CN106717191A - A kind of helical milling blade trench digging straw deep-burying and returning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a spiral milling cutter type ditching straw deep burying returning machine, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. Including the frame, the front transmission box, the transmission device, the rear transmission box and the stubble removal device, the conveying device, the disc ditching device, the spiral milling cutter ditching device, and the blanking device installed on the frame from the front end to the rear end in sequence. device, soil covering device; the stubble removal shaft of the stubble removal device is connected to the power output shaft of the front transmission box, the conveying device is installed obliquely, and the two ends are respectively connected with the stubble removal device and the blanking device; the helical milling cutter ditching device is installed on Below the rear transmission box, the disc ditching device is located in front of the helical milling cutter ditching device. The disc ditching device cuts the soil to reduce resistance and the helical milling ditching device is used for ditching work; the blanking device is located at Between the helical cutter ditching device and the soil covering device. The invention can complete stubble removal, straw collection, burying, suppression and other dry field land preparation and straw returning operations at one time, and can achieve the effect of deeply burying and returning straws to the field and enhancing soil organic matter.

Description

A spiral milling cutter type ditching straw deep burial returning machine

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a helical milling cutter type ditching straw deep burial returning machine.

Background technique

Corn stalks have the characteristics of large quantity and thick stalks, and the burning of surplus corn stalks is serious. The harm caused by straw burning is the first, which has seriously affected civil aviation, transportation and other departments; second, the burning of straw has brought a lot of smoke, causing air pollution and environmental safety problems. The smoke contains CO, CO2, nitrogen oxides, photochemical Oxidants, etc., are harmful to the human body; thirdly, the burning of straw can emit a large amount of CO2, and a large amount of C and N are lost, resulting in a waste of resources.

One technology to prevent straw burning is to return straw directly to the field. Straw returning to the field directly can be divided into mulching and burying. At present, the straw is crushed and covered to return to the field, and the stubble is crushed and returned to the field by a stubble cutter, and the straw is mixed with the soil by a rotary tiller, and the straw cannot be buried deeply. This causes the straw to lift the soil, and after the planter sows, the soil moisture is seriously lost, and the seeds cannot germinate normally, which affects the corn yield.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned existing technical problems, the present invention provides a helical cutter type ditching straw deep burial returning machine. It can complete multiple dry field land preparation operations such as stubble removal, straw collection, ditching, blanking, soil covering and suppression at the same time in one operation.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The invention relates to a spiral milling cutter type straw deep-buried returning machine, which comprises a frame, a front transmission box, a rear transmission box, and a stubble removal device, a conveying device, a disc opening device, and a stubble removal device, a conveying device, and a disc opening are installed on the frame from the front end to the rear end in sequence. Ditching device, spiral milling cutter ditching device, blanking device and soil covering device;

The front end of the frame is respectively connected to the upper suspension, the lower suspension and the front transmission box, and is connected to the power machine through the upper suspension and the lower suspension;

The stubble removal device is connected to the front end of the frame through its upper fixing frame, and the stubble removal shaft is connected to the power output shaft of the front transmission box. The two ends of the stubble removal shaft of the stubble removal device are located in two adjacent ditches on both sides of the working ditch;

The conveying device is installed obliquely on the frame, the driving shaft of the conveying device is connected with the power output shaft on the side of the rear transmission box, the input end of the conveying device is connected with the stubble removal device, and the straw after stubble removal is conveyed to the blanking device through the conveying device;

The rear transmission box is installed on the frame, and its power input end is connected to the front transmission box;

The disc ditching device is installed at the working front end of the rear transmission box and before the helical milling cutter ditching device;

The helical milling cutter ditching device is installed under the rear transmission box, the disc ditching device cuts the soil to reduce resistance, and the helical milling cutter ditching device is placed in the working ditch;

The blanking device is installed on the frame and is located behind the spiral milling cutter ditching device. The blanking hopper is connected to the output straw end of the conveying device, gathers the straw conveyed by the conveying device, and conveys it to the spiral milling cutter ditching device through the blanking device in the ditch;

The soil covering device is installed on the machine frame and placed behind the blanking device to bury the straw in the furrow.

