CN105842412A - Water environment vertical distribution comprehensive on-line monitoring buoy and monitoring system - Google Patents
Water environment vertical distribution comprehensive on-line monitoring buoy and monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种垂向分布的综合在线监测浮标及监测系统，属于环境污染监测技术领域。所述浮标主要包括浮标体、电子设备密封舱、北斗卫星导航定位模块、蓄电池组数、据采集器、4G路由器，以及位于浮标体外围的传感器，和位于浮标体上部的能源供应装置。本发明提供了一种可以在指定的水域范围内长期连续执行环境监测作业任务的自主移动式监测浮标，实现测量不同水深的水环境参数、环境气象参数，完成使用北斗卫星导航定位系统和4G通信网络切换方式实现浮标定位与通信，实现监测区域环境参数实时监测、实时分析与预警预报的功能。
The invention relates to a vertically distributed comprehensive online monitoring buoy and a monitoring system, belonging to the technical field of environmental pollution monitoring. The buoy mainly includes a buoy body, a sealed compartment for electronic equipment, a Beidou satellite navigation and positioning module, battery packs, a data collector, a 4G router, sensors located on the periphery of the buoy body, and an energy supply device located on the upper part of the buoy body. The invention provides an autonomous mobile monitoring buoy that can continuously perform environmental monitoring tasks in a designated water area for a long time, realizes the measurement of water environment parameters and environmental meteorological parameters at different water depths, and completes the use of Beidou satellite navigation and positioning system and 4G communication. The network switching method realizes buoy positioning and communication, and realizes the functions of real-time monitoring, real-time analysis and early warning and forecasting of environmental parameters in the monitoring area.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种水质监测浮标，具体涉及一种垂向分布的综合在线监测浮标及监测系统，属于环境污染监测技术领域。The invention relates to a water quality monitoring buoy, in particular to a vertically distributed integrated on-line monitoring buoy and a monitoring system, belonging to the technical field of environmental pollution monitoring.
背景技术Background technique
水质安全问题是普遍关切的民生问题。目前环境污染监测主要依靠常规监测、固定式自动监站监测、移动实验室监测等。传统的监测方法在数据采集频率、处理方法、传输方法上，也越来越不能满足环境监测的需要。水环境监测包括水上部分的气象要素监测和水下环境部分的水文、水质、水生态要素监测。通过对环境要素的实时监测，实时传输，实时处理，可掌握水域中污染物的种类、浓度及污染物在水域环境中的迁移转化规律，从而提出防治污染的技术与措施。Water quality safety is a common concern for people's livelihood. At present, environmental pollution monitoring mainly relies on routine monitoring, fixed automatic monitoring station monitoring, mobile laboratory monitoring, etc. Traditional monitoring methods are increasingly unable to meet the needs of environmental monitoring in terms of data collection frequency, processing methods, and transmission methods. Water environment monitoring includes the monitoring of meteorological elements in the water part and the monitoring of hydrology, water quality and water ecological elements in the underwater environment. Through real-time monitoring, real-time transmission and real-time processing of environmental elements, the types and concentrations of pollutants in waters and the laws of migration and transformation of pollutants in waters can be mastered, so as to propose technologies and measures for pollution prevention and control.
