CN105448170B - A kind of imitative body Model including tree-shaped pipeline configuration - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of medical and health care, and relates to a phantom model, in particular to a phantom model containing a tree-like pipe structure. The phantom model of the present invention includes a colloidal model of surrounding tissues and a hollow pipe model. The pipeline model is a pipeline formed directly inside the surrounding tissue colloid model, and there is no separation membrane or partition wall between it and the surrounding tissue glue. The model has the advantage of good sound permeability, effectively guarantees the quality of the sonogram, can effectively simulate the important pipeline structure in the human body (such as the liver), obtains better simulation performance, and makes the model more widely used, and can be used as The landmark structure during the planning of the ablation technique can also be used for the training and training of the cavity radiography technique.

Description

A phantom model with a tree-like pipeline structure

technical field

The invention belongs to the medical and health field, and relates to a phantom model, in particular to a phantom model for simulating the tree structure of human blood vessels.

Background technique

The imitation tissue model is a key and commonly used tool in the learning and training of interventional ultrasound technology. However, the phantom model and its realization technology for imitating the human vascular tree structure are still very limited. In terms of imitating the surrounding tissues of human blood vessels, because the propagation speed of ultrasound in carrageenan colloid is closer to the real situation of the human body, carrageenan is often used as a model material. In terms of imitating human blood vessels, since the sonogram in the human blood vessels is anechoic, an anechoic solid material can be used to embed in the surrounding tissue glue. However, the blood vessel model at this time is actually solid. It is inconsistent with the actual situation of the human body, and it is also difficult to fill specific substances in the blood vessel model for research when necessary. Another way is to embed the hollow pipe in the surrounding tissue glue. At this time, there is a layer of pipe wall between the hollow pipe inside the simulated blood vessel and the surrounding tissue glue, although this model is closer to the actual situation (there are also blood vessels in the human body. wall), however, the inventors found that the pipe wall simulated by the currently used materials will affect the ultrasound penetration and affect the quality of the acoustic image in the pipe.

Contents of the invention

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a novel phantom model for simulating human blood vessels or bile ducts.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a novel phantom model for simulating the tree structure of human blood vessels.

The third object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above phantom model.

The invention achieves the above object through the following technologies:

The invention provides a phantom model, including a peripheral tissue colloid model and a hollow pipe model, the hollow pipe model is a pipe directly formed inside the surrounding tissue colloid model, and there is no separation membrane or partition wall between the surrounding tissue glue .

Peripheral tissue glue (matrix material) contains one or more of agarose, agar, konjac gum, carrageenan, and gelatin.

The inventors found that although the model does not have the pipe wall/membrane imitating the blood vessel wall, the model can clearly display the internal conditions of the pipe during ultrasound training, and will not produce ultrasonic attenuation caused by the pipe wall material.

Preferably, the hollow pipe in the phantom model is a hollow pipe with two or more branches. At this time, the phantom model contains tree-shaped cavity pipes, which can be used to simulate human (liver) blood vessels or bile ducts. At present, no phantom model containing tree-like cavity pipes has been found on the market. The simulation of human blood vessels mostly uses solid tubular substances , the degree of simulation is not high, and the application range is narrow. This phantom model contains a tree-like cavity pipe structure, and the ultrasonic performance is a tree-like anechoic structure, which has the advantages of good sound permeability, effectively guarantees the quality of the sonogram, and can effectively simulate the important organs in the human body (liver). The pipeline structure can be used as a landmark structure during ablation technique planning, and can also be used for training and training of cavity angiography techniques. It can also be used as a registration mark in image registration, especially suitable for the recent new technology of image registration based on three-dimensional ultrasound-ultrasound (this technology performs image registration by extracting the anechoic pipeline structure in the model, other phantom models difficult to replace).

Preferably, the peripheral tissue glue of the present invention uses agarose or agar as the main raw material. Although the matrix material of the current ultrasonic phantom model usually uses carrageenan as the main raw material, however, in the present invention, the inventors found that the optimal material is agarose or agar.

