CN106566560B - 新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂，包括以下百分比组分：酸性硼泥45‑55％、黄腐酸钾30‑40wt％、螯合锌1‑10wt％、螯合锰1‑8wt％；本发明的目的在于提供一种盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂，该调理剂针对新疆盐碱土改良，降低盐分含量，改变土壤胶体吸附性离子组成，改善土壤结构，使土壤通透性增加，既有利于土壤脱盐与抑制返盐，又能补充作物在盐碱环境下的养分需求，从而达到改良盐碱的目的，本发明还公开了上述新疆盐碱土壤调理剂的制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及土壤调理剂范畴，尤其涉及一种新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于新疆特殊的气候环境和人为耕作模式，导致大量盐分留存在土壤中，在蒸发量远大于降水量的情况下，盐随水走，进而移动到了土表，导致土表盐分大量积累，形成了所谓的盐碱地，影响了土壤的利用。
盐碱土壤通常pH显碱性，含盐量高、砂粒含量高，表层和底层容重大，含水量高，有机质含量低，导致结构紧实，孔隙度低，阻碍水分和盐分的运移；盐碱土饱和导水率很低，尤其表层和底层更低，影响盐分淋洗的效果；盐碱土表层和底层的吸水能力强、持水能力强，排水能力很弱，阻碍盐分的淋洗。由于盐碱地以上特性，对作物根系生长、细胞膜结构、气孔开闭、养分吸收以及遗传物质等都造成一定危害，降低作物抗逆性，影响作物正常生长。
发明内容
针对上述不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂，该调理剂针对新疆盐碱土改良，降低盐分含量，改变土壤胶体吸附性离子组成，改善土壤结构，使土壤通透性增加，既有利于土壤脱盐与抑制返盐，又能补充作物在盐碱环境下的养分需求，从而达到改良盐碱的目的，本发明还公开了上述新疆盐碱土壤调理剂的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的前一技术方案是这样的：一种新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂，包括以下百分比组分：酸性硼泥45-55wt％、黄腐酸钾30-40wt％、螯合锌1-10wt％、螯合锰1-8wt％。
在上述的新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂中，包括以下百分比组分：酸性硼泥50wt％，黄腐酸钾35wt％，螯合锌10wt％，螯合锰5wt％。
在上述的新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂中，所述的酸性硼泥80％的颗粒可以通过200目筛，比重为3.03；所述的酸性硼泥包括以下重量百分比的主要化学组分Ca 0.01-1.0wt％,Mg5.0-10.0wt％,B 0.01-1.0wt％,Zn 0.0001-0.005wt％,Fe 0.5-2.0wt％。具体来说，酸性硼泥是利用硼镁(铁)矿生产硼酸后排出的工业废渣。硼泥色灰白、苍黄，颗粒细，约80％的颗粒可以通过200目筛，比重为3.03，硼泥的主要矿物组成为含铁的镁橄榄石、碳酸镁及一些非晶质颗粒。工业上多采用湿法排放硼泥，其含水率在30-35％，呈泥状物，潮湿时呈褐色，粒度较细，有较好的可塑性，干燥后结成泥块，极易破碎和磨细。因硼矿石中的硼已被提取，硼泥具有疏松多孔结构，有一定黏性和可塑性，硼泥的主要矿物组成有含铁橄榄石、菱镁矿、石英、变质蛇纹石和其他非晶质矿物，硼泥的主要化学组分质量分数：Ca 0.01-1.0wt％,Mg5.0-10.0wt％,B 0.01-1.0wt％,Zn 0.0001-0.005wt％,Fe 0.5-2.0wt％。
在上述的新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂中，所述的螯合锌中的锌含量为25wt％；所述螯合锰中锰含量为20wt％。
本发明还公开了上述的新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂的制备方法，具体为：酸性硼泥、黄腐酸钾、螯合锌和螯合锰混合均匀，粉碎到100目，造粒，风干，装袋，保存。
