CN106618765A - 一种用于牙科种植体的抗菌肽层 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
- A61C8/0013—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy with a surface layer, coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
- A61C8/0016—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy polymeric material
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,具体是带有不同层数涂层的牙种植体。其涂层主要依靠阳离子与阴离子相互之间的静电引力,在种植体固体表面形成有序排列的分子涂层,因为壳聚糖和透明质酸层是具有良好生物降解性和生物相容性的生物材料。由于表层硫酸软骨素层‑抗菌肽层复合层结构的存在,具有持久、高效的杀菌、抗感染能力,其抗菌、抗凋亡活性,能够支持多种细胞(如成骨细胞、软骨细胞)的粘附、存活、生长与分化,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于牙种植体技术领域,具体涉及一种用于牙科种植体的抗菌肽层。
背景技术
随着牙种植体技术的不断发展,和被医患者广泛的认可,也是近年口腔医学里发展最快的一个专业,不断取得突破性进展,正在为更多的牙疾患者提供专业帮助。然而,不得不承认的另一现状是,现有的介入装置植入体内后很容易发生感染。主要的感染机制是进入体内的细菌首先粘附在材料表面,由于体内丰富的营养环境,细菌发生繁殖,形成了一层保护性的生物膜。生物膜的存在使得医用装置引发的感染尤为难治。
Roos.Jansaker等对种植术后患者进行多年的随访,以存在探诊出血同时未出现骨质丧失为诊断标准进行临床病例统计,结果显示,种植体周黏膜炎的发病率约为79%;甚至有研究表明,约有超过90%的种植体出现过探诊出血。而种植体周围炎可导致种植体周骨组织的缺损、丧失,如不及时治疗可导致种植体的松动脱落。
生物活性肽是蛋白质中20个天然氨基酸以不同组成和排列方式构成的从二肽到复杂的线性、环形结构的不同肽类的总称,是源于蛋白质的多功能化合物。活性肽具有多种人体代谢和生理调节功能,易消化吸收,有促进免疫、激素调节、抗菌、抗病毒、降血压、降血脂等作用。
由于牙种植体表面的主要成分通常处理为带负电状态。并将含有电正性基团的聚合物如壳聚糖与牙种植体表面有较好的黏附作用。另外含有与羟基互为氢键给体/受体的基团的聚合物,如海藻酸钠、羟丙基纤维素等也可能与牙种植体表面有一定的黏附作用。
所以,牙种植体对材料的表面性质要求非常高。因此,探索新型的牙种植体表面改性方法逐渐成为了种植领域的科研方向。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是:公开一种用于牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其所述抗菌肽层为覆盖于表面为二氧化钛纳米管阵列层的牙种植体表面的,且由正电荷壳聚糖层和负电荷透明质酸钠层交替组装,外层负载硫酸软骨素层-抗菌肽层。
对于上述技术方案,优选的情况下,所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其中,所述抗菌肽层包括以下操作步骤:
(1)将表面为二氧化钛纳米管阵列层的牙种植体清洗备用;
(2)制备0.5~5mg/ml的壳聚糖溶液:浓度为0.5mg/ml透明质酸钠溶液;
(3)将步骤(1)所述的牙种植体浸没于步骤(2)所得壳聚糖溶液中10~20min,以使牙种植体表面带上正电荷;再用去离子水充分清洗;
(4)将步骤(3)所述的牙种植体浸没于浓度为0.5mg/ml透明质酸钠溶液中5~10min,以使牙种植体表面带上负电荷;再用去离子水充分清洗;
根据需要组装的层数,重复步骤(3)、(4)和(3)即可得到带有不同层数涂层的牙种植体;
(5)将步骤(4)所述的牙种植体在浓度为2mg/mL的硫酸软骨素硫酸钠盐溶液中浸泡5~15min,溶液体系控制pH值为6,再用去离子水充分清洗后自然干燥;再将涂覆有硫酸软骨素的牙种植体浸泡于pH值为7,浓度为0.5mg/mL的抗菌肽溶液中5~15min,再用去离子水充分清洗后自然干燥,获得涂覆有硫酸软骨素层-抗菌肽层复合层的材料。
对于上述技术方案,优选的情况下,所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其中,所述的清洗是指去离子水,乙醇和丙酮超声清洗,用氮气吹干后,放于真空干燥箱中,在60℃的条件下干燥24小时。
