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 contact the upper surface of the platform 2, and adjust the dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 to make the reading of the dial indicator 1 stable , record the reading of dial gauge 1;

B, start air compressor 12, read the air pressure value of air compressor 12, detect the air pressure value of 8 pore water pressures of soil sample 14 according to pore water pressure sensor 14 and adjust the air pressure value of air compressor 12, make pore water pressure sensor 14 It is detected that the pore water pressure value of the soil sample 8 is stable at the required suction value, and the reading of the dial indicator 1 is recorded; the valve 11 of the drain pipe 10 is opened, and the reading of the dial indicator 1 is observed until the reading of the dial indicator 1 is stable, and then again Record the reading of the dial indicator 1, and read the water volume in the measuring cylinder 16; calculate the consolidation deformation and displacement of the unsaturated soil according to the initial reading and the stable reading of the dial indicator 1;

C. After the unsaturated soil is consolidated, close the air compressor 12 and valve 11, unload the soil sample 8 in the soil sample chamber 7, and clean the soil sample chamber 7 inner wall with a brush to ensure that the soil sample chamber 7 inner wall There is no attachment on it for the next test.

The present invention is preferably a kind of soil consolidation deformation and displacement measuring method within the scope of above-mentioned method idea, namely a kind of measurement method of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement, and its measuring method is as follows:

A. Place the soil sample 8 in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, place the bearing plate 6 at the upper end cavity of the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, and evenly place several weights on the upper surface of the load plate 6 weight 4, the bearing plate 6 bears the load of all the weights 4 and moves from the upper cavity mouth to the lower cavity opening in the soil sample cavity. Close the valve 11 of the drain pipe 10, let the dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 contact the upper surface of the platform 2, and adjust the dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 to make the reading of the dial indicator 1 stable , read the reading A1 of dial gauge 1;

B. Evenly place weights 4 of the required weight on the loading plate 6, the loading plate 6 bears the load of all weights 4, and the loading plate 6 transmits the gravity to the soil sample 8 in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, The soil sample 8 is consolidated and deformed, the height of the bearing plate 6 drops, and the bearing platform 2 also descends synchronously with the height of the bearing plate 6. The dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 is used to measure the drop of the bearing platform 2, and the dial indicator The reading of 1 can quantitatively reflect the drop of the cap 2, and the drop of the cap 2 can be obtained by the difference between the readings before and after the dial indicator 1, and then the soil sample cavity can be accurately calculated according to the drop of the cap 2 Consolidation deformation of middle soil samples. Start the air compressor 12, read the air pressure value of the air compressor 12, adjust the air pressure value of the air compressor 12 according to the pore water pressure of the soil sample 8 detected by the pore water pressure sensor 14, so that the pore water pressure sensor 14 detects The pore water pressure value of soil sample 8 is stable at the suction value F1, read the reading A2 of the dial indicator 1; open the valve 11 of the drainage pipe 10, observe the reading of the dial indicator 1 until the reading is stable, and then read the dial indicator again 1 reading A3, and read the water volume H in the measuring cylinder 16; calculate the consolidation deformation and displacement of the unsaturated soil according to the reading of the dial indicator 1, specifically as follows:

The deformation of unsaturated soil during the entire consolidation process is: A3-A1; A3-A1 is the height drop of dial gauge 1 during the consolidation process of soil sample 8 (converted into units of meters), then the unsaturated soil The deformation during the whole consolidation process is (A3-A1)*(0.15/2) ² *π＝0.005625π*(A3-A1), the unit is m ³ , where 0.15m is the cylinder cavity diameter of the soil sample cavity , (A3-A1) is converted into the unit of measurement in meters. If each division value of the dial indicator 1 is equivalent to the soil sample’s downward movement of 0.01 mm, then (A3-A1) is converted into meters before being substituted into the calculation (A3 -A1)*10 ^-5 , the deformation of unsaturated soil during the whole consolidation process is 5.625π*(A3-A1)*10 ^-8 , the unit is m ³ .