目前使用的水环境监测浮标，固定式浮标采用锚泊固定方式，执行指定位置的水体监控任务，不具备机动能力，只能测量特定水深的水环境参数。水环境监测浮标的卫星导航和定位依赖美国GPS系统，通信系统依靠单一方式。Currently used water environment monitoring buoys, fixed buoys are moored and fixed to perform water body monitoring tasks at designated locations. They do not have maneuverability and can only measure water environment parameters at specific water depths. The satellite navigation and positioning of water environment monitoring buoys rely on the US GPS system, and the communication system relies on a single method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种可以在指定的水域范围内长期连续执行环境监测作业任务的自主移动式监测浮标，实现测量不同水深的水环境参数、环境气象参数，完成使用北斗卫星导航定位系统和4G通信网络切换方式实现浮标定位与通信，实现监测区域环境参数实时监测、实时分析与预警预报的功能。The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art, to provide an autonomous mobile monitoring buoy that can continuously perform environmental monitoring tasks in a designated water area for a long time, to realize the measurement of water environment parameters and environmental meteorological parameters in different water depths, and complete Use Beidou satellite navigation and positioning system and 4G communication network switching mode to realize buoy positioning and communication, and realize the functions of real-time monitoring, real-time analysis and early warning and forecasting of environmental parameters in the monitoring area.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标，包括：A comprehensive online monitoring buoy for vertical distribution of water environment, comprising:
位于浮标中部的圆柱型结构的浮标体1；A buoy body 1 with a cylindrical structure located in the middle of the buoy;
位于浮标体1内部的电子设备密封舱25，电子设备密封舱内通过电气线路固定连接有北斗卫星导航定位模块26、蓄电池组27、数据采集器28和4G路由器29，电子设备密封舱上有顶盖43，用于保护电子设备舱，避免进水；The electronic equipment airtight cabin 25 located inside the buoy body 1, the electronic equipment airtight cabin is fixedly connected with the Beidou satellite navigation and positioning module 26, battery pack 27, data collector 28 and 4G router 29 through electrical lines, and the electronic equipment airtight cabin has a roof. Cover 43, used to protect the electronic equipment compartment, to avoid water ingress;
浮标体外围设有仪器舱，垂向分布温度传感器31、垂向分布叶绿素传感器32、水质多参数检测仪器17、营养盐检测仪器18和超声多普勒流速仪22通过支架分别安装于对应的垂向分布温度传感器仪器舱38、垂向分布叶绿素传感器仪器舱39、水质多参数检测仪器仪器舱40、营养盐检测仪器仪器舱41和超声多普勒流速仪仪器舱42内；位于浮标体上表面的吊耳44，用于浮标安装和拖移时使用；There is an instrument cabin on the periphery of the buoy body, and a vertically distributed temperature sensor 31, a vertically distributed chlorophyll sensor 32, a water quality multi-parameter detection instrument 17, a nutrient salt detection instrument 18, and an ultrasonic Doppler current meter 22 are respectively installed on corresponding vertical surfaces through brackets. In the instrument cabin 38 of the temperature distribution sensor, the instrument cabin 39 of the vertical distribution chlorophyll sensor, the instrument cabin 40 of the water quality multi-parameter detection instrument, the instrument cabin 41 of the nutrient salt detection instrument and the instrument cabin 42 of the ultrasonic Doppler current meter; located on the upper surface of the buoy body The lifting lug 44 is used for buoy installation and towing;
位于浮标体底部与浮标体固定连接的配重块2，用于保持浮标平衡；配重块2底部固定连接有铰链升降机3，浮标体通过铰链升降机3上缠绕的系留缆4固定于水面；垂向分布温度传感器31和垂向分布叶绿素传感器32通过支架安装于仪器舱内，并与铰链升降机36和37相连，可以从仪器舱中通过铰链升降机悬挂在浮标体底部，在不使用时，可以通过铰链升降机升起放置于仪器舱内，垂向分布温度传感器可监测温度，垂向分布叶绿素传感器可检测叶绿素；位于浮标体底部的水垂向收集装置，由连通的蓄水池19和伸缩管23、24组成，并固定在浮标体上。为水质多参数检测仪器17和营养盐检测仪器18配套的抽水泵20、21置在蓄水池19中；水质多参数检测仪器17可检测pH值、电导率、溶解氧；营养盐检测仪器18可监测总磷、总氮、氨氮、消态氮、亚消态氮；超声多普勒流速仪22可监测垂向水深及流速；The counterweight 2 fixedly connected with the buoy body at the bottom of the buoy body is used to maintain the balance of the buoy; the bottom of the counterweight 2 is fixedly connected with a hinge elevator 3, and the buoy body is fixed on the water surface through the mooring cable 4 wound on the hinge elevator 3; The vertical distribution temperature sensor 31 and the vertical distribution chlorophyll sensor 32 are installed in the instrument cabin by a bracket, and are connected with the hinge elevators 36 and 37, and can be suspended from the instrument cabin by the hinge elevator at the bottom of the buoy body. When not in use, the The vertically distributed temperature sensor can monitor the temperature, and the vertically distributed chlorophyll sensor can detect chlorophyll; the vertical water collection device located at the bottom of the buoy body is composed of a connected reservoir 19 and a telescopic tube. 23,24 are formed, and are fixed on the buoy body. The water pumps 20 and 21 supporting the water quality multi-parameter detection instrument 17 and the nutrient salt detection instrument 18 are placed in the reservoir 19; the water quality multi-parameter detection instrument 17 can detect pH value, conductivity, dissolved oxygen; the nutrient salt detection instrument 18 Can monitor total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, depleted nitrogen, sub-depleted nitrogen; ultrasonic Doppler flow meter 22 can monitor vertical water depth and flow velocity;
位于浮标体上部的棱台结构支架5通过底座7与浮标体固定，棱台结构支架顶部固定有航标灯8、超声波气象工作站9、4G路由器天线10、北斗卫星导航系统天线11；超声波气象工作站9可检测空气温度、空气湿度、风速、风向。The prism structure support 5 located on the upper part of the buoy body is fixed to the buoy body through the base 7, and the top of the prism structure support is fixed with a navigation light 8, an ultrasonic meteorological workstation 9, a 4G router antenna 10, and a Beidou satellite navigation system antenna 11; an ultrasonic meteorological workstation 9 Can detect air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, wind direction.
