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CN106011778B - 一种单原子层沉积技术生长含Ni薄膜的方法 - Google Patents

一种单原子层沉积技术生长含Ni薄膜的方法 Download PDF

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CN106011778B
CN106011778B CN201610424181.XA CN201610424181A CN106011778B CN 106011778 B CN106011778 B CN 106011778B CN 201610424181 A CN201610424181 A CN 201610424181A CN 106011778 B CN106011778 B CN 106011778B
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CN106011778A (zh
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丁玉强
杜立永
张羽翔
赵超
项金娟
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Institute of Microelectronics of CAS
Jiangnan University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种单原子层沉积技术生长含Ni薄膜的方法,包括以下步骤:A)将衬底置于反应腔中,在真空条件下,以脉冲形式向反应腔中通入气相Ni源进行沉积,得到沉积有Ni源的衬底,所述Ni源包括具有式I所示结构的化合物;B)将气相还原剂以脉冲形式通入反应腔,对沉积在衬底上的Ni源进行还原,得到沉积有Ni薄膜的衬底。本发明采用了具有式I结构的Ni源,将其应用在单原子层沉积技术(ALD)中,使得能够在纳米级的半导体器件上沉积形成保型性较好的含Ni沉积层。并且,采用本发明中的方法制得的Ni膜电阻率更低,实验结果表明,本发明制得的Ni薄膜电阻率在13~24μΩ·cm。

Description

一种单原子层沉积技术生长含Ni薄膜的方法
技术领域
本发明属于半导体制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种单原子层沉积技术生长含Ni薄膜的方法。
背景技术
Ni金属硅化物作为接触材料在CMOS(互补金属氧化物半导体)器件源漏技术中获得广泛应用。作为接触金属,Ni硅化物(Ni-silicide)具有电阻率低,连续、均匀等突出优点。传统的Ni硅化物都是采用PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition,物理气相沉积)技术淀积一层Ni金属,再通过热退火使Ni与硅反应生成硅化物。
由于微电子和深亚微米芯片技术的发展要求器件和材料的尺寸不断降低,而器件中的高宽比不断增加,这样所使用材料的厚度降低至几个纳米数量级。当CMOS器件尺寸持续微缩到16/14纳米及其以下技术节点,硅化物技术有了很大改进,将采用后硅化物接触技术。具体地说,就是先形成接触孔或接触沟槽,再在孔或沟槽中淀积金属的办法,该技术只在接触底部形成硅化物。在这种情况下,传统的PVD方法沉积Ni形成金属硅化物已不能满足需求。特别是当源漏区的硅材料为Fin或纳米线的时候,PVD方法沉积形成的Ni硅化物沉积层很难成型。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种单原子层沉积技术生长金属Ni的方法,本发明中的方法能够在纳米级的半导体器件上沉积形成含Ni沉积层。
本发明提供一种单原子层沉积技术生长含Ni薄膜的方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将半导体衬底置于反应腔中,在真空条件下,以脉冲形式向反应腔中通入气相Ni源进行沉积,得到沉积有Ni源的衬底,所述Ni源包括具有式I所示结构的化合物:
B)将气相还原剂以脉冲形式通入反应腔,对沉积在衬底上的Ni源进行还原,得到沉积有含Ni薄膜的衬底。
优选的,所述步骤A)中以脉冲形式向反应腔中通入气相Ni源的单个脉冲的持续时间为0.05~20s。
优选的,所述步骤A)中两个脉冲之间的间隔时间为0.5~30s。
优选的,所述步骤A)中的沉积的温度为125~400℃。
优选的,所述气相Ni源在载气存在条件下以脉冲形式通入;
所述载气的流量为10~200sccm。
优选的,所述步骤B)中气相还原剂包括H2、NH3、B2H6、单烷基硼烷、氨基硼烷、醇类、肼类、烷基铝、氨基铝烷类和烷基锌中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述步骤B)中将气相还原剂以脉冲形式通入反应腔的单个脉冲的持续时间为0.01~20s。
优选的,所述步骤B)中两个脉冲之间的间隔时间为0.5~30s。
优选的,所述步骤B)中气相还原剂在载气存在的条件下以气相脉冲形式通入;
所述载气的流量为10~200sccm。
优选的,所述半导体衬底包括硅、氧化硅、氮化硅、TaN和蓝宝石中的一种或几种。