Under the condition of stable suction value F1, the consolidation deformation of unsaturated soil is: A3-A2; A3-A2 is the height drop in the consolidation process of soil sample 8 under the condition of stable suction value F1 of dial indicator 1 (conversion is required unit meter), then the deformation of unsaturated soil during consolidation under the condition of stable suction value F1 is (A3-A2)*(0.15/2) ² *π＝0.005625π*(A3-A2), unit m ^3. The detailed calculation is the same as the calculation of the deformation of unsaturated soil during the whole consolidation process. The consolidation displacement of the unsaturated soil is H+H1, H1 is the sum of the water storage capacity of the clay plate 9 and the water storage capacity in the drainage pipe 10, the same clay plate 9 and the drainage pipe 10, H1 is a definite and measurable fixed value; Before the measurement, the water storage capacity of the clay plate 9 and the water storage capacity in the drain pipe 10 are calculated separately to obtain H1 (the sum of the water storage capacity of the clay plate 9 and the water storage capacity in the drain pipe 10).

C. After the unsaturated soil is consolidated, close the air compressor 12 and valve 11, unload the soil sample 8 in the soil sample chamber 7, and clean the soil sample chamber 7 inner wall with a brush to ensure that the soil sample chamber 7 inner wall There is no attachment on it for the next test.

The unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement measuring device of the present invention realizes the measurement of soil consolidation deformation and displacement under certain suction conditions through the arrangement of the air compressor 12 and the pore water pressure sensor 14, and the soil consolidation characteristics The research is of great significance, and the structure is simple, easy to carry, low in processing cost, and easy to popularize and apply in production and teaching.

The above-mentioned implementation mode is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not used to limit the implementation and scope of rights of the present invention. All equivalent changes and approximate replacements made according to the content described in the patent protection scope of the present invention application shall be Fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. measurement apparatus of a kind of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement, it is characterised in that：Including soil sample chamber（7）, draining Pipe（10）, support（5）, dial gauge（1）, air compressor（12）And pore water pressure sensor（14）, the soil sample chamber（7）It is interior Portion has soil sample chamber, and the soil sample chamber has upper end accent and lower end accent, the soil sample chamber（7）Bottom has closing soil sample chamber The base plate of lower end accent, the upper end accent in the soil sample chamber passes through loading plate（6）Activity closing, the loading plate（6）Can be in soil Oscilaltion campaign in sample chamber；The loading plate（6）Several counterweights are uniformly placed with upper surface（4）, the loading plate（6） On be fixedly connected with cushion cap（2）, the soil sample chamber（7）Outside is provided with support（5）, the support（5）It is provided with and cushion cap（2）Phase Corresponding dial gauge（1）, the dial gauge（1）Dial gauge contact（15）With cushion cap（2）Upper surface is corresponding；The soil sample chamber （7）Outside is provided with air compressor（12）, the air compressor（12）Air entry pass through conduit（13）With soil sample chamber（7）'s The closed connection in soil sample chamber, the soil sample chamber（7）Outside is provided with pore water pressure sensor（14）, the pore water pressure sensor （14）Pressure probe be located at soil sample chamber（7）Soil sample chamber in；The soil sample chamber（7）Bottom base plate be provided with and be connected with soil sample chamber Logical drainpipe（10）.

2. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Drainpipe（10）Effluent pipe mouth at connection be provided with graduated cylinder（16）.

3. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that： The soil sample chamber（7）Base plate be pottery clay plates（9）, the pottery clay plates（9）With equally distributed suction hole, the pottery clay plates （9）The water inlet end and soil sample chamber of suction hole（7）The closed connection in soil sample chamber, the pottery clay plates（9）The water side of suction hole and row Water pipe（10）The closed connection of water inlet pipe mouth.

4. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described Cushion cap（2）With loading plate（6）Between pass through transmission rod（3）It is fixedly connected, the transmission rod（3）Upper end end and cushion cap（2）Bottom Portion center is fixedly connected, the transmission rod（3）Lower end and loading plate（6）Upper surface center is fixedly connected, the dial gauge （1）Dial gauge contact（15）With cushion cap（2）Upper surface center is corresponding.

5. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Loading plate（6）All counterweights that upper surface is placed（4）Weight all same, the counterweight（4）Weight be 25g or 50g or 100g Or 200g or 400g or 800g.

6. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Drainpipe（10）It is provided with valve（11）；The support（5）Including montant and the cross bar being vertically connected at the top of montant, the branch Frame（5）Montant bottom be fixedly connected on soil sample chamber（7）On the wall of side, one end end of the cross bar is towards loading plate（6）Center Position, the dial gauge（1）It is arranged at the cross bar end end.

7. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described Soil sample chamber（7）Soil sample chamber for diameter 15cm cylinder cavity；The pottery clay plates（9）It is cylindrical shape, pottery clay plates（9）'s A diameter of 15cm, pottery clay plates（9）Thickness be 1.1cm；The loading plate（6）It is cylindrical shape, loading plate（6）It is a diameter of 15cm, loading plate（6）Thickness be 0.4cm；The drainpipe（10）It is the pipe of bore 0.3cm.

8. the measuring method of a kind of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement, it is characterised in that：Its measuring method is as follows：

A, by soil sample（8）It is positioned over soil sample chamber（7）Soil sample chamber in, close drainpipe（10）Valve（11）, allow dial gauge（1） Dial gauge contact（15）With cushion cap（2）Upper surface, and adjust dial gauge（1）Dial gauge contact（15）To cause percentage Table（1）Stable reading, record dial gauge（1）Reading；

B, startup air compressor（12）, read air compressor（12）Atmospheric pressure value, according to pore water pressure sensor（14） Detected soil sample（8）Pore water pressure size adjusts air compressor（12）Atmospheric pressure value so that pore water pressure sensor （14）Detected soil sample（8）Pore water pressure force value stabilization records dial gauge in required suction value（1）Reading；Open draining Pipe（10）Valve（11）, observe dial gauge（1）Reading, until dial gauge（1）Untill stable reading, percentage is then recorded again Table（1）Reading, and read graduated cylinder（16）Interior water；According to dial gauge（1）Initial reading and stablize reading calculate it is non-full Consolidation deformation and displacement with soil；

After C, unsaturated soil consolidation are finished, air compressor is closed（12）, valve（11）, lay down soil sample chamber（7）In soil sample chamber Soil sample（8）, and clean soil sample chamber with hairbrush（7）Inwall, it is ensured that soil sample chamber（7）There is no attachment on inwall, in case carrying out next time Experiment.

9. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measuring method of displacement described in claim 8, it is characterised in that：It is surveyed Amount method is as follows：

A, by soil sample（8）It is positioned over soil sample chamber（7）Soil sample chamber in, close drainpipe（10）Valve（11）, allow dial gauge（1） Dial gauge contact（15）With cushion cap（2）Upper surface, and adjust dial gauge（1）Dial gauge contact（15）To cause percentage Table（1）Stable reading, read dial gauge（1）Reading A1；

B, startup air compressor（12）, read air compressor（12）Atmospheric pressure value, according to pore water pressure sensor（14） Detected soil sample（8）Pore water pressure size adjusts air compressor（12）Atmospheric pressure value so that pore water pressure sensor （14）Detected soil sample（8）Pore water pressure force value stabilization reads dial gauge in suction value F1（1）Reading A2；Open draining Pipe（10）Valve（11）, observe dial gauge（1）Reading, untill stable reading, then again reads off dial gauge（1）Reading Number A3, and read graduated cylinder（16）Interior water H；According to dial gauge（1）Reading calculate unsaturated soil consolidation deformation situation and Displacement, it is specific as follows：

Deformation of the unsaturated soil in whole consolidation process be：A3-A1；

In the case of stabilization suction value F1, the consolidation deformation situation of unsaturated soil is：A3-A2；The consolidation draining amount of unsaturated soil is H + H1, H1 are pottery clay plates（9）Moisture storage capacity and drainpipe（10）Inner storing water amount summation, identical pottery clay plates（9）With drainpipe（10）, H1 is a determination, measurable definite value；

After C, unsaturated soil consolidation are finished, air compressor is closed（12）, valve（11）, lay down soil sample chamber（7）In soil sample chamber Soil sample（8）, and clean soil sample chamber with hairbrush（7）Inwall, it is ensured that soil sample chamber（7）There is no attachment on inwall, in case carrying out next time Experiment.