[go: up one dir, main page]

CN106413946B - 由增材制造随后锻造部件的操作制造金属制部件或金属基质复合物制部件的方法 - Google Patents

由增材制造随后锻造部件的操作制造金属制部件或金属基质复合物制部件的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106413946B
CN106413946B CN201580021564.6A CN201580021564A CN106413946B CN 106413946 B CN106413946 B CN 106413946B CN 201580021564 A CN201580021564 A CN 201580021564A CN 106413946 B CN106413946 B CN 106413946B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
forging
additive manufacturing
preform
metal
manufacturing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201580021564.6A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN106413946A (zh
Inventor
埃米尔·托马斯·迪塞里奥
莱昂内尔·迪佩雷
弗雷德里克·佩里埃
克里斯托弗·德拉约
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Jean Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Saint Jean Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Jean Industries SAS filed Critical Saint Jean Industries SAS
Publication of CN106413946A publication Critical patent/CN106413946A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106413946B publication Critical patent/CN106413946B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
    • B21J5/025—Closed die forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/18—Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/364—Process control of energy beam parameters for post-heating, e.g. remelting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/008—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression characterised by the composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B23K15/0093—Welding characterised by the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/05—Light metals
    • B22F2301/052—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/20—Refractory metals
    • B22F2301/205—Titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/10—Carbide
    • B22F2302/105—Silicium carbide (SiC)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/25—Oxide
    • B22F2302/253—Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/45—Others, including non-metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

制造金属合金零件或金属基质复合材料零件的方法，所述方法在于：通过经由以连续的层的方式添加材料的增材制造来制作预制件；以及使所述预制件经历锻造操作，所述锻造操作在单个步骤中并且在两个模具之间进行，目的在于获得要获得的所述零件的最终形状。

