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CN106536660A - 改进的粘合剂组合物及其用途 - Google Patents

改进的粘合剂组合物及其用途 Download PDF

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CN106536660A
CN106536660A CN201580038717.8A CN201580038717A CN106536660A CN 106536660 A CN106536660 A CN 106536660A CN 201580038717 A CN201580038717 A CN 201580038717A CN 106536660 A CN106536660 A CN 106536660A
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adhesive composition
acid
curable adhesive
aqueous
fibers
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C·汉普森
F·坎恩
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Knauf Insulation SPRL
Knauf Insulation Inc
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Knauf Insulation Inc
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Priority to CN202011547567.2A priority Critical patent/CN112662339A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型的水性粘合剂组合物,它包括含一旦固化,则形成热固性树脂所要求的起始材料和基体聚合物的水性可固化粘合剂组合物,其中一旦固化,则形成热固性树脂所要求的起始材料包括(i)多羟基组分和多羧酸组分,或其酸酐,酯或盐衍生物,和/或其反应产物,或(ii)碳水化合物组分和含氮组分和/或其反应产物。

Description

改进的粘合剂组合物及其用途
本发明涉及新型的改进粘合剂组合物,更具体地,在由非组装或松散组装的物质的集合体来制造产品中使用的可固化的粘合剂组合物。例如,这些粘合剂组合物可用于制造纤维产品,所述纤维产品可由织造或非织造纤维制造。在一个示意性的实施方案中,该粘合剂组合物用于粘结玻璃纤维,以制造玻璃纤维。在一个示意性实施方案中,该粘合剂组合物用于在毡制层,例如绝缘产品内粘结岩棉纤维,例如玻璃棉或岩棉。在进一步的实施方案中,该粘合剂用于制造纤维素组合物。关于纤维素组合物,可使用该粘合剂粘结纤维素物质,以制造例如具有所需物理性能(例如,机械强度)的木纤维板或颗粒板。本发明进一步延伸到由通过本发明的粘合剂粘结的松散组装的物质制造的产品。
最近开发了若干种无甲醛的粘合剂组合物。一种这样的可固化的粘合剂组合物牵涉可持续的材料,且基于聚酯化学品,更特别地含多酸(polyacid)组分或酸酐或其盐衍生物和多羟基组分,能与含硅化合物一起的可固化的水性粘合剂组合物。另一种这样的组合物牵涉缩合无机酸或多羧酸的铵盐或胺,优选多胺与还原糖,例如热固性树脂。与现有技术的甲醛基技术相比,这些化学品显示出优点,但也显示出某些缺点,且仍然需要备选的粘合剂化学品。一些已知的粘合剂化学品一旦暴露于热下,则显示出相对高的粘合剂重量损失。一些在潮湿环境内还显示出非所需的降解,这可负面影响包含它的产品的粘结强度性能。改进所使用的粘合剂组合物的粘结强度,因此提供显示出改进的性能的改进的最终产品,和在更加有利的成本下具有降低的粘合剂含量的最终产品,进一步继续令人感兴趣。
本发明寻求提供产生或促进凝聚且能将物质的集合体结合成一体,使得该物质以抗分离的方式粘合的粘合剂。本发明的目的是提供与最接近的现有技术的粘合剂组合物,更特别地基于聚酯化学,或者缩合无机酸的铵盐或多羧酸的铵盐或胺与还原糖,例如热固性树脂的这种粘合剂组合物相比,显示出改进的粘结强度的粘合剂。
本发明另一目的是提供对于大批量的应用来说,成本合算的粘合剂组合物。
另一目的是提供基于可再生和/或可持续资源的粘合剂组合物。
进一步地,本发明寻求提供快速固化成强粘合剂的粘合剂组合物。
本发明再一目的是提供用本发明粘合剂粘结的物质组装件。
本发明现提供一种水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,它包括一旦固化,则形成热固性树脂所要求的起始材料,和基体聚合物。
基体聚合物可以是天然和/或合成来源。这些聚合物可在粘合剂配方中充当活性填充剂,且可形成分子链内部和分子链之间的相互作用。天然衍生的聚合物可有利地选自多糖,例如壳聚糖,纤维素及其衍生物,例如纤维素醚和酯衍生物。可通过羧甲基化,羧乙基化和羧丙基化,制备纤维素醚衍生物。优选的纤维素醚衍生物的实例是:纳米纤维素,羧甲基纤维素(CMC),羧甲基纤维素钠(NaCMC),羟丙基纤维素(HPC),羟乙基纤维素(HEC),羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC),甲基纤维素(MC),乙基纤维素(EC),三苯甲基纤维素,如此等等。优选的纤维素酯衍生物包括纤维素的乙酸酯,丁酸酯,苯甲酸酯,邻苯二甲酸酯和邻氨基苯甲酸酯,优选纤维素乙酸邻苯二甲酸酯(CAP),纤维素乙酸丁酸酯(CAB),纤维素乙酸偏苯三酸酯(CAT),羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯(HPMCP),琥珀酰基纤维素,纤维素糠酸酯,纤维素苯氨基甲酸酯及其混合物。在一些粘合剂组合物中,可使用阳离子纤维素衍生物。一些粘合剂组合物可包括其他多糖,例如藻酸盐,淀粉,甲壳素和壳聚糖,琼脂,透明质酸,和它们的衍生物或共聚物(例如,接枝-共聚物,嵌段共聚物,无规共聚物)或其混合物。
壳聚糖是一种由甲壳动物的壳,例如虾壳衍生的多糖。壳聚糖可具有不同的分子量和脱乙酰化度。优选分子量为500Da至2×106Da,更优选60×103至2×105Da。
合成衍生的聚合物可包括聚丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸酯,聚丙烯酰胺,聚甲基丙烯酰胺,聚氨酯,聚酯,聚乙烯基和/或它们的共聚物,脂族异氰酸酯低聚物,含有氮杂环丁(azetidinium)基团的聚合物(氮杂环丁聚合物),或其混合物。
