CN105994267A - Composition for controlling root-knot nematodes, soil-borne pathogenic fungi and weeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a composition for controlling root-knot nematodes, soil-borne pathogenic fungi and weeds. The composition mixed with emulsifiers, excipients, fillers and water can be used as an effective pesticide for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases and weeds. The compound can effectively kill harmful bacteria and nematodes in the soil, and can inhibit the germination and growth of weeds. It is used to control crops such as vegetables, strawberries, flowers, melons, nurseries, orchards, tea gardens, vineyards, trees, and Chinese herbal medicines. Soil disinfection before planting in the field can effectively prevent root-knot nematodes, main soil-borne pathogenic fungi, main gramineous and broad-leaved weeds, etc.

Description

Composition for controlling root-knot nematodes, soil-borne pathogenic fungi and weeds

technical field

The invention relates to a composition for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases, in particular to a composition for controlling root-knot nematodes, soil-borne pathogenic fungi and weeds.

Background technique

In the past ten years, with the adjustment of agricultural planting structure, protected cultivation has developed rapidly in our country. The national protected area has exceeded 2 million hectares. As an important agricultural measure to increase farmers' income and transform from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, protected cultivation in China will continue to develop in the future, and the crops cultivated will also change from the current vegetables and strawberries to flowers, melons, and fruit trees. , Nursery, Chinese herbal medicine and other directions. The development of protected areas also provides a suitable environment for the occurrence and development of root-knot nematodes, soil-borne diseases and weeds. Usually, after 3 to 5 years of planting, the yield and quality of crops are seriously affected, and the yield is generally reduced by 20 to 40 %, a severe reduction of more than 60% or even no harvest. With the continuous development of protected areas and the continuous cultivation of high value-added crops, the problems of root-knot nematodes, soil-borne diseases and weeds will become more and more prominent, and will become important factors that seriously restrict the development of protected areas. According to our surveys in Shandong, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Hebei, Zhejiang, Henan and other places, the harm of root-knot nematodes, soil-borne diseases and weeds has become a prominent problem in protected cultivation. Due to the large investment in protected areas, some methods that take a long time to process and require a long rotation time are difficult to implement in greenhouses and difficult to be accepted by farmers. The pre-plant soil chemical disinfection technology is increasingly becoming one of the preferred technologies for agricultural plant protection in protected areas.

Cyanodinitrile (also known as ethanedinitrile) is a colorless, highly toxic and flammable gas with an odor of bitter almonds. When it burns, it has a pink flame with blue edges and sides, and it will generate carbon dioxide and nitric oxide when burned. Cyanide can be used in organic synthesis, making pesticides, and also used as a fumigant for disinfection and insecticide. However, there is no relevant report on the use of cyanoethanedinitrile as a soil fumigant.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a compound cyanoethanedinitrile for controlling root-knot nematodes, soil-borne pathogenic fungi and weeds.

A compound for controlling root-knot nematodes, soil-borne pathogenic fungi and weeds, said compound being cyanoethanedinitrile.

The following parts by weight are included: 1-25 parts of cyanoethanedinitrile, 20-50 parts of emulsifier, 5-20 parts of excipient and/or filler, and 30-90 parts of water.

The emulsifier is selected from Tween-20, Tween-80, polyethylene glycol, Nongru 300#, Nongru 400#, Nongru 500#, Nongru 600#, Ningru 34#, Nongru 37# one or more of them.

The excipient is selected from polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, maltodextrin, lactose, mannitol, dextran, trehalose One or more than one.

The filler is selected from one or more of cyclodextrin, calcium carbonate, α-cellulose, gelatin, gum arabic, peanut shells, and diatomaceous earth.

The application of the above-mentioned cyanoethanedinitrile in the prevention and treatment of root-knot nematodes and soil-borne pathogenic fungi.