本发明提供了一种单原子层沉积技术生长含Ni薄膜的方法,包括以下步骤:A)将衬底置于反应腔中,在真空条件下,以脉冲形式向反应腔中通入气相Ni源进行沉积,得到沉积有Ni源的衬底,所述Ni源包括具有式I所示结构的化合物;B)将气相还原剂以脉冲形式通入反应腔,对沉积在衬底上的Ni源进行还原,得到沉积有Ni薄膜的衬底。本发明采用了具有式I结构的Ni源,将其应用在单原子层沉积技术(ALD)中,使得能够在纳米级的半导体器件上沉积形成保型性较好的含Ni沉积层。该Ni源(Ni(acac)2(TMEDA))的挥发性好、热分解温度高、并且成本低,因此能够适用于较高温度的单原子层沉积(ALD)过程,制得保型性较好的含Ni沉积层。并且,采用本发明中的方法制得的Ni膜电阻率更低,实验结果表明,本发明制得的Ni薄膜电阻率在13~24μΩ·cm。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)、NiCp2与Ni(acac)2的热分解图;
图2为本发明实施例1中的Ni薄膜的SEM图片。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种单原子层沉积技术生长含Ni薄膜的方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将衬底置于反应腔中,在真空条件下,以脉冲形式向反应腔中通入气相Ni源进行沉积,得到沉积有Ni源的衬底,所述Ni源包括具有式I所示结构的化合物:
B)将气相还原剂以脉冲形式通入反应腔,对沉积在衬底上的Ni源进行还原,得到沉积有含Ni薄膜的衬底。
本发明将衬底置于反应腔中,在真空条件下,以脉冲形式向反应腔中通入气相Ni源进行沉积,得到沉积有Ni源的衬底,本发明优选先将所述需要沉积含Ni薄膜的衬底进行清洗,得到预处理的衬底。在本发明中,优选使用工业界标准清洗,如,使用SPM(H2SO4/H2O2)溶液去除衬底表面的有机沾污,使用APM(NH4OH/H2O2)溶液去除衬底表面的颗粒沾污,采用稀释的HF溶液漂洗去除衬底表面的自然氧化层。在实际应用中,不限于此种清洗方法,也可视实际应用使用其它清洗方法,如丙酮-异丙醇清洗等。
得到预处理的衬底后,本发明优选将预处理的衬底放入原子层沉积设备的传片腔并抽真空,实现沉积所需的真空环境,达到要求的真空度后,再传入反应腔,以避免空气中的水氧扩散至反应腔影响金属膜的生长。为了进一步的保证原子层沉积设备中各管路及腔体内无水氧残留,在放置衬底前,本发明优选对原子层沉积设备的管路及反应腔体进行抽空或预长膜处理。
在本发明中,衬底优选包括硅、氧化硅、氮化硅、TaN和蓝宝石中的一种或几种;所述气相Ni源包括具有式I所示结构的化合物,该化合物化学式为:Ni(acac)2(TMEDA),本发明对具有式I所示结构的Ni源化合物的来源没有特殊的限制,可以按照参考文献Journalof Organometailic Chemistry,355(1988)525-532.进行合成。
本发明优选对所述Ni源进行加热,使之气化,得到气相Ni源,所述对Ni源加热的温度优选为25~200℃,更优选为50~180℃,具体的,可以是90℃、120℃、150℃或180℃。
Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)较常用Ni源如二茂镍NiCp2与乙酰丙酮镍Ni(acac)2,具有如下优势:
(1)挥发性与NiCp2相仿但明显优于Ni(acac)2,且成本要远低于NiCp2
(2)热分解温度远高于Ni(acac)2,参见图1,图1为Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)、NiCp2与Ni(acac)2的热分解图。由图1可以看出,Ni(acac)2在120℃发生分解,NiCp2在172℃开始分解,而本申请中的Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)热分解温度大于300℃(经测试,300℃下Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)未发生分解);因此Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)能够适用于较高温度的ALD过程。
(3)对空气湿度敏感程度低,易于存储及运输。
在本发明中,所述气相Ni源的单个脉冲的持续时间优选为0.05~20s,更优选为1~18s,最优选为3~15s,具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以是1s、5s、8s、12s或16s;所述气相Ni源两个脉冲之间的间隔时间优选为0.5~30s,更优选为1~25s,最优选为5~20s,具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以是5s、10s、15s、20s或25s;所述沉积的温度优选为125~400℃,更优选为150~350℃,最优选为200~300℃,具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以是150℃、200℃、250℃、300℃或350℃;所述气相Ni源的的载气优选为高纯氮气或高纯氩气,所述载气的流量优选为10~200sccm,更优选为20~160sccm,最优选为60~120sccm,具体的,可以是20sccm、90sccm、120sccm、160sccm或60sccm。
完成一次Ni源的沉积后,本发明优选采用高纯氮气或高纯氩气对反应腔体进行吹扫清洗,清洗的时间优选为5~50s,更优选为10~45s,最优选为15~40s。
