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CN105814858B - 多输入多输出无线通信系统中的自适应预编码 - Google Patents

多输入多输出无线通信系统中的自适应预编码 Download PDF

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CN105814858B
CN105814858B CN201480065687.5A CN201480065687A CN105814858B CN 105814858 B CN105814858 B CN 105814858B CN 201480065687 A CN201480065687 A CN 201480065687A CN 105814858 B CN105814858 B CN 105814858B
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朱登魁
梁平
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    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
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    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
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Abstract

本发明公开了利用SU‑MIMO信道信息估计MU‑MIMO信道信息以选择适合MU‑MIMO信道质量的调制和信道编码的方法、根据对于多个UE的估计自适应选择MU‑MIMO预编码法和在MU‑MIMO预编码中补偿硬件减损的方法。

Description

多输入多输出无线通信系统中的自适应预编码
本申请要求美国临时申请No.61/919,613的权益，美国临时专利申请No.61/919,613提交于2013年12月20日。
技术领域
该发明总体上涉及无线通信，具体地，涉及用于基站(Base Station,BS)根据系统信息、信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)及其估计的误差为大规模多输入多输出(multiple-input-multiple-output,MIMO)无线通信系统中的每一个用户终端(user equipment,UE)估计信道质量信息(channel quality information,CQI)和使用自适应预编码的机制。
背景技术
在大规模/超大规模MIMO系统中，BS装有数十甚至上百的发射天线。其由于在无需功率或带宽增大的情况下提供线性容量增长而已经收到了巨大的关注，并且是用于下一代无线通信系统(例如，超过4G、5G)的关键技术。这种优势是通过采用相比于传统系统配对用户的数目更多的多用户终端多输入多输出(MU-MIMO)技术而实现的。在该系统中，BS在每个调度槽选择用户，并且在同一时频资源块(resource block,RB)上将数据发送给这些用户。预编码向量用于将发射信号映射到数百个发射天线。在实际的系统中，当用户的信道质量较差时，与无线信道匹配的预编码矩阵可以用于取得阵列增益，以使得其增强接收信号的质量。共轭波束成形(conjugate beamforming,CB)就是这类预编码方法中的一种。在CB预编码中，第k个用户的预编码向量是其信道信息的向量的共轭乘以一个常数，当信道质量较好时，用户终端干扰成为系统吞吐量的限制因素，因而需要去除这种干扰的预编码向量以提高系统吞吐量。迫零法(zero-forcing,ZF)是这类预编码法中的一种。在ZF预编码中，第k个用户的预编码向量是其中是第k个用户的多用户干扰信道，定义为而且，由于存在反馈带宽限制和测量误差等系统误差，CSI误差总是无法避免的。因此，BS为UE比较这两种预编码并自适应采用优选的预编码方法是一项挑战。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种解决MU-MIMO系统中的基本问题的方法，即：当这些UE中的仅仅单用户MIMO(single UE MIMIO,SU-MIMO)CQI值可用时，如何为组中的所有UE估计MU-MIMOCQI。由于需要MU-MIMO CQI值选择适当的调制和信道编码模式，因而这是重要的。