进一步地，本发明提供的浮标还可以通过风能或/和光能为蓄电池供电，以为浮标上的电子设备供电：在电子设备密封舱内通过电气线路固定连接有风光能互补电源控制器30，棱台结构支架5外表面上固定有太阳能电池板6，棱台结构支架5顶部固定有风力发电机12，太阳能电池板6和风力发电机12通过电气线路与风光能互补电源控制器30及蓄电池组27相连。Further, the buoy provided by the present invention can also supply power for the storage battery through wind energy or/and light energy, so as to supply power for the electronic equipment on the buoy: a wind-solar complementary power supply controller 30 is fixedly connected to the sealed compartment of the electronic equipment through an electrical circuit, and the edge platform A solar panel 6 is fixed on the outer surface of the structural support 5, and a wind generator 12 is fixed on the top of the truss structural support 5. The solar panel 6 and the wind generator 12 communicate with the solar energy complementary power supply controller 30 and the storage battery pack 27 through electrical lines. connected.
进一步地，本发明提供的浮标还设置有动力驱动器，所述动力驱动器位于浮标体下方，包括动力型螺旋桨推动器33、第一方向调节型螺旋桨推动器34和第二方向调节型螺旋桨推动器35；三个螺旋桨推动器均由蓄电池组27提供能源，可独立启停。动力型螺旋桨推动器33具有推动浮标运动能力，第一、第二方向调节型螺旋桨推动器具有调整浮标运动方向的能力。浮标收到监测中心关于浮标目标区域的位置信息后，根据北斗卫星导航系统获取当前位置信息，规划出运动轨迹，铰链升降机将系留缆收起，通过动力驱动器的作用推动浮标向目标方位的运动。Further, the buoy provided by the present invention is also provided with a power driver, and the power driver is located below the buoy body, including a power type propeller pusher 33, a first direction adjustment type propeller pusher 34 and a second direction adjustment type propeller pusher 35 ; Three propeller propellers are provided with energy by battery pack 27, which can be started and stopped independently. The power-type propeller propeller 33 has the ability to push the movement of the buoy, and the first and second direction-adjustable propeller propellers have the ability to adjust the movement direction of the buoy. After the buoy receives the position information of the target area of the buoy from the monitoring center, it obtains the current position information according to the Beidou satellite navigation system and plans the movement trajectory. .
本发明还提供了一个监测系统，包括监测中心和上述水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标。所述监测中心通过无线通信网络与所述水环境垂向分布综合监测浮标通信，所述无线通信网络可以选择使用4G通信网络或者北斗卫星导航定位系统；所述水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标通过无线通信网络向所述监测中心传输监测水域环境参数和接收所述监测中心发送的指令；所述监测中心用于向所述浮标发送指令，设置浮标位置，水垂向收集装置伸缩管所指定水深，环境监测设备工作状态等参数，指令通过无线通信网络发送给水环境垂向分布综合监测浮标。The present invention also provides a monitoring system, including a monitoring center and the above-mentioned comprehensive online monitoring buoys vertically distributed in the water environment. The monitoring center communicates with the vertically distributed comprehensive monitoring buoy of the water environment through a wireless communication network, and the wireless communication network can choose to use a 4G communication network or a Beidou satellite navigation and positioning system; the vertically distributed comprehensive online monitoring buoy of the water environment Transmit monitoring water environment parameters and receive instructions sent by the monitoring center to the monitoring center through a wireless communication network; the monitoring center is used to send instructions to the buoy, set the position of the buoy, and specify the telescopic tube of the water vertical collection device Parameters such as water depth and working status of environmental monitoring equipment are sent to water environment vertically distributed comprehensive monitoring buoys through the wireless communication network.
