CN106585660A - Automatic regulating apparatus for empty and heavy vehicle used for air braking system of fast lorry - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is an automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy trucks used in the air braking system of express trucks, which includes a weighing valve and a weight-adjusting valve; The weight adjustment valve and the weighing valve supply pressure; the adjustment valve with weight is connected to the brake cylinder through the pipeline; Apply control pressure; the weighing valve is connected with the weight-adjusting valve through the pipeline; the weighing valve is set between the bogie and the load spring to directly bear the load acting on the bogie and generate a pressure signal proportional to the load; The pressure signal is transmitted to the weight-adjusting valve through the pipeline, and the weight-adjusting valve adjusts the braking pressure supplied to the brake cylinder by the auxiliary air cylinder according to the magnitude of the pressure signal. The invention can realize the adjustment of the pressure of the brake cylinder according to the difference of the load weight during the braking process of the express truck.

Description

An automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy trucks used in the air brake system of express trucks

technical field

The invention relates to an air brake system of express freight cars, in particular to an automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy cars used in the air brake system of express freight cars.

Background technique

The air braking system of express trucks adopts a two-pressure indirect-acting air control valve, which must meet the emergency braking distance requirement of 1400 meters, which is the same as that of a passenger car, but has a larger weight-to-empty ratio, and the available space within the allowable range of adhesion is very large. It is small, and there are many changes in the category of loaded goods, and the range of load changes is wide.

At present, the KZW series of automatic adjustment devices for empty and heavy vehicles used in domestic general cargo trains, the basic principle is to use the shunt method to divert part of the excess pressure air entering the brake cylinder to the depressurization air cylinder through the sensing valve, thereby reducing the braking force. cylinder pressure. When the load of the vehicle increases, the pressure air diverted into the decompression air cylinder is reduced, and the pressure of the brake cylinder is increased, so that the braking force of the vehicle increases with the increase of the load of the vehicle, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the braking force of the vehicle. This empty-load vehicle adjustment method is currently only applicable to two-pressure direct-acting air brakes.

The difference between the direct-acting type and the indirect-acting type is that the braking and relief of the direct-acting air brake are directly controlled by the air pressure of the train tube and the action of the main piston; while the air pressure of the train tube of the indirect-acting air brake The air pressure in the action chamber is directly controlled by the action of the main piston, and then the brake cylinder is indirectly controlled by the air pressure in the action chamber and the action of the second piston.

The air brake used in the express truck air brake system is a two-pressure indirect action type, which is different from the two-pressure direct-action air control valve used in the KZW series empty-load truck automatic adjustment device. Therefore, the KZW series empty-load truck The automatic adjustment device cannot be applied in the express truck air brake system. The U5A empty-load truck adjusting valve used in some passenger cars uses the air spring pressure as the load signal and must be used in conjunction with the air spring, while the express truck uses a truck bogie without an air spring, so the U5A empty-load truck adjusting valve cannot be used It is used in the air brake system of express trucks.

Therefore, relying on many years of experience and practice in related industries, the inventor proposes an automatic adjustment device for empty-load trucks used in the air brake system of express trucks to overcome the defects of the prior art.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an automatic adjustment device for an empty-load vehicle used in the air brake system of a fast truck, so as to realize the adjustment of the pressure of the brake cylinder according to the weight of the cargo during the braking process of the fast truck.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy trucks used in the air brake system of express trucks, which can compensate or eliminate the inaccurate weighing caused by vehicle eccentric loads, and does not need to increase the average valve separately, simplifying the structure.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy trucks used in the air brake system of express trucks, which can weaken the adverse effects of pressure signal fluctuations caused by vehicle body vibration on the magnitude of the braking force.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy trucks used in the air braking system of express trucks, which can adjust the air pressure value charged into the brake cylinder in a wide range with the change of the weight of the truck. Make continuous adjustments.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved in this way, a kind of automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy trucks used in the air brake system of express trucks. The two-pressure indirect-acting air control system includes a control valve, a working air cylinder, an auxiliary air cylinder and a brake cylinder; Pipelines are respectively connected to the weight-variable adjustment valve and the weighing valve to supply pressure to the weight-variable adjustment valve and the weighing valve; the weight-variable adjustment valve is connected to the brake cylinder through pipelines; The weight adjusting valve is also connected with the volume chamber and the control valve in turn through the pipeline, and the control valve applies control pressure to the weight adjusting valve through the volume chamber; the weighing valve is connected through the pipeline The weight adjusting valve;

The weighing valve is arranged between the bogie and the load spring, and is used to directly bear the load acting on the bogie and generate a pressure signal proportional to the load; the pressure signal is transmitted through a pipeline For the variable weight adjustment valve, the variable weight adjustment valve adjusts the magnitude of the braking pressure supplied to the brake cylinder by the auxiliary air cylinder according to the magnitude of the pressure signal.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bogie includes a front bogie and a rear bogie, two weighing valves are arranged on each carriage, and the first weighing valve is arranged on the front bogie. on and on a first side of the car, and a second weighing valve is disposed on the rear bogie on a second side opposite the first side of the car.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weighing valve includes a weighing valve body, an intake valve, an exhaust valve, and a balance pressure chamber; the lower part of the weighing valve body is provided with a weighing piston chamber , the weighing piston cavity is provided with an intermediate body, a disc spring and a weighing piston in sequence from top to bottom; the intermediate body is fixed to the weighing valve body; the upper surface of the disc spring is in contact with the weighing piston An upper elastic ring is sandwiched between the intermediate bodies, and a lower elastic ring is sandwiched between the lower surface of the disc spring and the weighing piston; the diameter of the lower elastic ring is smaller than the diameter of the upper elastic ring The upper part of the weighing valve body is connected to the bearing spring, and the weighing piston is connected to the bogie; a transmission mechanism is provided between the disc spring and the intake valve; The air valve is connected with the auxiliary air cylinder through a pipeline; the balance pressure chamber is located above the intermediate body and is separated from the weighing piston chamber by the intermediate body; the balance pressure chamber separates the inlet The air valve is in communication with the exhaust valve, and the exhaust valve is connected to the weight adjusting valve through a pipeline;

The weighing piston can cause the disc spring to arch upwards and deform under load, and the deformation of the disc spring can push the transmission mechanism to move upwards to open the intake valve, and the auxiliary air cylinder to The pressure air is injected into the balance pressure chamber; the conduction mechanism can move downward under the action of the pressure air to close the intake valve; the pressure air in the balance pressure chamber enters the accompanying weight through the exhaust valve adjusting the valve; the pressure in the balance pressure chamber forms the pressure signal.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transmission mechanism includes a push rod, a disc and a push rod; the push rod passes through the intermediate body vertically, and the lower end of the push rod abuts against the circle On the leaf spring, the disc is horizontally fixed on the push rod; the disc can move up and down with the push rod; the lower end of the push rod leans against the push rod, and the push rod The upper end leans against the intake valve and can open the intake valve; the disc is located at the bottom of the balance pressure chamber, and the pressure air in the balance pressure chamber can push the disc downward move.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface of the intermediate body is provided with a recessed portion, the disc is located in the recessed portion, and a pressure-bearing diaphragm is provided on the upper surface of the disc, so that Above the pressure-bearing diaphragm is the balance pressure chamber, and the pressure-receiving diaphragm separates the concave part from the balance pressure chamber.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intake valve includes a valve sleeve and a valve core, and the valve sleeve is arranged in the valve body of the weighing valve; the valve sleeve is provided with a pressure air cavity and a connecting channel , the valve core can move up and down in the pressure air chamber; the pressure air chamber communicates with the auxiliary air cylinder through a pipeline, and the connecting channel can communicate the pressure air chamber and the balance pressure chamber ; The lower end of the spool abuts against the upper port of the connecting passage to block the connecting passage; the push rod passes through the connecting passage, and the upper end of the push rod abuts against the spool The lower end; the push rod is pressed down by the push rod compression spring; the valve core is pressed down by the valve core compression spring.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust valve includes an exhaust valve seat and a valve ball, the exhaust valve seat is provided with a main exhaust hole and a damping hole, the main exhaust hole and the The damping hole can communicate the balance pressure chamber with the weight adjusting valve; the valve ball is set on the upper port of the main exhaust hole, and the valve ball is pressed by the valve ball compression spring above the upper port of the main exhaust hole.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the variable-weight adjusting valve includes a variable-weight adjusting valve body, a pressure transmission piston assembly, a shift fork assembly, a balance lever assembly, a control pressure valve, and a pressure distribution valve; the shift fork The assembly includes a shift fork, which is rotatably connected to the body of the adjusting valve with weight through a shift fork shaft and can swing in a vertical plane; the pressure transmission piston assembly is arranged below the shift fork shaft and The lower end of the shift fork can be driven to swing back and forth; the upper end of the shift fork is provided with a long slot consistent with the extension direction of the shift fork, and a fulcrum shaft is provided for sliding in the long slot, and the fulcrum shaft is supported on a horizontal fixed On the sliding rod on the valve body of the adjustable weight adjusting valve, the reciprocating swing of the upper end of the shift fork promotes the horizontal reciprocating movement of the fulcrum shaft along the sliding rod;