Further, the stubble removal device includes a stubble removal shaft, a flail knife, a casing and a fixing frame, which are connected to the frame through the fixing frame, and the two ends of the stubble removal shaft are installed on the casing, and the stubble removal shaft is arranged in a helical arrangement with a flailing knife, and the stubble removal shaft When rotating, the tip of the swinging knife is 1-3cm away from the ground.

Further, a grass curtain is connected to the traveling direction end of the housing, and a conveying trough is connected to the receiving end of the conveying device.

Further, the oblique installation angle α of the conveying device is 40-60°.

Further, the conveying device includes two symmetrically arranged rollers, a conveyor belt on the two rollers, a spring tooth shaft arranged on the conveyor belt, spring teeth installed on the spring tooth shaft and guide grooves on both sides of the conveyor belt The conveyor belt is equipped with multiple rows of elastic gear shafts at even intervals, and a plurality of elastic teeth are arranged side by side at even intervals on the elastic gear shafts; through the movement of the conveyor belt, the short handles at both ends of the elastic gear shafts are driven to move in the guide The grooved plate moves inside the groove to realize the expansion and contraction of the spring teeth and drive the lifting of the straw.

Further, the blanking device includes a blanking hopper, a straw shaft, a downward pipe and a support reinforcement plate, the discharge end of the blanking hopper is connected to the downward pipe, and a support reinforcement plate is connected to one side of the downward pipe, and the straw shaft is placed In the falling hopper, it is connected with the pulley of the output shaft on the side of the rear transmission box through a belt, and the straw pulley is driven by the pulley to push the straw downward. The straw crushed by the stubble removal device is further crushed.

Further, the helical milling cutter type ditching device is installed on the transmission shaft plate on the bottom surface of the rear transmission box, including a ditching helical shaft, a helical blade and a milling cutter, and the helical blades are double helical blades with variable pitch, symmetrically arranged On the ditching screw shaft, a milling cutter is set at the soil entry end of the screw shaft.

Further, the initial pitch of the spiral blade helix is 50mm, the pitch gradually increases from bottom to top, the maximum value of the helix angle of the outer edge is 15°, the thickness of the spiral blade is 4mm, the depth of entry into the soil is 300mm, and the ditching width is 400mm.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The present invention can simultaneously complete stubble removal, straw crushing and collection, burying, suppression and other dry field land preparation and straw returning operations at one time during the operation process, and can also achieve the effects of deep burying and returning of straw to the field, fertilizing soil fertility, and enhancing soil organic matter , effectively prevent the burning of straw. The implement developed according to the invention realizes combined operation of a single implement, effectively improves the utilization rate of large and medium-sized tractors, and effectively solves technical problems such as deep plowing to improve soil, spaced plowing, and straw returning to the field.

2. The present invention is applicable to the corn production areas in Northeast China, which can realize local deep loosening between rows, local straw returning to the field, and deep burial of straw in two furrows in furrows. Alternating between rows and ridges is implemented, which not only meets the technical requirements for deep burial of straw and returns to the field, but also reduces the consumption of mechanical power.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the stubble removing device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the conveying device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the blanking device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the disk ditching device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the soil covering device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the suppression device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the helical milling cutter type ditching device in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 9 is the whole machine transmission diagram of Fig. 1.

In the figure: 1. Rack,

2. Conveying device, 21. Conveyor belt shaft, 22. Conveyor belt, 23. Elastic tooth, 24. Elastic tooth shaft, 25. Guide groove plate, 26. Conveyor belt driving shaft, 261. Driven pulley;

3. Blanking device, 31. Blanking hopper, 32. Straw dial shaft, 321. Driven pulley, 33. Downward pipe, 34. Supporting reinforcement plate,