The soil-borne pathogenic fungi are Fusarium contagiosum, Pythium, Phytophthora major, Basidiomycetes rostralis, Pleurospora spinosa, Verticillium chlamydia, Pythium oligandrum, Rhizoctonia and Verticillium.

The application of the above-mentioned cyanoethanedinitrile in the control of weeds.

The weeds are cat's eye grass, quinoa or psilocybin.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the compound of the present invention can effectively kill harmful bacteria and nematodes in the soil, can inhibit the germination and growth of weeds, and is used for preventing and treating vegetables, strawberries, flowers, melons The compound of the present invention can effectively prevent root-knot nematodes, main soil-borne pathogenic fungi, main gramineous and broad-leaved weeds, etc. The combination of cyanoethanedinitrile and chloropicrin has a synergistic effect.

detailed description

The following describes in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

Example 1

Test drug

99.8% cyanodinitrile (Jiangsu Nantong Strong Chemical Co., Ltd.).

Soil sample for test

Soil samples were collected in protected areas in Beijing, where nematodes and diseases are serious all the year round, and the soil from the plow layer was taken and passed through a 2mm sieve, and mixed well for later use. After analysis, the soil water content is 18.76%, pH6.48, soil organic matter content 4.5%, NH ⁴⁺ -N 18.1mg/kg, NO ^3- -N 118.8mg/kg, available phosphorus 552.8mg/kg, available potassium 666.1 mg/kg, belongs to sandy loam soil.

Evaluation Indicators and Methods

Meloidogyne incognita, using centrifugation method (Liu Weizhi, 2000);

Fusarium fusatus, isolated by the Komada method;

Phytophthora nobita, separated by the Masago method;

Verticillium chlamydia, isolated by the Komada method;

Pythium oligandrum, isolated by the Komada method;

cat's eye grass, measure the bud length;

For quinoa, measure the shoot length.

Prunus chinensis, measure the shoot length.

According to the ratio of cyanodinitrile to soil mass, five treatment concentrations were designed: 6mg/kg, 12mg/kg, 18mg/kg, 24mg/kg, 30mg/kg.

Each process is as follows:

Weigh 600g of the prepared soil sample and put it into a 1.5L desiccator. When spraying, cyanodinitrile is accurately pipetted with a pipette gun. After applying the medicament, 20 seeds of germinated galanthus chinensis, cat's eye grass, thorns, thistle and psilocybin were sown quickly for each treatment. Fumigate at 25°C for 5 days. After the fumigation, the air was opened for 1 day, and then the nematodes and soil-borne pathogenic fungi were separated, and the bud lengths of Guazi and cat's eye were measured at the same time. And set blank treatment, each treatment repeated 3 times.

calculation method

Root-knot nematode survival rate and corrected mortality rate (i.e. control effect) are calculated by the following formula:

The anti-pathogen effect is calculated by the following formula:

The weed control effect is calculated by the following formula:

Effect on root-knot nematodes:

The effect of table 1 cyanoethanedinitrile on root-knot nematode

It can be seen from Table 1 that 5 different dosages of cyanodinitrile all showed strong inhibitory and killing effects on root-knot nematodes. Under the condition of the concentration of 24mg/Kg, the activity is the strongest, and with the increase of the concentration, the killing effect is no longer enhanced.

Effects on Fusarium spp.:

The effect of table 2 cyanogen ethylene dinitrile to Fusarium concha

As can be seen from Table 2, 5 different dosages of cyanoethanedinitrile all showed a strong inhibitory and killing effect on Fusarium congenita. Under the condition of the concentration of 24mg/Kg, the activity is the strongest, and with the increase of the concentration, the killing effect is no longer enhanced.

Effect on Phytophthora nobita:

The effect of table 3 cyanodinitrile to Phytophthora major

As can be seen from Table 3, 5 different dosages of cyanodinitrile all showed a strong inhibitory and killing effect on Phytophthora majorandra. Under the condition of the concentration of 18mg/Kg, the activity is the strongest, and as the concentration increases, the killing effect is no longer enhanced.