对于上述技术方案,优选的情况下,所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其中,所述的壳聚糖的脱乙酰度为50~98%,Mw为100~1500kDa。
对于上述技术方案,优选的情况下,所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其中,所述的壳聚糖溶液为将壳聚糖溶解在0.3~3%的乙酸溶液中,配成0.5~5mg/ml的壳聚糖溶液,将所得溶液与液体石蜡混合,体积比为0.1~0.4,并加入体积浓度为0.5~1%的司盘80,同时加入分散剂硬脂酸镁,司盘80与硬脂酸镁的质量比为2~4∶1,搅拌所得油包水乳液,向其中加入5~10mg/ml的交联剂香草醛1ml,40℃~60℃搅拌状态下反应4~6小时后;静置取上清液;再将所得的壳聚糖微粒以水悬浮,添加少量的冰醋酸溶液,磁力搅拌器搅拌条件下,再加入NaCl,使其终浓度达到0.15M;该溶液带正电荷。
对于上述技术方案,优选的情况下,所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其中,所述静置取上清液是指,静置12小时以上分离油水相,取下层水溶液,调节pH值为8~9,离心除去沉淀物,取上清液得到壳聚糖微粒悬浮液。
对于上述技术方案,优选的情况下,所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其中,所述浓度为0.5mg/ml透明质酸钠溶液的配置方法为:称取50mg透明质酸钠粉剂,置于100ml的灭菌后去离子水中,在无菌密闭容器中,磁力搅拌至粉剂完全溶解,此溶液带有负电荷。
本发明的创新特征是:
本发明所制备的带有不同层数涂层的牙种植体。其涂层主要依靠阳离子与阴离子相互之间的静电引力,在种植体固体表面形成有序排列的分子涂层,因为壳聚糖和透明质酸是具有良好生物降解性和生物相容性的生物材料。由于表层硫酸软骨素层-抗菌肽层复合层结构的存在,具有持久、高效的杀菌、抗感染能力,其抗菌、抗凋亡活性,能够支持多种细胞(如成骨细胞、软骨细胞)的粘附、存活、生长与分化,具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下述非限制性实施例可以使本领域的普通技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思进行等同替换或改变均属于本发明保护范畴。
配置浓度为0.5mg/ml透明质酸钠溶液;
称取50mg透明质酸钠粉剂,置于100ml的灭菌后去离子水中,在无菌密闭容器中,磁力搅拌至粉剂完全溶解。此溶液带有负电荷。
配置浓度为0.5mg/mL抗菌肽溶液
称取5mg抗菌肽,将其溶解于10mL去离子水中,制备成pH值为7,浓度为0.5mg/mL抗菌肽溶液。
实施例1
(1)将表面为二氧化钛纳米管阵列层的牙种植体,依次用去离子水,乙醇和丙酮超声清洗,用氮气吹干后,放于真空干燥箱中,在60℃的条件下干燥24小时,放置备用;
(2)将壳聚糖溶解在0.3%的乙酸溶液中,配成0.5mg/ml的壳聚糖溶液,所述的壳聚糖的脱乙酰度为50%,Mw为1000kDa。
(3)将步骤(2)所得溶液与液体石蜡混合,体积比为0.1,并加入体积浓度为0.5%的司盘80,同时加入分散剂硬脂酸镁,司盘80与硬脂酸镁的质量比为2∶1,室温下搅拌1小时以上,形成均匀的油包水乳液;
(4)在将步骤(3)所得油包水乳液中加入5mg/ml的交联剂香草醛1ml,40℃搅拌状态下反应4小时,得到壳聚糖微粒;
(5)将步骤(4)所得产物静置12小时以上分离油水相,取下层水溶液,调节pH值为8,离心除去沉淀物,取上清液得到壳聚糖微粒悬浮液
(6)向去离子水中加入步骤(5)所得的壳聚糖微粒悬浮液,添加lml的冰醋酸溶液,磁力搅拌器搅拌条件下,再加入NaCl,使其终浓度达到0.15M;该溶液带正电荷;
实施例2
(1)将表面为二氧化钛纳米管阵列层的牙种植体,依次用去离子水,乙醇和丙酮超声清洗,用氮气吹干后,放于真空干燥箱中,在60℃的条件下干燥24小时,放置备用;
(2)将壳聚糖溶解在3%的乙酸溶液中,配成5mg/ml的壳聚糖溶液,所述的壳聚糖的脱乙酰度为98%,Mw为1500kDa。
(3)将步骤(2)所得溶液与液体石蜡混合,体积比为0.4,并加入体积浓度为1%的司盘80,同时加入分散剂硬脂酸镁,司盘80与硬脂酸镁的质量比为4∶1,室温下搅拌1小时以上,形成均匀的油包水乳液;
(4)在将步骤(3)所得油包水乳液中加入10mg/ml的交联剂香草醛1ml,60℃搅拌状态下反应6小时,得到壳聚糖微粒;
(5)将步骤(4)所得产物静置12小时以上分离油水相,取下层水溶液,调节pH值为9,离心除去沉淀物,取上清液得到壳聚糖微粒悬浮液
(6)向去离子水中加入步骤(5)所得的壳聚糖微粒悬浮液,添加lml的冰醋酸溶液,磁力搅拌器搅拌条件下,再加入NaCl,使其终浓度达到0.15M;该溶液带正电荷;
实施例3
将实施例1中步骤(1)处理得到的牙种植体浸没于上文实施例1和2所述的壳聚糖溶液中10~20min,以使牙种植体表面带上正电荷;再用去离子水充分清洗;