进一步地，根据所获得的环境数据，结合水动力模型和多源数据同化模型，建立水环境推演模型，模拟流域生态环境变化过程，运用机器学习、神经网络等智能分析技术推演生态环境发展变化趋势，预测未来生态环境关键参数。所述的水环境推演模型，包括但不限于以下方式：1.基于自动聚类技术、粒子群优化技术和模糊趋势预测方法，提出了一种多粒度混合预测的多属性时间序列预测模型；2.基于粗糙集的知识约简与Petri网的智能推理，建立了一种风险系数(RPN)模型，根据获得的水域监测数据进行快速准确地富营养化评价；3.基于粗糙集代数理论与信息熵理论的最优化数学模型，利用历史数据自动调整预测误差的特点，得出水质指标权重的最优解，实现水质参数的中短期高精度预测。Furthermore, based on the obtained environmental data, combined with the hydrodynamic model and multi-source data assimilation model, a water environment deduction model is established to simulate the change process of the ecological environment in the watershed, and the development trend of the ecological environment is deduced by using intelligent analysis technologies such as machine learning and neural networks , to predict the key parameters of the future ecological environment. The water environment deduction model includes but is not limited to the following methods: 1. Based on automatic clustering technology, particle swarm optimization technology and fuzzy trend prediction method, a multi-attribute time series prediction model of multi-granularity mixed prediction is proposed; 2. .Based on the knowledge reduction of rough sets and the intelligent reasoning of Petri nets, a risk factor (RPN) model was established to quickly and accurately evaluate eutrophication based on the obtained water monitoring data; 3. Based on rough set algebraic theory and information The optimal mathematical model of entropy theory uses the characteristics of historical data to automatically adjust the prediction error to obtain the optimal solution of the weight of the water quality index and realize the short-term and medium-term high-precision prediction of the water quality parameter.
与现有的其他方法相比，本发明提供的水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标和系统具有以下优点：Compared with other existing methods, the water environment vertical distribution integrated online monitoring buoy and system provided by the present invention have the following advantages:
本发明利用浮标体上的铰链升降机和垂向分布的传感器，可采集不同深度的水样，获取不同水深的温度、叶绿素、pH值、电导率、溶解氧、总磷、总氮、氨氮、消态氮、亚消态氮等指标，可实现水域纵向深度水环境参数的测量。The present invention utilizes the hinge elevator on the buoy body and the vertically distributed sensors to collect water samples at different depths, and obtain the temperature, chlorophyll, pH value, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and Nitrogen, subdiluted nitrogen and other indicators can realize the measurement of water environment parameters in the longitudinal depth of the water area.
本发明利用浮体上的太阳能电池板采集太阳能，风力发电机采集风能，从而实现了全天候作业，克服了现有浮标工作区域受地理位置的限制的缺点。The invention utilizes the solar panel on the floating body to collect solar energy and the wind power generator to collect wind energy, thereby realizing all-weather operation and overcoming the disadvantage that the working area of the existing buoy is limited by geographical location.
本发明的通信导航系统包括北斗卫星导航定位和公共移动通讯4G网络，可实现监测中心与在线监测浮标在2个通信系统之间切换，完成数据通信。The communication and navigation system of the present invention includes Beidou satellite navigation and positioning and a public mobile communication 4G network, which can realize the switching between the monitoring center and the online monitoring buoy between the two communication systems, and complete data communication.
本发明的在线监测浮标可根据北斗卫星导航定位系统提供的坐标与监测中心提供的需要测量水域的经纬度信息对比，监测中心向动力驱动器发送控制信号，通过控制螺旋桨推动器使浮标运动到指定位置，以实现浮标的高精度定点测量。The online monitoring buoy of the present invention can compare the coordinates provided by the Beidou satellite navigation and positioning system with the latitude and longitude information of the water area to be measured provided by the monitoring center, and the monitoring center sends a control signal to the power driver to move the buoy to a designated position by controlling the propeller pusher. In order to realize the high-precision fixed-point measurement of the buoy.
本发明所构建的基于时间序列的水环境推演模型，可分析水环境监测的历史数据，掌握监测水域水环境变化规律，对监测水域水环境变化进行评估和预测。The water environment deduction model based on the time series constructed by the present invention can analyze the historical data of water environment monitoring, grasp the change law of the water environment of the monitored water area, and evaluate and predict the change of the water environment of the monitored water area.