Effect on Verticillium chlamydia:

The effect of table 4 cyanodinitrile to Verticillium chlamydia

As can be seen from Table 4, 5 different dosages of cyanodinitrile all showed a strong inhibitory and killing effect on Verticillium chlamydia. Under the condition of the concentration of 18mg/Kg, the activity is the strongest, and as the concentration increases, the killing effect is no longer enhanced.

Effect on Pythium oligandrum:

The effect of table 5 cyanoethanedinitrile to Pythium oligandrum

As can be seen from Table 5, 5 different dosages of cyanoethanedinitrile all showed strong inhibitory and killing effects on Pythium oligandrum. Under the condition of the concentration of 18mg/Kg, the activity is the strongest, and as the concentration increases, the killing effect is no longer enhanced.

Inhibitory effect on cat's eye grass:

The effect of table 6 cyanoethanedinitrile to cat's eye grass

As can be seen from Table 6, 5 different dosages of cyanoethanedinitrile all showed a strong inhibitory and killing effect on cat's eye grass. Under the condition of the concentration of 24mg/Kg, the activity is the strongest, and with the increase of the concentration, the killing effect is no longer enhanced.

Inhibitory effect on quinoa:

The effect of table 7 cyanogen ethylene dinitrile on thorn quinoa

It can be seen from Table 7 that 5 different dosages of cyanodinitrile all showed a strong inhibitory and killing effect on C. chinensis. Under the condition of the concentration of 24mg/Kg, the activity is the strongest, and with the increase of the concentration, the killing effect is no longer enhanced.

Inhibitory effect on Psilocybin:

The effect of table 8 cyanogen ethylene dinitrile on Psilocybin chinensis

It can be seen from Table 8 that the 5 different dosages of cyanodinitrile all showed a strong inhibitory and killing effect on Psilocybe chinensis. Under the condition of the concentration of 24mg/Kg, the activity is the strongest, and with the increase of the concentration, the killing effect is no longer enhanced.

The control effect of cyanoethanedinitrile and chloropicrin on Psilocybin:

According to the formula of Colby's method (1966) to calculate the control effect and compare with the measured control effect, it is simple and effective to evaluate the combined effect of the mixture. The calculation formula is:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; E.</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ...</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 100</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}}$

E is the theoretical control effect of the mixture; n is the number of mixed agents; X1 represents the control effect after applying the first drug; X2 represents the control effect after applying the second drug; Xn represents the control effect after applying the nth drug effect. When the actual control effect of the mixture is greater than the theoretical control effect, it means synergy; when the actual control effect of the mixture is less than the theoretical control effect, it means antagonism.

The effect of table 9 cyanoethanedinitrile+chloropicrin mixed on root psilocybin

It can be seen from Table 9 that the mixed use of cyanoethanedinitrile and chloropicrin showed a strong synergistic effect on Psilocybe chinensis. The mixed use of four different dosages of cyanodinitrile and chloropicrin has a control effect of more than 90% on Pyrethium chinensis, and the mixed use has obvious synergistic effects.

The control effect of cyanoethanedinitrile and chloropicrin on quinoa:

According to the formula of Colby's method (1966) to calculate the control effect and compare with the measured control effect, it is simple and effective to evaluate the combined effect of the mixture. The calculation formula is:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; E.</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ...</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 100</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}}$

E is the theoretical control effect of the mixture; n is the number of mixed agents; X1 represents the control effect after applying the first drug; X2 represents the control effect after applying the second drug; Xn represents the control effect after applying the nth drug effect. When the actual control effect of the mixture is greater than the theoretical control effect, it means synergy; when the actual control effect of the mixture is less than the theoretical control effect, it means antagonism.