Description

由增材制造随后锻造部件的操作制造金属制部件或金属基质 复合物制部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制造金属零件或金属基质复合物零件的技术领域，特别地但非限制性地，本发明涉及制造用于汽车和航空业的组件和设备。
背景技术
增材制造(Additive manufacturing)正在发展，其使得能够通过熔合(熔融在一起)或烧结连续的层来制备零件或部件，在最早1984年的专利US4575330中定义了基本概念。
增材制造被ASTM定义为这样的方法，所述方法通常以层叠的方式(layer uponlayer)连接材料以由三维(3D)模型数据制作物体，其与借以去除材料的减材制造方法(比如机械加工)不同。增材制造也是3D打印技术的别称。
该技术已经发展为通过熔合或者烧结粉末层或者通过焊接金属丝来制作金属合金零件。对金属基质复合物的测试已显示出其本身是非常有前景的。不全面地说，所使用的技术的范围从选择性激光烧结(SLS)到电子束熔融(EBM)，并且包括直接金属激光烧结(DMLS)和激光金属沉积(LMD)或选择性激光熔融(SLM)。那些技术使得制造具有高几何复杂性且具有令人满意的机械性能的零件或部件成为可能，但是得到该结果的代价是通常冗长的循环时间。对于每个连续的层，必须通过辊铺展开粉末，并且电子束或激光必须扫过每个层的整个表面以便获得良好的粉末的凝聚。为了减少循环时间，制造商采用的策略是增加粉末以及所述束的数量，以便更快速地熔融(熔合)或烧结每个层，从而增加了制造机器的成本。对于EBM技术所使用的金属主要是钛合金，但是使用激光的技术更为多功能。它们使得制造铁合金零件，基于钛、铝、钴-铬、镍等合金的零件以及金属基质复合物(钛-碳化钛、铝-氧化铝、铝-碳化硅等)零件成为可能。
遗憾的是，通过增材制造获得的零件或部件经常具有残留的微孔。这样的微孔降低了零件或部件的机械性能，尤其是延展性和疲劳强度。为了获得令人满意的疲劳强度，热等静压(HIP)步骤(其特征在于将零件置于高压和高温下)通常是有必要的。
由于所使用的粉末的粒径以及在增材制造期间形成的不同层的残留痕迹，通过增材制造获得的零件或部件还具有粗糙的表面粗糙度。
由于正在获得或制作零件的同时粉末熔融，这样的零件还具铸造微观结构。特别地，对于基于钛的合金，这样的结构是层状的，并且使其不可能满足飞机结构部件的大部分规格。为了改善机械性能，需要既是层状的又是结状的双模态微观结构。那么这样的结构仅能够通过锻造类型的热变形操作、并且在昂贵且特定的实施条件下获得。
因此，考虑到那些缺点，本申请人试图想出并找到有可能缓解那些各种问题的方案。
以完全独立地方式而与增材制造并无任何关系，申请人已经自1983年(即，自对应于上述美国专利的时期)开发了一种结合铸造和锻造技术的新概念，用于铸造和锻造具有铝或具有铝合金的零件。该技术公开在欧洲专利EP119365中，并且其实施铸造第一阶段，该阶段用于在模具中铸造具有铝或具有铝合金的零件，以便构建预制件，然后使所述预制件在较小尺寸的模具中经历锻造操作，而使获得要获得的最终形状(其具有该专利中指出的非常特殊的性能)成为可能。该“铸造与锻造”技术以“COBAPRESS”的商标出售并且现在在全球广泛使用。
自该时期，1983-1984年，即，在过去的三十年内，已经发现，为了弥补增材制造经历的上述缺点所提出的方案是冗长且昂贵的，并且没有找到用于获得双模态微观结构的方案，所述双模态微观结构在绝大多数由钛合金制成的飞机结构部件中是必要的。
