CN106676436A - Heat treatment furnace capable of achieving gradient distribution of temperature of extrusion billet and heat treatment method - Google Patents
Heat treatment furnace capable of achieving gradient distribution of temperature of extrusion billet and heat treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
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- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉及处理方法，该热处理炉由燃气加热区、风冷区和电感应加热区三部分组成，在燃气加热区中，对挤压坯料进行加热保温；在风冷区，从加热坯料的尾部进行风冷降温；在感应加热区，对挤压坯料的外部进行加热。并且风冷区流出的高温空气循环利用到燃气加热区，具有节能效果。最终形成轴向头高尾低、径向外高内低的温度梯度分度挤压坯料。这种坯料有利于等温挤压过程中挤压变形区域温度更准确的控制，并且能够降低挤压过程中坯料与挤压筒的摩擦力，从而降低设备能耗，提高挤压筒的寿命。
The invention discloses a heat treatment furnace and a treatment method for realizing temperature gradient distribution of extrusion blanks. The heat treatment furnace is composed of three parts: a gas heating zone, an air cooling zone and an electric induction heating zone. Heating and heat preservation; in the air cooling zone, air cooling is performed from the tail of the heated billet; in the induction heating zone, the outside of the extruded billet is heated. Moreover, the high-temperature air flowing out of the air-cooled area is recycled to the gas-fired heating area, which has an energy-saving effect. Finally, the temperature gradient index extrusion billet is formed with the axial head high and the tail low, and the radial outer high and inner low temperature gradient. This kind of billet is beneficial to more accurate control of the temperature of the extrusion deformation area during the isothermal extrusion process, and can reduce the friction between the billet and the extrusion cylinder during the extrusion process, thereby reducing equipment energy consumption and increasing the life of the extrusion cylinder.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于金属材料领域，涉及金属及合金挤压坯料加热工艺，具体涉及一种实现等温变速挤压的坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉及热处理方法。The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and relates to a metal and alloy extrusion billet heating process, in particular to a heat treatment furnace and a heat treatment method for realizing the temperature gradient distribution of a billet for isothermal variable-speed extrusion.
背景技术Background technique
挤压是有色金属材料成形加工的重要方法。随着汽车轻量化、航空航天等领域的快速发展，对高性能挤压材的需求不断提高。目前，随着铝挤压工业和技术的飞速发展，出现了舌型模挤压、平面组合模挤压、大断面挤压、水冷模挤压、扁挤压、宽展挤压、精密气、水(雾)冷却在线淬火挤压、高效反向挤压、等温挤压等技术。但对于变形性能较差的铝合金(如2000系和7000系合金)和大部分镁合金来说，由于其热塑性较差、热裂倾向性强，只能在较窄的变形工艺条件下加工。因此，只有采用等温挤压工艺，才能获得长度方向上组织性能均匀的产品，以满足高性能挤压材的严格要求。近年来，等温挤压技术的相关研究和开发逐渐受到重视。通过等温挤压，不仅能获得尺寸形状稳定、组织均匀的产品，还能提高其成品率和生产效率，满足铝合金型材整体具备高比强、高比模和高韧性的力学性能，避免型材出现扭曲，裂纹等严重的现象。Extrusion is an important method for the forming and processing of non-ferrous metal materials. With the rapid development of automobile lightweight, aerospace and other fields, the demand for high-performance extrusion materials continues to increase. At present, with the rapid development of aluminum extrusion industry and technology, there have been tongue die extrusion, flat combined die extrusion, large section extrusion, water-cooled die extrusion, flat extrusion, wide extension extrusion, precision air, Water (fog) cooling on-line quenching extrusion, high-efficiency reverse extrusion, isothermal extrusion and other technologies. However, for aluminum alloys with poor deformation properties (such as 2000 series and 7000 series alloys) and most magnesium alloys, due to their poor thermoplasticity and strong tendency to hot cracking, they can only be processed under narrow deformation process conditions. Therefore, only by using the isothermal extrusion process can a product with uniform structure and properties in the length direction be obtained to meet the strict requirements of high-performance extrusion materials. In recent years, the related research and development of isothermal extrusion technology has been paid more and more attention. Through isothermal extrusion, not only products with stable size and shape and uniform structure can be obtained, but also the yield and production efficiency can be improved, so that the overall mechanical properties of aluminum alloy profiles with high specific strength, high specific modulus and high toughness can be satisfied, and the appearance of profiles can be avoided. Distortion, cracks and other serious phenomena.