The pressure transmission piston assembly is connected to the exhaust valve through a pipeline, the pressure air in the balance pressure chamber enters the pressure transmission piston assembly through the exhaust valve, and the pressure transmission piston assembly passes through the dial a fork assembly causes displacement of the fulcrum shaft proportional to the pressure signal;

The balance lever assembly includes a lever, the lever is arranged above the fulcrum shaft and has a certain gap with the fulcrum shaft; the middle part of the lever is hinged on the hanging rod, and the hanging rod can move up and down. Supported in the valve body of the adjustable load valve;

The control pressure valve and the pressure distribution valve are located above the lever and are respectively arranged on both sides of the fulcrum shaft; the control pressure valve is provided with a control pressure push valve against the first end of the lever. The control pressure valve is connected to the volume chamber through a pipeline, and is used to receive the control pressure and make the control pressure push head apply downward pressure to the first end of the lever under the action of the control pressure; The pressure distribution valve is provided with a brake pressure push head against the second end of the lever, and the pressure distribution valve is respectively connected to the auxiliary air cylinder and the brake cylinder through pipelines; the lever can be The fulcrum shaft is used as a fulcrum to swing, and the brake pressure push head moves upward to open the pressure distribution valve, so that the auxiliary air cylinder supplies brake pressure to the brake cylinder; the brake pressure push head Under the action of brake pressure, the second end of the lever can be pushed down to close the pressure distribution valve.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bogie includes a front bogie and a rear bogie, two weighing valves are arranged on each carriage, and the first weighing valve is arranged on the front bogie. on and on a first side of the car, and a second weighing valve is disposed on the rear bogie on a second side opposite the first side of the car.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure transmission piston assembly includes a piston cylinder, a piston rod and a return spring; the piston cylinder is fixed on one side of the lower part of the valve body of the variable weight adjustment valve; the piston cylinder The first piston chamber and the second piston chamber are arranged horizontally inside; the piston rod is arranged horizontally and penetrates the lower part of the valve body of the variable weight adjustment valve; the first pressure transmission piston is arranged horizontally on the piston rod and the second pressure transmission piston, the first pressure transmission piston and the second pressure transmission piston are respectively arranged in the first piston cavity and the second piston cavity; the first piston cavity is connected with the pipeline through the The exhaust valve of the first weighing valve is connected, and the second piston cavity is connected with the exhaust valve of the second weighing valve through a pipeline; the first piston cavity is connected to the first weighing valve. The pressure in the two piston chambers acts on the first pressure transmission piston and the second pressure transmission piston respectively, so that the piston rod is pushed in the same direction; the return spring is sleeved on the outside of the piston rod and A restoring force opposite to the received thrust is applied to the piston rod; the piston rod can horizontally reciprocate under the action of the thrust and restoring force, and the lower end of the shift fork is hinged to the piston rod.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control pressure valve is arranged in the valve body of the adjusting valve with weight, and the control pressure valve includes a control pressure valve cavity and a control pressure valve piston; the control pressure valve piston can The one that moves up and down is set in the control pressure valve cavity; the control pressure valve cavity is connected to the volume chamber through a pipeline, and the lower end of the control pressure valve piston is connected to the control pressure pusher; the control pressure valve The piston can push the control pressure push head to move downward under the action of the pressure air in the control pressure valve cavity.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure distribution valve is arranged in the valve body of the adjusting valve with weight, and the pressure distribution valve includes an upper air cylinder pressure chamber and a lower brake pressure chamber; The cylinder pressure chamber communicates with the brake pressure chamber through a connecting through hole; the air cylinder pressure chamber communicates with the auxiliary air cylinder through a pipeline, and the brake pressure chamber communicates with the brake cylinder through a pipeline Connected; the pressure chamber of the air cylinder is provided with a pressure valve core that can move up and down and a pressure spring for the pressure valve core, and the lower end of the pressure valve core can lean against the connection through hole to block the connection through hole ; The compression spring of the pressure spool presses the pressure spool downward;

The brake pressure chamber is provided with a pressure-bearing piston and a push rod, and the upper end of the pressure-bearing piston is fixed with the push rod, and the push rod can pass through the connecting hole and lean against the The lower end of the pressure spool; the lower end of the pressure-bearing piston is fixed with the brake pressure pusher; the brake pressure pusher can move upwards under the push of the second end of the lever to drive the pressure-bearing piston And the push rod moves up, the push rod can push the pressure spool upward to open the connection through hole, and the pressure air in the pressure chamber of the air cylinder enters the through hole through the connection In the brake pressure chamber; the pressure in the brake pressure chamber acts on the pressure-bearing piston at the same time, so that the pressure-bearing piston drives the push rod to move downward, and the connecting through hole is pressed by the pressure. The spool is blocked.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the center of the pressure valve core is provided with an exhaust through hole that penetrates up and down; The exhaust through hole is blocked, and after the push rod moves down, the exhaust through hole can communicate the brake pressure chamber with the outside of the valve body of the variable weight adjusting valve.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a vertical slideway is provided in the valve body of the variable load adjusting valve, and the hanging rod is arranged in the slideway so that it can move up and down. A rod spring, and the hanging rod is supported on the valve body of the adjusting valve with weight through the hanging rod spring.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gap between the lever and the fulcrum shaft is 1mm-2mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an adjusting nut is provided on the lower part of the valve body of the variable-load adjusting valve opposite to the piston cylinder, and the adjusting nut is threadedly connected to the valve body of the adjusting-with-weight valve. Above, one end of the adjustment nut protruding into the valve body of the variable weight adjustment valve abuts against one end of the return spring, and the other end of the return spring abuts against the piston rod.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the piston rod translates to the first side of the valve body of the adjusting valve with weight under the action of the pressure in the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, so The return spring makes the piston rod translate to the second side of the valve body of the variable load valve; the control pressure valve is located at the first side of the valve body of the variable load valve, and the pressure distribution valve is located at the Adjust the second side of the valve body with weight.

From the above, the automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy vehicles of the present invention has the following advantages:

1. By setting the weighing valve and the adjusting valve with the weight, the pressure of the brake cylinder can be adjusted according to the weight of the cargo during the fast braking process of the truck.

2. There are two weighing valves on each car, which are respectively set on the front bogie and the rear bogie and located on opposite sides of the car, which can compensate or eliminate the inaccurate weighing caused by the unbalanced load of the car.

3. The pressure transmission piston assembly of the load-adjusting valve adopts a double piston rod structure, which synthesizes the pressure transmitted by the two weighing valves, and does not need to add a separate averaging valve to simplify the structure.

4. The exhaust valve in the weighing valve adopts the combination of the damping hole and the main exhaust hole in the form of a one-way valve to transmit pressure, which can weaken the adverse effect of the pressure signal fluctuation caused by the vibration of the vehicle body on the braking force.

5. The weight-adjusting valve adopts the principle of lever balance formed by the lever and the fulcrum shaft, and adjusts the position of the fulcrum shaft through the shift fork according to the movement of the double piston rods, and can adjust the charging in a wide range with the change of the weight of the truck. The magnitude of the air pressure value of the brake cylinder is continuously adjusted.