然而，尽管可以使用导频或测试信号的传输从测量中确定SU-MIMO CQI，但使用导频或测试信号的传输从测量中直接确定MU-MIMO CQI经常是不切实际的。在后一种情况下，时分双工(Time-Division Duplexing，TDD)信道中的信道互易没有帮助，并且对于频分双工(Frequency-Division Duplexing,FDD)和TDD信道，导频或测试信号必须由BS使用MU-MIMO预编码发送给组中所有的UE，MU-MIMO CQI值需要在每个UE加以确定并反馈给BS。在本发明的实施例中，可以利用组中UE的SU-MIMO CQI来估计MU-MIMO CQI，由此显著降低直接从测量中确定MU-MIMO CQI所需要的开销，并且使得MU-MIMO更加可行。一旦MU-MIMO CQI值是可用的，就可以选择适当的调制和信道编码，并且可以估计使用了所选MU-MIMO预编码的MU-MIMO的速率总和。
本发明提供了一种使用上述MU-MIMO CQI估计法的自适应预编码法并且对MU-MIMO用户组中的用户应用自适应预编码。在此方法中，BS收集系统信息，比如下行链路中发射天线的数目、MU-MIMO用户组中的UE的数目、关于每个UE的信息(比如信道质量信息(CQI)和CSI的估计的误差(称为CSI误差))。通过这些信息，BS可以分别估计一个或多个预编码法(比如CB和ZF)的速率总和，并选择具有更大速率总和的预编码矩阵。
硬件减损，尤其是UE中的硬件减损，是MU-MIMO系统的性能的限制因素。本发明还提供了用于特征化硬件减损并利用来自特征化的数据修正预编码以补偿硬件减损的方法。
附图说明
图1是根据SU-MIMO CQI估计MU-MIMO CQI的实施例的流程图。
图2是BS中的自适应预编码的操作处理的图示。
图3是BS获取硬件减损参数(Hardware Impairment Parameters，HIP)和UE的当前温度(Current Temperatures,CT)的图示。
具体实施方式
现在可以参照附图，在附图中，相同的附图标记在全文中指代相同的部分。现在描述本发明的示例性的实施例。这些示例性的实施例用于说明本发明的各方面，而不应该解释为限制本发明的范围。当参照框图或流程图描述这些示例性的实施例时，每个框可以代表方法步骤或者用于执行该方法步骤的装置元件。依据实现方案，可以用硬件、软件、固件或其组合配置对应的装置元件。
在所考虑的的无线通信系统中，BS装有N个下行链路中的发射天线，同时不失一般性地，每个UE有一个接收天线。显然，可以普及到具有多于一个接收天线的UE。
不失一般性地，我们假设，BS已经选择要包括在MU-MIMO组中的UE，这意味着确定可以在同一资源分配上调度的K个UE的索引。之后，BS开始通过SU-MIMO CQI估计MU-MIMOCQI的过程(附图1中的标记1)。首先，BS获得MU-MIMIO UE组中每一个UE的SU-MIMIO CQI(附图1中的标记2)。接下来，BS估计每一个UE的MU-MIMO CQI(附图1中的标记3)。在估计出每个UE的MU-MIMIO COI的情况下，BS接着确定每个UE的调制和信道编码模式(附图1中的标记4)。此后，过程结束(附图1中的标记5)。这些实施例可以针对每一个资源块加以执行，所述资源块定义为频域中的若干个子载波或者时域中的若干个正交频分复用多路复用(OFDM)码元。
一个实施例是估计MU-MIMO CQI值的方法(附图1中的标记3)，包含：BS获取多个UE的SU-MIMO CQI值(附图1中的标记2)，在互易信道的情况下，SU-MIMO CQI值可以通过UE对BS发射导频或测试信号获得，或者在非互易信道的情况下，通过BS对UE发射导频或测试信号并且UE反馈其CQI值至BS来获得。之后，BS使用SU-MIMIO CQI值来估计多个UE的MU-MIMOCQI值。以下列出了使用SU-MIMIO CQI值为多个UE提供MU-MIMIO CQI值的公式。
MU-MIMO CQI的估计公式因所选择的预编码方法而异，其至少包括CB和/或ZF。例如，用于CB的公式如下：
或者
而用于ZF的公式如下：
或者
或者
其中，1/γk是第k个UE的CQI的倒数，uk是第k个用户的归一化信道系数向量(如果uk不是单位向量，则用代替它)。第k个UE的互干扰信道是αk是第k个UE的CSI误差。BS获取αk的方法在下面加以描述。
而且，一旦获得MU-MIMO CQI值的估计后，BS选择适合于MU-MIMO信道的质量的调制和信道编码(附图1中的标记4)。BS还可以选择使多个UE的速率总和增大的预编码。