面对针对增材制造要解决的问题，申请人发现在这样的制造中遇到的微孔的问题也存在于铸件的制造过程中。
发明内容
因此，申请人的方法聚焦于寻找由增材制造和由铸造与锻造技术构成的两种技术的预料不到的结合，尽管该两种技术自1983-1984年的时期就已经是已知的，但是它们似乎是不兼容的。
以完全预料不到的方式，并且在申请人进行的试验的基础上，实施两种技术的结合已似乎能够响应于和弥补增材制造中观察到的缺点。
根据本发明，已开发的方案在于通过以下方式获得金属合金零件或金属基质复合材料零件：增材制造以便形成预制件；以及然后在所述预制件为热的、半热的或冷的同时，在单个步骤中锻造所述预制件，所述锻造在两个模具之间实施，目的在于获得要获得的所述零件的最终形状。
因此，所获得的零件具有其最终形状，并且在去毛刺之后或没有去毛刺的情况下，除了功能区具有有限的耐力范围之外，具有适用的功能尺寸而无需额外的机械加工。
以完全预料不到的方式，该方法可以克服通过增材制造获得的零件发现的上述缺点和局限性。
锻造步骤(其在于使材料变形)利用增材结构的不同层的均匀粘结，使得将微孔再闭合和再粘结成为可能。这给予了改善的延展性和疲劳强度。
在两个抛光模具之间进行锻造的该步骤还使得能够大幅度降低表面粗糙度，从而使得改善疲劳强度和表面外观成为可能。
具体实施方式
已经进行的所述试验似乎是非常有前景的。自1983-1984年已知的两种技术中的任何一个都没有迹象暗示将它们结合，因为获得的预制件所处的状态不同，在“铸造与锻造”技术中是通过铸造获得预制件，然而在增材制造中是通过熔合(熔融在一起)或烧结连续的层来获得预制件。
在实施本发明的环境下，所述零件可以是金属合金(基于钢、铁、铝、镍铬铁合金、镍、钛、铬-钴等)零件或金属基质复合材料(钛-碳化钛、铝-氧化铝、铝-碳化硅等)零件。
本发明的用于锻造由增材制造获得的预制件的锻造的第二步骤可以以热的、半热的或冷的方式执行。可以任选地抛光模具。
模具锻造由增材制造获得的预制件的该技术还可以应用于具有非粘结的或部分固结的粉末区的预制件，随后在锻造步骤期间使所述粉末区变形和粘结。
锻造通过单轴模压或等压成型制造的粉末预制件已经是已知的方法。在本发明中使用的技术的新颖之处在于将粉末捕获于具有粘结的边缘的预制件之内。并非所有粉末都是粘结的事实使得在制造期间节省大量的循环时间成为可能。为了在增材制造期间烧结或熔融粉末，对于每个层，激光或电子束需要扫过零件的整个表面。最佳地，通过仅在预制件的外轮廓上执行粉末熔合，由此通过固体粘结的外壳将部分固结的或非固结的粉末捕获在其内部来构成预制件，预制件以填充有非粘结的粉末的固体外壳的形式获得。锻造该预制件使得能够获得最终零件或部件。对于由EBM制造的预制件来说，在热变形期间使粉末粘结是特别有效的，由于这样的制造在真空下进行，这使其可以捕获材料内部的任何气体。
由于没有粉末熔合的事实，该技术还提供获得具有细颗粒的微观结构的优点。在钛合金的增材制造期间已经发现在较低的层上的颗粒的外延生长。这样的生长产生具有相当粗糙的颗粒的微观结构，其不利于机械性能。在没有粉末熔合的情况下，微观结构的细度得到保持。因此，预制件的非粘结的区在最终的零件或部件上提供了具有非常细的微观结构的区，因为在锻造步骤期间粘结发生在固相中。不具有任何晶体织构的这样的细微结构非常有利于零件或部件的静态和循环机械性能。
实施本发明的以上强调的优点和预料不到的结果，在加工由增材制造获得的金属零件或金属基质复合物零件方面构成了重要进展。

