CN106386699B - Breeding method to reduce the absorption and enrichment of cadmium in manure by earthworms - Google Patents
Breeding method to reduce the absorption and enrichment of cadmium in manure by earthworms Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 title claims description 53
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- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 244000298697 Actinidia deliciosa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009436 Actinidia deliciosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000648 calcium alginate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/30—Rearing or breeding invertebrates
- A01K67/33—Earthworms
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及蚯蚓的养殖方法。更具体地说，本发明涉及降低蚯蚓对粪料中镉元素吸收富集的养殖方法。The invention relates to a breeding method for earthworms. More specifically, the invention relates to a culture method for reducing the uptake and enrichment of cadmium in manure by earthworms.
背景技术Background technique
蚯蚓的用途十分广泛，作为一种高级饲料。有一些鸟很喜欢吃蚯蚓，比如喜鹊、乌鸦等。有的地方还用蚯蚓来喂养鸡、鸭和猪等。根据初步实验表明，如果每只鸭每天喂1一3两蚯蚓，不但鸭子生长好，产蛋率也有所提高，而且平均每个蛋比不喂蚯蚓的鸭蛋重十至十六克。鱼类也喜欢吃蚯蚓，钓鱼的人常常用小的蚯蚓作为鱼饵。近年来，有些国家人工培养白虫科蚯蚓，给鱼种场作饲料。许多动物吃了蚯蚓都生长快，体质健壮，还可以减少疾病。当前养殖蚯蚓多采用牛粪、猪粪等粪便作为饲料来养殖，已有研究表明，利用粪便饲养蚯蚓将导致粪便中镉的迁移，累积在蚯蚓体内，当这些蚯蚓作为饲料时，镉随食物链逐级传递积累，最终伤害的是人类自己。因此研究有效的镉污染控制技术，确保农产品安全具有重要的现实意义。Earthworms are widely used as a high-grade feed. Some birds like to eat earthworms, such as magpies and crows. In some places, earthworms are also used to feed chickens, ducks and pigs. According to preliminary experiments, if each duck is fed with 1 to 3 taels of earthworms per day, not only the ducks will grow well, but also the egg production rate will increase, and the average egg will be 10 to 16 grams heavier than duck eggs that are not fed with earthworms. Fish also like to eat earthworms, and fishermen often use small earthworms as bait. In recent years, some countries have artificially cultivated white worms and used them as feed for fish farms. Many animals grow faster and have a strong body after eating earthworms, and can also reduce diseases. At present, most of the farmed earthworms use cow manure, pig manure and other manure as feed for breeding. Studies have shown that feeding earthworms with manure will lead to the migration of cadmium in manure and accumulate in the body of earthworms. When these earthworms are used as feed, cadmium gradually follows the food chain. Level transmission and accumulation, the ultimate harm is human beings themselves. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study effective cadmium pollution control technology to ensure the safety of agricultural products.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的一个目的是解决至少上述问题，并提供至少后面将说明的优点。It is an object of the present invention to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described later.
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种降低蚯蚓对粪料中镉元素吸收富集，同时防止蚯蚓种群退化、采收方便的养殖方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a culture method that reduces the absorption and enrichment of cadmium in manure by earthworms, prevents the degradation of earthworm populations, and is convenient for harvesting.
为了实现根据本发明的这些目的和其它优点，提供了一种降低蚯蚓对粪料中镉元素吸收富集的养殖方法，至少包括以下步骤：In order to realize these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a kind of culture method that reduces the absorption and enrichment of cadmium element in manure by earthworms is provided, at least comprising the following steps:
本发明至少包括以下有益效果：The present invention at least includes the following beneficial effects:
1、本养殖方法在粪料中混合麦饭石粉和硫酸锌能够降低蚯蚓对粪料中镉的吸收富集量，镉的降幅达到33.62％；1. In this breeding method, mixing medical stone powder and zinc sulfate in the manure can reduce the absorption and enrichment of cadmium in the manure by earthworms, and the reduction rate of cadmium reaches 33.62%;
2、现有技术的粪料在发酵后容易板结，在投放蚯蚓后需要经常翻腾，防止下层的粪料板结使蚯蚓缺氧死亡，并且发酵后的粪料更稀软，粪料的间隙被水占据，氧气含量较低，容易发生蚯蚓外逃，而腐殖土含有丰富的氨基酸、蛋白质、核酸、纤维等有机物质，增加海藻酸钙后能快速与粪料颗粒结合形成团粒，改良饲料结构，将饲料变得松软、透气，有效改善了蚯蚓因缺氧外逃甚至死亡的问题。2. The dung in the prior art is easy to harden after fermentation, and it needs to be tossed frequently after putting in earthworms to prevent the lower layer of dung from hardening and causing the earthworms to die due to hypoxia, and the fermented dung is thinner and softer, and the gaps between the dung are covered by water. Occupied, the oxygen content is low, and it is easy for earthworms to escape, while the humus soil is rich in organic substances such as amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, fibers, etc. After adding calcium alginate, it can quickly combine with manure particles to form pellets, improve the feed structure, and The feed becomes soft and breathable, effectively improving the problem of earthworms escaping or even dying due to lack of oxygen.