Although as optional materials, konjac gum, carrageenan, gelatin can be used as matrix material. However, in the present invention, the inventor has tried a variety of matrix materials, except that agarose and agar are applicable in all aspects, but the effects of konjac gum, carrageenan, and gelatin are not satisfactory. This is because:

The present invention simulates the model of pipelines such as blood vessels/bile ducts to be hollow and has no separating material between the matrigel (peripheral tissue glue). Therefore, it is required that the making of the modified model preferably meets two conditions at least: 1. the matrigel has suitable hardness /Edge integrity, easy to make hollow pipe model; 2. When the model is placed in water body, Matrigel has high stability, maintains the integrity of the edge, and is not easy to become blunt. After comparing various materials, the inventors found that when agarose or agar was used as raw material to make peripheral tissue glue, the effect was far superior to other materials. It can facilitate the smooth operation of the manufacturing process to form a hollow pipe with a smooth surface. At the same time, the formed model can still maintain stability after being placed in water for a long time, the hollow pipe is not deformed, and the edges are not easy to become blunt. However, konjac gum, carrageenan, and gelatin are less effective, or there is a problem that the hollow pipe with a smooth surface cannot be obtained stably (part of the matrix gel is adhered to the pipe mold when it is pulled out); or the stability of the model is not high when soaked in water. The colloid swells and deforms after being exposed to water; or the moisture precipitates out quickly when placed in the air, causing the colloid to deform.

This difference can be seen more intuitively through the reflective effect of the pipeline section photo in Figure 5. Figure 5A is the pipeline photo when agar is used as the matrix material. It can be seen from the reflective effect that the surface is smooth, and the effect of agarose is similar to it. The effect of other matrix materials is used, and the reflection effect shows that the surface of the pipe is not smooth.

The effect of water resistance and stability can be reflected by the section photos of the pipeline after soaking. Figure 6 shows the cross-sectional photos of the pipeline after soaking. A is the agar matrix. After soaking for 24 hours, the diameter of each section of the pipeline is still very good, and the surface of the pipeline is smooth; B is the carrageenan matrix. After soaking for 6 hours, the pipeline The diameter of each section is uneven, and the surface is not smooth; Figure C is the agarose matrix, after soaking for 24 hours, the surface is still smooth, and the uniformity of the pipe diameter is basically maintained.

More preferably, the peripheral tissue glue is made of agarose-saline solution or agar-saline solution, and the mass ratio of agarose/agar to saline solution is 2:66-110. The saline solution may preferably be 0.1-3.0% w/w saline solution; more preferably 0.9% physiological saline.

At this time, in order to adjust the ultrasound echo intensity of the peripheral tissue glue, it is preferable to add a gastric window ultrasound contrast agent to the peripheral tissue glue; the mass ratio of the agarose to the gastric window ultrasound contrast agent is 4:1-3.

As an optional solution, the phantom model may further include a tumor colloid model and/or a water sac model. The phantom model contains a tumor colloid model, and the tumor colloid can contain colloid raw materials (one or more of agar, agarose, carrageenan, konjac gum, and gelatin) and gastric window ultrasound contrast agent, with a mass ratio of 2 : 3-5, hyperechoic on ultrasound, easy to distinguish. It can be used as an interventional puncture target in the training of ultrasonic interventional technology; it can be used as an ablation or planning target in the training of tumor thermal ablation technology; it can be used as a landmark structure in the training of image registration technology. The water bladder model contained in the phantom model has no echo in ultrasound, and can be used to simulate important structures such as human gallbladder or gastrointestinal tract. When formulating a tumor thermal ablation plan, damage to important structures around the tumor should be avoided. The water bladder in the phantom model can simulate the important structures around the tumor. It can also be used as a landmark structure for image registration during image registration technical training.

The invention also provides a method for preparing a phantom model, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

(1) Select a rod-shaped or tubular material with a hardness of 50-80 and a resilience of 48-55 as the pipe mold;

(2) Heat, mix and dissolve one or more of agarose, agar, konjac flour, carrageenan, and gelatin with 0.1-3.0% w/w saline solution at a mass ratio of 2:66-110 to form a peripheral tissue gel solution ;

(3) The surrounding tissue glue solution embeds the pipeline mold and cools and solidifies to become the surrounding tissue glue embedded with the pipeline mold;

(4) The pipeline mold is pulled out from the surrounding tissue glue to become a phantom model containing a hollow pipeline.

In the above step (2), the more preferred Matrigel material is agarose or agar.

