CN106399770A - Liquid die-forging technology for A357 aluminum alloy applied to commercial vehicle axle head - Google Patents
Liquid die-forging technology for A357 aluminum alloy applied to commercial vehicle axle head Download PDFInfo
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- CN106399770A CN106399770A CN201610932176.XA CN201610932176A CN106399770A CN 106399770 A CN106399770 A CN 106399770A CN 201610932176 A CN201610932176 A CN 201610932176A CN 106399770 A CN106399770 A CN 106399770A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015392 FeAl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035568 catharsis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid die-forging technology for A357 aluminum alloy applied to a commercial vehicle axle head. The liquid die-forging technology mainly comprises the following steps: alloy component optimization; smelting; melt purification; liquid die-forging forming; demoulding, trimming and punching; heat treatment strengthening; machining; and surface treatment. According the liquid die-forging technology, components of elements in the A357 alloy are optimized first, and then an appropriate amount of the rare earth elements Gd and Sm and the element Hf are added to prepare the commercial vehicle axle head in combination with the liquid die-forging technology. Through the optimization of the chemical components of the A357 aluminum alloy and a melt purification technique, the metallurgical structure of the alloy is improved, and internal defects such as shrinkage cavity, looseness, air hole and crack in the product are greatly eliminated. The appearance quality of the axle head product is obviously improved, the internal defects of the axle head product are obviously reduced, and the liquid die-forging technology provided by the invention has high production efficiency and a short process, is low in technology cost, saves energy, causes little environmental pollution, and has good economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to liquid forging field is and in particular to a kind of liquid of the A357 aluminium alloy being applied to commercial axle head
Contour forging technique method.
Background technology
Spindle nose is one of most important breaking piece on automobile, and spindle nose subjects automobile and the pressure of loading mass action,
By vehicle start, braking when dynamic torque acted on, turn in the process of moving also subject to automobile, concave-convex road surface, road surface
The irregular alternation stress that barrier impact etc. produces from outstanding dynamic load.The q＆r of spindle nose not only closes
It is tied to vehicle and the security of passengers inside the car's goods and materials, also affect the property such as vehicle stationarity under steam, maneuverability, comfortableness
Can, this requires spindle nose good dynamic balance, fatigue strength height, the rigidity having had and elasticity, size and dimension high precision, light weight
Deng aluminium spindle nose meets above-mentioned requirements with its good combination property, prominent in the performance of the aspects such as security, comfortableness and lightweight
Go out, won market favor.
Existing automobile axle is distinguished from material, is divided into steel spindle nose and aluminium alloy spindle nose.Moulding process is broadly divided into steel
Heat extrusion molding and aluminum alloy low-pressure casting process.Steel spindle nose weight is big, normally close to the twice of aluminium alloy spindle nose.Aluminium
Alloy spindle nose with light weight, rapid heat dissipation, attractive in appearance gradually favored by market, be also future thrust.Low pressure casting produces
Aluminium alloy spindle nose is that foundry goods crystallizes under pressure, is limited by process conditions, and product mechanical performance is general it is impossible to satisfaction is big
Loading demands.Because of itself process constraint, product easily forms shrinkage cavity and shrinkage defect to low pressure casting, gas hole defect, rough surface,
Because Automobile Part requires higher, the spindle nose that low-pressure casting process produces to security performance, its mechanical performance can only meet typically will
Ask, and room for promotion is little, can not meet large bearing capacity automotive needs, some high-end applications fields are restricted.
Liquid forging, is that one kind had both had casting characteristic, is similar to the emerging metal forming technology of solid die forging again.It is by
A certain amount of be directly poured in the die cavity scribbling lubricant by ingot metal liquid, and be continuously applied mechanical static pressure, using metal
When casting solidification shapes, easily flowing and FMT make the duricrust of solidification produce plastic deformation, so that metal is crystallized under stress solidifying
Consolidate and forcing to eliminate the shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity being formed because of solidification shrinkage, to obtain the liquid forging product of no casting flaw.