说明书附图Instructions attached
图1为本发明的水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标的前视图；Fig. 1 is the front view of the water environment vertical distribution integrated online monitoring buoy of the present invention;
图2为本发明的水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标的左视图Fig. 2 is the left view of the comprehensive online monitoring buoy for vertical distribution of water environment of the present invention
图3为本发明的水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标的A-A’剖视图；Fig. 3 is the A-A' cross-sectional view of the comprehensive online monitoring buoy of water environment vertical distribution of the present invention;
图4为本发明的水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标的B-B’剖视图；Fig. 4 is the B-B ' sectional view of the water environment vertical distribution integrated online monitoring buoy of the present invention;
图5为本发明的水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标的俯视图；Fig. 5 is the top view of the comprehensive online monitoring buoy of vertical distribution of water environment of the present invention;
图6为本发明的水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标的蓄电池组充电示意图；Fig. 6 is the charging schematic diagram of the battery pack of the water environment vertical distribution comprehensive online monitoring buoy of the present invention;
图7为本发明的水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标的数据传输示意图；Fig. 7 is the data transmission schematic diagram of the comprehensive online monitoring buoy of vertical distribution of water environment of the present invention;
图8为本发明的水环境垂向分布综合在线监测系统的结构网络示意图；Fig. 8 is a structural network schematic diagram of the water environment vertical distribution integrated online monitoring system of the present invention;
图9为本发明的水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标及系统的工作流程图。Fig. 9 is a working flow chart of the integrated online monitoring buoy and system for vertical distribution of water environment according to the present invention.
其中数字标识分别为：The digital identifiers are:
1：浮标体；2：配重块；3：铰链升降机；4：系留缆；5：棱台结构支架；6：太阳能电池板；7：底座；8：航标灯；9：超声波气象工作站；10：4G路由器天线；11：北斗卫星导航系统天线；12：风力发电机；13：铆钉A；14：铆钉B；15：铆钉C；16：铆钉D；17：水质多参数检测仪器；18：营养盐检测仪器；19：蓄水池；20：抽水泵A；21：抽水泵B；22：超声多普勒流速仪；23：伸缩管A；24：伸缩管B；25：电子设备密封舱；26：北斗卫星导航定位模块；27：蓄电池组；28：数据采集器；29：4G路由器；30：风光能互补电源控制器；31：垂向分布温度传感器；32：垂向分布叶绿素传感器；33：动力型螺旋桨推动器；34：第一方向调节型螺旋桨推动器；35：第二方向调节型螺旋桨推动器；36：铰链升降机A；37：铰链升降机B；38：垂向分布温度传感器仪器舱；39：垂向分布叶绿素传感器仪器舱；40：水质多参数检测仪器仪器舱；41：营养盐检测仪器仪器舱；42：超声多普勒流速仪仪器舱；43：顶盖；44：吊耳。1: buoy body; 2: counterweight; 3: hinge lift; 4: mooring cable; 5: edge platform structure support; 6: solar panel; 7: base; 8: beacon light; 9: ultrasonic meteorological workstation; 10: 4G router antenna; 11: Beidou satellite navigation system antenna; 12: wind generator; 13: rivet A; 14: rivet B; 15: rivet C; 16: rivet D; 17: water quality multi-parameter testing instrument; 18: Nutrient salt detection instrument; 19: reservoir; 20: water pump A; 21: water pump B; 22: ultrasonic Doppler flow meter; 23: telescopic tube A; 24: telescopic tube B; 25: sealed compartment for electronic equipment ;26: Beidou satellite navigation and positioning module; 27: battery pack; 28: data collector; 29: 4G router; 30: solar energy complementary power controller; 31: vertical distribution temperature sensor; 32: vertical distribution chlorophyll sensor; 33: Power type propeller thruster; 34: First direction adjustable propeller thruster; 35: Second direction adjustable propeller thruster; 36: Hinge elevator A; 37: Hinge elevator B; 38: Vertical distribution temperature sensor instrument Cabin; 39: vertically distributed chlorophyll sensor instrument cabin; 40: water quality multi-parameter detection instrument cabin; 41: nutrient salt detection instrument cabin; 42: ultrasonic Doppler current meter instrument cabin; 43: top cover; 44: hanging Ear.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明进行进一步地描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1-5所示，本发明的水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标包括:位于浮标中部的圆柱型结构的浮标体1，采用超高分子量聚乙烯原材料加工而成；As shown in Figures 1-5, the water environment vertical distribution comprehensive online monitoring buoy of the present invention comprises: the buoy body 1 of the cylindrical structure that is positioned at the middle part of the buoy, adopts ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene raw material to process;