另一个实施例是利用上文中的MU-MIMO CQI估计的自适应预编码，其呈现在附图2。过程开始(附图2中的标记6)后，BS首先确定当前资源分配上调度的K个UE(附图中的标记7)。而后，BS获取这K个UE的CQI值(附图2中的标记8)。根据CQI参数，BS获得各UE之间的信道相关系数(附图2中的标记9)。之后，BS估计K个UE中每一个UE的SU-MIMO吞吐量，并选择最大值作为当前资源分配上的SU-MIMO吞吐量(附图2中的标记10)。之后BS根据第一预编码方法估计K个UE的速率总和(附图2中的标记11)。之后BS根据第二预编码方法估计K个UE的速率总和(附图2中的标记12)。之后BS根据混合预编码方法估计K个UE的速率总和(附图2中的标记13)。利用这些估计，BS然后选择具有最大的估计值的预编码方法(附图2中的标记14)。此后，过程结束(附图2中的标记15)。在这个实现例中，BS获得K个UE的CQI值(附图2中的标记8)，其表示为1/γk，k＝1，…，K，。这些值可以由UE通过上行链路信道反馈给BS，或者可以使用信道互易通过上行链路传输中的估计而反馈给BS。
当BS估计K个UE中每一个的吞吐量(附图2中的标记10)时，一种方法是计算并且选择这些K个值中最大者作为CSU。
BS可以通过第一预编码方法(比如CB)来估计MU-MIMO用户组的速率总和(附图2中的标记11)。计算方法列出在下面。
CB-1：BS依据估计CB的速率总和。
CB-2：BS获得第k个UE的归一化信道系数向量uk。如果uk不是单位向量，用代替它。而后，BS依据下式估计速率总和：
BS可以基于第二预编码(比如ZF)来估计MU-MIMO用户组的速率总和(附图2中的标记12)。计算方法列出在下面。
ZF-1：BS依据下式估计ZF预编码法的速率总和：
ZF-2：BS获得第k个用户的归一化信道系数向量uk。如果uk不是单位向量，用代替它。而后，BS依据下式估计ZF的速率总和：
此外，BS也可以将这K个UE分为两个集合。第一集合Ω1包含使用第一预编码(比如CB)的K1个UE，而第二个集合Ω2包含剩下的使用第二预编码的K2＝K-K1个UE。一种可能的划分UE的方法可以基于SU-MIMO CQI，例如，具有低于预定阈值的SU-MIMO CQI值的UE属于Ω1，而剩下的UE属于Ω2。假设Ω1的UE索引是Ω2的UE索引是
BS可以通过下面的式子来估计集合，Ω1中的UE的速率总和：
或者
BS可以通过下面的式子来估计集合，Ω2中的UE的速率总和
或者
BS通过混合预编码估计K个UE的速率总和(附图2中的标记13)。在BS获取了CSU，CCS，和CHybrtd的值之后，其将这四个值进行比较，并选择具有最大值或者接近最大估计速率总和的预编码法(附图2中标记14)。
一旦针对当前时刻在每个资源块上结束了自适应预编码(附图2中标记15)，每个资源块在下一时刻可以具有不同的预编码法。
在上面的公式中，假设了BS获取K个UE的CSI误差。下文描述了BS获取CSI误差的三种方法。
在用于FDD系统的称为FDD-1的第一种方法中，CSI由K个用户反馈。在该方法中每个UE计算其自相关系数，并通过上行链路控制信道将其反馈给BS。在UE侧，其估计BS和自身之间的信道向量(以列向量表示)。之后，其将量化为UE的存储器存储的码本集合中的vk(也是列向量)。相关系数可以计算为其中||x||2表示2-范数，定义为之后，αk被量化并通过上行链路控制信道或者共享的数据传输信道反馈给BS。
在用于FDD系统的称为FDD-2的第二种方法中，CSI由UE反馈。在这种方法中，所有UE的CSI误差估计为与下式同样的值：其中d是码本集合中任何两个向量的平均距离。若码本包含M个向量，则M可以计算为其中vi和vj表示码本集合中的两个不同的向量。另一种估计是其中0＜β＜1是可以由BS自身决定的缩放系数，dmax是码本集合中任何两个向量之间的最大距离。
称为TDD-1的第三种方法用于TDD系统，其中，BS采用上行链路传输的信道互易性获得下行链路CSI。令第k个用户的上行链路信道质量为则一种估计信道系数的可能方式是其中参数是BS的发射天线的数目的函数，比如g＝N。
此外，BS可以根据UE的HIP和CT来修正αk以补偿由于UE的硬件的故障带来的影响。
