CN105384579A - Saline-alkali soil paddy rice special-purpose carbon-based organic fertilizer and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to saline-alkali soil paddy rice special-purpose carbon-based organic fertilizer. The saline-alkali soil paddy rice special-purpose carbon-based organic fertilizer has a low cost and high fertilizer efficiency, is economic and environmentally friendly, improves a soil water binding capacity and permeability, and has functions of keeping fertility, slowly releasing fertilizer and reducing paddy rice salinization. The saline-alkali soil paddy rice special-purpose carbon-based organic fertilizer comprises biomass charcoal, chicken manure, pyroligneous liquor, fermented soybean meal and potassium humate. The biomass charcoal is prepared by thermal cracking charring of biomass raw materials under anoxic conditions. The saline-alkali soil paddy rice special-purpose carbon-based organic fertilizer can be used for paddy rice plantation, can improve a saline-alkali soil environment and can improve an organic paddy rice yield.

Description

A special carbon-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil and its application

technical field

The invention relates to a carbon-based organic fertilizer, in particular to a special carbon-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil and its application, belonging to the field of organic fertilizers.

Background technique

my country has a long history of farming, a lot of people and less land, high planting index, and low soil fertility. In order to obtain high yield, the amount of chemical fertilizer application must be increased, and the method of fertilizer application is improper, such as "one shot", surface application, etc., resulting in fertilizer utilization. Low, excessive application of chemical fertilizers will cause eutrophication of water bodies and pollute the environment.

As early as thousands of years ago, charcoal was used as a soil improver by the ancient Indians in the Amazon region of South America to improve the tropical weathered and leached soil in South America. The soil fertility of the local area is still 2 to 3 times that of the local unimproved soil. Black soil (terrapreta), since the 1990s, global warming has become a global concern. In the process of seeking technologies to reduce global carbon emissions, scientists have realized the carbon sequestration of biochar from TerraPreta and soil black carbon research. And carbon emission reduction, which has triggered a global research upsurge in re-recognizing biochar and producing biochar by pyrolysis.

In Japan from 1957 to 1978, Mr. Hiroshima Guanben used pyroligneous acid solution to prevent vegetable root rot. In Brazil, some people used charcoal to treat the soil to plant eucalyptus. In India, it was reported that charcoal was used as the inoculum of leguminous nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Researchers at home and abroad have explored the combination of biochar and organic fertilizers, and used organic fertilizers to make up for the deficiencies of the lack of nutrients contained in biochar. Because biochar-based fertilizers have a slow-release effect of nutrients, they can delay release, reduce nutrient loss, and improve fertilizer nutrient utilization. After the release of loaded nutrients, biochar can still exchange and absorb soil water and fertilizer, improving soil water and fertilizer retention. Promote the reproduction and activity of beneficial soil microorganisms, exert its function as a soil improver, and refractory biochar can sequester carbon in the soil. The combination of biochar and organic fertilizer can bring biochar into the soil through fertilization every season, reducing the demand pressure caused by applying a large amount of biochar to the soil at one time. The combination of biochar and organic fertilizer can also increase the mass density of biochar and reduce the Biochar dust loss, especially when biochar and organic fertilizer compound granulation can greatly reduce the difficulty and loss of biochar application operations.

The Songnen Plain is one of the largest plains in my country. It is also one of the areas where land salinization develops most rapidly and poses the most serious hazards to agriculture and animal husbandry in China. It is also one of the three concentrated distribution areas of soda saline soil in the world. In the Songnen Plain in Northeast China, the salinized land area is about 3.27 million hm ² , accounting for 21% of the plain area. It is the largest distribution area of soda salinized soil in China.

Soil salinization is a progressive environmental geological disaster. It is a phenomenon that the soil is enriched with salt and alkali under the action of natural and human factors to a level that inhibits the normal growth of crops, endangers the growth of crops, and aggravates the deterioration of the ecological environment. In addition, when the roadbed is filled with saline-alkali soil, the roadbed will become loose, the water permeability will be weakened, the expansibility will increase, and the stability of the roadbed will be reduced. The soluble salt in it will corrode the building materials and damage the engineering facilities.