然后,本发明将气相还原剂以相脉冲形式通入反应腔内,对沉积在衬底上的Ni源进行还原,得到沉积有含Ni薄膜的衬底,在本发明中,所述还原剂优选包括H2、NH3、B2H6、单烷基硼烷、氨基硼烷、醇类、肼类、烷基铝、氨基铝烷类和烷基锌中的一种或几种,更优选包括H2、NH3、B2H6、单烷基硼烷(R1BH2或R1R2BH)、氨基硼烷(R1R2HN·BH3或R1R2R3N·BH3)、醇类(R1OH)、肼类(R1NHNH2或N2H4)、烷基铝(AlR1R2R3)、氨基铝烷类(R1R2R3N·AlH3)和烷基锌(ZnR1R2)中的一种或几种其中R1,R2,R3为C1~C10烃基,且三者可以相同也可以不同,不同物质中的R1可以相同也可以不同,如R1OH和R1NHNH2中的R1可以相同也可以不同。具体的,在本发明的实施例中,还原剂可采用N2H4、Me2NH·BH3、CH3OH、AlMe3或ZnEt2。本发明优选将所述还原剂加热,使之气化,形成气态的还原剂。所述加热还原剂的温度优选为25~150℃,更优选为40~140℃,具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以是60℃、90℃、25℃或85℃。
在本发明中,所述通入还原剂的单个脉冲的持续时间优选为0.01~20s,更优选为1~15s,更优选为5~10s,具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以是10s、1s、20s、15s或5s;所述通入还原剂两个脉冲之间的间隔时间优选为0.5~30s,更优选为1~25s,最优选为5~20s,具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以是15s、5s、10s、25s或20s。所述气相还原剂的载气优选为高纯氮气或高纯氩气,所述载气的流量优选为10~200sccm,更优选为20~160sccm,最优选为60~120sccm。
完成一次还原后,本发明优选采用高纯氮气或高纯氩气对反应腔体进行吹扫清洗,所述清洗的时间优选为5~50s,更优选为10~45s,最优选为15~40s。
本发明优选重复上述气相Ni源沉积-吹扫清洗-气相还原剂还原-吹扫清洗这一过程,重复循环的次数视实际需求而定,在本发明中,所述循环的次数优选为300~4500次,更优选为1000~3000次,具体的,在本发明的实施例中,可以是300次、1000次、1500次、3000次或4500次。
本发明中的方法,不仅适用于单独使用具有式I结构的化合物Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)为Ni源前驱体原料制备金属Ni薄膜材料,还能够将其与其他物质搭配用于Ni的氧化物、Ni的氮化物或者Ni合金薄膜的生长。
本发明提供的单原子层沉积技术(ALD)生长含有Ni薄膜的方法具有以下优点:
(1)Ni源前驱体Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)的挥发性与NiCp2相仿但明显优于Ni(acac)2,且成本要远低于NiCp2;热分解温度远高于Ni(acac)2,因此Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)能够适用于较高温度的ALD过程;对空气湿度敏感程度低,易于存储及运输。
(2)Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)能够与多种液态还原剂进行成膜,相对于现有报道的H2或者NH3更方便、更安全;
(3)所制备得到的Ni膜电阻率更低;
(4)对多种衬底如硅、氧化硅、氮化硅、TaN、蓝宝石等均表现出兼容性。
为了进一步说明本发明,以下结合实施例对本发明提供的一种单原子层沉积技术生长含Ni薄膜的方法进行详细描述,但不能将其理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
一种以Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)为Ni源,以N2H4为还原剂的Ni薄膜原子层沉积方法,包括以下过程:
1)以Si为衬底,沉积温度为250℃,Ni源Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)的加热温度为90℃,使之气化,以高纯氮气为载气,通入气相Ni源Ni(acac)2(TMEDA),载气流量为20sccm。脉冲时间为12s,等待时间为10s;
2)完成一个脉冲后使用高纯氮气进行清洗,清洗时间为25s;
3)还原剂N2H4加热温度为60℃,使之气化,以高纯氮气为载气,载气流量为60sccm,以脉冲形式通入N2H4。脉冲时间为5s,等待时间为15s;
4)完成一个还原剂脉冲后采用高纯氮气进行清洗,清洗时间为15s。
将上述1)~4)步骤重复循环300次,所得Ni薄膜厚度为9nm,采用四探针法测试电阻率为24μΩ·cm。
本发明对本实施例得到的Ni薄膜进行扫描电镜测试,结果如图2所示,图2为本发明实施例1中的Ni薄膜的SEM图片,由图2可以看出,本实施例得到的Ni薄膜的保型性较好。
实施例2
一种以Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)为Ni源,以Me2NH·BH3为还原剂的Ni薄膜原子层沉积方法,包括以下过程:
1)以SiO2为衬底,沉积温度为300℃,Ni源Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)的加热温度为150℃,使之气化,以高纯氩气为载气,通入气相Ni源Ni(acac)2(TMEDA),载气流量为90sccm。脉冲时间为5s,等待时间为20s;
2)完成一个脉冲后使用高纯氩气进行清洗,清洗时间为45s;
3)还原剂Me2NH·BH3加热温度为90℃,使之气化,以高纯氩气为载气,载气流量为10sccm,以脉冲形式通入Me2NH·BH3。脉冲时间为15s,等待时间为5s;
4)完成一个还原剂脉冲后采用高纯氮气进行清洗,清洗时间为35s。