硬件故障是MU-MIMO的限制因素。在一个实施例中，BS使用BS和/或UE中的电路的信息，比如UE的HIP和UE操作的CT中包括信息，以便修正预编码以补偿硬件中的缺陷和非线性所带来的影响。UE的HIP可能包括捕获UE的硬件中的缺陷和非线性的参数。HIP可能也包括不同操作温度下的这些参数。UE的HIP可以在工厂或出售前或交付给用户前加以特征化。这可以通过使用自动测试设备完成，所述自动测试设备可以包括温度室，温度室在操作温度范围中的不同温度下测试UE以获得其HIP。包括其在不同温度下的变化的HIP可以存储于数据库或UE或两者中。附图3呈现了BS获取UE的HIP和CT的过程。该过程开始(附图3中的标记16)于UE接入无线网络(附图3中标记17)，通常是第一次。之后，服务该UE的BS获取UE的唯一设备标识(Unique Device Identity，UDID)信息(附图3中的标记18)。BS可以使用UDID从可与骨干网或者中央处理节点连接的数据库中请求HIP和CT(附图3中标记19)。数据库也能被多个载波的网络共享。BS检测是否从数据库中发现该信息(附图3中标记20)。如果BS成功地获得了该UDID的HIP和CT信息，该过程结束(附图3中标记24)。BS可以要求UE周期性地发送UE的CT至BS，并且BS使用该CT确定合适的HIP用于UE。如果BS无法获得该UDID的HIP和CT，BS可以发送请求通知UE反馈回其HIP和CT(附图3中的标记21)。收到该请求后,UE通过上行链路控制信道或者共享数据信道发送其HIP和CT至其服务BS(附图3中标记22)。BS可以将该HIP和CT发送至数据库供存储(附图3中标记23)，使得将来不再要求相同的UE将其HIP发送至网络中的BS或者可访问数据库的任何BS。BS也可以为了更快速处理在本地保存HIP的副本。此外，当UE从第i个BS移至第j个BS时需要移交的时候，第i个BS可以通过他们之间的骨干网或一些其他连接将该HIP和CT信息发送至第j个BS。在多个BS共享中心节点用于基带处理的实施例中，HIP和CT可以被存储或者缓存于中心节点以供所有邻区BS获取并降低移交开销。由于HIP包括硬件减损在不同温度的特性，因此服务BS可以从UE周期性请求或接收CT，以便其可以将处于正确CT的HIP用于处理以补偿硬件减损。
尽管本发明的优选实施例的以上描述已经示出、描述或阐述了本发明的基础创新特征或原理，但要理解，在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下，本领域技术人员可以进行所阐述的方法、要素或装置、以及其使用的细节形式上的各种省略、替代和变化。因而，本发明的范围不应当限于以上描述。而是，本发明的原理可以应用于广阔范围的方法、系统和装置，以实现这里描述的优点，以及同样实现其他优点或满足其他目标。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于选择MU-MIMO预编码的方法，包括：具有N个天线的BS获得在当前资源分配上调度的多个UE的信道信息；BS计算获得所述多个UE中的SU-MIMO信道信息；BS使用其中UE的SU-MIMO信道信息和信道估计CSI误差计算其MU-MIMO信道信息，且其MU-MIMO信道信息的计算依赖所选的预编码；BS基于第一预编码和相应的MU-MIMO信道信息计算所述多个UE在MU-MIMO下的容量总和；BS基于第二预编码和相应的MU-MIMO信道信息计算所述多个UE在MU-MIMO下的容量总和；BS在使用多个预编码和相应的MU-MIMO信道信息计算的所述多个UE在MU-MIMO下的容量总和中选择具有更高容量总和的预编码法。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：BS计算所述多个UE中每一个的SU-MIMO容量；决定SU-MIMO容量在当前资源分配上的最大值；在选择具有更大容量的预编码方法时，BS包括SU-MIMO容量的最大值。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：为每一个资源块或每一组资源块选择不同的预编码方法。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：通过把所述多个UE划分成两个或多个集合并对每个集合使用不同的预编码，BS基于所述混合预编码计算所述多个UE在MU-MIMO下的容量总和。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，还包括：基于UE在SU-MIMO下的信道质量信息，将所述多个UE划分到两个或者更多个集合。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法，还包括：为每一个资源块或每一组资源块选择不同的预编码方法。
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