At present, the control measures of salinized land can be divided into two categories: one is non-biological measures, which mainly include: water conservancy projects, and the establishment of perfect irrigation and drainage systems. The second is biological measures, mainly including: strengthening the construction of shelterbelts and the management and construction of grasslands, such as planting trees and grass, fencing, etc.; introducing pioneer plants or saline-alkali-tolerant plants; root stubble cultivation, straw mulching, and artificial establishment of hay layers , add organic fertilizer and organic materials (such as organic compound fertilizer, manure, green manure and straw, etc.). Previous measures to improve saline-alkali soil have some improvement effects, but these measures and technologies have not really touched the barrier rice saline-alkali soil, and have not fundamentally improved the physical and chemical properties of rice saline-alkali soil.

The invention improves the poor physical and chemical properties of rice saline-alkali soil through the application of special carbon-based organic fertilizers for rice in saline-alkali soil, reduces the bulk density of saline-alkali soil through the special structure of biochar, improves the water holding capacity, water permeability and air permeability of saline-alkali soil, and increases soil Microbial content and water and fertilizer retention capacity, fundamentally improve the poor physical and chemical properties of rice saline-alkali soil, in order to promote the sustainable development of agriculture to achieve the purpose of increasing production and efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a special carbon-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil, which has the characteristics of low cost, high fertilizer efficiency, convenient use, and environmental protection.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A charcoal-based organic fertilizer special for rice in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following components: biochar, chicken manure, wood vinegar, fermented soybean meal, and potassium humate.

Wherein, the biomass charcoal is prepared from biomass raw materials subjected to pyrolysis and carbonization under anaerobic conditions.

Wherein, the biomass raw materials include corn stalks, rice stalks and soybean stalks.

Wherein, the thermal cracking and carbonization temperature is 500-700°C.

Wherein, the thermal cracking and carbonization time is 2 to 3 hours.

Wherein, the parts by weight of each component are: 250-350 parts of biochar, 350-400 parts of chicken manure, 75-150 parts of wood vinegar, 75-150 parts of fermented soybean meal, and 75-150 parts of potassium humate.

Preferably, the parts by weight of the components are: 300 parts of biochar, 400 parts of chicken manure, 150 parts of wood vinegar, 75 parts of fermented soybean meal, and 75 parts of potassium humate.

A method for preparing the special charcoal-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps:

1) Biomass raw materials are subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization at 500-700°C and anaerobic conditions for 2-3 hours to obtain biochar;

2) Biomass charcoal, chicken manure, wood vinegar, fermented soybean meal, and potassium humate are mixed according to the weight parts, crushed, stirred, granulated, and dried to make granular organic fertilizer.

The application of the special carbon-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil in improving saline-alkali soil of rice.

Wherein, the application method of the special carbon-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil in improving saline-alkali soil of rice is: before rice planting, according to the nitrogen content of the same conventional chemical fertilizer in rice planting, that is, the same as the nitrogen content of conventional chemical fertilizer in rice planting Nitrogen content is the same, applied to the soil.

The present invention differs from the prior art in that the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

(1) "Deep plowing and mixed application": through high-horsepower mechanical tillage and deep plowing and mixed application, the special carbon-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil is directly applied to the saline-alkali soil layer, and the bad physical properties of saline-alkali soil are fundamentally improved , improve its aeration and water holding capacity, biochar itself is black, has the characteristics of light absorption and temperature increase, and plays an important role in solving the problems of low ground temperature in early spring, emergence and slow growth.