The Chinese patent of Publication No. CN 102689159A discloses the liquid mould of 6061 aluminium alloys different section large ring
Forging rolling combined shaping method, although the method meets production procedure to a certain extent short, technical scheme disclosed in it
In al alloy component is not optimized, according to disclosed in it technical scheme manufacture automobile axle still can not meet comprehensive
Mechanical property.
The Chinese patent of Publication No. CN 104131202A discloses the short route preparation side of 6061 aluminum alloy die forgings
Method, by chemical composition and the cleaning molten technology of optimized alloy, improves the structure of alloy, not only improves product
Presentation quality, also largely eliminates shrinkage cavity in product, the loose, internal flaw such as pore, crackle；But found by research
It still has certain defect, and the such as high croop property of its high temperature is bad, and product still has formation of crack etc., the automobile shafts produced
Head is still not enough in performance.
Rare earth element is considered as the metallographic structure that can significantly improve aluminium alloy, crystal grain thinning, removes gas in aluminium alloy
Body and objectionable impurities and pernicious gas, reducing the formation of crack of aluminium alloy, thus improving the intensity of aluminium alloy, improving processing characteristics,
Heat resistance, plasticity and the malleability of aluminium alloy can also be improved, improve hardness, increase intensity and toughness.
But also rare earth element is not applied to the liquid forging field of aluminium alloy in prior art.
Content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention on the basis of existing liquid forging process, working out one kind and be applied to
The liquid forging process method of the A357 aluminium alloy of commercial axle head.Chemical composition is optimized by rare earth element and optimizes cleaning molten
Technology, improve microstructure of the alloy structure；Change forging and stamping, the temperature field of heat treatment reinforcement and flow field, to the deformation temperature of aluminium alloy, shape
Become speed and deformation degree carries out comprehensive analysis and regulation and control, set up short route, integrated continuous liquid die forging process is forged in casting
Mathematical Modeling, develops the new technology of the relative complex aluminium alloy spindle nose of large scale, structure.
For achieving the above object, the present invention specifically provides following technical scheme：
The liquid forging process method of A357 aluminium alloy being applied to commercial axle head is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
（1）Alloying component optimizes：Optimize Mg/Si ratio and other alloying element ratios in A357 aluminium alloy, and control impurity
The mass content of element, wherein Si6.5～7.5 part；0.2 part of Fe ＜；0.2 part of Cu ＜；Mg0.5-0.7 part；Sr 0.01-0.02
Part；0.1～0.2 part of Ti；Al90～95 part, control other single impurity≤0.05 part in A357 aluminium alloy, add element
Gd0.1～0.8 part；Sm0.1～1 part；0.1～2.5 part of Hf, makees rotten and micronization processes with Sr and Ti；
（2）Melting；
（3）By step（2）Gained melt carries out degasification in stove with high-efficiency refining agent, slagging-off makes melt cleaning no miscellaneous；
（4）Liquid forging shaping is divided into 5 stages
First stage：Melt cast is to spindle nose mould：Pouring temperature is 680～690 DEG C, and mold preheating temperature is 280
～320 DEG C, single base accurate quantification cast；
Second stage：Quickly fill type：Matched moulds fills type pressing time for the 10-20 second, and pressure is just touched down by upper die punch
In mould, melt face is risen and is started change until 140-160bar, speed 1-2mm/s；
Phase III：Pressure maintaining period：Pressure is gradually decreased as 0 with pressing speed 0.1-0.3mm/s, pressure 180-
200bar, reaches dwell pressure, and the time delay 10-20 second is cooled down, second time 100-120；
Fourth stage：Die sinking：Lower mould push rod ejects workpiece upwards, and upper mould moves upwards with press slide, with lower mould
The same speed of push rod, eliminates product and is subject to upper/lower die tearing force；
5th stage：Feeding：Feeding is carried out using mechanism's fixture, puts on roller-way, proceed to lower sequence；
（5）Deburring, portal；
（6）Heat treatment reinforcement：Workpiece heat is kept 4～6h to 535 ± 5 DEG C of constant temperature, quenches under 30-80 DEG C of water temperature condition
Fire 60 seconds, carries out Ageing Treatment 3-5h under 160 ± 5 DEG C of temperature conditionss；
（7）Mechanical performance checks, size Surface Machining.
