CN105815039A - Method for harvesting castanea mollissima blume by applying ethephon - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a chestnut harvesting method using ethephon, and belongs to the field of chestnut fruit tree fruit harvesting methods. The invention mainly solves the problems of inconsistency in harvesting time, high labor cost and poor fruit quality in the current chestnut harvesting process. The invention comprises the following steps: knocking off and collecting the chestnut canopy from the chestnut tree body with a bamboo pole in the early stage of chestnut canopy maturity; preparing 1200-1800mg/L ethephon solution; Soak in the ethephon solution for 6-20 seconds, or spray the prepared ethephon solution on the collected chestnut canopy until the chestnut canopy surface is in contact with the solution; the chestnut canopy treated with the ethephon solution is placed in a ventilated carton or In a wooden box, keep it in a dry place without direct sunlight; within 2 to 7 days after treatment, harvest mature chestnut ponies every day. The invention can make the harvesting process of chestnuts more intensive, save harvesting labor costs, reduce the moldy rate of chestnuts during storage, and increase the soluble sugar content of chestnuts by 15-19%.

Description

A method for harvesting chestnuts using ethephon

technical field

The invention relates to a chestnut harvesting method, in particular to a chestnut harvesting method using ethephon.

Background technique

Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) is a nut plant of the genus Chestnut in the family Fagaceae. It is a world-renowned dried fruit and woody food tree species, and it is also the chestnut species with the largest cultivation area and the largest output among edible chestnuts in the world. Chestnut fruit is rich in nutrition, delicious, and rich in starch and protein. It is a famous dried fruit. The choice of harvesting time and the storage effect of chestnut directly affect its economic benefits. Therefore, it is of great significance to increase the production and income of fruit farmers to do a good job in the harvesting and storage of chestnuts.

There are two methods of chestnut harvesting at present. One is the chestnut picking method, that is, when the fruit on the tree is fully ripe, the involucre will automatically crack, and the nuts will be picked after they fall to the ground. This method should be carried out in an orchard with a high degree of intensive management and flat terrain. Because the chestnuts are fully mature and the chestnuts fall, the appearance, quality and keratinization of the chestnuts obtained by the method of picking chestnuts are better. The disadvantage is that if it is not picked up in time, it will be damaged by rodents, and at the same time, it will lose water and affect the yield and quality. Therefore, the standard method of harvesting is to pick twice a day in the morning and evening, but as labor costs rise, the cost of using this method is getting higher and higher. The other is the method of knocking down, that is, when about 1/3 of the involucre on the tree turns from green to yellow and slightly cracked, they are all knocked down with a bamboo pole at one time, and piled up for 7-10 days. Take out the chestnuts after most of the involucres are cracked, and store them thinly in a cool and windless place for two days. After removing the insects, the chestnuts can be stored or sold. This method collects and saves labor, but the disadvantages are that firstly, the maturity of chestnuts is inconsistent, secondly, some chestnuts are injured, which affects the storage effect, and thirdly, the stacking time is long, and it is easy to mold during the stacking process. The chestnut fruit is dark brown and dull, and the quality of the chestnut fruit is poor, and it will also cause the damage of peach borer cluster buds.

Ethylene (Eth) is an important class of plant hormones. After it was recognized in the 1950s, the research progress was very fast. Among them, the triple reaction of ethylene, which induces fruit ripening, induces leaf fall, and induces female differentiation, has become a classic feature of physiological effects. Ethylene can promote the conversion of starch into sugar, improve the flavor and texture of fruit, and make the fruit reach an edible state, and ethylene ripening can promote the color change of non-climate-type fruit and climax-type fruit. At present, it has been widely used in the ripening of postharvest fruits. When the pH of ethephon is above 4, it will gradually decompose and release ethylene. The pH value of forest, fruit and other cell tissues is above 4.1, so after ethephon enters the plant organs, as long as the temperature is suitable, it will release ethylene, which can stimulate, accelerate ripening and increase production. Under normal use, the residual time of ethephon in plants is only a few days, and it is a growth regulator with low toxicity and quick decomposition in plants and soil. At present, ethephon has been widely used in the ripening process of jujube, grape, walnut, persimmon and other crops, but its application in chestnut is limited to the process of promoting flower formation and flower bud differentiation, and has not been applied in the process of chestnut harvesting.