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现，部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will partly be embodied through the following descriptions, and partly will be understood by those skilled in the art through the study and practice of the present invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的蚯蚓养殖盒的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of earthworm breeding box of the present invention;
图2为本发明的蚯蚓养殖盒的俯视图。Fig. 2 is a top view of the earthworm breeding box of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the description.
需要说明的是，下述实施方案中所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法，所述试剂和材料，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径获得；在本实用新型的描述中，术语“横向”、“纵向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本实用新型和简化描述，并不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments, if no special instructions, are conventional methods, and the reagents and materials, if no special instructions, can be obtained from commercial sources; in the description of the utility model , the terms "landscape", "portrait", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" , "inner", "outer" and other indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply the referred devices or components Must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例，也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。此外，表示一个或多个实施例的方法、流程图或功能框图中的模块顺序在没有特别说明的情况下并非固定的指代任何特定顺序，也不构成对本发明的限制。Reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to a particular feature, structure or characteristic that can be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. "In one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not all refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. In addition, the order of modules in a method, flowchart or functional block diagram representing one or more embodiments does not necessarily refer to any specific order unless otherwise specified, nor does it constitute a limitation on the present invention.
本发明提供一种降低蚯蚓对粪料中镉元素吸收富集的养殖方法，至少包括以下步骤：将粪料发酵至中性；将麦饭石粉、腐殖土、硫酸锌和海藻酸钙按重量比30∶10∶3∶1制得调理剂；将所述粪料与所述调理剂按重量比为10-15∶1混合均匀，并调节含水率为75％，得到蚯蚓饲料；将所述蚯蚓饲料放置在蚯蚓养殖床中并投放蚯蚓种苗。The invention provides a breeding method for reducing the absorption and enrichment of cadmium in manure by earthworms, at least comprising the following steps: fermenting the manure to neutrality; mixing medical stone powder, humus, zinc sulfate and calcium alginate by weight Prepare the conditioner with a ratio of 30:10:3:1; mix the manure with the conditioner in a weight ratio of 10-15:1, and adjust the water content to 75% to obtain earthworm feed; The earthworm feed is placed in the earthworm breeding bed and the earthworm seedlings are put in.
蚯蚓中镉含量的测定方法为：将采收的100g蚯蚓使用蒸馏水清洗干净，转移至黑暗处饥饿48小时，待蚯蚓体内的食物和粪便完全排空，置换冷冻干燥，研磨后称量1.0000g样品加入50mL聚四氟乙烯坩埚，添加体积比为2∶1∶1的HF、HNO3和HClO4三酸溶液20mL，待溶液澄清透明后用2mol/L，HCl定容于50mL容量瓶中，采用火焰原子吸收光谱仪进行测定，最低镉含量为1毫克/千克，而采用常规方法喂食的蚯蚓平价镉含量为1.4毫克/千克。The determination method of cadmium content in earthworms is as follows: clean 100g of earthworms harvested with distilled water, transfer them to a dark place and starve for 48 hours, wait until the food and feces in the earthworms are completely emptied, replace and freeze-dry, weigh 1.0000g samples after grinding Add a 50mL polytetrafluoroethylene crucible, add 20mL of HF, HNO 3 and HClO 4 triacid solution with a volume ratio of 2:1:1, and after the solution is clear and transparent, use 2mol/L HCl to fix the volume in a 50mL volumetric flask. Flame atomic absorption spectrometer was used to measure the minimum cadmium content of 1 mg/kg, while the average cadmium content of earthworms fed by conventional methods was 1.4 mg/kg.