The inventors have found that the concentration of the surrounding tissue glue solution (such as agarose solution, agar solution) also has a relatively important impact on the preparation process and the formed model, and the surrounding tissue glue solution will affect the hardness and colloidal solidification speed of the model, thereby affecting the molding process. Effects and echo uniformity. Taking agarose as an example, when the ratio of agarose to saline is less than 2:110, the hardness of the colloid after solidification is too soft, and the model is easy to grind or form a rough surface in the subsequent process (during the extraction process of the pipeline mold). Pipe curved surface; when the ratio of agarose to saline is greater than 2:66, the hardness of the colloid after solidification is relatively hard, and at the same time the solidification speed is fast, which not only wastes the colloid, but also may cause uneven echoes of the model during the casting process. The inventor found that when the mass ratio of agarose to saline is 2:66-110, the hardness of the colloid is moderate and the solidification speed is moderate, which is conducive to maintaining the uniformity of the model echo, the pipeline model is easy to be pulled out smoothly, and the formed hollow pipeline has Smooth camber.

Preferably, the cooling described in step (4) is that the temperature of the peripheral tissue glue solution starts to cool from 60-70°C. The reason why the initial temperature of cooling is preferably controlled is because of the control of the temperature in the model perfusion molding stage. After each structure is fixed on the casting mold, when the surrounding tissue glue solution is poured, the temperature should not be too high (too high will cause the phantom model to be formed. slow, which will further lead to difficulty in guaranteeing the homogeneity of the echo of the phantom model, and the risk of tumor model melting is high), and it should not be too low. Too low will cause the matrigel to agglomerate during perfusion. The temperature is around 60-70°C.

When the model is cast, try to remove the air in the mold and then seal it to prevent the formed phantom model from containing gas, which will affect the quality of the acoustic image of the model. During the cooling and molding process of the model, pay attention to turning over the casting mold to ensure that the echo of the model is uniform.

Preferably, the pipe mold has a two-stage or multi-stage detachable/assembled branch structure.

As a preferred solution, in the production of the tree structure, the present invention adopts a detachable tree mold to make the cavity pipeline, which can effectively protect the integrity of the phantom model and prevent the phantom model from being damaged during the production process (different from Cavity pipes made of non-detachable tree-shaped molds), in terms of the connection method of the detachable tree-shaped molds, the connection principle of not destroying the shape of the trunk is used for connection, and the damage of the model is also prevented during disassembly. When the tree mold is fixed, the free end of the tree mold should be gently fixed on the wall of the casting container, and the free end should be kept in contact with the container wall. The free end at the trunk position is fixed at the center of the bottom of the container, and the free end of the branch is in contact with the side wall or top wall, so that after the phantom model is cooled and formed, the tree mold can easily find the free end. When pulling out the tree-shaped mold, considering the connection method of the tree-shaped mold, the last branch should be pulled out first, and then the main trunk should be pulled out in order to avoid damage to the phantom model.

Preferably, a gastric window ultrasound contrast agent is added to the solution described in step (2), and the mass ratio of agarose and gastric window ultrasound contrast agent is 4:1 to 3; preferably, the saline described in step (2) is saline.

The optional step also includes the preparation of tumor colloid and/or water sac; in step (3), the surrounding tissue glue solution also embeds the tumor colloid and water sac at the same time, and then solidifies and forms.

The preparation method of the tumor gel is as follows: heating and mixing agarose, gastric window ultrasound contrast agent and saline according to the mass ratio of 2:3-5:66-110, and then cooling and solidifying to form a tumor colloid model. For the fixation of the tumor colloid model, the tumor model can be fixed in the casting container with a cross of silk thread to ensure that the tumor does not shift after casting.

Preferably, the water bladder is a membrane/plastic/rubber sleeve filled with water. The air in the water bladder should be excluded as much as possible when making the water bladder to ensure the quality of the ultrasonic image.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention produces a tissue imitation model containing a tree-like pipeline structure, which is used for verification and training of 3D ultrasound/ultrasound image registration technology based on vascular tree, experimental research of ablation plan, training of tunnel imaging technology and ultrasound Manipulation, interventional ultrasound technology learning and training, etc. The liver-like ultrasonic phantom device and evaluation method for evaluating contrast agents in vitro, the liver-like ultrasonic phantom for evaluating contrast agents in vitro, has acoustic characteristics similar to human liver, and can provide simulation when used for evaluating contrast agents in vitro In vivo background ultrasound image.

