CN106008951B - 一种利用环氧大豆油制备生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用环氧大豆油制备生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用环氧大豆油制备生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法。该聚醚多元醇是由以下重量份数的原料制成：环氧大豆油5‑30；小分子二元醇或醇胺1‑10；碱性催化剂0.5‑2.0；环氧烷烃40‑60；磷酸二酯1‑5。环氧大豆油与小分子二元醇或醇胺在碱性催化剂的存在下进行开环反应，得到多羟基大豆油；多羟基大豆油与环氧烷烃反应，得到高官能度的大豆油基聚醚多元醇；大豆油基聚醚多元醇的部分羟基与磷酸二酯反应，得反应型生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇。本发明简单易行，采用该阻燃聚醚多元醇制备的聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有良好的阻燃效果，泡沫质量好，对环境和生态的影响小。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机高分子化合物的制备方法，具体地说是一种利用环氧大豆油制备生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法。
背景技术
阻燃聚醚多元醇按其阻燃方式可分为两类：添加型阻燃聚醚多元醇和反应型阻燃聚醚多元醇。添加型阻燃聚醚多元醇通过向聚醚多元醇中添加无机或有机阻燃剂达到阻燃目的。但添加的这些阻燃剂通常存在易迁移、阻燃效果不持久和破坏泡沫物理性能等缺点。反应型阻燃聚醚多元醇的特点是多元醇分子主链或侧链上键合有阻燃基团，对其泡沫制品的物性影响小，且阻燃效率高。
生物基多元醇能够与异氰酸酯反应生产聚氨酯，是石油基多元醇良好的替代资源。用生物基多元醇生产的聚氨酯材料，生物降解速度快，对环境和生态的影响较小。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用环氧大豆油制备反应型生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法。采用该阻燃聚醚制备的聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有优良的阻燃效果和较快的生物降解速度，对环境和生态的影响较小。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种利用环氧大豆油制备生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法，其特征在于，该聚醚多元醇是由以下重量份数的原料制成：环氧大豆油5-30；小分子二元醇或醇胺1-10；碱性催化剂0.5-2.0；环氧烷烃40-60；磷酸二酯1-5；包括以下步骤：
1). 环氧大豆油与小分子二元醇或醇胺在碱性催化剂的存在下进行开环反应，得到多羟基大豆油；
2). 多羟基大豆油与环氧烷烃反应，得到高官能度的大豆油基聚醚多元醇；
3).大豆油基聚醚多元醇的部分羟基与磷酸二酯反应，得反应型生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇。
本发明中步骤1）中，开环反应温度控制在80-150 ℃，反应6小时，得到多羟基大豆油。步骤2）中，在100-130 ℃，下通入环氧丙烷，环氧丙烷投加结束后，在100-130 ℃，温度下搅拌3-6小时，使体系充分反应，得高官能度的大豆油基聚醚多元醇。步骤3）中，60-90 ℃下反应4-6小时，过滤后得反应型生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇。
所述的小分子二元醇或醇胺包括但不限于乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、丁二醇、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺等；碱性催化剂包括但不限于氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠；环氧烷烃为环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷或环氧丁烷；磷酸二酯包括但不限于磷酸二甲酯、磷酸二乙酯及磷酸二丙酯。
本发明简单易行，制备的阻燃聚醚多元醇分子上含有P元素，相对含卤素的阻燃剂来说，更加绿色环保。用其制备的聚氨酯泡沫质量好，阻燃效果明显且生物降解速度快，对环境和生态的影响较小。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但各实施例均不是对本发明的具体限制。
实施例1
一种利用环氧大豆油制备生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法，向反应釜中加入环氧大豆油1000 g，乙二醇200 g, 氢氧化钾 4.0 g，温度控制在80-150 ℃，反应6小时，得到多羟基大豆油。然后在110℃下通入环氧丙烷，环氧丙烷投加结束后，在110℃温度下搅拌3小时，使体系充分反应，得高官能度的大豆油基聚醚多元醇。最后向反应釜中投入1.0 g三苯基膦和100 g 磷酸二乙酯，80 ℃下反应5小时，过滤，即得。
实施例2
又一种生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的制备方法，以氢氧化钠为催化剂，100-160 ℃下，环氧大豆油(1000 g)与丙二醇(300 g)反应5小时，得多羟基大豆油。再在120℃下通入环氧乙烷，搅拌反应4小时，得高官能度的大豆油基聚醚多元醇。最后向反应体系中投入1.0 g三苯基膦和120 g 磷酸二甲酯，70 ℃下反应6小时。
实施例3
环氧大豆油(1000 g)与乙醇胺(150 g)在甲醇钠(2.0 g)的催化下反应4小时，得多胺基多羟基大豆油。补加氢氧化钾2.0 g后，向反应体系中通入环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的混合物(环氧乙烷:环氧丙烷 = 7:3,v/v)，控制温度在100-130 ℃，反应3-6小时。然后降温至60-90 ℃，投入三苯基膦1.0 g和磷酸二甲酯150 g,继续反应4-6小时，过滤后得生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇。
实施例4
一种上述制备方法制得的阻燃聚醚多元醇的应用。取聚氨酯泡沫用聚醚多元醇100份，硅油2份，N,N-二甲基环己胺0.15份, N,N'-二乙基-2-甲基哌嗪催化剂0.05份，水3份，异氰酸酯110份，高速搅拌混合后发泡制得聚氨酯泡沫制品。
Claims (5)
1.一种利用环氧大豆油制备生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法，其特征在于，该聚醚多元醇是由以下重量份数的原料制成：环氧大豆油5-30；小分子二元醇或醇胺1-10；碱性催化剂0.5-2.0；环氧烷烃40-60；磷酸二酯1-5；包括以下步骤：
1)环氧大豆油与小分子二元醇或醇胺在碱性催化剂的存在下进行开环反应，得到多羟基大豆油；开环反应温度控制在80-150 ℃，反应6小时，得到多羟基大豆油；
2)多羟基大豆油与环氧烷烃反应，在100-130 ℃，下通入环氧丙烷，环氧丙烷投加结束后，在100-130 ℃，温度下搅拌3-6小时，使体系充分反应，得高官能度的大豆油基聚醚多元醇；
3)大豆油基聚醚多元醇的部分羟基与磷酸二酯反应，60-90 ℃下反应4-6小时，过滤后得反应型生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用环氧大豆油制备生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法，其特征在于：所述的小分子二元醇或醇胺选自乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、丁二醇、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用环氧大豆油制备生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法，其特征在于：所述的碱性催化剂选自氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、甲醇钠、乙醇钠。
4.根据权利要求1所述的利用环氧大豆油制备生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法，其特征在于：所述的环氧烷烃为环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷或环氧丁烷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的利用环氧大豆油制备生物基阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法，其特征在于：所述的磷酸二酯选自磷酸二甲酯、磷酸二乙酯及磷酸二丙酯。
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| CN109369901B (zh) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-08-28 | 南京工业大学 | 一种植物油聚氨酯软泡多元醇及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN109320684B (zh) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-09-04 | 南京工业大学 | 一种聚氨酯多元醇及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN109320709A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-12 | 山东诺威新材料有限公司 | 一种环氧大豆油磷酸化制备反应型阻燃聚醚多元醇的方法 |
| CN111333831B (zh) * | 2020-04-22 | 2022-05-24 | 北京蓝源新星科技发展有限公司 | 一种阻燃聚醚多元醇的连续制备方法 |
| CN111471170A (zh) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-31 | 山东福瑞斯新材料科技有限公司 | 一种环保聚氨酯全水组合料的制备工艺 |
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