位于浮标体内部的电子设备密封舱25，电子设备密封舱内通过电气线路固定连接有北斗卫星导航定位模块26、风光能互补电源控制器30、蓄电池组27、数据采集器28和4G路由器29，电子设备密封舱上有顶盖43，用于保护电子设备舱，避免进水；The electronic equipment sealed cabin 25 located inside the buoy body, the electronic equipment sealed cabin is fixedly connected with the Beidou satellite navigation and positioning module 26, wind and solar energy complementary power supply controller 30, battery pack 27, data collector 28 and 4G router 29 through electrical lines, There is a top cover 43 on the electronic equipment airtight compartment, which is used to protect the electronic equipment compartment and avoid water ingress;
浮标体外围设有仪器舱，垂向分布温度传感器31、垂向分布叶绿素传感器32、水质多参数检测仪器17、营养盐检测仪器18和超声多普勒流速仪22通过支架分别安装于对应的垂向分布温度传感器仪器舱38、垂向分布叶绿素传感器仪器舱39、水质多参数检测仪器仪器舱40、营养盐检测仪器仪器舱41和超声多普勒流速仪仪器舱42内，所有仪器舱内的仪器都通过电气线路与蓄电池组27连接，由蓄电池组27供电；位于浮标体上表面的吊耳44，用于浮标安装和拖移时使用；There is an instrument cabin on the periphery of the buoy body, and a vertically distributed temperature sensor 31, a vertically distributed chlorophyll sensor 32, a water quality multi-parameter detection instrument 17, a nutrient salt detection instrument 18, and an ultrasonic Doppler current meter 22 are respectively installed on corresponding vertical surfaces through brackets. To distribution temperature sensor instrument compartment 38, vertical distribution chlorophyll sensor instrument compartment 39, water quality multi-parameter detection instrument instrument compartment 40, nutrient salt detection instrument instrument compartment 41 and ultrasonic Doppler current meter instrument compartment 42, in all instrument compartments The instruments are all connected to the battery pack 27 through electrical lines, and powered by the battery pack 27; the lifting lug 44 located on the upper surface of the buoy body is used for buoy installation and towing;
位于浮标体底部的配重块2与浮标体通过铆钉C 15固定连接，保持浮标平衡；位于配重块2底部的铰链升降机3上缠绕有系留缆4，可将浮标体固定于水面，配重块2通过铆钉D 16与铰链升降机固定连接；垂向分布温度传感器31和垂向分布叶绿素传感器32通过支架安装于仪器舱内，从仪器舱中通过铰链升降机36、37悬挂在浮标体底部，在不使用时，可以通过铰链升降机升起放置于仪器舱内；位于浮标体底部的水垂向收集装置，由连通的蓄水池19和伸缩管A 23、伸缩管B 24组成，分别通过铆钉A 13和铆钉B 14固定在浮标体上；水质多参数检测仪器17和营养盐检测仪器18的抽水泵A 20、抽水泵B 21放置在蓄水池19中；The counterweight 2 at the bottom of the buoy body is fixedly connected with the buoy body through rivets C 15 to keep the buoy in balance; the hinge elevator 3 at the bottom of the counterweight 2 is wound with a mooring cable 4, which can fix the buoy body on the water surface. The weight 2 is fixedly connected with the hinge lifter through the rivet D16; the vertically distributed temperature sensor 31 and the vertically distributed chlorophyll sensor 32 are installed in the instrument cabin through the bracket, and are suspended from the instrument cabin at the bottom of the buoy body through the hinge lifters 36 and 37. When not in use, it can be lifted by a hinged elevator and placed in the instrument cabin; the water vertical collection device at the bottom of the buoy body is composed of a connected water reservoir 19, telescopic tube A 23, and telescopic tube B 24, which are respectively connected by rivets A 13 and rivets B 14 are fixed on the buoy body; the water pump A 20 and the water pump B 21 of the water quality multi-parameter detection instrument 17 and the nutrient salt detection instrument 18 are placed in the reservoir 19;
位于浮标体上部的棱台结构支架5通过底座7与浮标体固定，其外表面上固定有太阳能电池板6，棱台结构支架顶部固定有航标灯8、超声波气象工作站9、4G路由器天线10、北斗卫星导航系统天线11和风力发电机12；超声波气象工作站9可检测空气温度、空气湿度、风速、风向。The prism structure bracket 5 located on the upper part of the buoy body is fixed to the buoy body through the base 7, and a solar panel 6 is fixed on its outer surface, and the top of the prism structure bracket is fixed with a navigation light 8, an ultrasonic weather workstation 9, a 4G router antenna 10, Beidou satellite navigation system antenna 11 and wind generator 12; ultrasonic meteorological workstation 9 can detect air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, and wind direction.