目前，等温挤压技术通常有两种实现方式，一种是采用速度控制等温挤压，即通过调节挤压速度，实现产品的挤出温度保持不变，如中国发明专利(公开号：CN103100575A)公开的是一种速度分段控制的等温挤压方法，但是，这种通过挤压速度曲线控制的方法，由于铝合金铸棒在挤压过程中，挤压容室和铝合金铸棒之间的相对运动产生了摩擦热，如果铝合金铸棒进入挤压容室的温度沿长度方向恒定，挤压过程中挤压速度保持不变，铝合金铸棒后部材料在经历了较长路径的摩擦过程，进入变形区域时的温度已经升高，从而导致前端出口处铝合金挤压型材温度和力学性能沿长度方向变化；另一种是采用温度呈梯度分布的坯料的等温挤压，即利用变形热补偿坯料尾部的低温区域，使得坯料在模具出口的温度保持不变。产生温度呈梯度分布的坯料有两种方法，分别是梯温加热法和梯温水冷法。At present, there are usually two implementation methods for isothermal extrusion technology. One is to use speed-controlled isothermal extrusion, that is, by adjusting the extrusion speed, the extrusion temperature of the product can be kept constant, such as the Chinese invention patent (publication number: CN103100575A) Disclosed is an isothermal extrusion method with speed segmental control. However, in this method controlled by extrusion speed curve, due to the extrusion process of the aluminum alloy cast rod, there is a gap between the extrusion chamber and the aluminum alloy cast rod. The relative motion of the aluminum alloy cast rod produces frictional heat. If the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast rod entering the extrusion chamber is constant along the length direction, the extrusion speed remains constant during the extrusion process, and the material at the rear of the aluminum alloy cast rod undergoes a long path. During the friction process, the temperature has risen when entering the deformation zone, which causes the temperature and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy extruded profile at the front outlet to change along the length direction; the other is isothermal extrusion with a gradient distribution of temperature, that is, using The heat of deformation compensates for the low-temperature region at the tail of the billet, so that the temperature of the billet at the exit of the die remains constant. There are two methods for producing blanks with a gradient temperature distribution, namely the gradient temperature heating method and the gradient temperature water cooling method.
然而，研究表明在温度呈梯度分布的坯料的等温挤压挤压过程中，摩擦热对型材断面温度分布不均匀性的影响最大，超过了塑性变形热和金属与工模具之间的传热【侯文荣.铝合金型材挤压过程的传热行为与温度控制研究[D].北京科技大学,2015.】。另外，铝合金的挤压研究表明，，材料的平均摩擦系数随温度升高300℃-500℃，从2.1降低到1.6【张明.6061铝合金热挤压过程中摩擦磨损行为等效表征研究[D].湖南大学,2014:22】。摩擦系数的减小能显著降低设备能耗，也会降低摩擦热，从而更准确的控制挤压变形区域的温度。However, studies have shown that during the isothermal extrusion extrusion process of a billet with a temperature gradient distribution, the frictional heat has the greatest influence on the inhomogeneity of the profile cross-section temperature distribution, surpassing the heat of plastic deformation and the heat transfer between the metal and the die [ Hou Wenrong. Research on Heat Transfer Behavior and Temperature Control of Aluminum Alloy Profile Extrusion Process [D]. Beijing University of Science and Technology, 2015.]. In addition, the extrusion research of aluminum alloy shows that the average friction coefficient of the material decreases from 2.1 to 1.6 with the increase of temperature from 300°C to 500°C [Zhang Ming. Equivalent characterization of friction and wear behavior in 6061 aluminum alloy hot extrusion process [D]. Hunan University, 2014: 22]. The reduction of the friction coefficient can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the equipment, and also reduce the frictional heat, so as to more accurately control the temperature of the extrusion deformation area.
因此，等温挤压挤压过程中摩擦热对温度梯度的影响，不仅增加能量消耗、缩短挤压筒寿命，也无法达到精确度高的等温挤压效果。Therefore, the influence of frictional heat on the temperature gradient during isothermal extrusion not only increases energy consumption and shortens the life of the extrusion barrel, but also fails to achieve high-precision isothermal extrusion effects.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为克服以上技术问题，本发明的目的之一设计一种实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉，得到温度分布为：轴向头高尾低、径向外高内低的挤压坯料。In order to overcome the above technical problems, one of the objectives of the present invention is to design a heat treatment furnace that realizes the temperature gradient distribution of the extruded billet, and obtains an extruded billet whose temperature distribution is: the axial head is high and the tail is low, and the radial direction is high outside and inside low.