在一个实施方案中,粘合剂配方可包括聚丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸酯或聚丙烯酰胺或其混合物,它们可以由聚合一种或多种,典型地两种或三种单体而形成,这些单体可以以不同量存在。优选地,单体之一是取代烷基的甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯单体。取代烷基官能团中的烷基可具有1至10,优选1至4个碳原子,和该取代基可以是具有1至4个碳原子的烷氧基,例如甲氧基,或二烷基氨基,例如二甲基氨基。尤其优选的丙烯酸酯单体是:2-甲氧基丙烯酸酯(MEA),丙烯酸3,5,5-三甲基己酯(TMHA),乙二醇丙烯酸酯(EGA),丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙酯(EOEA),乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(EGDA),2-乙基丙烯酸乙酯(EEA),(乙基-氰基)丙烯酸酯(ECA),2-丙基丙烯酸乙酯(EPA),2-(三甲基甲硅烷基甲基)丙烯酸乙酯(ETMSMA),丙烯酸丁酯(BA),丙烯酸丁基环己酯(BCHA),2-丙基丙烯酸苄酯(BPA),丙烯酸羧乙酯(CEA),丙烯酸2-(二乙基氨基)乙酯(DEAEA),丙烯酸2-(二乙基氨基)丙酯(DEAPA)。优选的甲基丙烯酸酯的实例是甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯(HEMA),2-甲氧基甲基丙烯酸酯(MEMA),甲基丙烯酸2-(二乙基氨基)乙酯(DEAEMA),甲基丙烯酸2-氨基乙酯(AEMA),甲基丙烯酸苄酯(BMA),甲基丙烯酸2-丁氧基乙酯(BEMA),甲基丙烯酸2-(叔丁基氨基)乙酯(TBAEMA),甲基丙烯酸环己酯(CHMA),乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(EGMA),甲基丙烯酸2-(二异丙基氨基)乙酯(DIPAEMA)。优选的丙烯酰胺/甲基丙烯酰胺单体是烷基丙烯酰胺(AAAm),丁基丙烯酰胺(BAAm),二乙基丙烯酰胺(DEAAm),Ν,Ν-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAAm),乙基丙烯酰胺(EAAm),羟乙基丙烯酰胺(HEAAm),羟甲基丙烯酰胺(HMAAm),N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm),Ν,Ν-二乙基甲基丙烯酰胺(DEMAAm),N-二苯基甲基丙烯酰胺(DPMAAm)。优选的聚合物包括两种或更多种单体且典型地是范围为5:95至95:5wt%,有利地10:90至90:10,优选20:80至80:20,更优选30:70至70:30的MEMA或MEA,和DEAEMA的混合物,或者反之亦然。任选地,可存在进一步的单体,例如,重量比为1-10%,优选约5wt%的丙烯酸(AA)或甲基丙烯酸(MAA)。合适的聚合物包括比值为55:40:5至75:20:5的MEMA,DEAEMA和AA。这种聚合物可包括含芳基的一种或多种单体,例如苯乙烯(St)和任选地二烷基丙烯酰胺基团(烷基代表1至4个碳原子),例如二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA);和二乙基丙烯酰胺(DEAA)。优选地,该聚合物包括选自苯乙烯和二烷基丙烯酰胺中的两种单体。优选的聚合物包括下述单体:St:DMAA和St:DEAA或者由其组成,且可以以范围为40:60至95:5的比值存在。可在本发明的粘合剂配方中使用的额外的聚合物可包括MEA(2-甲氧基丙烯酸酯)和二烷基丙烯酰胺(烷基代表1至4个碳原子),例如二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA);和二乙基丙烯酰胺(DEAA)。优选的聚合物包括MEA:DMAA和MEA:DEAA或由其组成,它们可以分别以30-80:70-20的比值存在。
根据本发明的另一实施方案,该粘合剂组合物可包括提供粘结强度和较快速固化的聚氨酯基体聚合物。可通过聚合聚二醇与二异氰酸酯和任选地与扩链剂分子,例如二醇,形成聚氨酯聚合物。扩链剂分子具有改性聚合物物理特征,例如聚合物形状,粘度和聚合物状态的效果。聚二醇可选自由下述组成的组,但不限于:聚(丙二醇)-聚(乙二醇)(PPG-PEG),聚乙二醇(PEG),聚(己内酯)-二醇(PCL-二醇),聚(乳酸)-二醇(PLA-二醇),聚(羟基乙酸)-二醇(PGA-二醇),聚(四亚甲基二醇)(PTMG)(也称为聚(丁二醇)),聚[l,6-己二醇/新戊二醇-交替-(己二醇)]二醇(PHNAD),聚[l,6-己二醇/新戊二醇/二甘醇-交替-(己二酸)]二醇(PHNDGAD),聚(二甲基硅氧烷)-二醇(PDMS)。聚二醇的分子量范围可以是Mn=200至Mn=7000,且其存在量可以是聚合物重量的15-55wt%,例如20-50wt%。二异氰酸酯可选自由下述组成的组,但不限于:亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯(MDI),1,4-苯二异氰酸酯(PDI),1,1'-亚甲基双(4-异氰酸环己酯)(HMDI),2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI),己二异氰酸酯(HDI),l,3-双(异氰酸甲酯基)环己烷(BICH)。典型地,二异氰酸酯的存在量为聚合物重量的45-55wt%。合适的扩链剂包括1,4-丁二醇(BD),乙二醇(EG),2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟-l,6-己二醇(OFHD);和3-二甲基氨基-1,2-丙二醇(DMAPD)。若存在的话,则扩链剂的存在量可以是聚合物的10-30mol%,典型地10-25%。
在再一实施方案中,粘合剂组合物可包括聚酯,它们的共聚物或混合物(共混物)。优选的聚酯的非限制性实例是聚乙交酯或聚羟基乙酸(PGA),聚乳酸(PLA),聚己内酯(PCL),聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA),聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB),聚乙二醇己二酸酯(PEA),聚丁二醇琥珀酸酯(PBS),聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-共-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV),聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET),聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT),聚对苯二甲酸三亚甲基酯(PTT),聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN),vectran,和/或它们的共聚物,例如PCL-PLA,PCL-PGA,PLA-PGA,PCL-PLA-PCL,PIBVE-b-PCL,和其他。