(2) "Fertilizer sustained release": The present invention uses biomass charcoal as a raw material, which has the characteristics of large specific surface area and rich pores, and has a strong adsorption capacity for water and fertilizer. After being applied to the soil, it can not only significantly reduce the The leaching phenomenon can prolong the fertilizer efficiency and improve the fertilizer utilization rate. At the same time, it can increase the water permeability and air permeability of the soil, and reduce the soil bulk density. Its rich pores can effectively increase the living environment and quantity of soil microorganisms.

(3) "Relief of salinization": The special carbon-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil is acidic. After being applied to the soil, it can effectively solve and inhibit the phenomenon of soil salinization and improve the chemical properties of saline-alkali soil.

(4) "Economy and environmental protection": The raw material of biochar is mainly agricultural and forestry waste, which is one of the products of biomass pyrolysis. The source of raw materials is wide and the cost is low. Biomass charcoal can be significantly Reduce the pollution gas produced by the burning of agricultural waste such as straw, reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and the occurrence of "smog", and at the same time fix carbon in the soil for a long time, effectively reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

detailed description

The above-mentioned and other technical features and advantages of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

1. Preparation of Biochar

Example 1

After the corn stalks were dried and pulverized, they were subjected to anaerobic high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization treatment in an XN-II type straw pyrolysis carbonization furnace at 500°C for 3 hours. After carbonization, they were cooled and pulverized, and passed through a 2mm sieve to obtain biochar raw materials.

Example 2

After the rice straw is dried and pulverized, it is subjected to anaerobic high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization in an XN-II type straw pyrolysis carbonization furnace at 600°C for 2.5 hours. After carbonization, it is cooled and pulverized, and passed through a 2mm sieve to obtain the raw material of biochar.

Example 3

After the soybean stalks were dried and pulverized, they were subjected to anaerobic high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization treatment in an XN-II straw pyrolysis and carbonization furnace at 700°C for 2 hours. After carbonization, they were cooled and pulverized, and passed through a 2mm sieve to obtain biochar raw materials.

2. Preparation of special carbon-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil

Example 4

250kg of the above-mentioned biomass charcoal, 375kg of chicken manure, 75kg of wood vinegar, 150kg of fermented soybean meal, and 150kg of potassium humate were mixed, and pulverized by a 13SFS-401 pulverizer (crushing time 2 tons/hour, pulverizing particle size 0.3-0.5mm), PJ16001 type mixer stirring (stirring time 10mim ~ 15min), KHL-500 type granulator granulation (1 ton/hour ~ 2.5 tons/hour, particle size 5mm), Type dryer drying (moisture content after drying is 17%) to make granular organic fertilizer. Before rice planting, it is applied to the soil according to the nitrogen content of the same conventional chemical fertilizer in rice planting, that is, the same as the nitrogen content of conventional chemical fertilizer in rice planting.

After testing, compared with the single application of chicken manure in rice planting, the number of bacteria in the 0-20cm plow layer soil increased by 8.14%, the number of actinomycetes increased by 6.11%, the microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 1.79%, and the soil organic matter increased by 0.01%. Microbial biomass carbon increased by 21.87%, water-soluble carbon increased by 14.35%, soil urease increased by 5.61%, catalase increased by 6.59%, plow layer soil bulk density decreased by 0.15%, pH value from 8.33 to 8.03, cation exchange capacity increased by 0.1%, Rice yield increased by 11% compared with the control.

Example 5

300kg of the above-mentioned biomass charcoal, 400kg of chicken manure, 150kg of wood vinegar, 75kg of fermented soybean meal, and 75kg of potassium humate were mixed, and pulverized by a 13SFS-401 pulverizer (crushing time 2 tons/hour, pulverizing particle size 0.3 ~ 0.5mm), PJ16001 type mixer stirring (stirring time 10mim ~ 15min), KHL-500 type granulator granulation (1 ton/hour ~ 2.5 tons/hour, particle size 5mm), Type dryer drying (moisture content after drying is 17%) to make granular organic fertilizer. Before rice planting, it is applied to the soil according to the nitrogen content of the same conventional chemical fertilizer in rice planting, that is, the same as the nitrogen content of conventional chemical fertilizer in rice planting.