Description of drawings

The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention schematically, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. in:

Fig. 1: It is the overall scheme layout diagram of the automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy vehicles of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural sectional view of the weighing valve in the automatic adjustment device for empty-loaded vehicles of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the weight-adjusting valve in the automatic adjustment device for empty-loaded vehicles of the present invention.

detailed description

In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, the specific implementation manners of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides an automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy trucks used in the air braking system of express trucks. To adjust the technical solution of the pressure of the brake cylinder. The express freight car is composed of multiple carriages, and adopts a two-pressure indirect action air control system, and each carriage is equipped with a set of the above-mentioned automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy vehicles. Wherein, each compartment includes a bogie, a load spring and a two-pressure indirect-acting air control system (also called a two-pressure indirect-acting air brake), and the two-pressure indirect-acting air control system and its working principle are In the prior art, the system mainly includes a control valve 1 , a working air cylinder 2 , an auxiliary air cylinder 3 and a brake cylinder 4 . The train pipe 5 used to provide compressed air is connected to the control valve 1, and the control valve 1 is connected to the working air cylinder 2 and the auxiliary air cylinder 3 through the pipeline, and is controlled by the control valve 1 to enter the working air cylinder 2 and the auxiliary air cylinder 3 from the train pipe 5 pressure air volume. The pressure in the working air cylinder 2 is used to balance the pressure in the train pipe 5, and the control valve 1 can be activated to perform corresponding braking action by changing the pressure in the train pipe 5 to break the balance. The braking pressure of the brake cylinder 4 comes from the auxiliary air cylinder 3 . The automatic adjustment device for an empty-load vehicle includes a weighing valve 10 and a weight-adjusting valve 20 . The auxiliary air cylinder 3 is respectively connected to the variable-weight adjusting valve 20 and the weighing valve 10 through pipelines, and supplies pressure to the variable-weight adjusting valve 20 and the weighing valve 10 . The weight-adjusting valve 20 is connected to the brake cylinder 4 through a pipeline, and the auxiliary air cylinder 3 needs to be connected to the brake cylinder 4 through the weight-adjusting valve 20. Compressed air volume to brake cylinder 4. The weight adjusting valve 20 is also sequentially connected to the volume chamber 6 and the control valve 1 through pipelines, and the control valve 1 applies a control pressure to the weight adjusting valve 20 through the volume chamber 6, which can be passed through The control pressure acting on the weight adjusting valve 20 adjusts the amount of compressed air entering the brake cylinder 4 from the auxiliary air cylinder 3 , thereby adjusting the brake pressure of the brake cylinder 4 . The weighing valve 10 is connected to the weight adjusting valve 20 through a pipeline, so that the pressure on the weighing valve 10 can be transmitted to the adjusting valve 20 with the weight, and the adjusting valve 20 with the weight is transferred from the auxiliary air cylinder 3 to the brake cylinder. 4 The distribution parameters of the distribution pressure air are adjusted.

The weighing valve 10 is arranged between the bogie and the load spring, and this structure makes the weighing valve 10 maintain static contact with the bogie, and the weighing valve 10 directly bears the load acting on the bogie and Generates a pressure signal proportional to the load. The loading weight of the compartment directly acts on the weighing valve 10 through the bearing spring. Compared with the weighing using the displacement method, the weighing method of the present invention will not produce obvious mechanical action or contact with external parts during work, so Better sealing performance and reliability. The pressure signal in the weighing valve 10 is transmitted to the weight adjusting valve 20 through the pipeline, and the weight adjusting valve 20 adjusts the supply of the auxiliary air cylinder 3 to the brake cylinder 4 according to the magnitude of the pressure signal. The size of the brake pressure. The bogie can adopt different structural forms. If the bogie is equipped with axle box springs on the frame, the weighing valve 10 is arranged between the frame and the axle box springs; 10 is arranged between the bolster and the pillow spring. Referring to Fig. 1, the left side is the front, the right side is the rear, and the bogies of each carriage include a front bogie 7 and a rear bogie 8, and each carriage is provided with two weighing valves 10, the first weighing The heavy valve 10 is arranged on the front bogie 7 and is located on the first side of the carriage, and the second weighing valve 10 is arranged on the rear bogie 8 and is located on the second side opposite to the first side of the carriage. side. Specifically, both the front bogie 7 and the rear bogie 8 include front and rear rows of wheels, if the first weighing valve 10 is set at the position corresponding to the upper side of the front bogie 7 and the rear row of wheels, then the second weighing valve 10 is set At the position corresponding to the lower front wheel of the rear bogie 8; similarly, if the first weighing valve 10 is arranged at the corresponding position of the upper front wheel of the front bogie 7, then the second weighing valve 10 is arranged at the rear The position corresponding to the lower side rear row wheel of bogie frame 8. If the carriage is biased to one side, the load condition of the carriage can be obtained in a more balanced manner through the weighing valves 10 symmetrically arranged on the opposite sides of the carriage, effectively compensating or eliminating the inaccurate weighing caused by the partial load of the vehicle.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , the weighing valve 10 mainly includes a weighing valve body 101 , an intake valve, an exhaust valve and a balance pressure chamber 102 . The weighing valve body 101 is roughly a stepped cylinder, and the lower cylinder has a larger diameter. The lower part of the weighing valve body 101 is provided with a weighing piston cavity 103, which is a cylindrical cavity, and the weighing piston cavity 103 is sequentially provided with an intermediate body 104, a circular plate Spring 105 and weighing piston 106. The intermediate body 104 and the weighing piston 106 are disc-shaped, the outer diameter of the intermediate body 104, the disc spring 105 and the weighing piston 106 is equal to the inner diameter of the weighing piston chamber 103, the distance between the weighing piston 106 and the weighing piston chamber 103 A sealing ring 107 forms a seal between the inner walls. The upper end of the intermediate body 104 leans against the shoulder formed on the upper end of the weighing piston cavity 103 and is fixed with the weighing valve body 101 by bolts 108 . An upper elastic ring 109 is sandwiched between the upper surface of the disc spring 105 and the intermediate body 104, and a lower elastic ring 110 is sandwiched between the lower surface of the disc spring 105 and the weighing piston 106. The diameter of the upper elastic ring 109 is the same as that of the disc spring 105, and the diameter of the lower elastic ring 110 is smaller than the diameter of the upper elastic ring 109. The upper part of the weighing valve body 101 is connected to the load spring, and the weighing piston 106 is connected to the bogie, that is, the connecting piece of the bogie is against the center of the bottom of the weighing piston 106 . A transmission mechanism is provided between the disc spring 105 and the intake valve. The transmission mechanism includes a push rod 111, a disc 112 and a push rod 113; the push rod 111 vertically passes through the intermediate body 104, and the lower end of the push rod 111 leans against the disc spring 105, The disc 112 is horizontally fixed on the push rod 111 . The push rod 111 and the disc 112 can adopt different connection structures as long as the function is realized. In this embodiment, a circular hole is provided in the center of the intermediate body 104, and a push rod head 114 is slidably pierced in the circular hole. Insert it in the push rod head 114; the center of the disc 112 is provided with a circular hole, the upper end of the push rod 111 passes through the circular hole, the lower end of the disc 112 is supported on the upper end of the push rod head 114, and the upper end surface of the push rod 111 is in contact with the push rod head 114. The upper end surface of the disc 112 is flush with each other. The upper surface of the intermediate body 104 is provided with a circular concave portion, the disc 112 is located in the concave portion and can move up and down in the concave portion, and a pressure-bearing diaphragm is provided on the upper surface of the disc 112 115 , the diameter of the pressure-receiving diaphragm 115 is larger than the diameter of the recessed portion, and the pressure-receiving diaphragm 115 covers both the disc 112 and the recessed portion. A cavity is also provided in the weighing valve body 101 above the intermediate body 104, and the intermediate body 104 separates the cavity from the weighing piston cavity 103 below; Part of the cavity forms the balance pressure chamber 102 , and the pressure-bearing diaphragm 115 separates the depression below it from the balance pressure chamber 102 . The disc 112 can move up and down with the push rod 111 . The lower end of the ejector rod 113 is disc-shaped with a larger diameter, and the lower end of the ejector rod 113 abuts against the push rod 111, while the lower end of the ejector rod 113 also abuts against the pressure-bearing diaphragm 115 and the disc 112 Press the pressure-bearing diaphragm 115 on the disc 112 and press the disc 112 on the push rod head 114 . The upper end of the push rod 113 is in the shape of a rod with a smaller diameter, and the upper end of the push rod 113 leans against the intake valve and can push the intake valve open. The disc 112 and the pressure-receiving diaphragm 115 are located at the bottom of the balance pressure chamber 102 , and the pressure air in the balance pressure chamber 102 can push the pressure-receiving diaphragm 115 and the disc 112 to move downward. The balance pressure chamber 102 communicates with the intake valve and the exhaust valve, and the exhaust valve is connected to the adjusting valve with weight 20 through a pipeline; the pressure entering the balance pressure chamber 102 from the intake valve Air can enter into the variable load valve 20 through the exhaust valve.