此外,本发明的粘合剂组合物可包括乙烯基聚合物和酰胺酸基聚合物,例如聚(均苯四酸二酐-共-4,4'氧代二苯胺)酰胺酸。优选地,这些可包括聚乙烯,聚丙烯,聚丁二烯,聚氯乙烯(PVC),聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc),聚乙烯醇(PVA),部分水解的聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚丙烯腈(PAN),聚乙烯基缩丁醛(PVB),和聚乙烯基甲苯(PVT)和/或它们的共聚物,例如PVA-b-PS,PS-b-PMMA,PS-b-PAN,PVA-PGMA,或其混合物。可将均相(水溶液)或非均相(乳液)体系内的以上所述的聚合物掺入到粘合剂配方中。溶液或乳液聚合物在组合物内的存在范围可以是0.5%一直到50wt%,基于全部固体。
在另一优选的实施方案中,粘合剂组合物可包括氮杂环丁聚合物。这种材料本身是已知的且可通过使聚酰胺基胺和表卤醇反应而获得。氮杂环丁聚合物由至少两个含有取代或未取代的四元含氮杂环的单体单元构成。氮杂环丁聚合物可以是含掺入到聚合物结构内的一个或多个非-氮杂环丁单体单元的均聚物或共聚物。适合于根据本发明使用的优选的聚氮杂环丁显示出下式:
其中R1可以是C1-C25烷二基,优选C1-C10烷二基或C1-C5烷二基,它们可能地被羟基,羧基官能团或胺取代。
R2可以独立地为R1或-R3-NH-C(0)-R4-,其中R3和R4独立地为C1-C25烷二基,优选C1-C10烷二基或C1-C5烷二基,
Y1和Y3是H或C1-C5烷基,它可能地被羟基,胺或羧基取代,
Y2是OH或独立地为Y1
X-是卤素抗衡离子。
这种氮杂环丁聚合物的实例是产品编码CA1025。
碳水化合物基粘合剂或粘合剂组合物可包括聚合物微米颗粒和/或纳米颗粒。由天然聚合物衍生的优选的微米颗粒和/或纳米颗粒选自多糖,例如甲壳素和壳聚糖,纤维素及其衍生物,例如纤维素醚和酯衍生物,藻酸盐,淀粉,琼脂,透明质酸,和它们的衍生物或共聚物,及其混合物。优选的纳米材料是纳米纤维素,例如纤维素纳米晶体或纤维素纳米晶须或纳米纤维和/或其混合物。
尤其适合于碳水化合物基粘合剂的合成衍生的聚合物微米颗粒和/或纳米颗粒有利地选自聚丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸酯,聚丙烯酰胺,聚甲基丙烯酰胺,聚氨酯,聚酯,和脂族异氰酸酯低聚物,或其共聚物和/或混合物。
基体聚合物的重量比可占粘合剂组合物干重的约1至20%,优选占干重的约2至18%,更优选占组合物干重的5至15%。
所述基体聚合物,更具体地以上例举的聚合物可显示出范围为500道尔顿(Da)至2×106Da,优选1×103-5×105Da,更优选5×l04Da-3×105Da的分子量。
一种或多种预成形的聚合物或单体,能与引发剂一起可在粘合剂组合物内乳液分散或增溶。
已发现,通过添加额外的基体聚合物到含一旦固化则形成所需粘合剂树脂的起始材料的粘合剂组合物内,可获得较高的粘结强度。添加这种基体聚合物可进一步降低粘合剂树脂固化时的粘合剂损失。此外,与不含额外的基体聚合物的相同粘合剂相比,添加基体聚合物会降低粘合剂的吸水率。
当期望聚酯树脂类型的粘合剂时,起始材料选自带有氢氧化物官能团的化合物和带有羧酸官能团的化合物,或其酸酐或盐衍生物,使得一旦在合适的固化条件下固化,则获得所需的聚酯树脂。这种聚酯基树脂是该技术领域中公知的。如上所述,氢氧化物官能化合物可选自碳水化合物,例如右旋糖,和带有羧酸官能团的化合物或其酸酐或盐衍生物可选自多羧酸,酸酐或其盐。
多羧酸可有利地选自单体和聚合的多羧酸。示意性地,单体多羧酸可以是二羧酸,其中包括,但不限于,不饱和脂族二羧酸,饱和脂族二羧酸,芳族二羧酸,不饱和环状二羧酸,饱和环状二羧酸,其羟基取代的衍生物,和类似物。或者,示意性地,多羧酸本身可以是三羧酸,其中包括,但不限于,不饱和脂族三羧酸,饱和脂族三羧酸,芳族三羧酸,不饱和环状三羧酸,饱和环状三羧酸,其羟基取代的衍生物,和类似物。要理解,任何这种多羧酸可任选地例如被羟基,卤素,烷基,烷氧基和类似基团取代。在一个变通方案中,多羧酸是饱和脂族三羧酸,柠檬酸。其他合适的多羧酸考虑包括,但不限于,乌头酸,己二酸,壬二酸,丁四羧酸二酐,丁三羧酸,氯菌酸,柠康酸,二环戊二烯-马来酸加合物,二亚乙基三胺五乙酸,二戊烯和马来酸的加合物,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA),完全马来酸化的松香,马来酸化妥尔油脂肪酸,富马酸,戊二酸,间苯二甲酸,衣康酸,用过氧化钾氧化成醇,然后借助与二氧化碳的KOLBE-Schmidt反应而反应的羧酸,马来酸,苹果酸,中康酸,双酚A或双酚F,以引入3-4个羧基的马来酸化松香,草酸,邻苯二甲酸,癸二酸,琥珀酸,酒石酸,对苯二甲酸,四溴邻苯二甲酸,四氯邻苯二甲酸,四氢邻苯二甲酸,偏苯三酸,均苯三酸和类似物,和酸酐,及其组合。示意性地,聚合的多羧酸可以是酸,例如聚丙烯酸,聚甲基丙烯酸,聚马来酸,和类似的聚合多羧酸,其共聚物,其酸酐,及其混合物。可商购的聚丙烯酸的实例包括AQUASET-529(Rohm&Haas,Philadelphia,PA,USA),CRITERION2000(Kemira,Helsinki,Finland,欧洲),NF1(H.B.Fuller,St.Paul,MN,USA),和SOKALAN(BASF,Ludwigshafen,欧洲德国)。关于SOKALAN,它是一种水溶性的丙烯酸和马来酸的聚丙烯酸共聚物,其分子量为约4000。AQUASET-529是含用甘油交联的聚丙烯酸,还含有次磷酸钠作为催化剂的组合物。CRITERION 2000是一种聚丙烯酸的部分盐的酸性溶液,其分子量为约2000。关于NF1,它是一种含羧酸官能度和羟基官能度,以及不具有任意这两个官能度的单元的共聚物;NF1还含有链转移剂,例如次磷酸钠或有机基磷酸酯(organophosphate)催化剂。