2. The phantom model contains a tree-like cavity pipe structure. Ultrasound shows a tree-like anechoic structure, which is similar to the blood vessels of the human liver. At present, no phantom model containing a tree-like cavity pipe has been found on the market. As one of the main structures of the model, the cavity and pipeline structure has the advantage of good sound permeability, which effectively ensures the quality of the sonogram, and can effectively simulate the important pipeline structure in the human body (such as the liver) to obtain better simulation. The model can be used in a wider range, and can be used as a landmark structure during ablation technology planning, and can also be used for training and training of cavity angiography technology. It can also be used as a registration mark in image registration, especially suitable for the recent new technology of image registration based on 3D ultrasound-ultrasound (this technology performs image registration by extracting the anechoic pipeline structure in the model).

3. The simulation of the model is high. In addition to the common structure of the human body, its ultrasonic characteristics are very close to human tissue. At 25°C, the ultrasonic propagation speed of the model is 1514±5m/s under standard atmospheric pressure, and the acoustic image shows The echo intensity is very close to the human liver.

4. The cost of model making is low, the requirements for the manufacturing environment are low, and the stability is good. In a preferred embodiment, the phantom model made of agarose is placed in a water bath at 2-25°C for 96 hours and after 6 months, the shape There is no obvious change in the echo characteristics of the internal structures.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tree-shaped mold adopted in a specific embodiment of the present invention. The connection method of the tree-shaped mold should not affect the outline of the main trunk or the upper branch in principle, and should be easy to disassemble.

Fig. 2 shows the state of the casting container in a specific embodiment of the present invention before casting, and the casting container is built with a tree-shaped mold, a tumor model and a water bag. The tumor model is yellow opaque colloid (indicated by the gray arrow); the water bladder is made of a rubber sleeve filled with water and sealed (indicated by the black arrow); the tree-shaped mold is made of yellow silicone tubes (indicated by the white arrow), and its trunk is fixed on In the middle of the bottom wall of the casting container, most of the free ends of the first and second genus branches are fixed on the side wall, and a small part is fixed on the top wall.

Fig. 3 is the two-dimensional ultrasonic diagram of each structure of phantom model: The tree-like pipeline structure appears echo-free on the ultrasound image, showing good continuity, similar to the human liver vascular system; The water cyst appears oval-shaped and anechoic on the ultrasound image (pointed by the black arrow); The tumor model is hyperechoic on the ultrasound image (indicated by the gray arrow); the ultrasound surface of the surrounding tissue glue is isoechoic, and the echo intensity is similar to that of the human liver.

Figure 4 is the 3D reconstruction of the phantom model: the system uses the 3D ultrasound volume data to automatically extract the echo-free area and perform 3D reconstruction. The dark gray part in the figure is the reconstruction of the tree-like pipeline structure and the reconstruction of the water bladder model, and the light gray part is the tumor Model reconstruction diagram.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional photo of the model of different matrix materials; the colloid is made of the matrix material and 0.9% saline according to the ratio of 2:75.

Figure 6 is the cross-sectional photo of the pipeline after immersion in the models of different matrix materials; the colloid is made of the matrix material and 0.9% saline according to the ratio of 2:75, after the model is formed, it is soaked in tap water for a certain period of time at 25°C take out.

Detailed ways

The following embodiments further illustrate the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following examples, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the principle or concept of the present invention should be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Through the following steps as an example, the phantom model including the tree structure of the present invention can be prepared. Matrigel in the example is equivalent to the concept of peripheral tissue glue.

(1) Prepare a tree structure mold. Use silicone tubes (or silicone rods) of different thicknesses to connect them into a tree structure. The diameter of the silicone tubes ranges from 3 to 15 cm. The connection principle: choose the silicone tube with the largest diameter for the trunk of the tree structure, and choose the smaller silicone tube for the first-level branches. For the secondary genus, choose the smaller No. 1 silicone tube, and the diameters decrease in turn. The connection method is required to be detachable, and does not affect the outline of the trunk or the upper level branch (Figure 1). Generally, it can be connected to the 1-3 level branch.

(2) Preparation of tumor models. Mix agarose powder, stomach window powder and 0.9% normal temperature saline according to the mass ratio of 2:3~5:66~110, stir evenly, heat to 70-90 degrees, pour into the casting mold and cool Molded.

(3) Prepare the water bag, which is made by filling the rubber sleeve with water and then sealing it (note that the air in the container is exhausted).

(4) Preparation of peripheral tissue glue. Mix agarose powder, gastric window powder and 0.9% normal temperature saline according to the mass ratio of 4:1~3:132~220, stir evenly and heat to 70-90 degrees, then maintain the temperature at about 60 degrees and wait use.