4. Soil-covering device, 41. Soil-covering device bracket, 42. Soil-covering disc,

5. Repression device, 51. Spring cover, 52. Spring, 53. Sleeve, 54. Repressor bracket, 55. Repression wheel,

6. Rear transmission box, 601. input shaft, 602. pulley output shaft, 603. driving pulley, 604. driven sprocket;

7. Spiral milling cutter ditching device, 71. Ditching screw shaft, 72. Spiral blade, 73. Milling cutter,

8. Disc ditching device, 81. Disc ditching air support, 82. Ditching disc,

9. Stubble removal device, 91. Stubble removal shaft, 92. Stubble removal knife, 93 fixed frame, 94. shell, 95. conveying trough, 96. straw curtain;

10. Lower suspension, 11. Front transmission box, 111. Sprocket output shaft, 112. Drive sprocket, 113. Pulley output shaft, 114. Drive pulley;

12. Upper suspension.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment: As shown in Figure 1, a spiral milling cutter type straw deep-buried returning machine of the present invention includes a frame 1, a front transmission box 11, a rear transmission box 6, a transmission device, and is installed on the frame 1. The stubble removal device 9, the conveying device 2, the disc ditching device 8, the spiral milling cutter ditching device 7, the blanking device 3 and the soil covering device 4 are arranged in sequence from the working front end to the rear end;

The working front end of the frame 1 is respectively connected to the upper suspension 12, the lower suspension 10 and the front transmission box 11, and is connected to the power machine through the upper suspension 12 and the lower suspension 10;

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the stubble removal device 9 is connected to the front end of the frame 1 by its upper fixing frame, the stubble removal shaft 91 is connected to the power output shaft of the front transmission box 11 through the transmission device, and the stubble removal shaft 91 of the stubble removal device 9 In the two adjacent ditches on both sides of the working ditch at both ends, the disc ditching device 8 and the spiral milling cutter ditching device 7 are located in the current ditch, and the stubble removal shaft 91 of the stubble removal device 9 is connected to the front transmission box 11 through the transmission device. PTO shaft.

As shown in Figure 2 , the stubble removal device 9 includes a stubble removal shaft 91, a stubble removal knife 92, a fixed frame 93, a housing 94 and a straw curtain 96, which are connected to the frame 1 by the fixed frame 93, and the two ends of the stubble removal shaft 91 are installed on On the shell 94, the stubble removal shaft 91 is provided with a stubble removal knife 92, the stubble removal knife 92 is a Y-shaped swinging knife 92, and the Y-shaped swinging knife 92 adopts a double-helix arrangement, and 8 groups of cutters are arranged on each helix. The radial installation angle of two adjacent cutters is 72°, and the corresponding cutters on the two sets of helical lines are symmetrical to the axis of the stubble removal shaft. Throwing knife stretches out shell 94 lower end faces when rotating, and the moving direction end on the described shell is connected with blocking grass curtain 96, is connected with conveying trough with delivery device 2 receiving end. When working, the stubble removal shaft 91 is driven to rotate through the power transmission of the front transmission box, and the crushed straw is thrown upwards, and then falls back to the conveying trough 95 through the shielding effect of the casing 94. The distance from the ground is 1-3cm, the radius of gyration of the stubble removal shaft 93 is 470mm, the rotating speed is 1620r/min, and the linear velocity of the knife tip is about 39.87m/s.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the conveying device 2 is installed on a frame, and its inclination angle α is 40-60°, and 45° is selected in this example. As shown in Figure 3, the conveying device 2 includes two symmetrically arranged rollers 21, a conveyor belt 22 on the two rollers 21, a spring tooth shaft 24 arranged on the conveyor belt 22, a spring tooth shaft installed on the spring tooth shaft 24 The spring teeth 23 and the guide groove plates 25 on both sides of the conveyor belt 22, a plurality of rows of spring tooth shafts 24 are evenly spaced on the conveyor belt 22, and a plurality of spring tooth shafts 23 are evenly spaced and juxtaposed on the spring tooth shafts 24. Through the movement of the conveyor belt 22, the short handles at both ends of the spring tooth shaft 24 are driven to move in the groove of the guide groove plate 25, so as to realize the expansion and contraction of the spring tooth 23 and the lifting of the straw. The conveying device 2 is powered by the pulley on the power output shaft on the side of the rear transmission box 6, the input end of the conveying device 2 is connected with the conveying trough 95 of the stubble removal device 9, and the stubble after stubble removal is conveyed to the blanking device 3 through the conveying device 2; The rotating speed of the conveyor belt shaft is 260r/min, the diameter of the shaft is 100mm, and the linear speed of the conveyor belt is 1.36m/s.