正如美国专利Nos.5,318,990和6,331,350中所描述的,聚合的多羧酸包括含有大于一个侧挂羧基的有机聚合物或低聚物。聚合的多羧酸可以是由不饱和羧酸制备的均聚物或共聚物,所述不饱和羧酸包括,但不一定限于,丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸,巴豆酸,异巴豆酸,马来酸,肉桂酸,2-甲基马来酸,衣康酸,2-甲基衣康酸,α,β-亚甲基戊二酸,和类似物。或者,聚合的多羧酸可以由不饱和酸酐制备,所述不饱和酸酐包括,但不一定限于,马来酸酐,衣康酸酐,丙烯酸酐,甲基丙烯酸酐,和类似物,以及它们的混合物。聚合这些酸和酸酐的方法是化学领域公知的。聚合的多羧酸可另外包括一种或多种前述不饱和羧酸或酸酐和一种或多种乙烯基化合物的共聚物,所述乙烯基化合物包括,但不一定限于苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,丙烯腈,甲基丙烯腈,丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸乙酯,丙烯酸正丁酯,丙烯酸异丁酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸正丁酯,甲基丙烯酸异丁酯,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,乙烯基甲醚,乙酸乙烯酯,和类似物。制备这些共聚物的方法是本领域公知的。聚合的多羧酸可包括聚丙烯酸的均聚物和共聚物。聚合的多羧酸和尤其聚丙烯酸聚合物的分子量可以小于10000Da,小于5000Da,或小于或等于约3000Da。例如,分子量可以是2000Da。
碳水化合物可包括具有一个或多个还原糖的一种或多种反应物。在一个方面中,任何碳水化合物反应物应当充分非挥发性,以最大化其保持可获得以供与胺反应物反应的能力。碳水化合物反应物可以是其醛糖或酮糖形式的单糖,其中包括丙糖,丁糖,戊糖,己糖或庚糖;或多糖;或其组合。碳水化合物反应物可以是还原糖,或者在热固化条件下原位得到一种或多种还原糖的物质。例如,当丙糖充当碳水化合物反应物或者与其他还原糖和/或多糖结合使用时,可分别使用丙醛糖或丙酮糖,例如甘油醛和二羟基丙酮。当丁糖充当碳水化合物反应物或者与其他还原糖和/或多糖结合使用时,可使用丁醛糖,例如赤藓糖和苏阿糖;和丁酮糖,例如赤藓酮糖。当戊糖充当碳水化合物反应物或者与其他还原糖和/或多糖结合使用时,可使用戊醛糖,例如核糖,阿拉伯糖,木糖和来苏糖;和戊酮糖,例如核酮糖,阿拉伯酮糖,木酮糖和来苏酮糖。当己糖充当碳水化合物反应物或者与其他还原糖和/或多糖结合使用时,可使用己醛糖,例如葡萄糖(即,右旋糖),甘露糖,半乳糖,阿洛糖,阿卓糖,塔罗糖,古洛糖,和艾杜糖;和己酮糖,例如果糖,阿洛酮糖,山梨糖和塔格糖。当庚糖充当碳水化合物反应物或者与其他还原糖和/或多糖结合使用时,可使用庚酮糖,例如景天庚酮糖。已知不是天然存在的这种碳水化合物反应物的其他立体异构体也考虑可用于制备本文描述的粘合剂组合物。当多糖充当碳水化合物或者与单糖结合使用时,可使用蔗糖,乳糖,麦芽糖,淀粉和纤维素。碳水化合物组分可以有利地包括由水解多糖,例如淀粉,纤维素或糖蜜而得到的低聚物或聚合物。这种水解物能原位生成还原糖和/或已经包括还原糖且进一步对基体聚合物的效果做出贡献。优选显示出DE(葡萄糖值)为25至90,优选35至85,或45至85,最优选55至80的水解物。
若期望Maillard化合物基粘合剂,这意味着基于还原糖和含氮化合物之间反应的粘合剂,则该碳水化合物可有利地选自本文中以上提及的碳水化合物。在这些当中,最优选右旋糖。含氮化合物可有利地选自无机酸或有机酸的铵盐,和胺化合物。
铵盐中的无机酸部分可有利地选自磷酸,硫酸,硝酸和碳酸。优选硫酸铵和磷酸铵。有机酸可以选自本文以上提及的多羧酸。
胺化合物可以有利地选自含伯和/或仲胺官能团的多胺官能化合物。在示意性的实施方案中,多胺是伯多胺。在一个实施方案中,多胺可以是化学式为H2N-Q-NH2的分子,其中Q是烷基,环烷基,杂烷基或环杂烷基,它们中的每一个可被任选取代。在一个实施方案中,Q是选自由C2-C24组成的组中的烷基。在另一实施方案中,Q是选自由C2-C8组成的组中的烷基。在另一实施方案中,Q是选自由C3-C7组成的组中的烷基。在再一实施方案中,Q是C6烷基。在一个实施方案中,Q选自环己基,环戊基或环丁基。在另一实施方案中,Q是苄基。在示意性的实施方案中,多胺选自二胺,三胺,四胺,和五胺。在一个实施方案中,多胺是选自1,6-二氨基己烷和l,5-二氨基-2-甲基戊烷中的二胺。在优选的实施方案中,二胺是1,6-二氨基己烷。在一个实施方案中,多胺是选自二亚乙基三胺,1-哌嗪乙胺和双(六亚甲基)三胺中的三胺。在另一实施方案中,多胺是四胺,例如三亚乙基四胺。在另一实施方案中,多胺是五胺,例如四亚乙基五胺。在另一实施方案中,多胺选自聚乙烯亚胺(PEI),聚乙烯基胺,聚醚胺,聚赖氨酸。正如本领域技术人员已知的,可获得若干种不同类型的聚乙烯亚胺,例如直链聚乙烯亚胺,支链聚乙烯亚胺,和枝状体类型的聚乙烯亚胺;所有均在本发明的粘合剂组合物中适合。类似地,聚醚胺可显示出直链形式和支链形式,和认为所有这些适合于生成粘合剂组合物和因此本发明的粘合剂。
碳水化合物对无机或多羧酸的铵盐的干重比范围为约2至约15,优选约2.5至约13。基体聚合物可占粘合剂组合物干重的约1至20%,优选干重的约2至18%,更优选占组合物干重的5至15%。
本发明的粘合剂组合物和由其生产的粘合剂基本上无甲醛(也就是说含小于约1ppm甲醛,基于组合物的重量),且没有释放显著量的甲醛。此外,它们基于天然,因此可再生的资源。
本发明的组合物显然可进一步包括偶联剂,染料,抗真菌剂,抗细菌剂,疏水物和本领域已知的用于这种粘合剂应用的其他添加剂,如果适当的话。含硅偶联剂典型地通常以约0.1至约1wt%的范围存在于这种粘合剂内,基于粘合剂组合物内的固体重量。显然选择这些添加剂,例如没有抵消粘合剂的粘合性能,也没有抵消含这种粘合剂组合物的最终产品或由其生产的粘合剂的机械和其他所需性能,且有利地符合严格的环境和健康有关的要求。
在没有束缚于理论的情况下,认为固化产生高度交联的高分子量聚合物。这些可以通过本领域通常已知的技术,其中包括测定分子量和其他已知技术来分析。
根据本发明,术语“粘合剂组合物”没有特别限制,且通常包括或者原样或者固化时,能粘结松散组装物质的任何组合物。
本文中所使用的术语“水性”没有特别限制且通常涉及基于水作为溶剂的溶液和/或分散体。所述术语进一步包括含有水和一种或多种额外溶剂的组合物或混合物。本发明的“水性粘合剂组合物”可以是一种或多种所述粘合剂组分的溶液或部分溶液,或者可以是分散体,例如乳液或悬浮液。
本发明的水性粘合剂组合物中的固体含量范围可以是5至95w%,有利地8至90w%,优选10至85w%,基于全部水性粘合剂组合物的重量。更具体地,当用作矿棉绝热制品的粘合剂时,该水性粘合剂组合物的固体含量范围可以是5至25w%,优选8至20w%,更优选10至20w%或甚至12至18w%,基于全部水性粘合剂组合物的重量。当在木板中用作粘合剂时,该水性粘合剂组合物的固体含量范围可以是50至95w%,优选50至90w%,更优选55至85w%或甚至60至80w%,基于全部水性粘合剂组合物的重量。