Preferably：Step（1）Alloying component is optimized for：Wherein Si7 part；0.1 part of Fe ＜；0.1 part of Cu ＜；Mg0.6 part；Sr
0.02 part；0.2 part of Ti；Al95 part, controls other single impurity≤0.04 part in A357 aluminium alloy, adds element Gd0.3
Part；Sm0.5 part；1 part of Hf,
Preferably, it is additionally included in line processing procedure in described step (3), the melt after purifying through efficient flux-refining is adopted again
With the online degasification of GBF method.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is：
（1）The present invention first passes through the composition optimizing each element in A357 alloy, then coordinates the appropriate rare earth element of interpolation
Gd, Sm, and element Hf, prepare automobile-used spindle nose in conjunction with liquid forging process, by the chemical composition of optimized alloy and molten
Body purification techniques, improves the structure of alloy, largely eliminates shrinkage cavity in product, loose, pore, crackle etc. internal
Defect.Spindle nose product appearance quality is obviously improved, and internal flaw significantly reduces, and production efficiency is high, and flow process is short, process costs are low,
Energy-conservation, low in the pollution of the environment, economic benefit and social benefit obvious.
（2）Rare earth element is added to the effect that can play microalloying in aluminium alloy, additionally, it and gas and the many such as hydrogen
Nonmetallic have stronger affinity, can generate the high compound of fusing point, therefore it has certain dehydrogenation, refining, catharsis；Due to
Its activity is extremely strong, and it optionally can adsorb on the crystal grain boundary grown up, and hinders the growth of crystal grain to realize crystal grain thinning
Effect.The addition of thulium Gd or Sm element can crystal grain thinning, put forward heavy alloyed yield strength, simultaneously in alloy
Generate stable granular Al2Gd or Al2Sm phase near crystal boundary, play the effect of precipitation strength, improve the room temperature tensile of alloy
Performance and high-temperature creep resistance, in addition, add Si can put forward heavy alloyed casting character；The addition of Hf can produce prolongs prismatic surface
The precipitated phase of growth, and this precipitated phase has excellent heat endurance at 300 DEG C, carries heavy alloyed creep-resistant property, Hf and Gd
Collective effect can form the orderly stacking provisions of a large amount of long periods, and this structure and Al matrix have symbiosis and epibiosis, can hinder dislocation
Basal slip, strengthens matrix, further increases the high-temperature creep resistance of alloy.Because, some rare earth elements and alloy
Some elements can clash the performance affecting alloy on the contrary, so the present invention passes through research and finds that Gd or Sm can be prevented effectively from this
One defect has good beneficial effect on the contrary.
On the other hand, the addition of rare earth element can also improve the casting character of aluminium alloy, this is because iron is aluminium alloy
In very harmful impurity, ten thousand/several iron just can form the Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys of Al+FeAl3, the crystalline structure of most of Copper component
All very thick, directly affect the mechanical performance of alloy, drop low-alloyed mobility, in addition Gd or Sm element is then permissible for the present invention
Change the existing forms of iron phase, improve the casting character of aluminium alloy.
（3）The spindle nose that the present invention is made using liquid forging method and the aluminium alloy spindle nose phase being manufactured using low pressure casting method
Mechanical performance is significantly improved ratio.Tensile strength increases by more than 42.5%, and yield strength increases by more than 116.7%, has no progeny and stretches
Long rate increases by more than 75%, and Brinell hardness increases by more than 61.7%.
Brief description
In order that the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are clearer, the present invention provides drawings described below：
The aluminium alloy commercialization axle head schematic diagram that Fig. 1 liquid forging method manufactures.
Specific embodiment
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.The experiment side of unreceipted actual conditions in embodiment
Method, generally according to normal condition or according to the condition proposed by manufacturer.