The rear transmission box 6 is installed on the frame 1, and its power input end is connected with the front transmission box 11.

As shown in Figure 1, the disc ditching device 8 is installed on the working front end of the rear transmission box 6, before the helical cutter ditching device 7; as shown in Figure 5, the disc ditching device 8 includes a ditching disc 82 And the disc opener support 81, the ditching disc 82 is fixed on the frame 1 by the disc opener support 81, and its ditching disc 82 is placed on the front end of the rotary milling cutter ditching device 7. Knife ditching device 7 leaves a groove to properly reduce the soil resistance of the spiral ditching part; the ditching depth of the ditching disc 82 is 90-110mm, and the ditching width is 5-6mm.

As shown in Figure 1, the helical milling cutter ditching device 7 is installed on the transmission shaft plate under the rear transmission box 6 by bolts, and the disc ditching device 8 and the helical milling cutter ditching device 7 are all located in the current ditch;

As shown in Figure 8, the helical milling cutter type ditching device 7 includes a ditching helical shaft 71, a helical blade 72 and a milling cutter 73, and the helical blade 72 is a double helical blade with variable pitch, symmetrically arranged on the ditching helical shaft 71, a milling cutter is set at the end of the screw shaft 71 into the soil, and the screw shaft 71 connected to the transmission shaft plate is driven by the rear transmission box 6 to rotate, and the double helical blades 72 with variable pitch are used for ditching. The pitch is 50mm, and the pitch gradually increases from bottom to top. The maximum helix angle of the outer edge is 15°. After calculation, the soil can be lifted and sprinkled when the rotation speed is 260r/min. The thickness of the spiral blade is 4mm. The depth of entry into the soil is 300mm, and the width of the trench is 400mm.

As shown in Figure 1, each part of the blanking device 3 is bent from sheet metal, fixed on the frame 1 by bolts, located behind the spiral milling cutter ditching device 7, and the blanking hopper 31 and the conveying device 2 output the straw The end phase is connected, and the straw conveyed by the conveying device 2 is gathered, and conveyed by the blanking device 3 to the ditching of the helical milling ditching device 7 .

As shown in Figure 4, the blanking device 3 includes a blanking hopper 31, a stalk pull shaft 32, a downwardly following pipe 33 and a support reinforcement plate 34, the discharge end of the blanking hopper 31 is connected to the downwardly following pipe 33, and the downwardly following pipe 33- The side is connected with a supporting reinforcement plate 34, the straw pull shaft 32 is placed in the drop hopper 31, and is connected with the output shaft pulley on the side of the rear transmission box 6 through a belt, the drop hopper 31 gathers the straw, and the straw pull shaft 32 is driven by the pulley. Down, pull the straw downward, send the straw into the ditch through the downward pipe 33 and the support reinforcement plate 34, the drop hopper 31, the straw pull shaft 32 and the support reinforcement plate 34 are connected by bolts, and the straw pull shaft 32 is driven through the rear Case side output shaft pulley drives, and the rotating speed of stalk dial shaft 32 is 260r/min. A cutting tool with a cutting edge is installed on the straw dial shaft 32 along the circumference, and the straw crushed by the stubble removal device 9 is further crushed to prevent blockage.

The soil covering device 4 is installed on the frame 1 and placed behind the blanking device 3 to bury the stalks in the ditch.