(5) Model casting. To fix the prepared tree-shaped mold in the casting container, the free end of the tree-shaped mold is required to be gently fixed on the container wall, and the free end is kept in contact with the container wall. The free end of the trunk position is fixed at the center of the bottom of the container, and the free ends of the genus branches touch the side wall or the top wall. After the tumor model and the water bag are fixed in place by silk thread, the evenly stirred liquid Matrigel is poured into the container. Close the casting container after completion (note that the air in the container is exhausted).

(6) Model forming. Place the casted container in ice water or a cold water bath to cool and shape it. During the cooling process, pay attention to turning the container intermittently to keep the echo uniformity after the model is formed. After cooling completely, pour out the solid Matrigel and its contents from the casting container, find each free end of the tree-shaped mold, and pull out the tree-shaped mold in the order of the last branch first and then the trunk. The tubes will fall off on their own in turn on the tree mold. Find the silk threads that fix the tumor model and pull them out one by one.

The molded model contains tree-like hollow pipes inside, and the surface of the pipes is smooth.

Example 1

(1) Prepare a tree structure mold. Use silicone tubes of different thicknesses to connect them into a tree structure. The diameters of the silicone tubes are 4, 6, 10, and 15 mm. Connect to two silicone tubes with a diameter of 10mm to form a tree-shaped mold with secondary branches, and make two sets of tree-shaped molds in this way (Figure 2).

(2) Preparation of tumor models. Mix and stir agarose powder, stomach window powder and 0.9% normal temperature saline according to the mass ratio of 2:3:100, stir evenly, heat to 70-90 degrees, pour into the casting mold and cool to form.

(3) Prepare the water bag, which is made by filling the rubber sleeve with water and then sealing it (note that the air in the container is exhausted).

(4) Prepare Matrigel. Mix agarose powder, gastric window powder and 0.9% normal temperature saline according to the mass ratio of 4:1:200, stir well, heat to 70-90 degrees, and then maintain the temperature at about 60 degrees for use.

(5) Model casting. Fix the two sets of tree-shaped molds prepared in the casting container, and gently fix the free end of the tree-shaped mold on the container wall, keeping the free end in contact with the container wall. The free end of the trunk position is fixed at the center of the bottom of the container, and the free end of the genus branches touches the side wall or top wall (Figure 2). Then pour the surrounding tissue glue that is stirred evenly into the container, and close the casting container after pouring (note that it is drained out completely). air in the container).

(6) Model forming. Place the casted container in ice water or a cold water bath to cool and shape it. During the cooling process, pay attention to turning the container intermittently to keep the echo uniformity after the model is formed. After cooling down completely, pour out the solid Matrigel and the tree-shaped mold inside, find each free end of the tree-shaped mold, pull out the free end and press to pull out the silicone tube with a diameter of 4mm first, and then pull out the silicone tube with a diameter of 6mm , and then pull out the silicone tube with a diameter of 10mm, and finally pull out the silicone tube with a diameter of 15mm. During the extraction process, the silicone tube will fall off on the tree-shaped mold in turn. The process of pulling out the silicone tube was smooth without any adhesion phenomenon, and the pulled out silicone tube did not have any surrounding tissue glue.

(7) The use and testing of phantom models. Use of the phantom model: place the phantom model in the water tank, exhaust the air in the tree-like cavity structure in the phantom model, and perform ultrasonic scanning or training operations after fixing the phantom model.

Detection of the phantom model: the phantom model contains tree-shaped hollow pipes with smooth surfaces and clear boundaries. At 25°C, the ultrasonic propagation velocity of the model under standard atmospheric pressure is 1514m/s, which is very close to the average ultrasonic propagation velocity of human soft tissue. The property is stable, the phantom model remains intact in the water bath environment (time point 24H and 6 months), the diameter of each section of the pipe is uniform, the edge is sharp, the surface is smooth, the shape of the pipe and the echo characteristics of the internal structures do not change significantly, and the tree-like space The ultrasonography of the lumen and duct structure showed a tree-like anechoic appearance with good continuity (Fig. 3, 4).

Example 2

Same as Example 1, but when preparing Matrigel, agar powder, stomach window powder and 0.9% normal temperature saline were mixed and stirred according to the mass ratio of 4:1:140.