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理方法，得到温度分布为：轴向头高尾低、径向外高内低的挤压坯料。The second object of the present invention is to provide a heat treatment method for realizing the temperature gradient distribution of the extruded billet, so as to obtain an extruded billet whose temperature distribution is: the axial head is high and the tail is low, and the radial direction is high outside and inside low.
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明的技术方案为：In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is:
一种实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉，依次由以下三部分组成：燃气加热区、风冷区、感应加热区。A heat treatment furnace for realizing the temperature gradient distribution of extrusion billets is composed of the following three parts in sequence: a gas heating zone, an air cooling zone, and an induction heating zone.
本发明实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉设置燃气加热区作用是对坯料均匀加热使坯料温度均匀分布；热处理炉设置风冷区作用是对坯料进行冷却，实现坯料轴向头高尾低温度梯度；热处理炉设置感应加热区的作用是对坯料进行二次加热，实现坯料径向的外高内低温度梯度。In the heat treatment furnace for realizing the temperature gradient distribution of the extruded billet, the function of setting the gas heating zone is to uniformly heat the billet to make the temperature of the billet uniformly distributed; ; The function of setting the induction heating zone in the heat treatment furnace is to reheat the billet to realize the radial temperature gradient of the billet.
优选的，燃气加热区挤压坯料头部一端设置燃烧机，燃烧机与天然气液储罐连接，将天然气通入燃烧机内燃烧加热。Preferably, a burner is installed at one end of the head of the extruded billet in the gas heating zone, and the burner is connected to the natural gas liquid storage tank, and the natural gas is fed into the burner for combustion and heating.
优选的，在风冷区挤压坯料的尾部一端设置鼓风机。Preferably, a blower is provided at the tail end of the extruded billet in the air cooling zone.
优选的，风冷区鼓风机另一端通过管道与燃烧机连接，风冷区流出的高温空气通过燃机中天然气加热进入燃气加热区。Preferably, the other end of the blower in the air-cooled zone is connected to the burner through a pipeline, and the high-temperature air flowing out of the air-cooled zone is heated by the natural gas in the burner and enters the gas heating zone.
本发明将风冷区挤压坯料的头部一端通过管道与燃烧机连接，风冷区流出的高温空气通过燃机中天然气加热对挤压坯料进行加热保温，实现风冷区流出的高温空气循环利用到燃气加热区，通过热空气的重复循环利用，起到了节能效果。In the present invention, one end of the head of the extruded billet in the air-cooled area is connected to the burner through a pipe, and the high-temperature air flowing out of the air-cooled area is heated by the natural gas in the combustion engine to heat and keep the extruded billet warm, so as to realize the circulation of high-temperature air flowing out of the air-cooled area Utilizing the gas heating area, through the repeated recycling of hot air, the energy saving effect is achieved.
优选的，所述实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉内还安装有棒料输送机构、测温机构，所述热处理炉的侧壁还设有观察窗。Preferably, a bar conveying mechanism and a temperature measuring mechanism are installed in the heat treatment furnace for realizing the temperature gradient distribution of the extruded billet, and an observation window is also provided on the side wall of the heat treatment furnace.
实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉的测温装置用于检测棒料的不同区域的温度，使棒料在热处理炉相应的燃气加热区、风冷区、感应加热区达到设定的温度，实现坯料的轴向头高尾低、径向外高内低的温度梯度分布。The temperature measuring device of the heat treatment furnace that realizes the temperature gradient distribution of the extrusion billet is used to detect the temperature of different areas of the bar, so that the bar reaches the set temperature in the corresponding gas heating zone, air cooling zone, and induction heating zone of the heat treatment furnace. Realize the temperature gradient distribution of the billet with the axial head high and the tail low, and the radial outer high and inner low temperature gradient distribution.