如图6所示，太阳能电池板6将太阳能转换成电能，风力发电机12将风能转换成电能，通过风光能互补电源控制器30以直流电形式存储在蓄电池组27中。蓄电池组27通过电气线路为浮标上的所有环境监测设备和数据采集通讯模块供电。水质多参数检测仪器17、营养盐检测仪器18、垂向分布温度传感器31、垂向分布叶绿素传感器32、超声多普勒流速仪22和超声波气象工作站9为环境监测设备，数据采集器28、4G路由器29和北斗卫星导航系统模块26为数据采集通讯模块。As shown in FIG. 6 , the solar panel 6 converts solar energy into electrical energy, and the wind power generator 12 converts wind energy into electrical energy, which is stored in the storage battery pack 27 in the form of direct current through the solar-energy complementary power controller 30 . The battery pack 27 supplies power to all environmental monitoring equipment and data acquisition communication modules on the buoy through electrical circuits. Water quality multi-parameter detection instrument 17, nutrient salt detection instrument 18, vertical distribution temperature sensor 31, vertical distribution chlorophyll sensor 32, ultrasonic Doppler current meter 22 and ultrasonic meteorological workstation 9 are environmental monitoring equipment, data collectors 28, 4G The router 29 and the Beidou satellite navigation system module 26 are data collection communication modules.
本发明所提供的浮标除了如上所述，可以通过铰链升降机3及系留缆4实现浮标在纵向不同深度的测量外，还可以实现横向不同水域的测量：在浮标体下方设置有动力驱动器，所述动力驱动器包括动力型螺旋桨推动器33、第一方向调节型螺旋桨推动器34和第二方向调节型螺旋桨推动器34；三个螺旋桨推动器均由蓄电池组27提供能源，可独立启停。动力型螺旋桨推动器33具有推动浮标运动能力，第一、第二方向调节型螺旋桨推动器具有调整浮标运动方向的能力。The buoy provided by the present invention can realize the measurement of different depths of the buoy in the longitudinal direction by the hinge lifter 3 and the mooring cable 4 as mentioned above, and can also realize the measurement of different water areas in the horizontal direction: a power driver is arranged below the buoy body, so The power driver includes a power type propeller propeller 33, a first direction regulating propeller propeller 34 and a second direction regulating propeller propeller 34; the three propeller propellers are all powered by the battery pack 27 and can be started and stopped independently. The power-type propeller propeller 33 has the ability to push the movement of the buoy, and the first and second direction-adjustable propeller propellers have the ability to adjust the movement direction of the buoy.
将上述水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标与一个监测中心通过4G无线网络和北斗卫星通信网络连接，构成一个监测系统，监测中心通过4G无线网络、北斗卫星通信网络与浮标进行通信，向浮标发送指令，接收浮标返回的水环境参数。The above-mentioned integrated online monitoring buoy for the vertical distribution of water environment is connected with a monitoring center through 4G wireless network and Beidou satellite communication network to form a monitoring system. The monitoring center communicates with the buoy through 4G wireless network and Beidou satellite communication network, and sends Command to receive the water environment parameters returned by the buoy.
图7为环境监测设备的数据采集、传输实施过程。数据采集器28从环境监测设备获取数据；监测中心选择通过4G通讯网络传输数据时，4G路由器接入中国移动或者中国电信的无线通信网络，通过4G路由器向监测中心传输；监测中心选择通过北斗卫星导航报文系统进行数据传输时，通讯导航系统接收经由监测中心传递的北斗卫星系统信号，实现北斗卫星通信和导航定位功能。Figure 7 shows the implementation process of data collection and transmission of environmental monitoring equipment. The data collector 28 obtains data from the environmental monitoring equipment; when the monitoring center chooses to transmit data through the 4G communication network, the 4G router accesses the wireless communication network of China Mobile or China Telecom, and transmits to the monitoring center through the 4G router; the monitoring center chooses to transmit data through the Beidou satellite When the navigation message system transmits data, the communication and navigation system receives the Beidou satellite system signal transmitted by the monitoring center to realize Beidou satellite communication and navigation and positioning functions.