After testing, compared with the single application of chicken manure in rice planting, the number of bacteria in the 0-20cm plow layer soil increased by 10.93%, the number of actinomycetes increased by 7.75%, the microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 2.38%, and the soil organic matter increased by 0.01%. Microbial biomass carbon increased by 24.65%, water-soluble carbon increased by 16.96%, soil urease increased by 6.95%, catalase increased by 7.14%, plow layer soil bulk density decreased by 0.16%, pH value from 8.33 to 7.95, cation exchange capacity increased by 0.1%, Rice yield increased by 15% compared with the control.

Example 6

350kg of the above-mentioned biomass charcoal, 350kg of chicken manure, 100kg of wood vinegar, 100kg of fermented soybean meal, and 100kg of potassium humate were mixed, and pulverized by a 13SFS-401 pulverizer (crushing time 2 tons/hour, pulverizing particle size 0.3-0.5mm), PJ16001 type mixer stirring (stirring time 10mim ~ 15min), KHL-500 type granulator granulation (1 ton/hour ~ 2.5 tons/hour, particle size 5mm), Type dryer drying (moisture content after drying is 17%) to make granular organic fertilizer. Before rice planting, it is applied to the soil according to the nitrogen content of the same conventional chemical fertilizer in rice planting, that is, the same as the nitrogen content of conventional chemical fertilizer in rice planting.

After testing, compared with the conventional chemical fertilizer treatment in rice planting, the number of bacteria in the 0-20cm plow layer soil increased by 10.03%, the number of actinomycetes increased by 7.37%, the microbial biomass nitrogen increased by 2.12%, the soil organic matter increased by 0.01%, and the microbial biomass Carbon increased by 23.44%, water-soluble carbon increased by 15.98%, soil urease increased by 6.29%, catalase increased by 6.85%, plow layer soil bulk density decreased by 0.15%, pH value from 8.33 to 7.99, cation exchange capacity increased by 0.15%, rice yield 15% higher than the control.

The above embodiments are only exemplary, and do not constitute any limitation to the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the details and forms of the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these modifications and replacements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A special charcoal-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil, characterized in that it comprises the following components: biochar, chicken manure, wood vinegar, fermented soybean meal, potassium humate. 2. The special charcoal-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, the biomass charcoal is made by pyrolysis and carbonization of biomass raw materials under anaerobic conditions. 3. The special charcoal-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein the biomass raw material comprises corn stalks, rice stalks, and soybean stalks. 4 . The special charcoal-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 2 , characterized in that the thermal cracking and carbonization temperature is 500-700° C. 5 . The special charcoal-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 2 , characterized in that, the thermal cracking and carbonization time is 2 to 3 hours. 6. The special charcoal-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the parts by weight of each component are: 250-350 parts of biomass charcoal, 350-400 parts of chicken manure, wood vinegar 75-150 parts, 75-150 parts of fermented soybean meal, 75-150 parts of potassium humate. 7. The special charcoal-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 6, wherein the parts by weight of each component are: 300 parts of biochar, 400 parts of chicken manure, 150 parts of wood vinegar, fermented 75 parts of soybean meal, 75 parts of potassium humate. 8. A method for preparing the special charcoal-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: 1) Biomass raw materials are subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization at 500-700°C and anaerobic conditions for 2-3 hours to obtain biochar; 2) Biomass charcoal, chicken manure, wood vinegar, fermented soybean meal, and potassium humate are mixed according to the weight parts, crushed, stirred, granulated, and dried to make granular organic fertilizer. 9. The application of the special charcoal-based organic fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 in improving saline-alkali soil of rice. 10. a saline-alkaline soil paddy special charcoal-based organic fertilizer according to claim 9 is characterized in that, before paddy plantation, by the nitrogen content of equivalent conventional chemical fertilizer in paddy plantation, applied to the soil.