将上述清洗后的牙种植体浸没于上文所述的浓度为0.5mg/ml透明质酸钠溶液中10~20min,以使牙种植体表面带上负电荷;再用去离子水充分清洗;
处理得到的牙种植体浸没于上文实施例1和2所述的壳聚糖溶液中10~20min,以使牙种植体表面带上正电荷;再用去离子水充分清洗;
根据需要组装的层数,重复实施例3的步骤2次以上,即可得到带有不同层数涂层的牙种植体。
实施例4
将实施例3中根据需要组装不同层数涂层的牙种植体,在浓度为2mg/mL的硫酸软骨素硫酸钠盐溶液(带有负电荷的多糖溶液)中浸泡10~20min,溶液体系控制pH值为6,再用去离子水充分清洗后自然干燥;
将涂覆该有硫酸软骨素的材料浸泡于pH值为7,浓度为0.5mg/mL的抗菌肽溶液中15min,再用去离子水充分清洗后自然干燥,获得涂覆有硫酸软骨素层-抗菌肽层复合层的材料。
针对上述方法制备获得的牙种植体,进行表面接触角分析,其结果从亲水性和润湿性上也证实了涂层的存在。根据分析可知,本发明所制备的带有不同层数涂层的牙种植体。其涂层主要依靠阳离子与阴离子相互之间的静电引力,在种植体固体表面形成有序排列的分子涂层,因为壳聚糖和透明质酸是具有良好生物降解性和生物相容性的生物材料。由于表层硫酸软骨素层-抗菌肽层复合层结构的存在,具有持久、高效的杀菌、抗感染能力,其抗菌、抗凋亡活性,能够支持多种细胞(如成骨细胞、软骨细胞)的粘附、存活、生长与分化,具有广阔的应用前景。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其特征在于:所述抗菌肽层为覆盖于表面为二氧化钛纳米管阵列层的牙种植体表面的,且由正电荷壳聚糖层和负电荷透明质酸钠层交替组装,外层负载硫酸软骨素层-抗菌肽层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其特征在于:所述抗菌肽层的制备方法包括以下操作步骤:
(1)将表面为二氧化钛纳米管阵列层的牙种植体清洗备用;
(2)制备0.5~5mg/ml的壳聚糖溶液:浓度为0.5mg/ml透明质酸钠溶液;
(3)将步骤(1)所述的牙种植体浸没于步骤(2)所得壳聚糖溶液中10~20min,以使牙种植体表面带上正电荷;再用去离子水充分清洗;
(4)将步骤(3)所述的牙种植体浸没于浓度为0.5mg/ml透明质酸钠溶液中5~10min,以使牙种植体表面带上负电荷;再用去离子水充分清洗;
根据需要组装的层数,重复步骤(3)、(4)和(3)即可得到带有不同层数涂层的牙种植体;
(5)将步骤(4)所述的牙种植体在浓度为2mg/mL的硫酸软骨素硫酸钠盐溶液中浸泡5~15min,溶液体系控制pH值为6,再用去离子水充分清洗后自然干燥;再将涂覆有硫酸软骨素的牙种植体浸泡于pH值为7,浓度为0.5mg/mL的抗菌肽溶液中5~15min,再用去离子水充分清洗后自然干燥,获得涂覆有硫酸软骨素层-抗菌肽层复合层的材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其特征在于:所述的清洗是指去离子水,乙醇和丙酮超声清洗,用氮气吹干后,放于真空干燥箱中,在60℃的条件下干燥24小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其特征在于:所述的壳聚糖的脱乙酰度为50~98%,Mw为100~1500kDa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其特征在于:所述的壳聚糖溶液为将壳聚糖溶解在0.3~3%的乙酸溶液中,配成0.5~5mg/ml的壳聚糖溶液,将所得溶液与液体石蜡混合,体积比为0.1~0.4,并加入体积浓度为0.5~1%的司盘80,同时加入分散剂硬脂酸镁,司盘80与硬脂酸镁的质量比为2~4∶1,搅拌所得油包水乳液,向其中加入5~10mg/ml的交联剂香草醛1ml,40℃~60℃搅拌状态下反应4~6小时后;静置取上清液;再将所得的壳聚糖微粒以水悬浮,添加少量的冰醋酸溶液,磁力搅拌器搅拌条件下,再加入NaCl,使其终浓度达到0.15M;该溶液带正电荷。
6.根据权利要求5所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其特征在于:所述静置取上清液是指,静置12小时以上分离油水相,取下层水溶液,调节pH值为8~9,离心除去沉淀物,取上清液得到壳聚糖微粒悬浮液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的牙科种植体的抗菌肽层,其特征在于:所述浓度为0.5mg/ml透明质酸钠溶液的配置方法为:称取50mg透明质酸钠粉剂,置于100ml的灭菌后去离子水中,在无菌密闭容器中,磁力搅拌至粉剂完全溶解,此溶液带有负电荷。
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