本发明的粘合剂组合物可进一步包括由无机材料,例如金属氧化物,优选MgO,CaO,Al2O3和CaCO4衍生的纳米颗粒。此外,纳米粘土可掺入到粘合剂配方内。这种纳米粘土没有限制地包括蒙脱土,膨润土,高岭石,水辉石和埃洛石和其他有机改性纳米粘土,和/或其混合物。这种无机材料的存在量范围可以是0.1至10w%,优选0.1至5w%全部组合物的固体含量。
本发明粘合剂组合物中的组分可以独立地运输并在相关制造装置中使用之前立即结合。也可原样运输粘合剂组合物。
可使用本发明的粘合剂粘结非组装或松散组装的物质的集合体。该物质集合体包括含选自矿物纤维,其中包括但不限于矿渣棉纤维,岩棉纤维,玻璃纤维,芳族聚酰胺纤维,陶瓷纤维,金属纤维,碳纤维,聚酰亚胺纤维,聚酯纤维,人造丝纤维和纤维素纤维中的纤维的任何物质集合体。物质集合体的进一步的实例包括粒状物,例如煤,砂子,纤维素纤维,刨花,锯屑,木浆,粉碎木材,碎木片,木材刨花,木层,其他天然纤维,例如黄麻,亚麻,大麻,稻草,薄木片,夹心面板和其他颗粒,织造或非织造材料。根据本发明的具体实施方案,物质集合体选自木材颗粒和矿物纤维。
在一个示意性的实施方案中,可使用本发明的粘合剂组合物制造含矿物纤维的绝缘产品。在这一应用中,纤维粘结在一起,使得它们在玻璃纤维毡内组织化,然后可将其加工成绝缘产品。在这一应用中,通常存在用量范围为70至99%的纤维。
根据本发明的另一实施方案,可使用该粘合剂粘结纤维素颗粒,例如纤维素纤维,木材刨花,木浆和常用于制造复合木板,其中包括纤维板,颗粒板,定向刨花板等的其他材料。这种木板显示出范围为6至30mm的标称厚度和至少约1000N/mm2的弹性模量,至少约5N/mm2的弯曲强度和/或至少0.10N/mm2的内部粘结强度。在这一应用中,在最终木板内的粘合剂含量范围可以是约5至30%wt,相对于木板的总重量,尤其9至20%。
根据本发明,可按照本身已知的方式,将该水性粘合剂组合物施加到纤维或粒状材料上。可优选通过喷洒施加,施加粘合剂组合物。其他技术包括辊施加或与粘合剂组合物一起混合和/或翻滚物质集合体。当水蒸发时,粘合剂组合物形成将粒状材料粘结在一起的凝胶,当在所需的组装件内排列时,正如本文中以下进一步详述的。当固化时,引起反应性粘合剂组分反应,形成与基体聚合物互缠的基本上水不溶的大分子粘合剂。与未固化的粘合剂相比,固化因此赋予增加的粘合性,耐久性和耐水性。可在环境温度(约10至25℃)和一直到280℃之间的温度下进行固化。
根据另一方面,本发明覆盖通过施加粘合剂,固化和水蒸发,制备纤维状材料或粒状材料的粘结组装件的方法。然后可在合适的工艺步骤中进一步加工所得产品,制造中间体或最终产品,其中包括,但不限于,绝缘产品。更具体地,纤维或纤维素颗粒的组装件的制造方法可包括接续或同时施加本文以上描述的粘合剂组合物中的相关组分或者施加前面描述的水性粘合剂组合物到纤维或颗粒的集合体上;在组装件内收集涂布的纤维或颗粒;和固化,于是引起碳水化合物和铵盐组分反应,形成大分子粘合剂,和蒸发水。
在范围为90-200℃,优选高于140℃,更优选低于190℃,典型地160℃至180℃的温度下进行固化。在木板的制造中,在材料进行挤压的同时进行固化。
以下在实施例中,参考附图更详细地解释本发明,其中:
-图1-3示出了若干种粘合剂组合物的固化速率;
-图4示出了对于右旋糖/硫酸铵/聚合物基粘合剂组合物来说,在气候老化之前和之后的粘结强度;
-图5示出了对于右旋糖/柠檬酸/聚合物基粘合剂组合物来说,在气候老化之前和之后的粘结强度;和
-图6和7示出了对于右旋糖/磷酸二铵/聚合物基粘合剂组合物来说,在气候老化之前和之后的粘结强度。
在下述实施例中,使用下述基体聚合物:
羧甲基纤维素(NaCMC)-Mw为约250kDa
羟丙基纤维素(HPC)-Mw为约100kDa
羟乙基纤维素(HEC)-Mw为约250kDa
壳聚糖(CS)-Mw范围为60kDa-220kDa
部分水解的PVA-Mw范围为30kDa-70kDa。
制备粘合剂组合物
将所要求量的基体聚合物溶解在水中。类似地,将所要求量的一水合右旋糖(DMH)独立地溶解在水中,接着视情况而定,在恒定搅拌下,添加硫酸铵(AmS04),磷酸二铵(DAP)或一水合柠檬酸(CAMH)。然后将所需量的聚合物溶液加入到DMH溶液的混合物中或者反之亦然。剧烈搅拌该混合物,以便获得均匀溶液,接着添加其他添加剂到该溶液内(若合适的话),并剧烈搅拌。
测定固化速率
将50μl粘合剂溶液的样品分配到WhatmanTM玻璃微纤维过滤器表面的点上。在烘箱内,保持样品在顶部货架上,避免在固化过程中烘箱内部的高含湿量。对于每一粘合剂溶液来说,在不同温度下,固化样品范围从1分钟一直到20分钟的不同时间段。在固化之后,切割每一玻璃过滤器样品,并完全浸渍在150ml玻璃烧杯内的50ml冷水中,和室温下超声处理15分钟。过滤该提取物溶液,并用分光计,在470nm下测量提取物的吸光度。然后作为固化时间的函数,对吸光度作图。在图1-3中列出了各种粘合剂组合物的结果。如图1所示,基体聚合物添加到DMH/AmSO4粘合剂组合物中没有显示出对固化速率的显著影响。添加基体聚合物到CAMH基粘合剂组合物(图2)和到DAP基粘合剂组合物(图3)中加速了固化,正如图2和3中所证明的。
测定气候老化之前和之后的粘结强度
将商业PF(酚醛树脂)浸渍过的(A4大小)玻璃纤维薄毡在600℃下置于马弗炉内30分钟,以便烧掉PF粘合剂,然后允许冷却30分钟。称重所获得的薄毡样品。
将约400g粘合剂溶液样品倾倒在浸没托盘(dip tray)内,并将所得薄毡样品仔细地完全浸没在相关粘合剂溶液内。浸渍的薄毡在所需温度下固化所需的时间段。然后如下所述测量粘合剂含量并测定粘结强度。
使用测试机(M350-10CT),测定相关固化的粘合剂浸渍的薄毡的粘结强度。对于每一试验来说,将固化粘合剂浸渍的A4薄毡切割成8个同样的长条。使用50Kg的负载池(DBBMTCL-50kg),在由winTest分析软件控制的10mm/min的自动化试验速度下,独立地测试每一长条。将玻璃薄毡的拉伸板固定到测试机上,以确保板之间100mm的间隙。将样品垂直置于夹持器内,并扣除皮重后的力为0。通过软件,评价各种参数,例如峰值最大负载,峰值应力和峰值模量(刚度),并作为8个样品的平均值形式列出数据和标准偏差。平均最大峰值负载或峰值应力被定义为粘结强度。
将固化粘合剂浸渍过的薄毡置于高压釜(J8341,容器:具有相关安全阀,门锁装置和一体化的管道构件的PVO2626)系统内。在90%湿度下和在范围为40℃至110℃下(全循环),在最多2.62bar的压力下处理样品3小时。完全干燥样品,以便确保在薄毡上没有残留湿气。借助本文以上描述的测试机(M350-10CT),测试高压釜处理过的样品的粘结强度,并比较该结果与未处理过的样品。