Wherein, the intake valve and the exhaust valve can adopt the valve structure commonly used in the prior art, as long as the above functions can be realized. In this embodiment, the intake valve includes a valve sleeve 116 and a valve core 117 . The upper part of the weighing valve body 101 is a cylinder with a smaller diameter, and the inner center of the upper part of the weighing valve body 101 is provided with a cylindrical mounting hole, and the valve sleeve 116 is arranged in the cylindrical mounting hole, and the valve sleeve 116 is used A cylindrical sleeve made of copper, a copper sleeve 118 is coaxially embedded in the upper part of the valve sleeve 116 , and the lower end of the copper sleeve 118 is supported on the gasket 119 . A sealing ring 120 is used for sealing between the valve sleeve 116 and the inner wall of the cylindrical mounting hole and between the copper sleeve 118 and the valve sleeve 116 . A connecting channel 121 is provided at the lower part of the valve sleeve 116 , and the connecting channel 121 can communicate the inside of the valve sleeve 116 with the balance pressure chamber 102 . The inner diameter of the connecting channel 121 is smaller than the inner diameter of the valve sleeve 116 , forming a shoulder in the valve sleeve 116 . The upper end of the copper sleeve 118 is closed, and a spool guide hole extending vertically is coaxially provided in the copper sleeve 118. The upper part of the spool 117 is a rod shape with a smaller diameter, and the upper part of the spool 117 can slide up and down. core guide hole. A sealing rubber sleeve 122 is also embedded in the copper sleeve 118 at the lower end of the valve core guide hole for forming a sealed connection between the valve core guide hole and the valve core 117 . A spool compression spring 123 is arranged in the spool guide hole, the upper end of the spool compression spring 123 leans against the upper end of the copper sleeve 118, and the lower end of the spool compression spring 123 leans against the spool 117 to press the spool 117 downward. tight. The space in the valve sleeve 116 between the copper sleeve 118 and the shoulder forms a pressure air chamber 124 , and the valve core 117 can move up and down in the pressure air chamber 124 . The compressed air cavity 124 communicates with the secondary air cylinder 3 through a pipeline. The lower end of the valve core 117 is cylindrical with a larger diameter, and the lower end of the valve core 117 abuts against the upper port of the connecting channel 121 (on the formed shoulder) and can block the connecting channel 121 . The push rod 113 passes through the connecting passage 121 , and the upper end of the push rod 113 leans against the lower end of the valve core 117 . The push rod 113 is sleeved with a push rod pressure spring 125, the upper end of the push rod pressure spring 125 is against the valve sleeve 116, and the lower end of the push rod pressure spring 125 is against the push rod 113 and press the push rod 113 downward. The upper end of the cylindrical mounting hole is connected with a loam cake 126, and the valve sleeve 116 and the valve core 117 are covered in the cylindrical mounting hole. The outer surface of the loam cake 126 is also threaded with a lock nut 127, and the loam cake 126 is fastened on the scale. Heavy valve body 101.

An exhaust valve installation hole is provided on one side of the cylindrical installation hole on the weighing valve body 101 , and the lower end of the exhaust valve installation hole communicates with the balance pressure chamber 102 . Described exhaust valve comprises exhaust valve seat 128 and valve ball 129, and the bottom of exhaust valve mounting hole is fixedly provided with a retaining ring 130, and exhaust valve seat 128 is installed in the exhaust valve mounting hole, and exhaust valve seat 128 The upper end of the exhaust valve seat 128 rests on the shoulder formed by the weighing valve body 101, the lower end of the exhaust valve seat 128 is supported on the retaining ring 130, and the sealing ring 131 is passed between the exhaust valve seat 128 and the inner wall of the exhaust valve installation hole. seal. The upper end of the exhaust valve mounting hole is connected to the load-adjusting valve 20 through a pipeline, and a dust filter 133 is also provided on the upper part of the exhaust valve mounting hole. The exhaust valve seat 128 is provided with a main exhaust hole 1281 and a damping hole 1282, and both the main exhaust hole 1281 and the damping hole 1282 can connect the balance pressure chamber 102 and the variable load adjustment valve 20 connected. The upper port of the main exhaust hole 1281 is provided with a sealing surface matching the diameter of the valve ball 129; the valve ball 129 is set on the sealing surface of the upper port of the main exhaust hole 1281, and the main exhaust Hole 1281 is plugged. A valve ball compression spring 132 is provided between the valve ball 129 and the weighing valve body 101, and the valve ball compression spring 132 presses the valve ball 129 against the upper port of the main exhaust hole 1281 place. The lower end of the valve ball compression spring 132 leans against the valve ball 129 , and the upper end of the valve ball compression spring 132 leans against the shoulder formed by the valve body 101 of the weighing valve.