Claims (5)

1.一种制造金属合金零件或金属基质复合材料零件的方法，所述方法在于：
-通过经由以连续的粉末层的方式添加材料的增材制造来制作预制件；以及
-使所述预制件经历锻造操作，所述锻造操作在单个步骤中并且在两个模具之间进行，目的在于获得要获得的所述零件的最终形状，
其特征在于，所述预制件含有这样的区，在所述区中，所述粉末不是粘结的或者是部分固结的，并且将所述粉末捕获于具有粘结的边缘的预制件之内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述金属合金零件具有基于以下的合金：铁、铝、镍、钛、铬或钴。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述复合材料零件具有钛-碳化钛合金、铝-氧化铝合金或铝-碳化硅合金。
4.根据权利要求1、2和3中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，以半热的或冷的或热的方式执行用于锻造通过增材制造获得的所述预制件的所述锻造操作。
5.通过实施根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的方法获得的零件或部件。
CN201580021564.6A 2014-04-29 2015-04-22 由增材制造随后锻造部件的操作制造金属制部件或金属基质复合物制部件的方法 Active CN106413946B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1453875 2014-04-29
FR1453875A FR3020291B1 (fr) 2014-04-29 2014-04-29 Procede de fabrication de pieces metalliques ou en composite a matrice metallique issues de fabrication additive suivie d'une operation de forgeage desdites pieces
PCT/FR2015/051087 WO2015166167A1 (fr) 2014-04-29 2015-04-22 Procédé de fabrication de pièces métalliques ou en composite a matrice métallique issues de fabrication additive suivie d'une opération de forgeage desdites pièces

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106413946A CN106413946A (zh) 2017-02-15
CN106413946B true CN106413946B (zh) 2020-01-03

Family

ID=51063683

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201580021564.6A Active CN106413946B (zh) 2014-04-29 2015-04-22 由增材制造随后锻造部件的操作制造金属制部件或金属基质复合物制部件的方法

Country Status (20)