对于用各种粘合剂组合物浸渍的薄毡来说,研究粘结强度的评价-参见图4-7。这些浸渍过的薄毡在190℃下固化20分钟,并在干燥条件下进行机械试验。
在图4中,示出了下述粘合剂组合物的结果:DMH/AmSO4/CS,DMH/AmSO4/NaCMC和DMH/AmSO4/PVA。发现DMH/AmSO4(85/15)的粘结强度为约66N,当CS加入到该粘合剂组合物内时,该粘结强度显著增加。更具体地,DMH/AmSO4/CS(74/13/13)的粘结强度增加到96N,与DMH/AmSO4(85/15)粘合剂的粘结强度相比,高45%(图4a)。类似地,DMH/AmSO4/NaCMC的粘结强度(尤其对于74/13/13,85/15/10和85/15/5的比值来说)高于DMH/AmSO4(85/15)(图4c)。在附图中,在每一图表中列出的数值是相应配方的平均值。虚线代表不含额外基体聚合物的粘合剂组合物的粘结强度。
通过添加基体聚合物,在气候老化之后的粘结强度没有显著增加。
图5示出了在玻璃纤维薄毡内浸渍的各种DMH/CAMH/NaCMC粘合剂组合物的粘结强度结果。当NaCMC(5%)加入到柠檬酸基组合物内时,粘结强度增加约23%(图5)。在粘合剂组合物(DMH/CAMH/NaCMC)内增加NaCMC的浓度没有显著影响粘结强度。
图6示出了在极端气候处理之前和之后的粘结强度。采用7%DAP,进行研究,且改变DMH/聚合物之比。结果(图6)表明通过添加CMC或CS基体聚合物,DMH/DAP(93/7)的粘结强度增加。当添加更多基体聚合物到粘合剂组合物(93/7)内时,粘结强度在该范围内保持基本上稳定。
还研究所有这些DMH/DAP/NaCMC和DMH/DAP/CS组合物的气候稳定性粘结强度,并也在图6中画出了结果。结果表明CS显著增加气候稳定性(比较DMH/DAP/CS与DMH/DAP(93/7))。
图7示出了DMH/DAP/聚合物组合物在全循环高压釜处理之前和之后的粘结强度:(a)DMH/DAP/NaCMC,(b)DMH/DAP/PVA和(c)DMH/DAP/CS。在每一图表中列出的数值是相应组合物的平均值。DAP浓度保持恒定(12-13%)。结果表明,与DMH/DAP(87/13)相比,NaCMC和CS二者显著增加粘结强度以及改进气候稳定性。
固化时的粘合剂重量损失
如上所述制备粘合剂溶液,并称重样品,显示出2-5%的固体含量,将其倾倒在铝培养皿内并在烘箱中在140℃下保持2小时。测定理论和实验值并计算重量损失。在下表1中示出了针对各种组合物获得的结果。可看出,在组合物内添加基体聚合物的情况下,粘合剂的重量损失显著下降。
表1.在140℃下固化2小时的粘合剂重量损失
吸水率
制备100g具有所需固体含量的粘合剂溶液。完全浸没玻璃微纤维过滤器GFA并在相关粘合剂溶液内保持10秒,然后取出。粘合剂浸渍过的GFA样品在所需温度,例如在180-190℃下固化10分钟,并测量重量(4位小数点)。之后,将固化的GFA样品完全浸没在用200mL水填充的烧杯内。借助玻璃棒,在水下维持样品1小时。在1小时之后,引出GFA样品,并通过吸水纸吸收表面的水。测量湿的GFA样品的重量。对于每一样品来说,根据下述关系式,三次重复测定吸水率百分比:
%吸水率=[(湿GFA的质量-干GFA的质量)/干GFA的质量]x100
表2列出了在有和无添加剂(硅酮)情况下,DMH/AmSO4/聚合物,DMH/CAMH/聚合物和DMH/DAP/聚合物的各种组合物的吸水率(%)。可看出,标准的已知DMH/AmSO4(85/15)粘合剂的吸水率为约247%。在添加基体聚合物,例如NaCMC和CS的情况下,吸水率显著下降,这取决于在配方中所使用的基体聚合物的类型与比例。在组合物内添加硅酮(1%或1.5%)进一步显著降低吸水率。
表2.DMH/AmSO4/聚合物,DAP/CAMH/聚合物和DMH/DAP/聚合物粘合剂的吸水率(%)
根据以上公开的方法,制备含2%固体的粘合剂溶液,且它显示出在下表中所指的组成。如以上所公开的,测量用相关粘合剂组合物浸渍并在200℃下固化8分钟的气候老化和未气候老化的薄毡的粘结强度。在下表中概述了结果,平均8次反复。
表3:薄毡的粘合剂配方的粘结强度
表4:
表5:
该数据清楚地表明,壳聚糖聚合物基体(CS)添加到烃基粘合剂组合物中的有益效果。
采用含2%固体的粘合剂组合物,反复该实验。在下表中示出了该组合物,且它包括聚氮杂环丁(CA1025)作为聚合物基体。如以上所公开的,测量用相关粘合剂组合物浸渍且在200℃下固化8分钟的气候老化和未气候老化的薄毡的粘结强度。在下表6中概述了结果,8次反复取平均。
表6:
再者,添加CA1025对粘结强度的影响清楚地得到佐证。
DMH:一水合右旋糖
AmSO4:硫酸铵
DAP:磷酸二铵
CS:获自Sigma Aldrich的高分子量壳聚糖,CAS n°9012-76-4(419419)
CaMH:一水合柠檬酸
CA1025:可商购的氮杂环丁聚合物的商品名
采用下表7中所示的粘合剂组合物,反复实验。如以上所公开的,测定用相关粘合剂组合物浸渍且在200℃下固化8分钟的气候老化和未气候老化的薄毡的粘结强度。在下表7中示出了8次反复取平均的结果。
表7:
DMH:一水合右旋糖
HMDA:1,6-己二胺
HPC:羟丙基纤维素
CA1025:可商购的氮杂环丁聚合物的商品名
显然,气候老化和未气候老化的薄毡的粘结强度基本上得到维持或者甚至增加,尽管与HMDA交联剂反应可获得的右旋糖减少。
根据进一步的方面,本发明提供在下述方面中列出的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,纤维或颗粒的组装件,和方法:
方面1.水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,它包括一旦固化,则形成热固性树脂所要求的起始材料,和基体聚合物。
方面2.方面1的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,它包括一旦固化,则形成热固性树脂的多羟基组分,多羧酸组分,或其酸酐,酯或盐衍生物,和基体聚合物。
方面3.方面2的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多羧酸组分选自单体和聚合的多羧酸。
方面4.方面4的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多羧酸组分是单体多羧酸,例如二羧酸,其中包括,但不限于,不饱和脂族二羧酸,饱和脂族二羧酸,芳族二羧酸,不饱和环状二羧酸,饱和环状二羧酸,其羟基取代的衍生物,或三羧酸,其中包括,但不限于,不饱和脂族三羧酸,饱和脂族三羧酸,芳族三羧酸,不饱和环状三羧酸,饱和环状三羧酸,其羟基取代的衍生物,优选柠檬酸,及其混合物。
方面5.方面2的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多羧酸组分的盐衍生物是铵盐。
方面6.前述任何方面的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多羟基组分是选自其醛糖或酮糖形式的单糖,其中包括丙糖,丁糖,戊糖,己糖,庚糖;或者多糖或低聚糖;或者原位得到一种或多种还原糖的组分,或其组合中的碳水化合物组分。
方面7.方面1的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,它包括一旦固化,则形成热固性树脂的碳水化合物组分和含氮组分,及基体聚合物。
方面8.方面7的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中碳水化合物组分选自其醛糖或酮糖形式的单糖,其中包括丙糖,丁糖,戊糖,己糖,庚糖;或低聚糖或多糖;或原位得到一种或多种还原糖的组分,或其组合。
方面9.方面7或8的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中含氮组分是选自磷酸,硫酸,硝酸和碳酸中的无机酸的铵盐,优选硫酸铵或磷酸铵。
方面10.方面7或8的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中含氮组分选自含伯和/或仲和/或叔和/或季铵官能团的多胺官能化合物。
方面11.方面10任何一项的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多胺官能的化合物的化学式为H2N-Q-NH2,其中Q是烷基,环烷基,杂烷基或环杂烷基,它们各自被任选取代。
方面12.方面11的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多胺官能化合物选自二胺,三胺,四胺,和五胺,更具体地,1,6-二氨基己烷和l,5-二氨基-2-甲基戊烷,二亚乙基三胺,1-哌嗪乙胺和双(六亚甲基)三胺,三亚乙基四胺,四亚乙基五胺,聚乙烯亚胺(PEI),聚乙烯基胺,聚醚胺,聚赖氨酸。
方面13.前述任何方面的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中基体聚合物选自天然衍生的聚合物,例如多糖,例如纤维素,淀粉,藻酸盐,透明质酸,和它们的衍生物,羧甲基纤维素(CMC),羟丙基纤维素(HPC),2-羟乙基纤维素(HEC),合成衍生的聚合物,例如聚乙烯基类(PVA,PVAc,PAN),聚丙烯酸类,聚丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸酯,聚丙烯酰胺,聚甲基丙烯酰胺,聚氨酯,聚酯,脂族异氰酸酯低聚物,聚氮杂环丁它们的共聚物及其混合物。
方面14.方面13的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中基体聚合物选自纤维素衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素(CMC),羟丙基纤维素(HPC),2-羟乙基纤维素(HEC);聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc),脂族异氰酸酯低聚物,或其混合物。
方面15.前述任何方面的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中基体聚合物显示出范围为500道尔顿(Da)至2×106Da,优选1×103-5×105Da,更优选5×l04Da-3×105Da的分子量。
方面16.方面7-15任何一项的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中碳水化合物对无机或多羧酸的铵盐或多胺官能化合物的干重比范围为约2至约35,优选约2.5至约13。
方面17.方面16的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中基体聚合物占粘合剂组合物干重的约1至20%,优选占干重的约2至18%,更优选干组合物干重的5至15%。
方面18.前述任何方面的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,进一步包括染料,抗真菌剂,抗细菌剂,疏水物,含硅酮的偶联剂,和/或本领域已知用于这种粘合剂组合物的其他添加剂。
方面19.前述任何方面的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中一种组分是由天然或合成聚合物或它们的组合衍生的选择的微米颗粒或纳米颗粒,例如纳米纤维素或者由无机材料,例如MgO,CaO,Al2O3和CaCO4衍生的选择的微米颗粒或纳米颗粒,或纳米粘土,例如蒙脱土,膨润土,高岭石,水辉石和埃洛石和其他有机改性纳米粘土,和/或其混合物。
方面20.用前述任何方面的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物或者由前述任何方面的可固化的粘合剂组合物得到的粘合剂粘结的纤维或颗粒的组装件。
方面21.方面20的纤维组装件,它包括绝缘产品,例如矿棉毡或其他。
方面22.方面20的颗粒组装件,它是复合木板,例如木纤维板,木粒板,胶合板或类似板。
方面23.方面20-22任何一项的纤维或颗粒的组装件的制造方法,其特征在于它包括接续或同时施加方面1-19任何一项的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物中的相关组分,或者施加方面1至19任何一项的水性粘合剂组合物到纤维或颗粒的集合体上;在组装件内收集涂布的纤维或颗粒;和固化,于是引起水性可固化的粘合剂组合物中的组分反应,形成大分子粘合剂,和蒸发水。
方面24.方面23的方法,其特征在于在范围为120-200℃,优选高于140℃,更优选低于190℃,典型地160至180℃的温度下进行固化。
方面25.方面23-24任何一项的方法,其特征在于通过在纤维或颗粒的集合体上喷洒,施加水性粘合剂组合物。
方面26.方面23-25任何一项的方法,其中组装件是在固化过程中经受过挤压的木纤维或木粒板或类似的木板。

Claims (22)