在另一个实施例中，还包括蚯蚓养殖床的制备：采用高度为10-20cm且底面有排水孔的基底盒体，叠放在所述基底盒体上的若干个高度为20cm且底面有直径为1mm的透气孔的蚯蚓养殖盒组成立体蚯蚓养殖床，所述基底盒体中填充圆润的河石，所述蚯蚓养殖盒中填充所述蚯蚓饲料，所述蚯蚓养殖盒1的两侧均设有螺旋型的钢丝软管2，所述钢丝软管2沿所述蚯蚓养殖盒的长度方向铺设，所述钢丝软管2与所述蚯蚓养殖盒1的侧壁和底板构成一截面为三角形的容纳空间，所述钢丝软管2上设有若干个通孔，两个所述钢丝软管分别与位于所述蚯蚓养殖盒外同侧的、可调节温度的水箱3连接。本蚯蚓养殖盒可以动态调节盒内的温度并且能够吸引成蚓到蚯蚓养殖盒的角落内生殖，方便收集蚓蛹和蚓粪。In another embodiment, it also includes the preparation of an earthworm breeding bed: adopting a base box body with a height of 10-20 cm and a drainage hole on the bottom surface, several heights stacked on the base box body are 20 cm and have a diameter on the bottom surface A three-dimensional earthworm breeding bed is formed by an earthworm breeding box with a vent hole of 1mm. Round river stones are filled in the base box, and the earthworm feed is filled in the earthworm breeding box. Both sides of the earthworm breeding box 1 are equipped with Spiral steel wire hose 2, the steel wire hose 2 is laid along the length direction of the earthworm breeding box, and the steel wire hose 2 and the side wall and bottom plate of the earthworm breeding box 1 form a triangular housing Space, the steel wire hose 2 is provided with several through holes, and the two steel wire hoses are respectively connected to the water tank 3 that is located on the same side outside the earthworm breeding box and can adjust the temperature. The earthworm breeding box can dynamically adjust the temperature inside the box and can attract adult worms to reproduce in the corners of the earthworm breeding box, so as to facilitate the collection of worm pupae and vermicompost.
在另一个实施例中，还包括蚯蚓的管理：在蚯蚓养殖盒中填入高度为10cm的蚯蚓饲料，将蚯蚓放置在蚯蚓养殖盒中，蚯蚓的投放量为1.5-2万条/m2，每隔一周填入高度为2-4cm的蚯蚓饲料，直至蚯蚓饲料的填满所述蚯蚓养殖盒，随后向两个水箱添加营养液并调节营养液的温度为23℃，打开与其连接的钢丝软管，以吸引蚯蚓在所述钢丝软管附近交配繁殖，持续7-9天；In another embodiment, it also includes the management of earthworms: fill the earthworm breeding box with a height of 10cm earthworm feed, earthworms are placed in the earthworm breeding box, and the amount of earthworms is 15,000-20,000/m2, every Fill the earthworm feed with a height of 2-4cm every other week until the earthworm feed fills the earthworm breeding box, then add nutrient solution to the two water tanks and adjust the temperature of the nutrient solution to 23°C, and open the steel wire hose connected to it , to attract earthworms to mate and breed near the steel wire hose for 7-9 days;
所述营养液的制备方法为：将30g百香果和30g雪莲果投入1kg开水中煮30分钟。The preparation method of the nutrient solution is as follows: 30 g of passion fruit and 30 g of yacon are put into 1 kg of boiling water and boiled for 30 minutes.