将上述1)~4)步骤重复循环1000次,所得Ni薄膜厚度为17nm,采用四探针法测试电阻率为15μΩ·cm。
实施例3
一种以Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)为Ni源,以CH3OH为还原剂的Ni薄膜原子层沉积方法,包括以下过程:
1)以氮化硅为衬底,沉积温度为350℃,Ni源Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)的加热温度为120℃,使之气化,以高纯氩气为载气,通入气相Ni源Ni(acac)2(TMEDA),载气流量为120sccm。脉冲时间为8s,等待时间为5s;
2)完成一个脉冲后使用高纯氩气进行清洗,清洗时间为15s;
3)还原剂CH3OH加热温度为25℃,使之气化,以高纯氩气为载气,载气流量为160sccm,以脉冲形式通入CH3OH。脉冲时间为20s,等待时间为10s;
4)完成一个还原剂脉冲后采用高纯氮气进行清洗,清洗时间为5s。
将上述1)~4)步骤重复循环3000次,所得Ni薄膜厚度为19nm,采用四探针法测试电阻率为13μΩ·cm。
实施例4
一种以Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)为Ni源,以AlMe3为还原剂的Ni薄膜原子层沉积方法,包括以下过程:
1)以蓝宝石为衬底,沉积温度为150℃,Ni源Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)的加热温度为60℃,使之气化,以高纯氮气为载气,通入气相Ni源Ni(acac)2(TMEDA),载气流量为160sccm。脉冲时间为16s,等待时间为25s;
2)完成一个脉冲后使用高纯氮气进行清洗,清洗时间为10s;
3)还原剂AlMe3加热温度为60℃,使之气化,以高纯氮气为载气,载气流量为120sccm,以脉冲形式通入AlMe3。脉冲时间为1s,等待时间为25s;
4)完成一个还原剂脉冲后采用高纯氮气进行清洗,清洗时间为45s。
将上述1)~4)步骤重复循环4500次,所得Ni薄膜厚度为20nm,采用四探针法测试电阻率为19μΩ·cm。
实施例5
一种以Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)为Ni源,以ZnEt2为还原剂的Ni薄膜原子层沉积方法,包括以下过程:
1)以TaN为衬底,沉积温度为200℃,Ni源Ni(acac)2(TMEDA)的加热温度为180℃,使之气化,以高纯氮气为载气,通入气相Ni源Ni(acac)2(TMEDA),载气流量为60sccm。脉冲时间为1s,等待时间为15s;
2)完成一个脉冲后使用高纯氮气进行清洗,清洗时间为35s;
3)还原剂ZnEt2加热温度为85℃,使之气化,以高纯氮气为载气,载气流量为90sccm,以脉冲形式通入ZnEt2。脉冲时间为10s,等待时间为20s;
4)完成一个还原剂脉冲后采用高纯氮气进行清洗,清洗时间为25s。
将上述1)~4)步骤重复循环1500次,所得Ni薄膜厚度为16nm,采用四探针法测试电阻率为14μΩ·cm。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种单原子层沉积技术生长含Ni薄膜的方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将半导体衬底置于反应腔中,在真空条件下,以脉冲形式向反应腔中通入气相Ni源进行沉积,得到沉积有Ni源的衬底,所述Ni源包括具有式1 所示结构的化合物:
B)将气相还原剂以脉冲形式通入反应腔,对沉积在衬底上的Ni源进行还原,得到沉积有含Ni薄膜的衬底。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A)中以脉冲形式向反应腔中通入气相Ni源的单个脉冲的持续时间为0.05~20s。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A)中两个脉冲之间的间隔时间为0.5~30s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A)中的沉积的温度为125~400℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述气相Ni源在载气存在条件下以脉冲形式通入;
所述载气的流量为10~200sccm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤B)中气相还原剂包括H2、NH3、B2H6、单烷基硼烷、氨基硼烷、醇类、肼类、烷基铝、氨基铝烷类和烷基锌中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤B)中将气相还原剂以脉冲形式通入反应腔的单个脉冲的持续时间为0.01~20s。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤B)中两个脉冲之间的间隔时间为0.5~30s。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤B)中气相还原剂在载气存在的条件下以气相脉冲形式通入;
所述载气的流量为10~200sccm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述半导体衬底包括硅、氧化硅、氮化硅、TaN和蓝宝石中的一种或几种。
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