The working process and principle of the weighing valve 10 are as follows: the heavy load of the carriage directly acts on the weighing valve 10 through the bogie and the bearing spring. The weighing piston 106 applies an upward force to the disc spring 105 through the lower elastic ring 110 under load, and the upper end surface of the disc spring 105 abuts against the intermediate body 104 through the upper elastic ring 109, and the upper elastic ring 109 A downward force is applied to the disc spring 105 . Since the diameter of the upper elastic ring 109 is greater than that of the lower elastic ring 110 , under the force of the upper elastic ring 109 and the lower elastic ring 110 , the disc spring 105 can be deformed upward. The amount of deformation of the upward arching of the disc spring 105 and the magnitude of the force transmitted to the push rod head 114 can be controlled by setting different diameters of the disc spring 105 or setting the diameter difference between the upper elastic ring 109 and the lower elastic ring 110 . The deformation of the disc spring 105 can push the transmission mechanism to move upwards. After the transmission mechanism moves upward, the valve core 117 is pushed away, and the pressure air in the pressure air chamber 124 connected with the auxiliary air cylinder 3 enters through the connecting channel 121. Balance the pressure chamber 102; the pressure in the balance pressure chamber 102 acts on the disk 112 through the pressure diaphragm 115 at the same time, so that the disk 112 is subjected to a downward force; when the downward force on the disk 112 is smaller than that of the weighing piston 106 When the upward force is applied, the spool 117 is pushed open all the time, and the pressure air continuously enters the balance pressure chamber 102; when the downward force on the disc 112 is greater than the force on the weighing piston 106, the disc 112 moves downward, At the same time, the spool 117 is re-blocked at the mouth of the connecting channel 121, and the pressure air no longer enters the balance pressure chamber 102; at this time, the pressure in the balance pressure chamber 102 is basically equal to the load on the weighing piston 106, maintaining a balanced state and balancing the pressure. A pressure signal proportional to the magnitude of the load is formed in the cavity 102 . At the same time, the pressure in the balance pressure chamber 102 is transmitted to the weighing valve 10 through the exhaust valve. When the pressure in the balance pressure chamber 102 is transferred to the weighing valve 10, it is mainly transmitted smoothly through the damping hole 1282. If the pressure in the balance pressure chamber 102 increases rapidly, the valve ball 129 can be pushed back to make the pressure transfer through the main exhaust hole 1281 , Reduce pressure transmission hysteresis. If the pressure in the balance pressure chamber 102 fluctuates slightly, the main exhaust hole 1281 is blocked at this time, and the pressure fluctuation can be filtered out through the damping hole 1282, so that the pressure accepted by the variable load adjustment valve 20 remains stable.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3 , the variable-weight adjusting valve 20 includes a variable-weight adjusting valve body, a pressure transmission piston assembly, a shift fork assembly, a balance lever assembly, a control pressure valve, and a pressure distribution valve. In this embodiment, the valve body of the adjustable valve with weight can be set as an upper valve body 201 and a lower valve body 202, and the pressure transmission piston assembly, shift fork assembly and balance lever assembly are arranged in the lower valve body 202; the control pressure valve and pressure distribution The valve is provided in the upper valve body 201 . The shift fork assembly includes a shift fork 203 , the shift fork 203 is rotatably mounted on the lower valve body 202 through a shift fork shaft 204 , and can swing around the shift fork shaft 204 in a vertical plane. The pressure transmission piston assembly is arranged below the shift fork shaft 204 and can promote the reciprocating swing of the lower end of the shift fork 203 ; specifically, the pressure transmission piston assembly includes a piston cylinder 205 , a piston rod 206 and a return spring 207 . The piston cylinder 205 is fixed on one side of the lower valve body 202 . Corresponding to the situation where only one weighing valve 10 is provided, only one piston can be provided on the piston rod 206, and only one piston cavity can be provided in the piston cylinder 205. The working process is basically the same as that of this embodiment, and will not be repeated here. In this implementation, two weighing valves 10 are used, so the first piston chamber 2051 and the second piston chamber 2052 arranged horizontally are arranged in the piston cylinder 205, as shown in Fig. 3, the first piston chamber 2051 on the left side And the second piston cavity 2052 on the right side. The piston rod 206 is arranged horizontally and passes through the lower valve body 202 . A first pressure transmission piston 2061 and a second pressure transmission piston 2062 are horizontally arranged on the piston rod 206, and the first pressure transmission piston 2061 and the second pressure transmission piston 2062 are respectively located in the corresponding first piston cavity. 2051 and the second piston chamber 2052. The first piston chamber 2051 is connected to the exhaust valve of the first weighing valve 10 through a pipeline, and the second piston chamber 2052 is connected to the exhaust valve of the second weighing valve 10 through a pipeline. Gas valve connection. Those skilled in the art can adopt various double-piston rod structural forms, as long as the purpose of the present invention can be achieved. In this embodiment, the left side of the second pressure transmission piston 2062 is connected to the piston rod 206, and the right side of the second pressure transmission piston 2062 bears the pressure transmitted from the exhaust valve of the second weighing valve 10; the first pressure transmission piston 2061 Both sides of the first weighing valve 10 are connected to the piston rod 206, and the right side of the first pressure transmission piston 2061 bears the pressure transmitted from the exhaust valve of the first weighing valve 10. In order to generate equal thrust on the two pressure transmission pistons, considering that the pressure bearing areas of the two pressure transmission pistons should be equal, the diameter of the first pressure transmission piston 2061 is larger than that of the second pressure transmission piston 2062 . The piston rod 206 is thrust in the same direction, that is, the thrust received by the piston rod 206 is a pressure signal formed after combining the pressure signal transmitted by the first weighing valve 10 and the pressure signal transmitted by the second weighing valve 10, which can A more balanced response to the load of the carriage, avoiding inaccurate weighing caused by partial load. The return spring 207 is sleeved on the outside of the piston rod 206 and applies a restoring force to the piston rod 206 in the direction opposite to the received thrust; the piston rod 206 can horizontally reciprocate under the thrust and restoring force, so The lower end of the shift fork 203 is hinged to the piston rod 206 . The opposite side (the left side in the figure) of the lower valve body 202 relative to the piston cylinder 205 is provided with an adjustment nut 208, and the adjustment nut 208 is threadedly connected to the lower valve body 202 and extends into the lower valve body 202 for adjustment. A lock nut 209 is also threaded on the outside of the nut 208 . One end of the adjustment nut 208 protruding into the lower valve body 202 forms a platform, one end of the return spring 207 abuts against the platform, and the other end of the return spring 207 abuts against the piston rod 206 . The restoring force of the returning spring 207 can be adjusted by adjusting the nut 208 . The piston rod 206 moves horizontally to the left under the pressure transmitted by the weighing valve 10, driving the lower end of the shift fork 203 to swing to the left, so that the upper end of the shift fork 203 swings to the right; when the pressure on the piston rod 206 decreases, The piston rod 206 moves horizontally to the right under the action of the return spring 207, driving the lower end of the shift fork 203 to swing to the right, so that the upper end of the shift fork 203 swings to the left. The upper end of the shift fork 203 is provided with a long groove 2031 which is consistent with the extension direction of the shift fork 203, and a fulcrum shaft 210 is slid in the long groove 2031, and a horizontally arranged sliding rod 211 is fixed in the lower valve body 202. , the fulcrum shaft 210 is supported on a horizontal slide bar 211 . The fulcrum shaft 210 has a stepped cylindrical shape, and the end with a smaller diameter is slidably embedded in the long groove 2031, and the end with a larger diameter is slidably supported on the slide rod 211, and the reciprocating swing of the upper end of the shift fork 203 promotes the fulcrum shaft 210 The upper surface of the sliding rod 211 reciprocates horizontally. In the release state (non-braking state), the position of the fulcrum shaft 210 on the slide rod 211 changes with the change of the pressure signal transmitted by the weighing valve 10, and a displacement proportional to the pressure signal is generated.

Described balance lever assembly comprises lever 212, and described lever 212 is arranged on the top of described fulcrum shaft 210 and has certain gap with described fulcrum shaft 210, and this gap is about 1mm-2mm, and its function is to brake The initial stage produces the first jump pressure. The middle part of the lever 212 is hinged on the hanging rod 213, and the hanging rod 213 is supported in the valve body of the adjusting valve with weight so that it can move up and down. Specifically, the upper valve body 201 is provided with a vertical slideway, and the hanging rod 213 is set in the slideway so that it can move up and down. The hanging rod 213 is covered with a hanging rod spring 214, and the hanging rod 213 The upper end of the rod spring 214 abuts against the hanging rod 213 or a retaining ring fixed with the hanging rod 213 , and the lower end of the hanging rod spring 214 is supported on the upper valve body 201 . The lower end of the hanging rod 213 extends into the lower valve body 202 and is hinged with the middle part of the lever 212 . The upper end of the vertical slideway is also provided with a dustproof cover 215, and the dustproof cover 215 is installed on the upper valve body 201. In order to ensure the stability of the lever 212, one end of the lever 212 is hinged to the connecting rod 216, and the other end of the connecting rod 216 is hinged to the upper valve body 201 or the lower valve body 202. In the initial stage of braking, before the lever 212 is in contact with the fulcrum shaft 210, the lever 212 swings with the hinge point with the hanging rod 213 as the supporting point. When the brake pressure is continuously increasing, the lever 212 moves downward and is pressed against the fulcrum shaft 210 to perform balance adjustment with the fulcrum shaft 210 as a supporting point. Because the hanging rod 213 is supported in the upper valve body 201 by the hanging rod spring 214, the hanging rod 213 can stretch up and down and the movement of the lever 212 is very small, which will not affect the action of the lever.

Both the control pressure valve and the pressure distribution valve are arranged in the upper valve body 201 , above the lever 212 and on both sides of the fulcrum shaft 210 . The piston rod 206 translates to the first side of the valve body (ie, the left side in FIG. The return spring 207 makes the piston rod 206 translate to the second side of the valve body of the variable load adjustment valve (ie, the right side in FIG. 3 ). The control pressure valve is located on the first side of the valve body of the variable load adjusting valve (ie, the left side of Figure 3), and the pressure distribution valve is located on the second side of the valve body of the variable load adjusting valve (ie, the left side of Figure 3 Right). This can ensure that when the pressure transmitted from the weighing valve 10 to the piston rod 206 is greater, the brake pressure distributed to the brake cylinder 4 is also greater, and vice versa. The specific implementation is not limited to the manner described in this embodiment, as long as the purpose of adjusting the braking force of the present invention is achieved. The control pressure valve is provided with a control pressure push head 217 that abuts against the first end of the lever 212, and the control pressure valve is connected with the volume chamber 6 through a pipeline for receiving the control pressure and controlling the pressure. Under action, the control pressure pusher 217 applies downward pressure to the first end of the lever 212; the pressure distribution valve is provided with a braking pressure pusher 218 that abuts against the second end of the lever 212 , the pressure distribution valve is respectively connected to the auxiliary air cylinder 3 and the brake cylinder 4 through pipelines. The lever 212 can swing with the fulcrum shaft 210 as a fulcrum. When the pressure of the control pressure push head 217 at the first end of the lever 212 is greater than the pressure of the brake pressure push head 218 at the second end of the lever 212, the second end of the lever 212 will Upturned, pushing the brake pressure push head 218 to move upward, the brake pressure push head 218 can promote the opening of the pressure distribution valve after the brake pressure push head 218 moves upward, so that the auxiliary air cylinder 3 can supply the braking force to the brake cylinder 4. pressure; at the same time, the brake pressure can also give the brake pressure pusher 218 a downward pressure, when the pressure of the brake pressure pusher 218 acting on the second end of the lever 212 is greater than the pressure on the first end of the lever 212, the brake The dynamic pressure push head 218 pushes the second end of the lever 212 to move downward, and the brake pressure push head 218 can impel the pressure distribution valve to close after the brake pressure push head 218 moves down, and the auxiliary air cylinder 3 no longer supplies the brake cylinder 4 with pressure air. The pressure of the control pressure valve and the pressure distribution valve act on the two ends of the lever 212 respectively. This process is a dynamic adjustment process. The lever 212 takes the fulcrum shaft 210 as the fulcrum to finally reach the moment balance between the two ends, so that the brake pressure and the control pressure A lever proportional relationship is formed, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the pressure of the brake cylinder 4 according to the load weight.