蚯蚓的最适存活温度为20-28℃，而对于交配期和产卵期的蚯蚓来说，23℃是最适温度，因此通过调节钢丝软内温度为23℃，诱使交配期和产卵期的蚯蚓向钢丝软管移动，并且百香果具有促进蚯蚓兴奋的作用，食用百香果汁的蚯蚓相较食用常规营养液的蚯蚓生的幼蚓成长速度更快、体积更大、皮肤更加红润，而雪莲果含有非常高的寡果糖，寡果糖能够促进蚯蚓清除肠道垃圾，提高钙、铁、锌等微量元素的吸收，而体内锌元素的吸收能抑制镉元素的吸收，进一步降低镉元素在蚯蚓体内的富集。The optimum survival temperature for earthworms is 20-28°C, and for earthworms during the mating and spawning periods, 23°C is the optimum temperature, so by adjusting the inner temperature of the steel wire to 23°C, it can induce mating and spawning periods. The earthworms at the early stage moved to the steel wire hose, and passion fruit has the effect of promoting the excitement of earthworms. Compared with the earthworms fed with conventional nutrient solution, the earthworms born to earthworms fed with conventional nutrient solution grew faster, had larger volumes, and had redder skin. Yacon contains very high fructooligosaccharides, which can promote earthworms to remove intestinal waste, improve the absorption of calcium, iron, zinc and other trace elements, and the absorption of zinc in the body can inhibit the absorption of cadmium, further reducing the cadmium in earthworms. enrichment in the body.
在另一个实施例中，还包括蚯蚓的采收：将15g猕猴桃和15g鱼腥草放入1kg开水中煮30分钟后冷却至室温，得到引诱剂，在首次投放蚯蚓5周后将所述引诱剂喷至海绵上放置在所述蚯蚓养殖盒中的顶部以引诱蚯蚓，采收时大部分成蚓都会被引诱剂吸引至上层，先将上层肥料挖出收集成蚓，再反挖下层把蚓粪收集取出，即完成蚯蚓的采收，每隔5周进行一次采收，采集后将原上层肥料放置于下层蚯蚓养殖盒中，依次类推。本发明人发现鱼腥草对成蚓有极强的吸引力，而对幼蚓的吸引力较小，这可能是由于鱼腥草中含有类似蚯蚓性激素的物质，采用本方法能够更好地将成蚓和幼蚓区分开。本采收方法可以防止蚯蚓种群退化。In another embodiment, it also includes the harvesting of earthworms: put 15g of kiwi fruit and 15g of Houttuynia cordata into 1kg of boiling water and boil for 30 minutes and then cool to room temperature to obtain an attractant. The agent is sprayed onto the sponge and placed on the top of the earthworm breeding box to attract earthworms. When harvesting, most of the adult worms will be attracted to the upper layer by the attractant. The excrement is collected and taken out, that is, the harvesting of earthworms is completed, and the harvesting is carried out every 5 weeks. After collection, the original upper layer of fertilizer is placed in the lower layer of earthworm breeding boxes, and so on. The inventors found that Houttuynia cordata has a strong attraction to adult worms, but less attractive to juvenile worms. This may be due to the fact that Houttuynia cordata contains substances similar to earthworm sex hormones. Adopting this method can better attract adult worms. Worms and larvae are distinguished. The harvesting method can prevent the degradation of the earthworm population.
在另一个实施例中，所述蚯蚓养殖盒中设置若干个螺旋形的搅拌棒，所述搅拌棒与电机连接，所述搅拌棒与所述钢丝软管互不干涉。在采收完毕、各蚯蚓养殖盒归位后，打开搅拌棒，将土壤搅拌一定时间，使上层土壤和下层土壤充分混合，也使原有处于上层的幼蚓和下层的幼蚓充分混合，防止种族退化。In another embodiment, several spiral stirring rods are arranged in the earthworm breeding box, and the stirring rods are connected with a motor, and the stirring rods and the steel wire hose do not interfere with each other. After the harvesting is completed and each earthworm breeding box returns to its original position, the stirring bar is opened and the soil is stirred for a certain period of time to fully mix the upper layer of soil and the lower layer of soil, and also fully mix the original larvae in the upper layer with the larvae in the lower layer to prevent racial degradation.
在另一个实施例中，所述蚯蚓养殖床放置在靠近水源、排水方便、通风安静的地段。In another embodiment, the earthworm breeding bed is placed near water sources, with convenient drainage and quiet ventilation.
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。Although the embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the use listed in the specification and implementation, it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, and it can be easily understood by those skilled in the art Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.
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| CN101069497A (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2007-11-14 | 李金穗 | Fly maggot, earthworm ecological efficient circulation culturing method and culturing apparatus therefor |
| CN101692801A (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2010-04-14 | 浙江大学 | Adjusting and controlling method for lowering absorption and concentration of heavy metals of Cu and Zn in pig manure by earthworms |
| CN104026077A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-09-10 | 辽宁华电环保科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating earthworms |
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