通过测温装置、棒料输送机构通过耐高温导线与外部自动控制装置连接，测温装置将棒料温度实时反映，自动控制装置控制棒料输送机构的运行及制动，进而控制棒料在热处理炉相应的燃气加热区、风冷区、感应加热区的加热时间。The temperature measuring device and the bar material conveying mechanism are connected with the external automatic control device through the high temperature resistant wire, the temperature measuring device will reflect the temperature of the bar material in real time, and the automatic control device controls the operation and braking of the bar material conveying mechanism, and then controls the heat treatment of the bar material The heating time of the corresponding gas heating zone, air cooling zone and induction heating zone of the furnace.
优选的，所述棒料输送机构包括机架、棒料停放架、导轨、机架驱动装置、机架制动装置，所述机架通过车轮与导轨滑动连接，机架驱动装置、机架制动装置安装在机架上，所述测温装置、机架驱动装置、机架制动装置通过耐高温导线与外部自动控制装置连接。Preferably, the bar conveying mechanism includes a frame, a bar parking frame, a guide rail, a frame driving device, and a frame braking device. The frame is slidably connected to the guide rail through wheels, and the frame driving device, frame The driving device is installed on the frame, and the temperature measuring device, the frame driving device and the frame braking device are connected with the external automatic control device through high temperature resistant wires.
本发明的棒料置于机架上的棒料停放架上，机架驱动装置推动机架沿导轨运动将棒料依次输送到燃气加热区、风冷区、感应加热区，机架制动装置对机架进行制动使机架停靠在相应的区域设定的加热时间，满足棒料的梯度加热要求。The bar stock of the present invention is placed on the bar stock parking frame on the frame, and the frame driving device pushes the frame to move along the guide rail to transport the bar stock to the gas heating area, the air cooling area, and the induction heating area in sequence, and the frame braking device The rack is braked to stop the rack in the corresponding area for the set heating time to meet the gradient heating requirements of the bar.
优选的，所述棒料为镁合金或铝合金。Preferably, the bar stock is magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy.
优选的，所述燃气加热区加热温度高于棒料的再结晶温度50-200℃。Preferably, the heating temperature in the gas heating zone is 50-200° C. higher than the recrystallization temperature of the rod.
优选的，所述风冷区坯料的头尾目标温差为10-30℃Preferably, the target temperature difference between the head and the tail of the billet in the air-cooling zone is 10-30°C
优选的，所述感应加热区加热温度低于材料的过烧温度10-20℃，加热深度为2-20mm。Preferably, the heating temperature in the induction heating zone is 10-20° C. lower than the overburning temperature of the material, and the heating depth is 2-20 mm.
一种利用上述热处理炉实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理方法，具体步骤如下：A heat treatment method utilizing the above heat treatment furnace to realize the temperature gradient distribution of the extruded billet, the specific steps are as follows:
步骤1：将棒材放置到燃气加热区，加热温度为到高于棒材再结晶温度50-200℃，加热保温时间1-5h；Step 1: Place the bar in the gas heating zone, the heating temperature is 50-200°C higher than the recrystallization temperature of the bar, and the heating and holding time is 1-5h;
步骤2：将棒材放置到风冷区，在风冷区利用鼓风机对挤压坯料的尾部吹风冷却1-10min，使坯料的尾部温度降低10-30℃。Step 2: Place the bar in the air-cooling zone, and use a blower to cool the tail of the extruded billet for 1-10 minutes in the air-cooling zone, so as to reduce the temperature of the tail of the billet by 10-30°C.
步骤3：将棒材放置到感应加热区，在电磁感应加热区以感应频率1-10KHZ，加热时间1-20s，加热温度为低于材料的过烧温度10-20℃，加热深度为2-20mm。Step 3: Place the bar in the induction heating zone. In the electromagnetic induction heating zone, the induction frequency is 1-10KHZ, the heating time is 1-20s, the heating temperature is 10-20°C lower than the overheating temperature of the material, and the heating depth is 2- 20mm.
优选的，所述棒材为铝合金或镁合金。Preferably, the rod is aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy.
优选的，所述铝合金棒材在燃气加热区加热到350-500℃，保温时间2h。Preferably, the aluminum alloy rod is heated to 350-500° C. in a gas heating zone, and the holding time is 2 hours.
优选的，所述镁合金棒材在燃气加热区加热温度为250-400℃，保温时间为1.5-3h。Preferably, the heating temperature of the magnesium alloy rod in the gas heating zone is 250-400° C., and the holding time is 1.5-3 hours.