The effect of table 10 cyanoethanedinitrile + chloropicrin mixed on quinoa

As can be seen from Table 10, the mixed use of cyanoethanedinitrile and chloropicrin all showed a strong synergistic effect on C. quinoa. The mixed use of four different dosages of cyanodinitrile and chloropicrin has a control effect of more than 81% on quinoa, and the mixed use has obvious synergistic effect.

Control effect of cyanodinitrile and chloropicrin on warehouse pests:

Choose a corn warehouse (the pest in the warehouse is corn beetle), calculate the control effect according to the formula of Colby method (1966) and compare it with the measured control effect to evaluate the combined effect of the mixture simply and effectively. The calculation formula is:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; E.</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ...</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 100</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}}$

E is the theoretical control effect of the mixture; n is the number of mixed agents; X1 represents the control effect after applying the first drug; X2 represents the control effect after applying the second drug; Xn represents the control effect after applying the nth drug effect. When the actual control effect of the mixture is greater than the theoretical control effect, it means synergy; when the actual control effect of the mixture is less than the theoretical control effect, it means antagonism.

Table 11 Effect of cyanoethanedinitrile + chloropicrin mixed on warehouse pests

It can be seen from Table 11 that the mixed use of cyanodinitrile and chloropicrin showed a strong synergistic effect on warehouse pests. The mixed use of four different dosages of cyanoethanedinitrile and chloropicrin has a control effect of more than 90% on warehouse pests, and the mixed use has obvious synergies.

Example 2

The cyanoethanedinitrile preparation is composed of the following components by weight: 15 parts of cyanoethanedinitrile, 25 parts of Tween-20, 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of cyclodextrin, and 50 parts of water.

Before planting cucumbers, first turn the soil 30cm deep, and at the same time ensure that the soil has a certain humidity, and then apply the above-mentioned cyanoethanedinitrile preparation (according to the dosage of active ingredient 10g/ ^m2 ) mixed with soil, and use the "reverse burying method" to cover the soil. After 2 weeks of film fumigation and 3 days of open air, it can be planted after qualitatively judging that there is no pesticide residue through the germination experiment of cucumber seeds.

Example 3

The cyanoethanedinitrile preparation is composed of the following components by weight: 15 parts of cyanoethanedinitrile, 20 parts of agricultural milk 300#, 15 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 30 parts of water.

Before the coriander is planted, the soil is firstly turned 30cm deep, and at the same time, the soil has a certain humidity, and then the above-mentioned cyanodinitrile preparation (according to the dosage of the active ingredient 10g/m ² ) is mixed with the soil, and the "reverse burial method" is used to cover the soil. After 2 weeks of film fumigation and 3 days of open air, it can be planted after qualitatively judging that there is no chemical residue through the germination experiment of coriander seeds.

Example 4

The cyanoethanedinitrile preparation is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of cyanoethanedinitrile, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol, 15 parts of agricultural milk 400#, 5 parts of mannitol, 10 parts of α-cellulose, 80 parts of water.

Before planting tulips, the soil should be plowed 30cm deep, and at the same time ensure that the soil has a certain humidity, and then the above-mentioned cyanoethanedinitrile preparation (according to the dosage of active ingredient 10g/m ² ) is mixed with soil and covered by the "reverse burying method". Membrane fumigation for 2 weeks, open air for 3 days, after the germination experiment of tulip seeds qualitatively judges that there is no chemical residue, it can be planted.

Example 5

The cyanoethanedinitrile preparation is composed of the following components by weight: 25 parts of cyanoethanedinitrile, 50 parts of agricultural milk 500#, 8 parts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 5 parts of peanut shells, and 77 parts of water.

Before planting eggplant, the soil was first plowed 30cm deep, and at the same time, the soil was guaranteed to have a certain humidity, and then the above-mentioned cyanodinitrile preparation (according to the dosage of active ingredient 10g/ ^m2 ) was mixed with soil and covered by "reverse burying method". After 2 weeks of film fumigation and 3 days of open air, the eggplant seeds can be planted after qualitatively judging that there is no pesticide residue through the germination experiment of eggplant seeds.