As shown in Figure 6, the described soil covering device 4 is an existing structure, comprising a soil covering disc 42 and a soil covering device support 41, and the soil covering disc 42 is two symmetrically arranged, and is connected to the soil covering device support 41 through its rotating shaft. The soil covering device bracket 41 is fixed on the mounting base of the frame 1, and the soil covering disc 42 can rotate around its axis of rotation, and the angle of the covering soil disc 42 can be adjusted according to the actual amount of soil covering, so that the soil evenly covers the straw in the ditch . According to the amount of straw covered with soil, the installation height can be adjusted by itself through a plurality of installation holes on the cover device support 41 .

As shown in Figure 7, the present invention is also provided with a suppressing device 5, which adopts the existing structure, is installed at the working end of the frame 1, and is placed behind the soil covering device 4; the suppressing device 5 is on the optical shaft sleeve between the two discs Several narrow rubber wheels. The upper part of the suppression device is sleeved in the sleeve pipe 53 welded on the frame, and the spring 52 is housed in the sleeve pipe, and the upper spring cover 51 is fixed by threads. The pressing wheel 55 is to compact the land covered with loose soil to reduce the moisture evaporation of the soil. The suppressing force of the suppressing device itself can be automatically adjusted by the spring 52 .

As shown in Figure 9, it is the transmission schematic diagram of the present invention, the power output shaft of the tractor transmits the power to the front transmission box 11, after the front transmission box 11 changes speed, the power is transmitted to both sides, through the front transmission box 11 chain The wheel output shaft 111 and the front transmission box 11 pulley output shaft 113 are respectively transmitted to the driving sprocket 112 and the stubble removal drive driving pulley 114, the transmission ratios are 1.8 and 1 respectively, and the stubble removal drive driving pulley 114 drives the stubble removal drive driven Pulley 911, transmission ratio is 1:3, driving sprocket 112 drives driven sprocket 604, transmission ratio is 15:13, transmits to rear transmission box 6 through rear transmission box 6 input shaft 601, rear transmission box 6. The power is transmitted downward to the helical milling cutter ditching device 7, and the power is output to the side through the rear transmission box 6 pulley output shaft 602. The transmission ratio is 1, and the driving pulley 603 drives the driving shaft of the conveyor belt and the driven pulley 261 and the driven pulley 321 of the stalk dial shaft 32, the transmission ratio is 1.

The present invention is articulated with the tractor through the upper suspension 12 and the lower suspension 10, and the power of the tractor is transmitted to the implement by connecting the universal coupling through the tractor power output shaft. The selection standard of the tractor is Class I three-point suspension, and the power is greater than 45kW. The overall dimensions of the machine tool (length × width × height): 2790mm × 1490mm × 1520mm, the working width is 1200mm, and the subsoiling depth is 25-30cm.

According to the calculation of the movement law of the traditional stubble cutter and ditching machine relative to the straw and soil, the stubble shaft rotation speed of the straw returning machine should be 1620r/min, and the rotation speed of the spiral ditching cutter shaft should be 260r/min. In the design, the output shaft speed of the tractor is taken to be 540 rpm. Therefore, the front transmission box adopts a set of bevel gears for speed change. The transmission ratio of the sprocket end is 1.8, the transmission ratio of the pulley end is 1, and the transmission ratio of the sprocket is 15:13, the transmission ratio of the stubble removal drive pulley is 1:3, the rear transmission box also adopts a set of bevel gear transmission, the transmission ratio of the downward transmission and side transmission is 1, and the transmission ratio of the side pulley of the rear transmission box is both 1.

Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the inclination angle α at which the conveying device 2 described in this embodiment is installed on the frame 1 is 40°.

Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that the inclination angle α at which the conveying device 2 described in this embodiment is installed on the frame 1 is 60°.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of helical milling blade trench digging straw deep-burying and returning machine, it is characterised in that：Including frame, preposition transmission case, rearmounted biography Move case and be installed in frame and stubble-clearing device, conveying device, disc trench digging device, screw-on cutter are set gradually by front end to rear end Ditching device, doffer and covering device；

The frame front end connects suspension, lower suspension and preposition transmission case respectively, by upper suspension and lower suspension connection power Machine；

Stubble-clearing device is connected to frame front end, the power output of the preposition transmission case of paring shaft drive connection by its upper holder Axle, the paring shaft two ends of stubble-clearing device are located in two adjacent furrows of work furrow both sides；

The conveying device is inclined and mounted in frame, and driving shaft and the rear transmission case side power output shaft of conveying device are passed Dynamic connection, conveying device input is accepted with stubble-clearing device, and the stalk after stubble-cleaning is through conveying device conveying and blanking device；

Rear transmission case is arranged in frame, and its power intake connects preposition transmission case；

Disc trench digging device, installed in rear transmission case working front edge, before screw-on cutter ditching device；

Screw-on cutter ditching device is arranged on rear transmission case lower section, and disc trench digging device cuts soil and reduces resistance, and spiral Milling cutter ditching device is placed in work furrow；

Doffer, in frame, positioned at screw-on cutter ditching device rear, material-falling hopper exports stalk end with conveying device Mutually accept, the stalk that conveying device is conveyed gathered, through doffer be delivered to screw-on cutter ditching device ditch it is interior；

Covering device, in frame, is placed in doffer rear, buries the stalk in furrow.

2. according to claim 1 helical milling blade trench digging straw deep-burying and returning machine, it is characterised in that：The stubble-clearing device bag Paring shaft, flail knife, shell and fixed mount are included, is connected in frame by fixed mount, paring shaft two ends are installed on shell, stubble-cleaning Helical row is provided with flail knife on axle, the point width of flail knife 1~3cm of distance from the ground when paring shaft rotates.

3. according to claim 2 helical milling blade trench digging straw deep-burying and returning machine, it is characterised in that：Advanced on the shell Direction end is connected with gear straw screen or mat, and conveying device socket end is connected with delivery chute.

4. according to claim 1 helical milling blade trench digging straw deep-burying and returning machine, it is characterised in that：The conveying device is inclined Oblique setting angle α is 40-60 °.

5. according to claim 1 helical milling blade trench digging straw deep-burying and returning machine, it is characterised in that：The conveying device bag Include the conveyer belt on two symmetrically arranged roller bearings, two roller bearings, elastic claw axle on the conveyor belt, the bullet on elastic claw axle are set Tooth and the guide channel plate of conveyer belt both sides, uniform intervals set multiple row elastic claw axle on the conveyer belt, it is uniform on the elastic claw axle between Every being set up in parallel multiple elastic claws；By the movement of conveyer belt, driving the short handle at the elastic claw axle two ends can be slotted in guide channel plate Interior movement, realizes the elevator that is flexible and driving stalk of elastic claw.

6. according to claim 1 helical milling blade trench digging straw deep-burying and returning machine, it is characterised in that：The doffer bag Material-falling hopper, stalk pulling axis, lower along pipe and bracing reinforcement plate, the discharge end of material-falling hopper suitable pipe under connecting are included, it is lower to be connected along pipe side There is bracing reinforcement plate, stalk pulling axis is placed in material-falling hopper, be connected by belt with rear transmission case side output shaft pulley, stalk Pulling axis then under the drive of belt pulley, by stalk to setting aside, is circumferentially provided with the cutter of cutting edge on stalk pulling axis, stubble-cleaning is filled The stalk crushed is put further to be crushed.

7. according to claim 1 helical milling blade trench digging straw deep-burying and returning machine, it is characterised in that：The helical milling blade Ditching device is installed on the bottom surface of rear transmission case transmission axillare, including trench digging helical axis, helical blade and milling cutter, the spiral shell Vane piece is varying pitch double helix blade, is symmetricly set on trench digging helical axis, and burying to hold in helical axis sets milling cutter.

8. according to claim 1 helical milling blade trench digging straw deep-burying and returning machine, it is characterised in that：The helical blade spiral shell The initial pitch of spin line is 50mm, and pitch gradually increases from bottom to top, and outer rim lead angle maximum is 15 °, helical blade thickness It is 4mm, embedded depth is 300mm, trench digging width is 400mm.