优选的，所述风冷区鼓风机的流量1-20m3/min，根据挤压型材的及模具形状，设置不同形式的冷却风道。Preferably, the flow rate of the blower in the air-cooling zone is 1-20m 3 /min, and different forms of cooling air ducts are set according to the shape of the extruded profile and the mold.
优选的，所述铝合金棒材在电磁感应加热区的加热温度为480℃。Preferably, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy rod in the electromagnetic induction heating zone is 480°C.
优选的，所述镁合金棒材在电磁感应加热区的加热温度为420℃。Preferably, the heating temperature of the magnesium alloy rod in the electromagnetic induction heating zone is 420°C.
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益技术效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effect of the present invention is:
1、采用本发明的热处理炉加热挤压坯料，可以实现其温度的梯度分布：即轴向头高尾低、径向外高内低。这种坯料有利于等温挤压过程中挤压变形区域温度更准确的控制，并且能够降低挤压过程中坯料与挤压筒的摩擦力，从而降低能耗，提高挤压筒的寿命。1. Using the heat treatment furnace of the present invention to heat and extrude the billet can realize its temperature gradient distribution: that is, the axial head is high and the tail is low, and the radial direction is high outside and inside low. The billet is beneficial to more accurate control of the temperature of the extrusion deformation area during the isothermal extrusion process, and can reduce the friction between the billet and the extrusion cylinder during the extrusion process, thereby reducing energy consumption and increasing the life of the extrusion cylinder.
2、坯料加热过程中，通过风冷区挤压坯料的头部一端通过管道与燃烧机连接，风冷区流出的高温空气通过燃机中天然气加热对挤压坯料进行加热保温，实现风冷区流出的高温空气循环利用到燃气加热区，通过热空气的重复循环利用，具有明显的节能效果。2. During the billet heating process, one end of the head of the extruded billet through the air-cooled zone is connected to the burner through a pipe, and the high-temperature air flowing out of the air-cooled zone is heated by the natural gas in the burner to heat and keep the extruded billet warm, realizing the air-cooled zone The high-temperature air flowing out is recycled to the gas heating area, and through the repeated circulation of hot air, it has obvious energy-saving effect.
3、本发明的加热炉内通过测温装置、棒料输送机构通过耐高温导线与外部自动控制装置连接，测温装置将棒料温度实时反映，自动控制装置控制棒料输送机构的运行及制动，进而控制棒料在热处理炉相应的燃气加热区、风冷区、感应加热区的加热时间，实现了整个温度梯度加热过程的自动化，降低工人劳动强度，在整个加热梯度方向的连续、稳定性，减少因人工因素而引起的误差，大大提高了生产效率。3. In the heating furnace of the present invention, the temperature measuring device and the bar material conveying mechanism are connected with the external automatic control device through a high temperature resistant wire. The temperature measuring device reflects the temperature of the bar material in real time, and the automatic control device controls the operation and production of the bar material conveying mechanism and then control the heating time of the bar in the corresponding gas heating zone, air cooling zone and induction heating zone of the heat treatment furnace, which realizes the automation of the entire temperature gradient heating process, reduces the labor intensity of workers, and maintains continuous and stable heating in the direction of the entire heating gradient. Sexuality, reducing errors caused by human factors, greatly improving production efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明热处理炉的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of heat treatment furnace of the present invention;
图2为本发明棒料输送机构的机构示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the mechanism of the bar material conveying mechanism of the present invention;
图3为本发明在不同热处理阶段的坯料温度场分布；Fig. 3 is the blank temperature field distribution of the present invention in different heat treatment stages;
图4为本发明在不同阶段温度的变化示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of temperature changes in different stages of the present invention.