1.水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,它包括固化时形成热固性树脂所要求的起始材料,和基体聚合物,其中固化时形成热固性树脂所要求的起始材料包括(i)多羟基组分和多羧酸组分,或其酸酐,酯或盐衍生物,和/或其反应产物,或(ii)碳水化合物组分和含氮组分和/或其反应产物,且其中基体聚合物选自纤维素,淀粉,藻酸盐,透明质酸,和它们的衍生物,淀粉衍生物或共聚物,羧甲基纤维素(CMC),羧甲基纤维素钠(NaCMC),羟丙基纤维素(HPC),2-羟乙基纤维素(HEC),壳聚糖,聚乙烯基类(聚乙烯醇(PVA),聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc),部分水解的聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚丙烯腈(PAN)),聚丙烯酸类,聚丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸酯,聚丙烯酰胺,聚甲基丙烯酰胺,聚氨酯,聚酯,脂族异氰酸酯低聚物,聚氮杂环丁聚合物,它们的共聚物及其混合物。
2.权利要求1的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多羧酸组分选自单体和聚合的多羧酸。
3.权利要求2的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多羧酸组分是单体多羧酸,例如二羧酸,其中包括,但不限于,不饱和脂族二羧酸,饱和脂族二羧酸,芳族二羧酸,不饱和环状二羧酸,饱和环状二羧酸,其羟基取代的衍生物,或三羧酸,其中包括,但不限于,不饱和脂族三羧酸,饱和脂族三羧酸,芳族三羧酸,不饱和环状三羧酸,饱和环状三羧酸,其羟基取代的衍生物,优选柠檬酸,及其混合物。
4.权利要求1的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多羧酸组分的盐衍生物是铵盐。
5.前述任何一项权利要求的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多羟基组分是选自其醛糖或酮糖形式的单糖,其中包括丙糖、丁糖、戊糖、己糖、庚糖;或低聚糖或多糖;或原位得到一种或多种还原糖的组分;或其组合中的碳水化合物组分。
6.权利要求1或5任何一项的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中含氮组分是选自磷酸,硫酸,硝酸和碳酸中的无机酸的铵盐,优选硫酸铵或磷酸铵。
7.权利要求1或6任何一项的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中含氮组分选自含伯和/或仲和/或叔和/或季胺官能团的多胺官能化合物。
8.权利要求7的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多胺官能化合物的化学式为H2N-Q-NH2,其中Q是亚烷基,环亚烷基,杂亚烷基或环杂亚烷基,它们各自被任选取代。
9.权利要求7的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中多胺官能化合物选自二胺,三胺,四胺,和五胺,更具体地,1,6-二氨基己烷和l,5-二氨基-2-甲基戊烷,二亚乙基三胺,1-哌嗪乙胺和双(六亚甲基)三胺,三亚乙基四胺,四亚乙基五胺,聚乙烯亚胺(PEI),聚乙烯基胺,聚醚胺,聚赖氨酸。
10.权利要求1的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中基体聚合物选自纤维素衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素(CMC),羧甲基纤维素钠(NaCMC),羟丙基纤维素(HPC),2-羟乙基纤维素(HEC);纳米纤维素,聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc),脂族异氰酸酯低聚物,壳聚糖,氮杂环丁聚合物或其混合物。
11.前述任何一项权利要求的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中基体聚合物显示出范围为500道尔顿(Da)至2x106Da,优选1x103-5x105Da,更优选5xl04Da-3x105Da的分子量。
12.前述任何一项权利要求的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中碳水化合物对无机或多羧酸的铵盐或多胺官能化合物的干重比范围为约2至约35,优选约2.5至约13。
13.权利要求12的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中基体聚合物占粘合剂组合物干重的约1至20%,优选占干重的约2至18%,更优选占组合物干重的5至15%。
14.前述任何一项权利要求的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,进一步包括染料,抗真菌剂,抗细菌剂,疏水物,含硅酮的偶联剂,和/或本领域已知用于这种粘合剂组合物的其他添加剂。
15.前述任何一项权利要求的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物,其中一种组分是由天然或合成聚合物或它们的组合衍生的选择的微米颗粒或纳米颗粒,例如纳米纤维素或者由无机材料,例如MgO,CaO,Al2O3和CaCO4衍生的选择的微米颗粒或纳米颗粒,或纳米粘土,例如蒙脱土,膨润土,高岭石,水辉石和埃洛石和其他有机改性纳米粘土,和/或其混合物。
16.用前述任何一项权利要求的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物或者由前述任何一项的可固化的粘合剂组合物得到的粘合剂粘结的纤维或颗粒的组装件。
17.权利要求16的纤维组装件,它包括绝缘产品,例如矿棉毡或其他。
18.权利要求16的颗粒组装件,它是复合木板,例如木纤维板,木粒板,胶合板或类似板。
19.权利要求17-19任何一项的纤维或颗粒的组装件的制造方法,其特征在于它包括:接续或同时施加权利要求1-15任何一项的水性可固化的粘合剂组合物中的相关组分,或者施加权利要求1-15任何一项的水性粘合剂组合物到纤维或颗粒的集合体上;在组装件内收集涂布的纤维或颗粒;和固化,于是引起水性可固化的粘合剂组合物中的组分反应,形成大分子粘合剂,和蒸发水。
20.权利要求19的方法,其特征在于在范围为90-200℃,优选高于140℃,更优选低于190℃,典型地160至180℃的温度下进行固化。
21.权利要求19-20任何一项的方法,其特征在于通过在纤维或颗粒的集合体上喷洒来施加水性粘合剂组合物。
22.权利要求19-21任何一项的方法,其中组装件是在固化过程中经受过挤压的木纤维板或木粒板或类似的木板。
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