Aiming at the deficiencies of the chestnut harvesting methods at the present stage, the present invention aims to provide a technical method for applying ethephon to the chestnut harvesting process to improve the quality of chestnuts and reduce labor costs for harvesting.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the chestnut harvesting method at the present stage, and provide a chestnut artificial harvesting method using ethephon. In the present invention, during the chestnut harvesting process, the chestnut canopies knocked down from the trees are concentratedly sprayed with ethephon and stored, thereby reducing the labor cost of chestnut harvesting, and improving the appearance quality and sugar content of the chestnuts.

The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a chestnut harvesting method using ethephon, comprising the following steps:

1) In the early stage of chestnut pod maturation (the number of dehiscated chestnut pods accounts for 10% of the total number of the whole plant), the chestnut pods are knocked off from the chestnut tree body with a bamboo pole and collected;

2) Prepare 1200-1800mg/L ethephon solution;

3) Soak the chestnut canopy collected in step 1) in the solution of step 2) for 6-20 seconds, or spray the solution prepared in step 2) on the chestnut canopy collected in step 1) to the surface of the chestnut canopy are in contact with the solution;

4) Place the chestnut awning processed in step 3) in a ventilated carton or wooden box, and leave it in a dry place without direct sunlight;

5) within the 2nd to 7th days after the treatment in step 4), the mature chestnuts are harvested every day.

The chestnut canopy mature stage described in step 1) refers to that the number of chestnut canopy cracks accounts for 10% of the number of chestnut canopy in the whole plant;

The solvent of the ethephon solution described in step 2) is water;

The ripe chestnut pod described in step 5) refers to that the chestnut pod is completely cracked and the chestnut fruit can be taken out, and the chestnut pod is brown and semi-lignified.

The present invention has the following advantages and effects relative to the existing chestnut harvesting technology:

The present invention makes chestnut harvesting process more intensive by collecting chestnut canopy intensively, and then applying ethephon to treat chestnut canopy, and the 10-15 day harvesting period of conventional harvesting method is shortened to 1-2 days, reducing labor cost, and provides a premise for the mechanized harvesting of chestnuts; intensive harvesting also prevents chestnut fruits from being scattered on the ground, moldy, and suffering from rodents and insects; through the application of ethephon, chestnuts can also be concentrated and mature within 2-5 days after application. In China, the quality of chestnut is relatively uniform, and it can be marketed earlier, which can increase the economic income of the orchard; the application of ethephon can promote the conversion of starch in chestnut, and the content of soluble sugar increases by 15-19%.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Example 1

1) In the early stage of chestnut pod maturation (the number of dehiscated chestnut pods accounts for 10% of the total number of the whole plant), the chestnut pods are knocked off from the chestnut tree body with a bamboo pole and collected;

2) Prepare 1200-1800mg/L ethephon solution;

3) soak the chestnut pods collected in step 1) in the container containing the solution in step 2) for 6-20 seconds, then pick up and drain;

4) place the chestnut awning after step 3) in a ventilated carton, and the carton is placed in a dry room without direct sunlight;

5) within the 2nd to 7th days after the treatment in step 4), the mature chestnuts are harvested every day.

The chestnuts harvested by the above-mentioned methods are intensively matured on the 3rd to 4th day after the application of ethephon, and are fully matured on the 7th day, with a mildew rate of 0.4% and an average soluble sugar content of 19.96%.