The control pressure valve and the pressure distribution valve can adopt various existing valve structures, as long as the purpose of the present invention can be achieved. Referring to FIG. 3 , in this embodiment, the control pressure valve is arranged on the left side of the upper valve body 201 , and the control pressure valve includes a control pressure valve chamber 219 and a control pressure valve piston 220 . The control pressure valve piston 220 is set in the control pressure valve cavity 219 so that it can move up and down; the control pressure valve cavity 219 is connected to the volume chamber 6 through a pipeline, and the lower end of the control pressure valve piston 220 is set The control pressure push head 217 ; the control pressure valve piston 220 can push the control pressure push head 217 to move downward under the action of the pressure air in the control pressure valve cavity 219 . The pressure distribution valve is arranged on the right side of the upper valve body 201 , and the pressure distribution valve includes an upper air cylinder pressure chamber 221 and a lower brake pressure chamber 222 . The air cylinder pressure chamber 221 communicates with the brake pressure chamber 222 through a connection through hole 225; the air cylinder pressure chamber 221 communicates with the auxiliary air cylinder 3 through a pipeline, and the brake pressure chamber 222 It communicates with the brake cylinder 4 through a pipeline. The air cylinder pressure chamber 221 is provided with a pressure spool 223 that can move up and down and a pressure spool compression spring 224, and the lower end of the pressure spool 223 can lean against the connecting through hole 225 to connect the connecting through hole 225. The hole 225 is blocked; the pressure spool compression spring 224 presses the pressure spool 223 downward. The brake pressure chamber 222 is provided with a pressure-bearing piston 226 and a push rod 227, the upper end of the pressure-bearing piston 226 is provided with the push rod 227, and the push rod 227 can pass through the connecting channel. The hole 225 is against the lower end of the pressure valve core 223 . The lower end of the pressure-bearing piston 226 is fixed with the brake pressure pusher 218; the brake pressure pusher 218 can move upward under the push of the second end of the lever 212, driving the pressure-bearing piston 226 and The push rod 227 moves upwards, and the push rod 227 can push up the pressure valve core 223 to open the connection through hole 225, and the pressure air in the air cylinder pressure chamber 221 passes through the connection through hole. The hole 225 enters the brake pressure chamber 222; the pressure in the brake pressure chamber 222 acts on the pressure-bearing piston 226 at the same time, so that the pressure-bearing piston 226 drives the push rod 227 to move downward After the pressure-bearing piston 226 moves down, the connection through hole 225 is blocked by the pressure spool 223 again. During specific implementation, the air cylinder pressure chamber 221 , the brake pressure chamber 222 and the connecting through hole 225 are all formed by three cavities connected up and down inside the upper valve body 201 . The upper part of the air cylinder pressure chamber 221 is provided with an upper end cover 228, and the upper end cover 228 is sealed and installed on the upper valve body 201. The center of the upper end cover 228 is provided with a pressure spool installation slideway that penetrates up and down, and the pressure spool 223 can slide up and down. It is arranged in the slideway where the pressure valve core is installed, and is sealed with a sealing ring between the slideway where the pressure valve core is installed. The pressure spool compression spring 224 is coaxially sleeved outside the pressure spool 223, the upper end of the pressure spool compression spring 224 leans against the upper end cover 228, and the lower end of the pressure spool compression spring 224 leans against the pressure spool 223 to release the pressure. The spool 223 is pressed downwards. The inner diameter of the connecting through hole 225 is smaller than the inner diameter of the air cylinder pressure chamber 221, forming a shoulder at the bottom of the air cylinder pressure chamber 221, the lower end of the pressure spool 223 is disc-shaped with a larger diameter, and the lower end of the pressure spool 223 is in the shape of a disc with a larger diameter. Lean on the shoulder and block the connecting through hole 225. The upper valve body 201 also forms a push rod guideway in the brake pressure chamber 222, and the push rod 227 is slidably arranged in the pushrod guideway. The pressure-bearing piston 226 is disc-shaped and is arranged in a circular concave portion, which is equivalent to the piston cylinder, and the pressure-bearing piston 226 can move up and down in the circular concave portion. The pressure-bearing piston 226 is located at the bottom of the brake pressure chamber 222, and the pressure in the brake pressure chamber 222 acts on the upper surface of the pressure-bearing piston 226, exerting a downward force on the pressure-bearing piston 226, and the pressure-bearing piston 226 passes the brake pressure. The pressure pusher 218 applies a downward force to the second end of the lever 212 . The center of the pressure spool 223 is provided with an exhaust through hole 2231 penetrating up and down; the push rod 227 moves up and abuts against the lower end of the pressure spool 223 to block the exhaust through hole 2231 , after the push rod 227 moves down, the exhaust through hole 2231 can communicate the brake pressure chamber 222 with the outside of the valve body of the variable load adjustment valve.

The working process and principle of the weight-adjusting valve 20 are as follows: in the non-braking state, there is no pressure in the volume chamber 6, and there is no pressure in the control pressure valve chamber 219, and the lever 212 is in the initial state suspended by the hanging rod 213, and the brake The dynamic pressure chamber 222 communicates with the outside through the exhaust through hole 2231 , and there is no brake pressure in the brake pressure chamber 222 . At this time, the fulcrum shaft 210 is not pressed by the lever 212, and the pressure signals of the two weighing valves 10 are respectively transmitted to the first pressure transmission piston 2061 and the second pressure transmission piston 2062 through the pipeline, and the resultant force of the pressure on the two pressure transmission pistons Form a balance with the force of the return spring 207, so that the piston rod 206 is positioned at a certain position; if the pressure transmitted by the weighing valve 10 is relatively large, the piston rod 206 will move more to the left, otherwise the piston rod 206 will move to the left. less. The movement of the piston rod 206 pushes the lower end of the shift fork 203 to swing to the left, and the upper end of the shift fork 203 to swing to the right, so that the fulcrum shaft 210 moves to the right. When the pressure transmitted by the weighing valve 10 is relatively large (the load is relatively large), the distance that the fulcrum shaft 210 moves to the right is greater, and the closer the fulcrum shaft 210 is to the second end of the lever 212, the brake pressure that is balanced with the control pressure is greater. When the pressure transmitted by the weighing valve 10 is small (the load is small), the distance that the fulcrum shaft 210 moves to the right is smaller, and the closer the fulcrum shaft 210 is to the first end of the lever 212, forming a balanced brake with the control pressure Less stress. The structure of the weight adjusting valve 20 can continuously adjust the value of the air pressure charged into the brake cylinder 4 in a wide range with the change of the load of the truck. When the train gives the brake signal, the pressure air is injected into the volume chamber 6 through the control valve 1, and the control pressure is formed in the control pressure valve chamber 219. The first end of the lever 212 is pressurized, and the first end of the lever 212 moves downward. At this time, the lever 212 swings with the hinge point between the lever 213 and the hanging rod 213 as the fulcrum, and the second end of the lever 212 pushes the brake pressure push head 218 to move upward. , the push rod 227 moves up and the pressure valve core 223 is pushed away, the connecting through hole 225 is opened, and the auxiliary air cylinder 3 is inflated to the brake cylinder 4 . Under the braking pressure of the brake pressure chamber 222, downward pressure is applied to the pressure-bearing piston 226, so that the second end of the lever 212 is also subjected to downward pressure. At this time, the lever 212 moves downward as a whole and is pressed against the fulcrum. shaft 210. At this moment, the brake cylinder 4 first obtains an initial jump pressure of 50Kpa-70Kpa in the initial stage of braking. This jump pressure can make the train guarantee to leave the gate when the minimum depressurization amount. When the control pressure in the control pressure valve chamber 219 continues to rise, the lever 212 swings with the fulcrum shaft 210 as the fulcrum, and the second end of the lever 212 moves upward to make the auxiliary air cylinder 3 continue to inflate the brake cylinder 4 . When the control valve 1 is in the pressure maintaining position, the control pressure in the volume chamber 6 and the control pressure valve chamber 219 no longer rises, and the pressure-bearing piston 226 moves downward under the action of the pressure in the brake pressure chamber 222, pushing the lever 212 The two ends move downwards. At this time, the push rod 227 is still leaning against the lower end of the pressure valve core 223, and the exhaust through hole 2231 is blocked. The control pressures form a proportional relationship with the load of the compartment. When the brake is finished, the pressure air in the volume chamber 6 and the control pressure valve chamber 219 is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust port of the control valve 1, the pressure in the control pressure valve chamber 219 disappears, and there is still pressure in the brake pressure chamber 222. The lever 212 loses balance, and the pressure-bearing piston 226 continues to move downward under the pressure, so that the contact between the push rod 227 and the lower end of the pressure valve core 223 is lost, and the pressure air in the brake pressure chamber 222 is discharged through the exhaust through hole 2231 to atmosphere, the brake pressure disappears. During the braking process, because the lever 212 presses the fulcrum shaft 210 on the slide rod 211, even if the pressure signal transmitted by the weighing valve 10 fluctuates due to the vibration of the carriage, the fulcrum shaft 210 will not move any more, which can ensure braking. Constant braking pressure during the process.