Describe in detail below taking manufacturer's axle head as a example：
The automobile-used spindle nose schematic diagram being produced is as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 1
（1）Alloying component optimizes：Optimize middle Mg/Si ratio and other alloying element ratios in A357 aluminium alloy, and control miscellaneous
The mass content of prime element, wherein Si7 part；0.1 part of Fe ＜；0.1 part of Cu ＜；Mg0.6 part；0.02 part of Sr；0.2 part of Ti；
Al95 part, controls other single impurity≤0.04 part in A357 aluminium alloy, adds element Gd0.3 part；Sm0.5 part；Hf1 part,
Make rotten and micronization processes with Sr and Ti；Need in this step strictly to grasp the addition of Gd, Sm, because add excessively not only will not
The performance improvement enabling aluminum alloy to, also can affect the normal use of aluminium alloy, or even cause scrapping of material；
（2）Melting；
（3）By step（2）Gained melt carries out degasification in stove with high-efficiency refining agent, slagging-off makes melt cleaning no miscellaneous；Remove
Impurity within molten aluminium alloy and gas, can further improve alloy purity, improve the structure of alloy, eliminate in product
Shrinkage cavity, the loose, internal flaw such as pore, crackle, the surface quality of lifting workpieces simultaneously；
（4）Liquid forging shaping is divided into 5 stages
First stage：Melt cast is to spindle nose mould：Pouring temperature is 685 DEG C, and mold preheating temperature is 285 DEG C, single
Base accurate quantification is poured into a mould；
Second stage：Quickly fill type：Matched moulds filled type pressing time for 20 seconds, and pressure has just been touched in lower mould by upper die punch
Melt face is risen and is started change until 160bar, speed 1mm/s；
Phase III：Pressure maintaining period：Pressure is gradually decreased as 0 with pressing speed 0.1mm/s, pressure 200bar, reach
Dwell pressure, time delay is cooled down for 10 seconds, 120 seconds time；Cooling procedure pressure keeps constant；
Fourth stage：Die sinking：Lower mould push rod ejects workpiece upwards, and upper mould moves upwards with press slide, with lower mould
The same speed of push rod, eliminates product and is subject to upper/lower die tearing force；
5th stage：Feeding：Feeding is carried out using mechanism's fixture, puts on roller-way, proceed to lower sequence；
By the control of each parameter, the crystalline quality of inside workpiece can be improved it is ensured that the workpiece that liquid forging process produces has
Stronger comprehensive mechanical property；
（5）Deburring, portal；
（6）Heat treatment reinforcement：Workpiece heat is kept 5h to 535 constant temperature, quenches 60 seconds under 50 DEG C of water temperature conditions,
Carry out Ageing Treatment 4h under 160 DEG C of temperature conditionss；I.e. first solution treatment artificial aging again, makes interior tissue be distributed more uniform,
Eliminate or reduce the microstress in workpiece after quenching and machining stress, prevent from deforming and ftracture, stabilizing tissue；First
Minute surface is obtained with precision turning, then carries out chromium-free deactivation protection；Improve the resistance to corrosion of workpiece；
（7）Mechanical performance checks, size Surface Machining.