在上述的新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂的制备方法中，所述的酸性硼泥的制备方法为：将硼镁矿粉碎，加入95％的硫酸，反应完全后，过滤，滤渣即为酸性硼泥。
在上述的新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂的制备方法中，所述的螯合锌和螯合锰的制备方法为：将有机酸和硫酸锌、硫酸锰混合，加水润湿混匀，在烘箱中105℃螯合反应6小时，反应完成后，冷却至常温，粉碎，用磷酸一铵溶液检测螯合反应是否完全，若无沉淀产生，说明已螯合完全，若有沉淀产生，说明螯合不完全，用水再次润湿，重复上述步骤进行螯合反应。
在实际应用中，有机酸可以选择为多种，如EDTA、氨基酸、腐殖酸等，对此不做过多限制，上述的螯合锌和螯合锰在相关的专利、文献中已有诸多记载，对此不做过多限制。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的技术方案有以下优点：
本发明所使用的硼泥来自于生产硼酸的硼泥，即硼镁矿与硫酸反应的副产物，呈弱酸性，能调节土壤的pH值，另外硼泥疏松多孔，通气性好，且表面积较大，吸附螯合能力强，有较强的离子交换能力、盐分平衡能力，较高的生物活性、生理刺激作用、较强的抗旱、抗病、抗低温、抗盐渍和提高沙化土壤的持水性等作用。
本发明所使用的螯合锌和螯合锰是用有机酸螯合而成，可以再次调节土壤pH值，并为土壤提供锌锰营养，避免被固定的可能。
酸性硼泥中含有Mg、Si、Ca、S、Fe、Zn、Mn、Mo等中微量元素中的几种或多种，螯合剂能螯合这些中微量元素，避免被土壤固定，即酸性硼泥中加入螯合剂，可以提高其中养分的利用率。
相比于腐植酸只溶于稀碱溶液，不溶于酸和水，本发明所使用的黄腐酸钾，既溶于稀碱溶液，又溶于稀酸和水。另外黄腐酸钾中由于含有钾养分，很好地补充了盐碱地的钾营养。所以，黄腐酸钾在盐碱地的利用效率高于腐植酸。再者黄腐酸钾可以进一步螯合酸性硼泥中的中微量元素，提高养分利用率。
酸性硼泥、黄腐酸钾和螯合剂结合，能使酸性硼泥中的养分进一步被螯合，同时黄腐酸来源于腐殖质，含有对植物生长有益的有机酸，黄腐酸钾中又含有钾养分，三者结合，既能丰富本发明土壤调理剂的养分，同时能提高养分的利用效率。
具体实施例
下面结合具体实施方式，对本发明的权利要求做进一步的详细说明，但不构成对本发明的任何限制，任何在本发明权利要求范围内所做的有限次的修改，仍在本发明的权利要求保护范围内。
实施例1
试验材料：土壤调理剂，主要组分为酸性硼泥50wt％，黄腐酸钾35wt％，螯合锌10wt％，螯合锰5wt％。上述组分混合均匀，粉碎到100目，造粒，风干，装袋，保存即可。
实施例2
试验材料：土壤调理剂，主要组分为酸性硼泥45wt％，黄腐酸钾40wt％，螯合锌8wt％，螯合锰7wt％。
实施例3
试验材料：土壤调理剂，主要组分为酸性硼泥55wt％，黄腐酸钾40wt％，螯合锌2wt％，螯合锰3wt％。
实施例4
试验材料：土壤调理剂，主要组分为酸性硼泥50％，黄腐酸钾35％，螯合锌10％，螯合锰5％。
实验测试：
试验时间：2014年10月-2015年9月
试验地点：新疆石河子市农八师125团；
供试植物：棉花，品种为中棉49号。
试验土壤：灰漠土，试验前，土壤pH 8.79，有机质7.3g/kg，有效磷5.5mg/kg，速效钾86mg/kg，水溶性总盐5.7g/kg。
试验设计：该试验设3个处理，对比例1不施任何肥料的空白对照，对比例2为常规施肥+与盐碱土壤调理剂等量的微量元素肥料50kg/亩，实施例1为常规施肥+盐碱土壤调理剂50kg/亩。试验小区长7米，宽4米，小区面积28㎡，每亩理论株数12000株。随机排列，重复3次。病虫害及浇水等田间管理措施根据当地习惯进行。
该试验地施肥参照常规施肥用量，2014年秋季深施基肥：每亩施复合肥40kg+土壤调理剂50kg。追肥每亩共滴施尿素10千克、滴灌15-15-15的复合肥20千克，每次按量随水滴施。9月10日收获结束。在播种前和收获后分别按小区采集土壤样品，分析土壤含盐量。
试验结果：
表1不同试验处理棉花产量
表1
从表1可以看出，施用土壤调理剂的处理3比未施土壤调理剂的处理1和2的小区产量、籽棉产量和皮面产量都要高，其中处理3和处理2的籽棉增产率分别比未施肥的对照增加了72.7％和63.2％.