From the above, the automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy vehicles can adjust the pressure of the brake cylinder 4 according to the weight of the cargo during the fast braking process of the truck by setting the weighing valve 10 and the adjusting valve 20 with the weight. Each carriage is provided with two weighing valves 10, which are respectively arranged on the front bogie 7 and the rear bogie 8 and are located on the opposite sides of the carriage, which can compensate or eliminate the inaccurate weighing caused by the unbalanced load of the vehicle. The pressure transmission piston assembly of the readjustment valve 20 adopts a double piston rod structure, which synthesizes the pressures transmitted by the two weighing valves 10, and does not need to add an average valve separately, which simplifies the structure. The exhaust valve in the weighing valve 10 uses a combination of damping hole 1282 and main exhaust hole 1281 in the form of a one-way valve to transmit pressure, which can weaken the adverse effect of pressure signal fluctuations caused by vehicle body vibration on the braking force. The weight-adjusting valve 20 adopts the lever balance principle formed by the lever 212 and the fulcrum shaft 210, and adjusts the position of the fulcrum shaft 210 according to the movement of the double piston rod 206 through the shift fork 203, which can be adjusted in a wide range with the change of the load of the truck. The size of the air pressure value charged into the brake cylinder 4 is continuously adjusted.

The above descriptions are only illustrative specific implementations of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (17)