Embodiment 2
（1）Alloying component optimizes：Optimize middle Mg/Si ratio and other alloying element ratios in A357 aluminium alloy, and control miscellaneous
The mass content of prime element, wherein Si6.5 part；0.2 part of Fe ＜；0.2 part of Cu ＜；Mg0.5 part；0.01 part of Sr；Ti0.15 part；
Al90 part, controls other single impurity≤0.05 part in A357 aluminium alloy, adds element Gd0.1 part；Sm0.1 part；Hf0.1
Part, make rotten and micronization processes with Sr and Ti；
（2）Melting；
（3）By step（2）Gained melt carries out degasification in stove with high-efficiency refining agent, slagging-off makes melt cleaning no miscellaneous；
（4）Liquid forging shaping is divided into 5 stages
First stage：Melt cast is to spindle nose mould：Pouring temperature is 680 DEG C, and mold preheating temperature is 320 DEG C, single
Base accurate quantification is poured into a mould；
Second stage：Quickly fill type：Matched moulds filled type pressing time for 10 seconds, and pressure has just been touched in lower mould by upper die punch
Melt face is risen and is started change until 150bar, speed 2mm/s；
Phase III：Pressure maintaining period：Pressure is gradually decreased as 0 with pressing speed 0.3mm/s, pressure 190bar, reach
Dwell pressure, time delay is cooled down for 20 seconds, 100 seconds time；Cooling procedure pressure keeps constant；
Fourth stage：Die sinking：Lower mould push rod ejects workpiece upwards, and upper mould moves upwards with press slide, with lower mould
The same speed of push rod, eliminates product and is subject to upper/lower die tearing force；
5th stage：Feeding：Feeding is carried out using mechanism's fixture, puts on roller-way, proceed to lower sequence；
（5）Deburring, portal；
(6) heat treatment reinforcement：Workpiece heat is kept 6h to 540 DEG C of constant temperature, quenches 60 seconds under 80 DEG C of water temperature conditions,
Carry out Ageing Treatment 5h under 165 DEG C of temperature conditionss；
（7）Mechanical performance checks, size Surface Machining.
Embodiment 3
（1）Alloying component optimizes：Optimize middle Mg/Si ratio and other alloying element ratios in A357 aluminium alloy, and control miscellaneous
The mass content of prime element, wherein Si7.5 part；0.15 part of Fe ＜；0.15 part of Cu ＜；Mg0.6 part；0.015 part of Sr；Ti 0.1
Part；Al93 part, controls other single impurity≤0.03 part in A357 aluminium alloy, adds element Gd0.5 part；Sm0.5 part；Hf 1
Part, make rotten and micronization processes with Sr and Ti；
（2）Melting；
（3）By step（2）Gained melt carries out degasification in stove with high-efficiency refining agent, slagging-off makes melt cleaning no miscellaneous；
（4）Liquid forging shaping is divided into 5 stages
First stage：Melt cast is to spindle nose mould：Pouring temperature is 680 DEG C, and mold preheating temperature is 280 DEG C, single
Base accurate quantification is poured into a mould；
Second stage：Quickly fill type：Matched moulds filled type pressing time for 15 seconds, and pressure has just been touched in lower mould by upper die punch
Melt face is risen and is started change until 160bar, speed 1.5mm/s；
Phase III：Pressure maintaining period：Pressure is gradually decreased as 0 with pressing speed 0.2mm/s, pressure 200bar, reach
Dwell pressure, time delay is cooled down for 15 seconds, 110 seconds time；Cooling procedure pressure keeps constant；
Fourth stage：Die sinking：Lower mould push rod ejects workpiece upwards, and upper mould moves upwards with press slide, with lower mould
The same speed of push rod, eliminates product and is subject to upper/lower die tearing force；
5th stage：Feeding：Feeding is carried out using mechanism's fixture, puts on roller-way, proceed to lower sequence；
（5）Deburring, portal；
(6) heat treatment reinforcement：Workpiece heat is kept 5h to 530 DEG C of constant temperature, quenches 60 seconds under 60 DEG C of water temperature conditions,
Carry out Ageing Treatment 4 under 155 DEG C of temperature conditionss；
（7）Mechanical performance checks, size Surface Machining.
Comparative example 1
Using the alloy designations of A356.2, wherein chemical element content is Si6.8-7.2%；Fe≤0.12%；Cu≤0.1%；
Mg0.35-0.45%；Sr0.01-0.02%；Other single impurity≤0.05% of Ti0.1-0.2%, make rotten with Sr and Ti and refine
Process；Cast using low-pressure casting process.
Comparative example 2
Difference with embodiment 1 is：Be added without element Gd, Sm, Hf, other with consistent described in embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
Difference with embodiment 1 is, addition element Gd5 mass parts, Sm 5 mass parts, Hf5 mass parts, other and enforcement
Consistent described in example 1.