表2不同试验处理盐碱土壤的脱盐效果
表2
| 时间 | pH值 | 0-20厘米水溶性总盐(g/kg) |
| 试验前 | 8.79 | 6.1 |
| 试验后 | 8.03 | 4.3 |
从表2可以看出，施用供试盐碱调理剂后，土壤pH值下降0.74，水溶性总盐下降1.8g/kg，脱盐率为29.5％。说明施用盐碱地土壤调理剂，对盐碱地具有改良作用。
试验结论：土壤理化性状是土壤健康程度的直接评价指标，直接影响棉花的生长发育和产量高低。本试验的结果表明：盐碱地施用土壤调理剂后，土壤水溶性总盐含量明显减少，说明施用土壤调理剂通过对土壤理化性质的改善，以及提供必要的微量元素，提高棉花的农艺性状，进而使棉花明显增产。
以上所述的仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡在本发明的精神和原则范围内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂，其特征在于，包括以下百分比组分：酸性硼泥45-55wt％、黄腐酸钾30-40wt％、螯合锌1-10wt％、螯合锰1-8wt％；
其制备方法如下：
酸性硼泥、黄腐酸钾、螯合锌和螯合锰混合均匀，粉碎到100目，造粒，风干，装袋，保存；
其中，所述的螯合锌和螯合锰的制备方法为：将有机酸和硫酸锌、硫酸锰混合，加水润湿混匀，在烘箱中105℃螯合反应6小时，反应完成后，冷却至常温，粉碎，用磷酸一铵溶液检测螯合反应是否完全，若无沉淀产生，说明已螯合完全，若有沉淀产生，说明螯合不完全，用水再次润湿，重复上述步骤进行螯合反应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂，其特征在于，包括以下百分比组分：酸性硼泥50wt％，黄腐酸钾35wt％，螯合锌10wt％，螯合锰5wt％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂，其特征在于，所述的酸性硼泥80％的颗粒可以通过200目筛，比重为3.03；所述的酸性硼泥包括以下重量百分比的主要化学组分：Ca 0.8wt％，Mg7.3wt％，B 0.52wt％，Zn 0.0025wt％，Fe 1.78wt％。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂，其特征在于，所述的螯合锌中的锌含量为25wt％；所述螯合锰中锰含量为20wt％。
5.一种如权利要求1-2任一项所述的新疆盐碱土壤的土壤调理剂，其特征在于，所述的酸性硼泥的制备方法为：将硼镁矿粉碎，加入95％的硫酸，反应完全后，过滤，滤渣即为酸性硼泥。
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| CN102701828A (zh) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-03 | 潍坊市众和生物肥料有限公司 | 一种螯合微量元素有机肥及其生产方法 |
| CN103012010A (zh) * | 2012-12-01 | 2013-04-03 | 杨舒毓 | 一种盐碱地土壤改良剂及其制备方法 |
| CN103274814A (zh) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-09-04 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | 一种抗碱型肥料及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN104355911A (zh) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-18 | 赤峰杰健科技有限公司 | 一种用于盐碱地的复混肥料及其制备方法 |
| CN104892315A (zh) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-09 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | 一种盐碱土壤专用生态肥及其制备方法 |
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| CN102701828A (zh) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-03 | 潍坊市众和生物肥料有限公司 | 一种螯合微量元素有机肥及其生产方法 |
| CN103012010A (zh) * | 2012-12-01 | 2013-04-03 | 杨舒毓 | 一种盐碱地土壤改良剂及其制备方法 |
| CN103274814A (zh) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-09-04 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | 一种抗碱型肥料及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN104355911A (zh) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-18 | 赤峰杰健科技有限公司 | 一种用于盐碱地的复混肥料及其制备方法 |
| CN104892315A (zh) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-09 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | 一种盐碱土壤专用生态肥及其制备方法 |
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