1. An automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy trucks used in the air braking system of express trucks. Each compartment of the express truck includes a bogie, a load spring and a two-pressure indirect-acting air control system. The two-pressure indirect-acting type The air control system includes a control valve, a working air cylinder, an auxiliary air cylinder and a brake cylinder; it is characterized in that the automatic adjustment device for an empty-load vehicle includes a weighing valve and a weight-adjusting valve; the auxiliary air cylinder is respectively Connect the adjusting valve with the weight and the weighing valve, and supply pressure to the adjusting valve with the weight and the weighing valve; the adjusting valve with the weight is connected to the brake cylinder through a pipeline; The adjustment valve is also connected to the volume chamber and the control valve in turn through the pipeline, and the control valve applies control pressure to the adjustment valve with the weight through the volume chamber; the weighing valve is connected to the follow-up valve through the pipeline. readjustment valve; The weighing valve is arranged between the bogie and the load spring, and is used to directly bear the load acting on the bogie and generate a pressure signal proportional to the load; the pressure signal is transmitted through a pipeline For the variable weight adjustment valve, the variable weight adjustment valve adjusts the magnitude of the braking pressure supplied to the brake cylinder by the auxiliary air cylinder according to the magnitude of the pressure signal. 2. The empty-load vehicle automatic adjustment device for the air braking system of express trucks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bogie comprises a front bogie and a rear bogie, and each carriage is provided with two As for the weighing valves, the first weighing valve is arranged on the front bogie and is located on the first side of the carriage, and the second weighing valve is arranged on the rear bogie and is located on the first side of the carriage. side opposite to the second side. 3. The empty-load vehicle automatic adjustment device for the air brake system of express trucks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weighing valve comprises a weighing valve body, an intake valve, an exhaust valve and a balance pressure chamber; the lower part of the weighing valve body is provided with a weighing piston chamber, and the weighing piston chamber is provided with an intermediate body, a disc spring and a weighing piston in sequence from top to bottom; the intermediate body and the The weighing valve body is fixed; the upper elastic ring is interposed between the upper surface of the disc spring and the intermediate body, and the lower elastic ring is interposed between the lower surface of the disc spring and the weighing piston. Elastic ring; the diameter of the lower elastic ring is smaller than the diameter of the upper elastic ring; the upper part of the weighing valve body is connected to the bearing spring, and the weighing piston is connected to the bogie; the circle There is a conduction mechanism between the plate spring and the intake valve; the intake valve is connected to the auxiliary air cylinder through a pipeline; the balance pressure chamber is located above the intermediate body and is connected to the intermediate body through the The weighing piston chambers are separated; the balance pressure chamber connects the intake valve and the exhaust valve, and the exhaust valve is connected to the weight-adjusting valve through a pipeline; The weighing piston can cause the disc spring to arch upwards and deform under load, and the deformation of the disc spring can push the transmission mechanism to move upwards to open the intake valve, and the auxiliary air cylinder to The pressure air is injected into the balance pressure chamber; the conduction mechanism can move downward under the action of the pressure air to close the intake valve; the pressure air in the balance pressure chamber enters the accompanying weight through the exhaust valve adjusting the valve; the pressure in the balance pressure chamber forms the pressure signal. 4. The automatic adjustment device for empty-loaded vehicles used in the air braking system of express trucks as claimed in claim 3, wherein the transmission mechanism includes a push rod, a disc and a push rod; the push rod vertically passes through the Through the intermediate body, the lower end of the push rod leans against the disc spring, and the disc is horizontally fixed on the push rod; the disc can move up and down with the push rod; the The lower end of the ejector rod abuts against the push rod, and the upper end of the ejector rod abuts against the inlet valve and can open the inlet valve; the disc is located at the bottom of the balance pressure chamber , the pressure air in the balance pressure chamber can push the disc to move downward. 5. The automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy vehicles used in the air brake system of express trucks as claimed in claim 4, wherein the upper surface of the intermediate body is provided with a depression, and the disc is located in the depression , a pressure-bearing diaphragm is provided close to the upper surface of the disc, above the pressure-bearing diaphragm is the balance pressure chamber, and the pressure-bearing diaphragm separates the concave part from the balance pressure chamber separated. 6. The automatic adjustment device for empty-loaded trucks used in the air braking system of express trucks as claimed in claim 5, wherein the intake valve includes a valve sleeve and a valve core, and the valve sleeve is arranged on the weighing scale. In the heavy valve body; the valve sleeve is provided with a pressure air chamber and a connecting channel, and the valve core can move up and down in the pressure air chamber; the pressure air chamber communicates with the auxiliary air cylinder through a pipeline, The connecting passage can connect the pressure air chamber and the balance pressure chamber; the lower end of the valve core abuts against the upper port of the connecting passage to block the connecting passage; the push rod passes through the The connecting channel, and the upper end of the push rod is against the lower end of the valve core; the push rod is pressed down by the push rod pressure spring; the valve core is pressed down by the valve core pressure spring. 7. The empty-load vehicle automatic adjustment device for the air brake system of express trucks as claimed in claim 3, wherein the exhaust valve comprises an exhaust valve seat and a valve ball, and the exhaust valve seat is A main exhaust hole and a damping hole are provided, and both the main exhaust hole and the damping hole can communicate the balance pressure chamber with the weight-adjusting valve; the valve ball is set in the main exhaust The upper port of the hole, the valve ball is compressed by the valve ball compression spring at the upper port of the main exhaust hole. 8. The automatic adjustment device for empty-loaded trucks used in the air brake system of express trucks according to claim 7, wherein the weight-adjusting valve comprises a weight-adjusting valve body, a pressure transmission piston assembly, a shift fork Assembly, balance lever assembly, control pressure valve and pressure distribution valve; the fork assembly includes a fork, the fork is connected to the valve body of the adjustment valve with weight through the fork shaft and can be adjusted in the vertical plane Swing; the pressure transmission piston assembly is arranged under the fork shaft and can promote the lower end of the fork to swing back and forth; the upper end of the fork is provided with a long groove consistent with the extension direction of the fork, so A fulcrum shaft is slid in the long groove, and the fulcrum shaft is supported on a sliding rod horizontally fixed on the valve body of the variable weight adjustment valve. The rod reciprocates horizontally; The pressure transmission piston assembly is connected to the exhaust valve through a pipeline, the pressure air in the balance pressure chamber enters the pressure transmission piston assembly through the exhaust valve, and the pressure transmission piston assembly passes through the dial a fork assembly causes displacement of the fulcrum shaft proportional to the pressure signal; The balance lever assembly includes a lever, the lever is arranged above the fulcrum shaft and has a certain gap with the fulcrum shaft; the middle part of the lever is hinged on the hanging rod, and the hanging rod can move up and down. Supported in the valve body of the adjustable load valve; The control pressure valve and the pressure distribution valve are located above the lever and are respectively arranged on both sides of the fulcrum shaft; the control pressure valve is provided with a control pressure push valve against the first end of the lever. The control pressure valve is connected to the volume chamber through a pipeline, and is used to receive the control pressure and make the control pressure push head apply downward pressure to the first end of the lever under the action of the control pressure; The pressure distribution valve is provided with a brake pressure push head against the second end of the lever, and the pressure distribution valve is respectively connected to the auxiliary air cylinder and the brake cylinder through pipelines; the lever can be The fulcrum shaft is used as a fulcrum to swing, and the brake pressure push head moves upward to open the pressure distribution valve, so that the auxiliary air cylinder supplies brake pressure to the brake cylinder; the brake pressure push head Under the action of brake pressure, the second end of the lever can be pushed down to close the pressure distribution valve. 9. The empty-load car automatic adjustment device for the air brake system of express trucks as claimed in claim 8, wherein the bogie includes a front bogie and a rear bogie, and each carriage is provided with two As for the weighing valves, the first weighing valve is arranged on the front bogie and is located on the first side of the carriage, and the second weighing valve is arranged on the rear bogie and is located on the first side of the carriage. side opposite to the second side. 10. The automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy vehicles used in the air braking system of express trucks as claimed in claim 9, wherein the pressure transmission piston assembly includes a piston cylinder, a piston rod and a return spring; the piston cylinder is fixed On one side of the lower part of the valve body of the adjusting valve with weight; the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber arranged horizontally are arranged in the piston cylinder; the piston rod is arranged horizontally and passes through the adjusting valve with weight The lower part of the valve body; the first pressure transmission piston and the second pressure transmission piston are arranged horizontally on the piston rod, and the first pressure transmission piston and the second pressure transmission piston are respectively arranged in the first piston chamber and the second pressure transmission piston. In the second piston cavity; the first piston cavity is connected with the exhaust valve of the first weighing valve through a pipeline, and the second piston cavity is connected with the second weighing valve through a pipeline The exhaust valve is connected; the pressure in the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber act on the first pressure transmission piston and the second pressure transmission piston respectively, so that the piston rod is subjected to thrust in the same direction; the return spring is sleeved on the outside of the piston rod and applies a restoring force in the opposite direction to the thrust to the piston rod; the piston rod can horizontally reciprocate under the action of the thrust and restoring force, The lower end of the shift fork is hinged to the piston rod. 11. The automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy vehicles used in the air brake system of express trucks according to claim 10, wherein the control pressure valve is arranged in the valve body of the adjustment valve with weight, and the control pressure valve It includes a control pressure valve chamber and a control pressure valve piston; the control pressure valve piston is set in the control pressure valve chamber so that it can move up and down; the control pressure valve chamber is connected with the volume chamber through a pipeline, and the control pressure valve The lower end of the pressure valve piston is provided with the control pressure push head; the control pressure valve piston can push the control pressure push head to move downward under the action of the pressure air in the control pressure valve chamber. 12. The automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy vehicles used in the air brake system of express trucks according to claim 11, wherein the pressure distribution valve is arranged in the valve body of the adjustment valve with weight, and the pressure distribution valve It includes an upper air cylinder pressure chamber and a lower brake pressure chamber; the air cylinder pressure chamber communicates with the brake pressure chamber through a connecting through hole; the air cylinder pressure chamber is connected to the secondary air chamber through a pipeline The brake pressure chamber communicates with the brake cylinder through a pipeline; the air cylinder pressure chamber is provided with a pressure valve core that can move up and down and a pressure spring for the pressure valve core, and the lower end of the pressure valve core The connecting through hole can be blocked against the connecting through hole; the pressure spool compression spring presses the pressure spool downward; The brake pressure chamber is provided with a pressure-bearing piston and a push rod, and the upper end of the pressure-bearing piston is provided with the push rod, and the push rod can pass through the connecting hole and lean against the The lower end of the pressure spool; the lower end of the pressure-bearing piston is provided with the brake pressure pusher; the brake pressure pusher can move upwards under the push of the second end of the lever, driving the pressure-bearing piston And the push rod moves up, the push rod can push the pressure spool upward to open the connection through hole, and the pressure air in the pressure chamber of the air cylinder enters the through hole through the connection In the brake pressure chamber; the pressure in the brake pressure chamber acts on the pressure-bearing piston at the same time, so that the pressure-bearing piston drives the push rod to move downward, and the connecting through hole is pressed by the pressure. The spool is blocked. 13. The automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy trucks used in the air brake system of express trucks as claimed in claim 12, wherein the center of the pressure valve core is provided with an exhaust through hole that penetrates up and down; After the rod moves up and abuts against the lower end of the pressure valve core, the exhaust through hole can be blocked; after the push rod moves down, the exhaust through hole can connect the brake pressure chamber with the brake pressure chamber. The external communication of the adjusting valve body with the weight is described above. 14. The automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy trucks used in the air brake system of express trucks as claimed in claim 8, wherein a vertical slideway is arranged in the body of the adjusting valve with weight, and the hanging rod can It is arranged in the slideway to move up and down, and the hanging rod is covered with a hanging rod spring, and the hanging rod is supported on the valve body of the variable weight adjusting valve through the hanging rod spring. 15. The automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy trucks used in the air brake system of express trucks according to claim 8, wherein the gap between the lever and the fulcrum shaft is 1mm-2mm. 16. The automatic adjustment device for empty and heavy vehicles used in the air brake system of express trucks according to claim 10, characterized in that, the other side of the lower part of the valve body of the variable weight adjustment valve opposite to the piston cylinder is provided with An adjusting nut, the adjusting nut is threadedly connected to the valve body of the adjusting weight adjusting valve, and the end of the adjusting nut protruding into the valve body of the adjusting adjusting valve with the weight abuts against one end of the return spring, and the reset spring The other end of the spring bears against the piston rod. 17. The automatic adjustment device for empty-loaded trucks used in the air brake system of express trucks according to claim 10, wherein the pressure of the piston rod in the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber is Under the action, it translates to the first side of the valve body of the adjusting valve with the weight, and the return spring causes the piston rod to translate to the second side of the valve body of the adjusting valve with the weight; the control pressure valve is located at the The first side of the valve body of the readjustment valve, the pressure distribution valve is located on the second side of the valve body of the adjustment valve with weight.