The aluminium alloy spindle nose that embodiment 1～3 and comparative example 1～3 are produced carries out performance comparison, obtains as table 1
Shown data：
Table 1 aluminium alloy spindle nose performance comparison table
As seen from Table 1, the present invention first passes through the composition optimizing each element in A357 alloy, then coordinates interpolation appropriate
Rare earth Gd, Sm, and element Hf, prepare automobile-used spindle nose in conjunction with liquid forging process, by the chemistry of optimized alloy
Composition and cleaning molten technology, improve the structure of alloy, largely eliminate the shrinkage cavity in product, loose, pore, split
The internal flaws such as line.The spindle nose that the present invention is made using liquid forging method and the aluminium alloy spindle nose being manufactured using low pressure casting method
Compare, mechanical performance is significantly improved.Tensile strength increases by more than 42.5%, and yield strength increases by more than 116.7%, has no progeny
Percentage elongation increases by more than 75%, and Brinell hardness increases by more than 61.7%.And also embody addition rare earth element for conjunction from table 1
The facilitation of golden performance, is heavy to closing to this technique by the addition that comparative example 3 also demonstrates control rare earth element
Want.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above only in order to technical scheme to be described and unrestricted, although logical
Cross above preferred embodiment the present invention to be described in detail, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that can be
In form and various changes are made to it, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range in details.
Claims (3)
1. the liquid forging process method of A357 aluminium alloy being applied to commercial axle head is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
(1) alloying component optimization：Optimize Mg/Si ratio and other alloying element ratios in A357 aluminium alloy, and control impurity element
Mass content, wherein Si6.5～7.5 part；0.2 part of Fe ＜；0.2 part of Cu ＜；Mg0.5-0.7 part；Sr 0.01-0.02 part；Ti
0.1～0.2 part；Al90～95 part, control A357 aluminium alloy in other single impurity≤0.05 part, add element Gd0.1～
0.8 part；Sm0.1-1 part；0.1～2.5 part of Hf, makees rotten and micronization processes with Sr and Ti；
(2) melting；
(3) step (2) gained melt is carried out degasification in stove with high-efficiency refining agent, slagging-off makes melt cleaning no miscellaneous；
(4) liquid forging shaping is divided into 5 stages
First stage：Melt cast is to spindle nose mould：Pouring temperature is 680～690 DEG C, and mold preheating temperature is 280～320
DEG C, single base accurate quantification cast；
Second stage：Quickly fill type：Matched moulds fills type pressing time for the 10-20 second, and pressure has just been touched in lower mould by upper die punch
Melt face is risen and is started change until 140-160bar, speed 1-2mm/s；
Phase III：Pressure maintaining period：Pressure is gradually decreased as 0 with pressing speed 0.1-0.3mm/s, pressure 180-200bar,
Reach dwell pressure, the time delay 10-20 second is cooled down, second time 100-120；
Fourth stage：Die sinking：Lower mould push rod ejects workpiece upwards, and upper mould moves upwards with press slide, with lower mould push rod
Same speed, eliminates product and is subject to upper/lower die tearing force；
5th stage：Feeding：Feeding is carried out using mechanism's fixture, puts on roller-way, proceed to lower sequence；
(5) deburring, portal；
(6) heat treatment reinforcement：Workpiece heat is kept 4～6h to 535 ± 5 DEG C of constant temperature, quenching 60 under 30-80 DEG C of water temperature condition
Second, carry out Ageing Treatment 3-5h under 160 ± 5 DEG C of temperature conditionss；
(7) mechanical performance inspection, size Surface Machining.
2. it is applied to the liquid forging process method of the A357 aluminium alloy of commercial axle head according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Step (1) alloying component is optimized for：Wherein Si7 part；0.1 part of Fe ＜；0.1 part of Cu ＜；Mg0.6 part；0.02 part of Sr；Ti
0.2 part；Al95 part；Control other single impurity≤0.04 part in A357 aluminium alloy, add element Gd0.3 part；Sm0.5 part；
1 part of Hf.
3. it is applied to the liquid forging process method of the A357 aluminium alloy of commercial axle head according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：It is additionally included in line processing procedure, the melt after purifying through efficient flux-refining adopts GBF method online again in described step (3)
Degasification.
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