图中：1、燃气加热区，2、风冷区，3、感应加热区，4、鼓风机，5、燃烧机，6、天然气液储罐，7棒料，8、机架，9、导轨，10、棒料停放架，11、机架驱动装置，12、机架制动装置，13、车轮In the figure: 1. Gas heating area, 2. Air cooling area, 3. Induction heating area, 4. Blower, 5. Burner, 6. Natural gas liquid storage tank, 7. Bar stock, 8. Rack, 9. Guide rail, 10. Bar parking frame, 11. Frame driving device, 12. Frame braking device, 13. Wheels
具体实施方式detailed description
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be pointed out that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation to the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明，以便于同行业技术人员的理解：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described, so that the understanding of those skilled in the art:
实施例1Example 1
本实施例采用的实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉，依次由以下三部分组成：燃气加热区、风冷区、感应加热区，热处理炉内还安装有棒料输送机构、测温机构，所述热处理炉的侧壁还设有观察窗，棒料输送机构包括机架、棒料停放架、导轨、机架驱动装置、机架制动装置，所述机架通过车轮与导轨滑动连接，机架驱动装置、机架制动装置安装在机架上，所述测温装置、机架驱动装置、机架制动装置通过耐高温导线与外部自动控制装置连接。The heat treatment furnace used in this embodiment to realize the temperature gradient distribution of the extrusion billet is composed of the following three parts in turn: a gas heating zone, an air cooling zone, and an induction heating zone. The heat treatment furnace is also equipped with a bar conveying mechanism and a temperature measuring mechanism. The side wall of the heat treatment furnace is also provided with an observation window. The bar material conveying mechanism includes a frame, a bar stock parking frame, a guide rail, a frame driving device, and a frame braking device. The frame is slidably connected to the guide rail through wheels, The frame driving device and the frame braking device are installed on the frame, and the temperature measuring device, the frame driving device and the frame braking device are connected with the external automatic control device through high temperature resistant wires.
本发明的实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉的测温装置用于检测棒料的不同区域的温度，使棒料在热处理炉相应的燃气加热区、风冷区、感应加热区达到设定的温度，实现坯料的轴向头高尾低、径向外高内低的温度梯度分布。风冷后和感应加热之后的坯料温度场分布如图3所示，不同阶段坯料的温度随时间的变化如图4所示。The temperature measuring device of the heat treatment furnace that realizes the temperature gradient distribution of the extruded billet of the present invention is used to detect the temperature of different regions of the bar, so that the bar can reach the set temperature in the corresponding gas heating zone, air cooling zone and induction heating zone of the heat treatment furnace. The temperature can realize the temperature gradient distribution of the billet with the axial head high and the tail low, and the radial outer high and inner low temperature gradient distribution. The temperature field distribution of the blank after air cooling and induction heating is shown in Figure 3, and the temperature of the blank at different stages changes with time as shown in Figure 4.
燃气加热区在挤压坯料头部一端设置燃烧机，燃烧机与天然气液储罐连接，将天然气通入燃烧机内燃烧，实现挤压坯料均匀加热，在风冷区挤压坯料的尾部一端设置鼓风机，在风冷区另一端连通管道与燃烧机连接，风冷区流出的高温空气通过燃机中天然气加热进入燃气加热区，实现风冷区流出的高温空气循环利用到燃气加热区，通过热空气的重复循环利用，起到了节能效果。The gas heating zone is equipped with a burner at the head end of the extrusion billet, and the burner is connected with the natural gas liquid storage tank, and the natural gas is passed into the burner for combustion to realize uniform heating of the extrusion billet. The blower is connected to the burner through the connecting pipe at the other end of the air-cooled area. The high-temperature air flowing out of the air-cooled area is heated by the natural gas in the gas turbine and enters the gas heating area, so that the high-temperature air flowing out of the air-cooled area can be recycled to the gas heating area. The repeated recycling of air has played an energy-saving effect.
棒料置于机架上的棒料停放架上，机架驱动装置推动机架沿导轨运动将棒料依次输送到燃气加热区、风冷区、感应加热区，机架制动装置对机架进行制动使机架停靠在相应的区域设定的加热时间，满足棒料的梯度加热要求。通过测温装置、机架驱动装置、机架制动装置通过耐高温导线与外部自动控制装置连接，测温装置将棒料温度实时反映，自动控制装置控制机架驱动装置、机架制动装置的运行，进而控制棒料在热处理炉相应的燃气加热区、风冷区、感应加热区的加热时间。The bar stock is placed on the bar stock parking rack on the frame, and the frame driving device pushes the frame to move along the guide rail to transport the bar stock to the gas heating area, air cooling area, and induction heating area in sequence, and the frame braking device Braking is performed to make the frame stop at the corresponding area for the set heating time to meet the gradient heating requirements of the bar. The temperature measuring device, frame driving device, and frame braking device are connected to the external automatic control device through high temperature resistant wires. The temperature measuring device will reflect the temperature of the bar in real time, and the automatic control device controls the frame driving device and frame braking device. The operation, and then control the heating time of the bar in the corresponding gas heating zone, air cooling zone and induction heating zone of the heat treatment furnace.