Country Link
US (1) US20170043402A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3137242B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6644007B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR102378933B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN106413946B (zh)
AU (1) AU2015255150B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR112016024880B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2946793C (zh)
DK (1) DK3137242T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2668373T3 (zh)
FR (1) FR3020291B1 (zh)
HR (1) HRP20181007T1 (zh)
HU (1) HUE038181T2 (zh)
MX (1) MX380107B (zh)
PH (1) PH12016502077A1 (zh)
PL (1) PL3137242T3 (zh)
PT (1) PT3137242T (zh)
RS (1) RS57319B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2696108C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2015166167A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6646292B2 (ja) * 2015-05-18 2020-02-14 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 金属積層造形と塑性加工を複合した金属素材の製造方法
CN108472711A (zh) * 2016-01-14 2018-08-31 奥科宁克公司 用于产生增材制造产品的方法
DE102016206105A1 (de) * 2016-04-12 2017-10-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorprodukt für die Herstellung dreidimensionaler Werkstücke, die mittels heißisostatischem Pressen herstellbar sind, und ein Herstellungsverfahren
FR3058341A1 (fr) * 2016-11-10 2018-05-11 Saint Jean Industries Procede de fabrication de pieces selon une operation de fabrication additive suivie d'une operation de compaction isostatique a chaud
SG11201912219PA (en) 2017-06-20 2020-01-30 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Process for forming wrought structures using cold spray
WO2019074827A1 (en) * 2017-10-09 2019-04-18 Sciaky, Inc. ELECTRON BEAM ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM AND CONTROL COMPONENTS
EP3501726B1 (en) * 2017-12-20 2020-08-05 C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni A method for applying a reinforcement of metal material to a component of metal material, particularly in the construction of a motor-vehicle body or a sub-assembly thereof
DE102018102903A1 (de) 2018-02-09 2019-08-14 Otto Fuchs - Kommanditgesellschaft - Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Strukturbauteils aus einem hochfesten Legierungswerkstoff
CN108941557B (zh) * 2018-07-25 2020-10-16 广东大族粤铭激光集团股份有限公司 增等材复合成形设备及其成形方法
US11426818B2 (en) 2018-08-10 2022-08-30 The Research Foundation for the State University Additive manufacturing processes and additively manufactured products
CN109055878B (zh) * 2018-08-17 2019-04-23 成都登特牙科技术开发有限公司 一种适用于增材制造牙科钴铬合金支架的热处理工艺
EP3663878A1 (en) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method of designing an intermediate product, computer pro-gram product, method of additive manufacturing, method of manufacturing a component and a corresponding component
DK3690592T3 (da) 2019-01-30 2021-07-05 Siemens Schweiz Ag Reguleringsventil
CN109811164B (zh) * 2019-03-01 2020-10-16 中南大学 一种增材制造铝合金的制备方法
KR20210128002A (ko) 2019-03-08 2021-10-25 램 리써치 코포레이션 플라즈마 프로세싱 챔버를 위한 척
CN111001699B (zh) * 2019-12-26 2021-06-25 大连理工大学 采用3d打印和热气压胀形制造薄壁金属构件的方法
DE102020214700A1 (de) 2020-11-23 2022-05-25 MTU Aero Engines AG Verfahren zur herstellung eines bauteils aus einer tial – legierung und entsprechend hergestelltes bauteil
CN113695502B (zh) * 2021-07-08 2023-04-07 中国科学院金属研究所 一种多层金属冷变形构筑成形方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1546694A (zh) * 2003-11-28 2004-11-17 清华大学 激光合成制备金属间化合物及其颗粒增强复合材料的方法
CN1814380A (zh) * 2006-03-01 2006-08-09 苏州大学 一种激光变斑熔覆成型工艺及用于该工艺的同轴喷头
EP2112242A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-28 United Technologies Corporation Heat treatable L12 aluminium alloys
CN101885063A (zh) * 2010-08-09 2010-11-17 东莞理工学院 激光熔覆成型设备及一种金属零件的激光熔覆成型方法

