CN106701198A - Process for converting biomass and combustible matters in garbage into liquid fuel or gas fuel - Google Patents
Process for converting biomass and combustible matters in garbage into liquid fuel or gas fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN106701198A CN106701198A CN201710036982.3A CN201710036982A CN106701198A CN 106701198 A CN106701198 A CN 106701198A CN 201710036982 A CN201710036982 A CN 201710036982A CN 106701198 A CN106701198 A CN 106701198A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 vapor Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 41
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009272 plasma gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NYWITVDHYCKDAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-) yttrium(3+) zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Y+3].[Zr+4] NYWITVDHYCKDAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/34—Apparatus, reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a process for converting solid biomass and combustible matters in garbage into liquid fuel or gas fuel. The process is mainly characterized in that the process is finished by two grades of continuous plasma reactions. At the first grade, the solid biomass is degraded, gasified and deashed through plasmas of water under relatively high temperature; at the second grade, chemical components of a first-grade gas-state product are reconstructed and modified by utilizing a low-temperature plasma physical technology so as to obtain a liquid product; control conditions of second-grade plasma equipment, such as air pressure, temperature of a macroscopic system, outlet temperature of a product and current, are changed, so that the gas-state product entering a second-grade reactor can be converted into a liquid product, and can be partially or wholly converted into mixed gas (synthetic gas) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen so that the output ratio of a final gas product to the liquid product can be changed.
Description
Technical field is the invention belongs to derived energy chemical field.
The technical scheme of background technology coal liquefaction has direct liquefaction and indirect liquefaction.Direct liquefaction is by coal pyrolysis
High-pressure hydrogenation, indirect liquefaction be by Coal Gasification be carbon monoxide and hydrogen, then by gas synthesis liquid fuel.But it is most of
Natural and artificial synthesized solid organic matters have different properties from coal, and they have volatilizable composition higher.For many years
In experiment and research, I explores and has invented this use plasma physics method control chemical reaction, between direct liquefaction and
Liquefaction process between indirect liquefaction, it is possible to produce gas products.
The content of the invention is of the invention to be mainly characterized in that：Combustible in solid biomass and rubbish is converted into liquid
The technique of fuel or gaseous fuel, is completed by continuous two-stage plasma reaction.The plasma of first order water is higher
At a temperature of make solid organic matters degrade, gasification, deliming, the second level be using low temperature plasma physics technology to the first order produce
The chemical composition restructuring modification of raw mist state gaseous products obtains high-quality fluid product；By changing second level plasma apparatus
Control condition, such as air pressure, meta system temperature, product outlet temperature, electric current, power can make the gaseous state mist state of entrance
Product can not only be converted into fluid product in the second stage reactor, can also partly or entirely be converted into carbon monoxide with
The mixed gas (being referred to as synthesis gas) of hydrogen, that is, the output ratio that final gas products and fluid product can be changed.One
Carbonoxide can be as the raw material combustion gas for generating electricity with the mixed gas of hydrogen.Electric energy can be immediately converted into generating equipment to use by oneself
Or output.
There are the plasma producing apparatus of water in first order reactor apparatus.In the plasma producing apparatus of water, by
Arc power is powered, and the water of liquid receives thermal evaporation, and vaporous water is by the electric arc ionization between electrode for non-thermal arc plasma is penetrated
Stream, the macroscopical mean temperature control of its outlet is at 3000 DEG C --- and -1000 DEG C, the plasma arc flame of water sprays into the first stage reactor.
In first stage reactor of relative closure, the solid organic matter raw material of preliminary treatment is admitted to the plasma arcs of water
In flame, complete to decompose and removing ash content in the first stage reactor.
First stage reactor is a stove for updraft type fixed bed, is run under normal pressure (tiny structure or pressure-fired).Raw material
Continuously fed from reactor top or middle part, the plasma arc flame of multiple water from above bottom grate (or interior cinder notch) four
Zhou Xiangxin spray into, react generation gaseous products adverse current be upward through it is material bed be pyrolyzed material with material-heat-exchanging, material be pyrolyzed
The charcoal that turns into go bad afterwards with the plasma reaction of water, reaction zone mean temperature is controlled to the fusing point of slightly above lime-ash, and lime-ash melts
Liquid is turned to be dripped from grate (or interior cinder notch).Interruption or continuous discharge.
Material is oven-dried, the gaseous volatile matter of precipitation of degrading being heated under the chemical action with the water of plasmoid
(tar), it is carbon monoxide and hydrogen that the solid carbon residue of generation is gasified with the water reaction of plasmoid, finally separates out ash content.