本发明实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉设置燃气加热区作用是对坯料均匀加热使坯料温度均匀分布；热处理炉设置风冷区作用是对坯料进行冷却，实现坯料轴向头高尾低温度梯度；热处理炉设置感应加热区的作用是对坯料进行二次加热，实现坯料径向的外高内低温度梯度。In the heat treatment furnace for realizing the temperature gradient distribution of the extruded billet, the function of setting the gas heating zone is to uniformly heat the billet to make the temperature of the billet uniformly distributed; ; The function of setting the induction heating zone in the heat treatment furnace is to reheat the billet to realize the radial temperature gradient of the billet.
本实施例采用的挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理的主要参数为：The main parameters of the heat treatment of the extruded billet temperature gradient distribution used in this embodiment are:
坯料尺寸：Φ120×L500mmBlank size: Φ120×L500mm
合金类型：A7075铝合金Alloy Type: A7075 Aluminum Alloy
挤压机型：800tExtrusion model: 800t
燃气加热区加热温度及时间：350℃，2hGas heating zone heating temperature and time: 350°C, 2h
坯料头尾目标温差：30℃Target temperature difference between billet head and tail: 30°C
风冷机冷却速度及时间：1m3/min，冷却2minAir cooler cooling speed and time: 1m 3 /min, cooling 2min
电磁感应加热温度及时间：480℃，8sElectromagnetic induction heating temperature and time: 480°C, 8s
电磁感应加热频率：5KHZElectromagnetic induction heating frequency: 5KHZ
电磁感应加热深度：5mmElectromagnetic induction heating depth: 5mm
挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉加热铝合金棒材的具体工作过程：The specific working process of heating aluminum alloy rods in a heat treatment furnace with temperature gradient distribution of extrusion billets:
步骤1：将铝合金棒材放到燃气加热区加热到350℃，保温2h；Step 1: Put the aluminum alloy bar in the gas heating zone and heat it to 350°C, and keep it warm for 2 hours;
步骤2：在风冷区以1m3/min冷却2min，尾部温度降到320℃；Step 2: Cool at 1m 3 /min for 2 minutes in the air-cooled zone, and the temperature at the tail drops to 320°C;
步骤3：在电磁感应加热区，以感应频率5KHZ，加热时间8s，加热到480℃，加热深度约为5mm。实现7075铝合金的轴向头高尾低、径向外高内低的梯温材料制备。Step 3: In the electromagnetic induction heating zone, the induction frequency is 5KHZ, the heating time is 8s, heated to 480°C, and the heating depth is about 5mm. Realize the material preparation of gradient temperature of 7075 aluminum alloy with axial head high and tail low, radial outer high and inner low.
同时风冷区的热空气通过管道在燃气区循环利用，达到节能的效果。At the same time, the hot air in the air-cooled area is recycled in the gas area through the pipeline, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例采用的实现挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉如实施例1所示。The heat treatment furnace used in this embodiment to realize the temperature gradient distribution of the extrusion billet is shown in Embodiment 1.
本实施例采用的挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理的主要参数为：The main parameters of the heat treatment of the extruded billet temperature gradient distribution used in this embodiment are:
坯料尺寸：Φ100×L500mmBlank size: Φ100×L500mm
合金类型：AZ31镁合金Alloy type: AZ31 magnesium alloy
挤压机型：800tExtrusion model: 800t
燃气加热区加热温度及时间：250℃，1.5hGas heating zone heating temperature and time: 250°C, 1.5h
坯料头尾目标温差：20℃Target temperature difference between billet head and tail: 20°C
风冷机冷却速度及时间：1m3/min，冷却1minAir cooler cooling speed and time: 1m 3 /min, cooling 1min
电磁感应加热温度及时间：420℃，10sElectromagnetic induction heating temperature and time: 420°C, 10s
电磁感应加热频率：6KHZElectromagnetic induction heating frequency: 6KHZ
电磁感应加热深度：4mmElectromagnetic induction heating depth: 4mm
挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉加热镁合金棒材的具体工作过程：The specific working process of heating magnesium alloy rods in a heat treatment furnace with temperature gradient distribution of extrusion billets:
步骤1：将镁合金棒材放到燃气加热区加热到250℃，保温1.5h；Step 1: Put the magnesium alloy rod into the gas heating zone and heat it to 250°C, and keep it warm for 1.5h;
步骤2：在风冷区以1m3/min冷却1min，尾部温度降到230℃；Step 2: Cool at 1m 3 /min for 1min in the air-cooled zone, and the tail temperature drops to 230°C;
步骤3：在电磁感应加热区，以感应频率6KHZ，加热时间10s，加热到420℃，加热深度约为4mm。实现AZ31镁合金的轴向头高尾低、径向外高内低的梯温材料制备。Step 3: In the electromagnetic induction heating zone, the induction frequency is 6KHZ, the heating time is 10s, heated to 420°C, and the heating depth is about 4mm. Realize the material preparation of AZ31 magnesium alloy with high axial head and low tail, radial outer high and inner low temperature gradient material.