Detection of the phantom model: the phantom model contains tree-shaped hollow pipes with smooth surfaces and clear boundaries. At 25°C, the ultrasonic propagation velocity of the model under standard atmospheric pressure is 1514m/s, which is very close to the average ultrasonic propagation velocity of human soft tissue. The property is stable, the phantom model remains intact in the water bath environment (time point 24H and 6 months), the diameter of each section of the pipe is uniform, the edge is sharp, the surface is smooth, the shape of the pipe and the echo characteristics of the internal structures do not change significantly, and the tree-like space The ultrasonography of the lumen and duct structure showed a tree-like anechoic appearance with good continuity (Fig. 3, 4).

Example 3

Same as Example 1, but when preparing Matrigel, adjust the mass ratio of agarose to saline, and compare the results.

Example 4

Same as Example 1, but when preparing matrigel, adjust the addition ratio of gastric window ultrasound contrast agent.

Example 5

Same as Example 1, but when the tumor is glued, the addition ratio of the gastric window ultrasound contrast agent is adjusted.

Example 6

Same as Example 1, but when preparing Matrigel, carrageenan is used instead of agarose.

Detection of the phantom model: the phantom model contains a tree-like hollow pipe inside, and the surface smoothness of the pipe is inferior to that of Example 1 through tactile sensation and visual observation. At 25°C, the ultrasonic propagation speed of the model under standard atmospheric pressure is 1514m/s, which is consistent with the soft tissue of the human body. The average ultrasonic propagation velocity of is very close. In the phantom model water bath environment, the surface of the colloid is easy to soften (time point 24h and 72h), the sections of the pipeline are uneven, the edges become blunt, and the surface is not smooth.

Claims (13)

1. A phantom body model, characterized in that the phantom body model comprises a peripheral tissue colloid model and a hollow pipe model, and the hollow pipe model is a pipeline directly formed inside the surrounding tissue colloid model, and the surrounding tissue colloid model There are no separating membranes or walls in between; The colloidal model of peripheral tissue comprises peripheral tissue glue; The peripheral tissue glue is one or both of agarose and agar; The peripheral tissue glue is made of agarose/agar-saline solution, and the mass ratio of the agarose/agar to saline solution is 2:66～110; The peripheral tissue glue also contains a gastric window ultrasound contrast agent; the mass ratio of the agarose to the gastric window ultrasound contrast agent is 4:1-3. 2. The phantom model according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow pipe in the phantom model is a multi-level branched hollow pipe. 3. The phantom model according to claim 1, characterized in that the phantom model further comprises a tumor colloid model and/or a water bladder model. 4 . The phantom model according to claim 3 , wherein the tumor colloid model contains agarose and a gastric window ultrasound contrast agent in a mass ratio of 2:3-5. 5. A method for preparing a phantom model as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it may further comprise the steps: (1) Select rod-shaped or tubular materials as pipe molds; (2) heat, mix and dissolve one or both of agarose and agar with 0.1-3.0% w/w saline solution at a mass ratio of 2:66-110 to form a peripheral tissue glue solution; Gastric window ultrasound contrast agent is added, and the mass ratio of agarose and gastric window ultrasound contrast agent is 4:1-3; (3) The surrounding tissue glue solution embeds the pipeline mold and cools and solidifies to become the surrounding tissue glue embedded with the pipeline mold; (4) Extract the pipe mold from the surrounding tissue glue to become a phantom model containing a hollow pipe, that is, a hollow pipe model. 6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that the pipe mold has a multi-stage detachable/assembled branch structure. 7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that the hardness of the rod-shaped or tubular material is 50-80, and the resilience is 48-55. 8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, the rod-shaped or tubular material is a silica gel material. 9. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that the saline solution described in step (2) is 0.9% physiological saline. 10. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that the temperature of the peripheral tissue glue solution starts to cool from 60-70°C. 11. preparation method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described step also comprises the preparation of tumor colloid, and/or the preparation of water bag; In step (3), peripheral tissue glue solution also embeds simultaneously Tumor colloid and water sac, and then solidified into shape; the preparation method of the tumor colloid is: heating and mixing agarose, gastric window ultrasound contrast agent and saline according to the mass ratio of 2:3～5:66～110, and then cooling Solidified into tumor colloid models. 12. The preparation method as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the water bag is a membrane sleeve filled with water. 13. The preparation method according to claim 12, characterized in that the film cover is a plastic cover/rubber cover.