Example 6

The cyanoethanedinitrile preparation is composed of the following components by weight: 18 parts of cyanoethanedinitrile, 41 parts of agricultural milk 600#, 5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 5 parts of calcium carbonate, and 55 parts of water.

Before planting peanuts, the soil should be plowed 30cm deep, and at the same time ensure that the soil has a certain humidity, and then the above-mentioned cyanodinitrile preparation (according to the dosage of 10g/ ^m2 of active ingredients) should be mixed with soil, and covered by "reverse burying method". After 2 weeks of film fumigation and 3 days of open air, it can be planted after qualitatively judging that there is no pesticide residue through the germination experiment of peanut seeds.

Example 7

The cyanoethanedinitrile preparation is composed of the following components by weight: 18 parts of cyanoethanedinitrile, 41 parts of Ningru 34#, 5 parts of mannitol, 5 parts of diatomaceous earth, and 55 parts of water.

Before the loofah planting, the soil should be plowed 30cm deep, and at the same time ensure that the soil has a certain humidity, and then the above-mentioned cyanoethanedinitrile preparation (according to the dosage of active ingredient 10g/ ^m2 ) is mixed with soil, and the "reverse burying method" is used to cover the soil. After 2 weeks of film fumigation and 3 days of open air, after the germination experiment of loofah seeds qualitatively judges that there is no chemical residue, it can be planted.

The above disclosures are only specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes conceivable by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. prevent and treat root-knot nematode, soil-borne disease fungal pathogens and the compound of weeds for one kind, it is characterised in that institute Stating compound is cyanogen.

2. containing the system of the compound preventing and treating root-knot nematode, soil-borne disease fungal pathogens and weeds described in claim 1 Agent, it is characterised in that include the material of following parts by weight: cyanogen 1-25 part, emulsifying agent 20-50 Part, excipient and/or filler 5-20 part, water 30-90 part.

Preventing and treating root-knot nematode the most according to claim 2, soil-borne disease fungal pathogens and the compound of weeds Preparation, it is characterised in that described emulsifying agent be selected from tween 20, tween 80, Polyethylene Glycol, agriculture breast 300#, agriculture breast 400#, agriculture breast 500#, agriculture breast 600#, peaceful breast 34#, the one or in peaceful breast 37# More than Zhong.

Preventing and treating root-knot nematode the most according to claim 2, soil-borne disease fungal pathogens and the compound of weeds Preparation, it is characterised in that described excipient be selected from polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, mannitol, Microcrystalline Cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, maltodextrin, lactose, mannitol, dextran, One or more in trehalose.

Preventing and treating root-knot nematode the most according to claim 2, soil-borne disease fungal pathogens and the compound of weeds Preparation, it is characterised in that described filler be selected from cyclodextrin, calcium carbonate, alpha-cellulose, gelatin, Arabic gum, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, one or more in kieselguhr.

6. prevent and treat root-knot nematode, soil-borne disease fungal pathogens and the compositions of weeds for one kind, it is characterised in that institute Stating compositions is cyanogen and chloropicrin.

7. claim 1 or the cyanogen described in claim 6 are former preventing and treating root-knot nematode and soil-borne disease Application in fungus.

Cyanogen answering in preventing and treating root-knot nematode and soil-borne disease fungal pathogens the most according to claim 7 With, it is characterised in that described soil-borne disease fungal pathogens is the raw Fusariumsp of shell, rotten mould, and big male phytophthora, beak is carried on a shoulder pole Daughter bacteria, colletotrichum, thick spore Verticillium, pythium oligandrum, rhizoctonia and Verticillium.

9. claim 1 or the application in controlling weeds of the cyanogen described in claim 6.

The cyanogen the most according to claim 9 application in controlling weeds, it is characterised in that Described weeds are Herba euphorbiae lunulatae, Herba Chenopodii Aristati or naked post chrysanthemum.