同时风冷区的热空气通过管道在燃气区循环利用，达到节能的效果。At the same time, the hot air in the air-cooled area is recycled in the gas area through the pipeline, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例采用的挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理的主要参数为：The main parameters of the heat treatment of the extruded billet temperature gradient distribution used in this embodiment are:
坯料尺寸：Φ180×L500mmBlank size: Φ180×L500mm
合金类型：ZK61镁合金Alloy type: ZK61 magnesium alloy
挤压机型：800tExtrusion model: 800t
燃气加热区加热温度及时间：280℃，3hGas heating zone heating temperature and time: 280°C, 3h
坯料头尾目标温差：30℃Target temperature difference between billet head and tail: 30°C
风冷机冷却速度及时间：2m3/min，冷却2minAir cooler cooling speed and time: 2m 3 /min, cooling 2min
电磁感应加热温度及时间：420℃，10sElectromagnetic induction heating temperature and time: 420°C, 10s
电磁感应加热频率：4KHZElectromagnetic induction heating frequency: 4KHZ
电磁感应加热深度：6mmElectromagnetic induction heating depth: 6mm
挤压坯料温度梯度分布的热处理炉加热镁合金棒材的具体工作过程：The specific working process of heating magnesium alloy rods in a heat treatment furnace with temperature gradient distribution of extrusion billets:
步骤1：将镁合金棒材放到燃气加热区加热到250℃，保温1.5h；Step 1: Put the magnesium alloy rod into the gas heating zone and heat it to 250°C, and keep it warm for 1.5h;
步骤2：在风冷区以1m3/min冷却1min，尾部温度降到230℃；Step 2: Cool at 1m 3 /min for 1min in the air-cooled zone, and the tail temperature drops to 230°C;
步骤3：在电磁感应加热区，以感应频率6KHZ，加热时间10s，加热到420℃，加热深度约为4mm。实现ZK60镁合金的轴向头高尾低、径向外高内低的梯温材料制备。Step 3: In the electromagnetic induction heating zone, the induction frequency is 6KHZ, the heating time is 10s, heated to 420°C, and the heating depth is about 4mm. Realize the preparation of ZK60 magnesium alloy with high axial head and low tail, radial outer high and inner low temperature gradient material preparation.
同时风冷区的热空气通过管道在燃气区循环利用，达到节能的效果。At the same time, the hot air in the air-cooled area is recycled in the gas area through the pipeline, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving.
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, there may be various modifications and changes in the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this application shall be included within the protection scope of this application.
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| CN109985910A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-09 | 安徽马钢和菱实业有限公司 | A kind of thin-walled Trailer car shaft thickens shoulder region and rolls preceding heating means |
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| CN107866443A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-04-03 | 上海利正卫星应用技术有限公司 | Strip on-line heating device during a kind of magnesium alloy rolling |
| CN107866443B (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2023-11-28 | 上海利正卫星应用技术有限公司 | On-line heating device for plate and strip during magnesium alloy rolling |
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| CN109985910B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-07-03 | 安徽马钢和菱实业有限公司 | Heating method before rolling for thickened shaft shoulder area of thin-wall trailer axle |
| CN112808788A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-18 | 淮安和通汽车零部件有限公司 | Extrusion processing method of automobile anti-collision beam |
| CN113234905A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-10 | 烟台大学 | High-flux preparation method and device for gradient thermal deformation and gradient thermal treatment |
| CN113234905B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2023-06-13 | 烟台大学 | High-flux preparation method and device for gradient thermal deformation and gradient thermal treatment |
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