Going out the main component of the gaseous products of the first stage reactor is：Organic volatile (tar), vapor, carbon monoxide, hydrogen etc..
The second stage reactor being connected with the first stage reactor is run under less than the air pressure of the first stage reactor.
If to be converted into for the purpose of liquid fuel, the second stage reactor runs under vacuum high, anti-with the first order
Answering device has larger pressure differential.Gaseous products speed away the first stage reactor under gas pressure, are adjusted by a pressure
Valve, into second level plasma reactor.
Second level plasma reactor is a long-shaped cavity container.Its vacuum regards second level plasma reactor
Depending on the requirement of meta system temperature, its gas pressure range is 0.01Pa---4 × 104pa.Its material inlet is by one
Individual pressure-regulating valve is connected with first order reactor outlet, and products export is connected by a slide valve with vacuum equipment, vacuum
Equipment connects compression device, and product is pressed into condensing tower.Vacuum equipment needs that one can be used depending on vacuum, it may be necessary to
Two series connection.
Into the gaseous material of second level plasma reactor, by plasma producing apparatus excite as low temperature etc. from
The glow discharge state of daughter.Plasma method for generation can use high-voltage pulse glow discharge, non-thermal arc discharge, radio frequency
One or two (and more than) of electric discharge (RF) or electron cyclotron resonace microwave discharge (ECR) share.
About 60---180 DEG C of temperature when gaseous material enters second level plasma reactor, outlet temperature is controlled to
200---700℃.With certain speed from inlet port to output flow.In low temperature nonequilibrium plasma, the temperature of electronics
It is very high, and ion temperature and mass temperature are very low, temperature, refers to the mean temperature of molecule in system here.
Under plasmoid, it is necessary to by certain reaction time.
Raw material into reactor will occur in chemical composition unstable state, material composition in the plasma
Very big chemical change, the tar of macromolecular can further be degraded to less molecule, and the gas such as water, carbon monoxide, hydrogen,
It is in an unsure state in constantly being collided with electronics, they are ionized, active group is generated, easily with other organic matter weights
Group.Because material composition determines product composition, end product is the organic compound based on the oxygen-bearing organic matter compared with small molecule
Shi Zuowei reaction ends, product goes out reactor.
The gaseous products of second level plasma reactor are left, boil down to 0.01--- after mixing Quench with cold liquid
0.5MPa, condense to less than 30 DEG C, major part is in liquid condition, is collected in condenser.A small amount of incoagulable gas, mainly
Composition is CO and H2.
The liquid containing oxygen organic matter for being converted combustible organic in solid biomass or rubbish by the method, then in atmosphere
During burning, burning does not produce black smoke completely, is excellent fuel.Allocated by octane number or Cetane number, be high quality car combustion
Material, it is more more environmentally friendly than oil product liquid hydrocarbon fuel.
If to be converted into for the purpose of gas products of the carbon monoxide with hydrogen, flammable raw material enters in biomass and rubbish
During the first stage reactor, there can be (30-40%) water content high, you can to cooperate with treatment high concentration organic sewage such as animal excreta
Just, sludge.First stage reactor and the second stage reactor can run (positive 1000Pa to negative 5000Pa) under nearly normal pressure, it
Between have less pressure differential (positive 1000Pa to negative 1000Pa).Gaseous products leave the first order reaction under gas pressure
Device, can be directly entered second level plasma reactor.
Second level plasma reactor is a long-shaped cavity container, and its length can be with shorter.Its material inlet
It is connected with the first stage reactor, products export is directly connected with generating equipment.And used after being cooled down behind generating equipment
The equipment of simple intake-gas, such as centrifugal fan, roots-type, piston type, slide sheet type or liquid-ring type compressor.
Into the gaseous material of second level plasma reactor, by plasma producing apparatus excite as low temperature etc. from
Daughter state.Plasma method for generation can use simple arc discharge.
About 60---180 DEG C of temperature when gaseous material enters second level plasma reactor, outlet temperature is controlled to
More than 300--1000 DEG C, by 0.5 second --- -- 30 seconds reaction time, product was based on carbon monoxide and hydrogen or whole.It is high
Under temperature, if having tar or carbon deposit in the second stage reactor, high-temperature water vapor elimination can be passed through.If contained in product gas
Excessive moisture, can be passed to a hotbed of carbon and eliminate.Obtain the carbon monoxide of high-quality high temperature and the mixed gas of hydrogen.