具体实施时，如图8、图9所示，监测中心向目标水环境垂向分布综合在线监测浮标发送定位指令。若浮标所处水域位置与预设位置不一致，则启动动力驱动器，浮标根据北斗卫星导航系统的定位信息，运行到指定区域。若浮标所处水域位置与预设位置一致，则监测中心向浮标发送环境监测设备启动命令。浮标收到监测中心关于进行环境监测的命令后，将垂向分布温度传感器31和垂向分布叶绿素传感器32通过铰链升降机36、37放置到预设水深，水垂向收集装置将伸缩管放置到预设水深，抽水泵20，21抽入预设水深的水进入水垂向收集装置的蓄水池19，供水质多参数检测仪器17和营养盐检测仪器18运行时使用。水质多参数检测仪器17、营养盐检测仪器18和水垂向收集装置根据命令，检测并返回指定水深的水质参数。垂向分布温度传感器31、垂向分布叶绿素传感器32、超声多普勒流速仪22和超声波气象工作站9根据监测中心的命令，传回所测的环境参数。若监测中心需要继续收集环境参数，则命令环境监测设备继续工作。若监测中心不再需要收集环境参数，则命令环境监测设备进入休眠状态。During specific implementation, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, the monitoring center sends positioning instructions to the integrated online monitoring buoys vertically distributed in the target water environment. If the position of the water area where the buoy is located is inconsistent with the preset position, the power driver will be activated, and the buoy will run to the designated area according to the positioning information of the Beidou satellite navigation system. If the position of the water area where the buoy is located is consistent with the preset position, the monitoring center sends an environmental monitoring equipment start command to the buoy. After the buoy receives an order from the monitoring center for environmental monitoring, the vertical distribution temperature sensor 31 and the vertical distribution chlorophyll sensor 32 are placed to the preset water depth through the hinge lifts 36, 37, and the water vertical collection device places the telescopic tube to the preset water depth. The water depth is set, and the water pumps 20 and 21 are pumped into the water of the preset water depth into the reservoir 19 of the water vertical collection device for use when the water quality multi-parameter detection instrument 17 and the nutrient salt detection instrument 18 are running. The water quality multi-parameter detection instrument 17, the nutrient salt detection instrument 18 and the water vertical collection device detect and return the water quality parameters of the specified water depth according to the command. The vertical distribution temperature sensor 31, the vertical distribution chlorophyll sensor 32, the ultrasonic Doppler current meter 22 and the ultrasonic meteorological workstation 9 transmit back the measured environmental parameters according to the order of the monitoring center. If the monitoring center needs to continue collecting environmental parameters, it will order the environmental monitoring equipment to continue working. If the monitoring center no longer needs to collect environmental parameters, it will order the environmental monitoring equipment to enter a dormant state.
监测中心具有环境参数分析功能，根据海量环境数据，结合水动力模型和多源数据同化模型，提供水生态感知模拟与可视化推演平台，运用机器学习、神经网络等智能分析技术推演水质发展变化趋势。建立水环境推演模型包括但不限于以下的方法：1.基于自动聚类技术、粒子群优化技术和模糊趋势预测方法，提出了一种多粒度混合预测的多属性时间序列预测模型。2.基于粗糙集的知识约简与Petri网的智能推理，建立了一种风险系数(RPN)模型，根据获得的水域监测数据进行快速准确地富营养化评价。3.基于粗糙集代数理论与信息熵理论的最优化数学模型，利用历史数据自动调整预测误差的特点，得出水质指标权重的最优解，实现水质参数的中短期高精度预测。根据水环境推演模型，预测未来水生态环境关键参数，实现监测系统监测水域环境整体展示的实景再现与预警预报。The monitoring center has the function of analyzing environmental parameters. Based on massive environmental data, combined with the hydrodynamic model and multi-source data assimilation model, it provides a platform for water ecological perception simulation and visual deduction, and uses machine learning, neural network and other intelligent analysis technologies to deduce the development and change trend of water quality. The establishment of water environment deduction model includes but not limited to the following methods: 1. Based on automatic clustering technology, particle swarm optimization technology and fuzzy trend prediction method, a multi-attribute time series prediction model of multi-granularity mixed prediction is proposed. 2. Based on the knowledge reduction of rough sets and the intelligent reasoning of Petri nets, a risk factor (RPN) model was established, and the eutrophication evaluation was carried out quickly and accurately according to the obtained water area monitoring data. 3. Based on the optimized mathematical model of rough set algebra theory and information entropy theory, using the characteristics of historical data to automatically adjust the prediction error, the optimal solution of water quality index weight is obtained, and the short-term and medium-term high-precision prediction of water quality parameters is realized. According to the water environment deduction model, predict the key parameters of the future water ecological environment, and realize the real scene reproduction and early warning and forecast of the overall display of the monitoring system monitoring the water environment.
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Application publication date: 20160810 |