Example 2

1) In the early stage of chestnut pod maturation (the number of dehiscated chestnut pods accounts for 10% of the total number of the whole plant), the chestnut pods are knocked off from the chestnut tree body with a bamboo pole and collected;

2) Prepare 1200-1800mg/L ethephon solution;

3) the chestnut canopy processed through step 1) is placed in a ventilated wooden box, and placed in a dry room without direct sunlight;

4) Spraying the solution prepared in step 2) on the chestnut canopy collected in step 3) until the surface of the chestnut canopy is in contact with the solution;

5) within the 2nd to 7th days after the treatment in step 4), the mature chestnuts are harvested every day.

The chestnuts harvested by the above-mentioned methods are intensively matured on the 3rd to 4th day after ethephon is applied, and are fully matured on the 7th day, with a mildew rate of 0.5% and an average soluble sugar content of 18.28%.

Comparative Example 1

1) In the early stage of chestnut canopy maturity (the number of cracked chestnut canopy accounts for 10% of the total number of the whole plant), pick up the chestnut fruits and chestnut pods that have fallen to the ground after ripening in the orchard every day until all the fruits are ripe and fall

2) Collect the chestnut fruits picked up in a ventilated wooden box, place them in a drying room without direct sunlight, and pick out moldy and insect-eaten fruits every day

The chestnuts harvested by this method are not concentrated in maturity. During the first 16 days after the early stage of chestnut ripening, the fruits are ripe every day, and they need to be picked up manually every day. The moldy rate is 0.9%, and the average soluble sugar content is 16.57%.

Comparative Example 2

1) When the chestnut pods are in the middle stage of maturity (the number of cracked chestnut pods accounts for 30% of the total number of the whole plant), all the chestnut pods are knocked down with a bamboo pole, and collected

2) Collect the collected chestnut pods in a ventilated wooden box, place them in a drying room without direct sunlight, and pick out moldy and insect-eaten fruits every day until all the pods are ripe and cracked.

The harvesting process of chestnuts harvested by this method is 1 day, but the maturity is not concentrated. Within 25 days after the early stage of chestnut maturity, the chestnut canopy cracks and matures, the mold rate is as high as 1.5%, and the average soluble sugar content is 16.81%.

Compared with Comparative Example 1, the harvesting time of Examples 1-2 is more concentrated, and the harvesting of chestnut fruit trees is completed in only one day, greatly reducing the labor cost of harvesting work, and at the same time, the sugar content is increased by about 20%. Compared with Comparative Example 2, the ripening time of chestnuts in Examples 1-2 is more consistent, the fruit quality of chestnuts is better, the mold rate is significantly reduced, and the soluble sugar content is increased by about 18.7%. Therefore, the present invention has obvious effects on intensive harvesting of chestnuts, reducing costs and improving the quality of chestnuts.

The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, The simplification shall be equivalent replacement methods, all of which are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the collecting Chinese chestnut method using ethephon, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

1) Semen Castaneae Li Peng prematuration period, Li Peng is beaten from Chinese chestnut tree body by (cracking Li Peng number accounts for the 10% of Herb sum) with bamboo pole Fall and collect；

2) ethephon solution of 1200-1800mg/L is prepared；

3) by step 1) the Semen Castaneae Li Peng that hits down and collect is in step 2) solution soaks the 6-20 second, or by step 2) preparation Solution spray in step 1) in collect Li Peng up to Li Peng surface all touch solution；

4) by through step 3) Li Peng that processes is placed in ventilated carton or wooden case, in without direct sunlight, to be dried place quiet Put；

5) through step 4) process after in the 2nd to 7 day, gather every day maturation Li Peng.

The collecting Chinese chestnut method using ethephon the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 1) described in hit down The prematuration period that Semen Castaneae period being Semen Castaneae Li Peng (cracking Li Peng number accounts for the 10% of Herb sum).

The collecting Chinese chestnut method using ethephon the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 2) described in solution For the ethephon solution of 1200-1800mg/L, solvent is water.

The collecting Chinese chestnut method using ethephon the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 3) described in use The method of ethephon solution is, by step 1) the Semen Castaneae Li Peng that hits down and collect is in step 2) solution soaks the 6-20 second, Or by step 2) solution prepared sprays in step 1) in the Li Peng up to Li Peng surface collected all touch solution.