The carbon monoxide of 1000 DEG C of high temperature above and the gas of hydrogen, are good fuels used to generate electricity.It can directly by hair
Electric equipment (fuel cell or gas turbine), is converted into electric energy and uses by oneself and export nearby.
Brief description of the drawings Figure of description 1 is layout of equipment of the invention.Equipment identity is entitled in figure：1 water etc.
Gas ions generating means, 2 first stage reactors, 3 air pressure regulators, 4 second stage reactors, 5 slide valves, 6 vaccum-pumping equipments, 7
Compression device, 8 condensing towers, 9 generating equipments.
The present invention produces following beneficial effect：
1st, the present invention realizes the gaseous state or liquid to SOLID ORGANIC combustible in natural solid biomass and house refuse
State is converted, and enables to modernize using energy source.
2nd, process is simple, first order material treatment normal pressure operation is easy to operate.Equipment is few, invests small.Equipment easy to manufacture.
Production security is good.
3rd, in production process and product does not produce poisonous and harmful substance, three waste discharge is few, and effect on environment is small.Social benefit
It is good.
4th, product simple and flexible.Liquid form product is liquid smokeless fuel, and quality is good.Can be used as internal combustion engine fuel
Way is big.
5th, calorific value conversion ratio is higher.
6th, flexibly, product can be liquid fuel to technique, it is also possible to which gaseous fuel, gaseous fuel can be by fuel cells convert
It is electric energy.Adjusted according to the market demand.Production can be used self-powered.
7th, high financial profit.
Specific implementation method：Lift two explanations.
Example one, combustible coarse crushing in agricultural crop straw and rubbish to length is less than 20 centimetres, dried to raw aqueous
Less than 20%.The charging aperture of the first stage reactor is sent into, air is squeezed out by gradually compressing, form a more closely knit stock column,
To stop air circulation, into the first stage reactor.
First stage reactor is a stove for closed updraft type fixed bed, and the bed of material is supported by grate, the week above grate
While being provided with multiple arc plasma generators, water and steam is injected in arc plasma generator, have electric arc etc. from
Sub- power supply is powered, and adjusts arc current and vapor flow to control the plasma temperature of water.Raw material is continuous from reactor
Middle part level feeds, 1 meter of thickness of feed layer.Surrounding spray of the plasma arc flame of the water that 1800 DEG C or so of temperature from above grate
Enter, the gaseous products such as the carbonaceous vigorous reaction generated after volatile matter, the carbon monoxide and hydrogen of generation are separated out with material countercurrently
It is upward through material bed and material-heat-exchanging.It is being heated under the chemical action with the water of plasmoid, biomass starting material is dried
Dry, degraded separates out gaseous volatile matter (tar), and ash content is separated out in the carbonaceous of generation and the plasma gasification course of reaction of water.
Plasma reaction area maximum temperature is controlled to the fusing point of slightly above lime-ash, and lime-ash melts as liquid is dripped from grate.In water seal
Lower continuous discharge.
The second stage reactor being connected with the first stage reactor is to run under negative pressure, and it has larger with the first stage reactor
Pressure differential.Gaseous products speed away the first stage reactor under gas pressure, by a pressure-regulating valve, into second
Level plasma reactor.Going out the main component of the gaseous products of the first stage reactor is：Organic volatile (tar), water steam
Gas, carbon monoxide, hydrogen etc..
Second level plasma reactor is a cylindrical cavity container long.It can be regarded as humorous by several microwave standing waves
The case that shakes is formed by connecting, and each resonance box has a microwave generating apparatus of 2.45GHz (magnetron), and microwave power is passed through by waveguide
The ceramic window of impedance matching is burst into resonator (i.e. the process chamber of second level plasma reactor).Four walls are closed in resonance box to be had
Several microwave antennas.The permanent magnet of alternating polarities is laid outside resonance cavity wall, multipole magnetic cusp field is constituted, it makes one in resonator
The magnetic field intensity in space is determined more than or equal to 87.5mT, and the magnetic confinement of alternation multipole is combined with ECR electric discharges, constitutes distributed electronic and returns
Rotation resonant microwave plasma source (DECR).The gaseous feed import of second level plasma reactor is adjusted by a pressure
Valve is connected with the first stage reactor, and gaseous product outlet is connected with vacuum equipment, and vacuum equipment is by two rotary-vane vaccum pumps
Series connection, they be vavuum pump be again product gas compressor.
Second level plasma reactor runs under vacuum high.Its gas pressure range is 0.1pa----
4x103pa。
Into the gaseous material of second level plasma reactor, by Distributed electron cyclotron resonance microwave discharge (DECR)
Plasma producing apparatus excite the glow discharge state as low temperature plasma.
About 60---100 DEG C of temperature when gaseous material closely enters second level plasma reactor, outlet temperature control be for about
Between 200--500 DEG C.With certain speed from inlet port to output flow.
Under plasmoid, by 1 second --- -30 seconds reaction time, the raw material gaseous material into reactor occurs
Very big chemical change, the tar of macromolecular is further degraded to less molecule, and the gas such as water, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, with
Electronics is in an unsure state in constantly colliding, and they are ionized, and generates active group, is easily recombinated with other organic matters.
End product is the organic compound based on the oxygen-bearing organic matter compared with small molecule.
The gaseous products of second level plasma reactor are left, boil down to 0.01--- after mixing Quench with cold liquid
0.5MPa, condense to less than 30 DEG C, major part is in liquid condition, is collected in condenser.A small amount of incoagulable gas, mainly
Composition is CO and H2。
The gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen generates electricity as automotive fuel, is provided from using.
The liquid containing oxygen organic matter for being converted solid biomass by the method, then when burning in atmosphere, black smoke is not produced,
It is excellent fuel.Allocated by octane number or Cetane number, be high quality car fuel, it is more more environmentally friendly than liquid hydrocarbon fuel.
Combustible does not carry out preparing treatment in advance in example two, house refuse, if water content is not high, can also add highly concentrated
Degree organic sewage, makes its total moisture content be not more than 40%, sends into the charging aperture of the first stage reactor, and sky is squeezed out by gradually compressing
Gas, forms a more closely knit stock column, to stop air circulation, into the first stage reactor.
First stage reactor is a stove for closed updraft type fixed bed, and the bed of material is supported by grate, the week above grate
While being provided with multiple arc plasma generators, water and steam is injected in arc plasma generator, there is plasma electric
Source powers, and adjusts arc current and vapor flow to control the plasma temperature of water.Raw material is continuous from reactor middle part
Level feeds, 1 meter of thickness of feed layer.Surrounding of the plasma arc flame of the water that 1600 DEG C or so of temperature from above grate is sprayed into, with
Material separates out the gaseous products such as the carbonaceous vigorous reaction generated after volatile matter, the carbon monoxide and hydrogen of generation adverse current and wears upwards
Cross material bed and material-heat-exchanging.It is being heated under the chemical action with the water of plasmoid, raw material organic substance is oven-dried, drops
Gaseous volatile matter (tar) is parsed, ash content is separated out in the carbonaceous of generation and the plasma gasification course of reaction of water.Deng from
Daughter reaction zone maximum temperature is controlled to the fusing point of slightly above lime-ash, and lime-ash melts as liquid is dripped from grate.Connect under water seal
Continuous discharge.
The second stage reactor being connected with the first stage reactor is to run under negative pressure.It has smaller with the first stage reactor
Pressure differential.Gaseous products speed away the first stage reactor under gas pressure, by a pressure-regulating valve, into second
Level plasma reactor.Going out the main component of the gaseous products of the first stage reactor is：Organic volatile (tar), water steam
Gas, carbon monoxide, hydrogen etc..
Second level plasma reactor is a cylindrical cavity container long, inside has 1---5 to be separated by a spacing to carbon resistance rod
From, to be powered by arc-plasma power supply, each pair electrode gap is kept for 1---30 millimeters, during arc burning, by what is entered
Unstrpped gas heating ionization is plasma.
About 60---180 DEG C of temperature when gaseous material enters second level plasma reactor, outlet temperature is controlled to 1000
More than DEG C, by 0.5 second --- -- 30 seconds reaction time, tar was very thorough by what is carried out with the reaction of water, and product is entirely
Carbon monoxide and hydrogen.If having carbon deposit in the second stage reactor, water vapour elimination can be passed through.If contained in product gas
The moisture of amount, can be passed to a hotbed of carbon and eliminate.
The carbon monoxide of 1000 DEG C of high temperature above and the gas of hydrogen, are good fuels used to generate electricity.It passes through solid zirconia
Ceramics run, the negative electrode (yttrium oxide zirconium oxide) of fuel cell as the fuel-cell device of electrolyte at a temperature of 1000 DEG C
On, the oxygen in air is reduced to oxonium ion, by the conduction of zirconia ceramics to anode, on anode (cobalt oxidation zirconium), one
Carbonoxide and hydrogen are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water discharge by oxonium ion respectively.The chemical energy of gas is converted into electricity by fuel cell
Can, electric energy is exported from two electrodes, is converted by parameters of electric power, can be with grid-connected sale.
Claims (1)
1. combustible in solid biomass and rubbish is converted into the technique of liquid fuel or gaseous fuel, by continuous two-stage etc.
Ion precursor reactant is completed, and the plasma of first order water makes solid organic matters degraded, gasification, deliming at a higher temperature,
The second level is the chemical composition restructuring modification of the mist state gaseous products produced to the first order using low temperature plasma physics technology
High-quality fluid product is obtained, by changing the control condition of second level plasma apparatus, such as air pressure, meta system temperature, product
Product outlet temperature, electric current, power etc., can make the gaseous state mist state product of entrance in the second stage reactor, can not only convert
It is fluid product, can also be partly or entirely converted into the mixed gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, that is, final gas can be changed
The output ratio of body product and fluid product；
There are the plasma producing apparatus of water in first order reactor apparatus, in the plasma producing apparatus of water, by electric arc
Power supply is powered, and the water of liquid receives thermal evaporation, and vaporous water is non-thermal arc plasma jet by the electric arc ionization between electrode, its
The macroscopical mean temperature control of outlet is at 3000 DEG C --- and -1000 DEG C, the plasma arc flame of water sprays into the first stage reactor, one
In first stage reactor of individual relative closure, the solid organic matter raw material of preliminary treatment is admitted to the plasma arc flame of water
In, complete to decompose and removing ash content in the first stage reactor；
First stage reactor is a stove for updraft type fixed bed, at normal pressure (tiny structure or pressure-fired -1000Pa to+1000Pa)
Lower operation, raw material continuously feeds from reactor top or middle part, and the plasma arc flame of multiple (1---50) water is from bottom
The centripetal penetrating of surrounding above grate (or interior cinder notch), material is being heated under the chemical action with the water of plasmoid, quilt
Drying, degraded separate out gaseous volatile matter (tar), and the solid carbon residue of generation is gasified with the water reaction of plasmoid and is
Carbon monoxide and hydrogen (the gaseous products adverse current of reaction generation be upward through it is material bed be pyrolyzed material with material-heat-exchanging, material is warm
The plasma reaction of the rotten charcoal for turning into and water after solution), ash content is finally separated out, reaction zone mean temperature is controlled to slightly above ash
The fusing point of slag, lime-ash melts and is dripped from grate (or interior cinder notch) for liquid, go out the first stage reactor gaseous products it is main into
Dividing is：Organic volatile (tar), vapor, carbon monoxide, hydrogen etc.；
The second stage reactor being connected with the first stage reactor is run under less than the air pressure of the first stage reactor；
If to be converted into for the purpose of liquid fuel, the second stage reactor is in vacuum (0.01Pa---4 × 10 high4Pa transported under)
OK, there is larger pressure differential with the first stage reactor, gaseous products speed away the first stage reactor under gas pressure, pass through
One pressure-regulating valve, into second level plasma reactor；
Second level plasma reactor is a long-shaped cavity container, and its material inlet is by a pressure-regulating valve and
First-stage reactor outlet is connected, and products export is connected by a slide valve with vacuum equipment, and (vacuum equipment needs regarding vacuum
One can be used, it may be necessary to two series connection) compression device is connected behind vacuum equipment, product is pressed into condensing tower；
Into the gaseous material of second level plasma reactor, excited as low temperature plasma by plasma producing apparatus
Glow discharge state, plasma method for generation can use high-voltage pulse glow discharge, non-thermal arc discharge, radio frequency discharge
Or one or two (and more than) of electron cyclotron resonace microwave discharge (ECR) share (RF)；
About 60---180 DEG C of temperature when gaseous material enters second level plasma reactor, outlet temperature is controlled to 200---
700 DEG C, with certain speed from inlet port to output flow；(in low temperature nonequilibrium plasma, the temperature of electronics is very high,
And ion temperature and mass temperature are very low, temperature, refers to the mean temperature of molecule in system here)
Under plasmoid, it is necessary to by certain reaction time (0.5 second --- 2 minutes)；
Raw material into reactor will occur in chemical composition unstable state, various material compositions in the plasma
Very big chemical change, the tar of macromolecular can further be degraded to less molecule, and the gas such as water, carbon monoxide, hydrogen,
It is in an unsure state in constantly being collided with electronics, they are ionized, active group is generated, easily with other organic matter weights
Group, because material composition determines product composition (C of entrance, H, O atom quantity are equal with the atomic quantity in product), most throughout one's life
Go out reactor as reaction end, product when into thing being the organic compound based on the oxygen-bearing organic matter compared with small molecule；
The gaseous products of second level plasma reactor are left, boil down to 0.01--- after mixing Quench with cold liquid
0.5MPa, condense to less than 30 DEG C, major part is in liquid condition, is collected in condenser, a small amount of incoagulable gas, mainly
Composition is CO and H2；
The liquid containing oxygen organic matter for being converted combustible organic in solid biomass or rubbish by the method, then burn in atmosphere
When, burning does not produce black smoke completely, is excellent fuel.Allocated by octane number or Cetane number, be high quality car fuel, than
Oil product liquid hydrocarbon fuel is more environmentally friendly；
If to be converted into for the purpose of gas products of the carbon monoxide with hydrogen, flammable raw material enters first in biomass and rubbish
During stage reactor, can there is (30-40%) water content high, you can with cooperate with treatment high concentration organic sewage such as animal wastes,
Sludge, the first stage reactor and the second stage reactor can run (positive 1000Pa to negative 5000Pa) under nearly normal pressure, they
Between have less pressure differential (positive 1000Pa to negative 1000Pa), gaseous products leave the first stage reactor under gas pressure,
Second level plasma reactor can be directly entered；
Second level plasma reactor is a long-shaped cavity container, and its length can be with shorter, its material inlet and
First-stage reactor is connected, and products export is directly connected with generating equipment, it is possible to using simple after being cooled down behind generating equipment
Intake-gas equipment, such as centrifugal fan, roots-type, piston type, slide sheet type or liquid-ring type compressor；
Into the gaseous material of second level plasma reactor, excited as low temperature plasma by plasma producing apparatus
State.Plasma method for generation can use simple arc discharge, gaseous material to enter second level plasma reactor
About 60---180 DEG C of Shi Wendu, outlet temperature is controlled to more than 1000 DEG C, by 0.5 second --- -- 130 seconds reaction time, produces
Product are entirely carbon monoxide and hydrogen；
Under high temperature, if having tar or carbon deposit in the second stage reactor, high-temperature water vapor elimination can be passed through, if product gas
In containing excessive moisture, a hotbed of carbon can be passed to and eliminated, obtain the mixing of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen of high-quality high temperature
Gas.
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| CN201710036982.3A CN106701198A (en) | 2017-01-19 | 2017-01-19 | Process for converting biomass and combustible matters in garbage into liquid fuel or gas fuel |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107746729A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-03-02 | 福建省爱善环保科技有限公司 | A kind of full gasifying electricity generation technique of rubbish and sludge |
| CN108191194A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-06-22 | 航天慧能（江苏）环境工程有限公司 | A kind of sludge of sewage treatment plant plasma processing method |
| CN112442386A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-03-05 | 李宝伟 | Equipment and process for preparing oil by thermally cracking garbage |
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| US20120227683A1 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Tar Scrubber for Energy Recovery from Gasification Operations |
| CN202643644U (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-01-02 | 北京环卫集团环境研究发展有限公司 | System integrating device for disposing household garbage by adopting plasma technology |
| CN103013568A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-04-03 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Plasma gasification treatment system of solid organic waste |
| CN205382131U (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-13 | 衢州迪升工业设计有限公司 | Plasma pyrolysis system |
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| US20120227683A1 (en) * | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Tar Scrubber for Energy Recovery from Gasification Operations |
| CN202643644U (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-01-02 | 北京环卫集团环境研究发展有限公司 | System integrating device for disposing household garbage by adopting plasma technology |
| CN103013568A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-04-03 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Plasma gasification treatment system of solid organic waste |
| CN205382131U (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-13 | 衢州迪升工业设计有限公司 | Plasma pyrolysis system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107746729A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-03-02 | 福建省爱善环保科技有限公司 | A kind of full gasifying electricity generation technique of rubbish and sludge |
| CN108191194A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-06-22 | 航天慧能（江苏）环境工程有限公司 | A kind of sludge of sewage treatment plant plasma processing method |
| CN112442386A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-03-05 | 李宝伟 | Equipment and process for preparing oil by thermally cracking garbage |
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Application publication date: 20170524 |