Family Cites Families (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE790453A (fr) * 1971-10-26 1973-02-15 Brooks Reginald G Fabrication d'articles en metal
GB1472939A (en) * 1974-08-21 1977-05-11 Osprey Metals Ltd Method for making shaped articles from sprayed molten metal
US4069042A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-01-17 Aluminum Company Of America Method of pressing and forging metal powder
DE3373281D1 (en) 1983-03-14 1987-10-08 Serio Thomas Di Method of producing pieces of aluminium or aluminium alloy
US4575330A (en) 1984-08-08 1986-03-11 Uvp, Inc. Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography
JPS63194816A (ja) * 1987-02-06 1988-08-12 Mazda Motor Corp 複合部材の製造方法
US4859410A (en) * 1988-03-24 1989-08-22 General Motors Corporation Die-upset manufacture to produce high volume fractions of RE-Fe-B type magnetically aligned material
JPH01280623A (ja) * 1988-04-30 1989-11-10 Riken Corp ディーゼルエンジン用副燃焼室インサート及びその製造方法
JP2971068B2 (ja) * 1988-06-20 1999-11-02 住友重機械工業株式会社 オスプレイ法によるプリフォームの製造方法
JPH04143037A (ja) * 1990-10-05 1992-05-18 Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd ウイスカー強化アルミニウム合金の加工方法
US6060016A (en) * 1998-11-11 2000-05-09 Camco International, Inc. Pneumatic isostatic forging of sintered compacts
JP4080111B2 (ja) * 1999-07-26 2008-04-23 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 鍛造用アルミニウム合金製ビレットの製造方法
US6370956B1 (en) * 1999-12-03 2002-04-16 General Electric Company Titanium articles and structures for ultrasonic inspection methods and systems
US6932877B2 (en) * 2002-10-31 2005-08-23 General Electric Company Quasi-isothermal forging of a nickel-base superalloy
JP2005171299A (ja) * 2003-12-09 2005-06-30 Toyota Motor Corp 三次元造形物の製造方法
FR2882948B1 (fr) * 2005-03-14 2007-05-04 Forges De Bologne Soc Par Acti Procede ameliore de preparation de composites a matrice metallique et dispositif de mise en oeuvre d'un tel procede
EP1963038A4 (en) * 2005-12-20 2010-05-26 Sinvent As METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FASTENING IN LAYERS
JP4902280B2 (ja) * 2006-07-06 2012-03-21 株式会社神戸製鋼所 粉末鍛造部材、粉末鍛造用混合粉末および粉末鍛造部材の製造方法ならびにそれを用いた破断分割型コンロッド
CN101229585A (zh) * 2008-02-01 2008-07-30 王云阁 一种af1410超高强钢飞机平尾转轴的制造方法
US8512808B2 (en) * 2008-04-28 2013-08-20 The Boeing Company Built-up composite structures with a graded coefficient of thermal expansion for extreme environment applications
RU2450891C1 (ru) * 2010-12-16 2012-05-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) Способ спекания деталей лазерным послойным синтезом
US20130039799A1 (en) * 2011-08-10 2013-02-14 Summit Materials, Llc Method of Making Near-Net Shapes From Powdered Metals
US8506836B2 (en) * 2011-09-16 2013-08-13 Honeywell International Inc. Methods for manufacturing components from articles formed by additive-manufacturing processes
WO2015006447A1 (en) * 2013-07-10 2015-01-15 Alcoa Inc. Methods for producing forged products and other worked products
CN104858430A (zh) * 2014-02-25 2015-08-26 通用电气公司 三维零件的制造方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1546694A (zh) * 2003-11-28 2004-11-17 清华大学 激光合成制备金属间化合物及其颗粒增强复合材料的方法
CN1814380A (zh) * 2006-03-01 2006-08-09 苏州大学 一种激光变斑熔覆成型工艺及用于该工艺的同轴喷头
EP2112242A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-28 United Technologies Corporation Heat treatable L12 aluminium alloys
CN101885063A (zh) * 2010-08-09 2010-11-17 东莞理工学院 激光熔覆成型设备及一种金属零件的激光熔覆成型方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2017514697A (ja) 2017-06-08
PL3137242T3 (pl) 2018-07-31
KR20160147860A (ko) 2016-12-23
US20170043402A1 (en) 2017-02-16
MX2016013972A (es) 2017-01-11
MX380107B (es) 2025-03-11
HUE038181T2 (hu) 2018-10-29
FR3020291A1 (fr) 2015-10-30
PT3137242T (pt) 2018-04-20
DK3137242T3 (en) 2018-07-23
RU2016142183A3 (zh) 2018-10-10
BR112016024880A2 (pt) 2017-08-15
HRP20181007T1 (hr) 2018-08-24
AU2015255150B2 (en) 2018-11-08
CN106413946A (zh) 2017-02-15
PH12016502077B1 (en) 2016-12-19
EP3137242B1 (fr) 2018-04-11
PH12016502077A1 (en) 2016-12-19
ES2668373T3 (es) 2018-05-17
BR112016024880B1 (pt) 2021-03-30
EP3137242A1 (fr) 2017-03-08
CA2946793A1 (fr) 2015-11-05
RS57319B1 (sr) 2018-08-31
KR102378933B1 (ko) 2022-03-25
WO2015166167A1 (fr) 2015-11-05
AU2015255150A1 (en) 2016-11-17
CA2946793C (fr) 2021-10-12
RU2696108C2 (ru) 2019-07-31
FR3020291B1 (fr) 2017-04-21
RU2016142183A (ru) 2018-04-27
JP6644007B2 (ja) 2020-02-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106413946B (zh) 由增材制造随后锻造部件的操作制造金属制部件或金属基质复合物制部件的方法
Zhang et al. Additive manufacturing of metallic materials: a review
US10099290B2 (en) Hybrid additive manufacturing methods using hybrid additively manufactured features for hybrid components
Calignano et al. Influence of process parameters on surface roughness of aluminum parts produced by DMLS
CN108296715B (zh) 一种采用锻造和增材制造复合成形金属大型构件的方法
US20160279708A1 (en) Net-shape or near-net shape powder metal components and methods for producing the same
US20130039799A1 (en) Method of Making Near-Net Shapes From Powdered Metals
US20180221958A1 (en) Parts and methods for producing parts using hybrid additive manufacturing techniques
US20140349132A1 (en) Method for manufacturing a compact component, and component that can be produced by means of the method
JP2017514697A5 (zh)
Butt et al. Strength analysis of aluminium foil parts made by composite metal foil manufacturing
Dilip et al. Additive manufacturing with friction welding and friction deposition processes
CN110785246A (zh) 用于沉淀硬化的超合金粉末材料的增材制造技术
Froes et al. Additive Manufacturing for Aerospace Applications, Part I
US20220097139A1 (en) Method for the production of parts made from metal or metal matrix composite and resulting from additive manufacturing followed by an operation involving the forging of said parts
US20240058862A1 (en) Build materials having a powder mixture comprising graphene, methods of producing articles therefrom, and articles produced therewith
US20190016059A1 (en) Additive manufacturing methods and related components
WO2019099719A1 (en) Cobalt-chromium-aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same
EP4335568A1 (en) Build materials having a powder mixture comprising graphene, methods of producing articles therefrom, and articles produced therewith
Nguyen Functionally Magnetic Gradient Copper-Nickel Material Fabricated via Directed Energy Deposition
Ding Effects of Process Parameters on Microstructures and Properties of Inconel 718 Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting
Boyer et al. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS-PART I: Fabrication of aerospace components using additive manufacturing has matured to the point where part microstructures and mechanical properties compare well with those of conventionally produced material

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant