CN105302167A - Three-point location solar automatic tracking device, and control system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a three-point positioning solar energy automatic tracking device and its control system and control method. device, a fixed-height polished rod and two height-adjustable screw rods are vertically installed on the support base, and the fixed points of the polished rod and the screw rods on the support base are triangular structures, and the solar panel passes through the polished rod and the The screw rod is fixedly installed with the support base, and the device determines the azimuth angle of the sun according to the photometry device, and adjusts the azimuth angle from the solar panel to the sun by adjusting the height of the screw rod. The invention adopts the principle of three-point positioning to support the solar automatic tracking device, and has a simple structure; the angle of the solar battery panel can be adjusted, the direction can be calibrated in real time, the rotation on the hemispherical surface can be realized, and the power generation efficiency of the solar battery panel is improved.

Description

Three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device and its control system and control method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cell panel tracking automatic positioning, in particular to a three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device and its control system and control method, which are positioned by solar rays and automatically track the sun through three points.

Background technique

Solar energy is a kind of clean and renewable new energy, which is more and more favored by people. It has a wide range of functions in people's life and work. One of them is to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Solar power generation devices use solar energy to generate electricity. Working, solar power has been considered to be the most ideal new energy.

In the prior art, the solar panels in most of the solar power generation devices cannot be moved or can only move in one direction, the adjustment range is small, the solar energy that can be collected is less, and the power generation efficiency is low.

In view of this, it is necessary to propose a three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device and its control system and control method.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device and its control system and control method. It adopts the principle of three-point positioning to support the solar automatic tracking device. It adopts a three-rod positioning support device with a simple structure. It uses a control board (single-chip microcomputer) to analyze data and automatically control the entire system. The device can adjust the angle of the solar panel, calibrate the direction in real time, and can realize the rotation on the hemispherical surface, and the power generation efficiency is higher than that of traditional power generation.

The detection part and the control part of this device can be used separately, that is to say, in a large-scale photovoltaic power station, due to its geographical location, only one set of detection device can be equipped, and at the same time, the sun position signal is transmitted to each solar receiving device, and the receiving device performs corresponding adjustment.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A three-point positioning solar energy automatic tracking device, the device includes a support base, a solar panel on the support base, and a photometry device coplanar or parallel to the solar panel, and a vertically installed on the support base A fixed-height polished rod and two height-adjustable screw rods, the fixed point of the polished rod and the screw rod on the support base is a triangular structure, and the solar cell panel is fixedly installed with the support base through the polished rod and the screw rod, so The device determines the azimuth of the sun according to the photometry device, and adjusts the azimuth of the solar panel to the sun by adjusting the height of the screw rod.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the distance between the polished rod and the two screw rods is equal, and the polished rod is fixedly installed with the solar panel through a universal joint.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the solar cell panel is also provided with a sliding channel guide rail for the screw rod to slide and arranged in parallel, and the top end of the screw rod moves on the sliding channel guide rail when the height of the screw rod changes.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the support base is also provided with a sleeve for accommodating the screw rod, a stepping motor for controlling the up and down movement of the screw rod, and a limit switch for controlling the movement stroke of the screw rod.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the light-measuring device includes a light-measuring plate, a light-shielding rod on the light-measuring plate, and several photoresistors located on the light-measuring plate and evenly distributed around the light-shielding rod.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the height L of the shading rod is L=R/tanθ, wherein, R is the distance between the photoresistor and the shading rod, and θ is the angle between sunlight and the shading rod.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the device further includes a storage battery, a power switch and a display screen arranged on the supporting base.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the azimuth angle includes a first azimuth angle α along the direction from the polished rod to the midpoint of the two screw rods, and a second azimuth angle β along the direction of the two screw rods, wherein,

The first azimuth angle α=arctan (m/n), two screw mandrels move synchronously in the same direction, m is the elongation of the screw mandrel, and n is the distance from the polished rod to the midpoint of the two screw mandrels;

The second azimuth angle β=arctan(p/q), the two screw rods move synchronously in opposite directions, p is the sum of the absolute values of the expansion and contraction of the two screw rods, and q is the distance between the two screw rods.

Correspondingly, a control system of a three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device, the control system includes: a voltage stabilizer connected to the solar panel, a transformer for converting voltage, a transformer connected to the solar automatic tracking device A control board, and a wireless control module, the control board is used to receive test data from the photometry device and adjust the height of the screw to adjust the azimuth of the solar panel.

Correspondingly, a control method of a three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device, the method includes:

S1. The light metering device detects the light direction;

S2. The control board controls the height of the screw rod according to the light direction;

S3. Determine whether the solar panel is perpendicular to the light, if yes, return to step S1 after a predetermined time, if not, immediately return to step S1.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The solar automatic tracking device is supported by the principle of three-point positioning, and the structure is simple;

Using various mechanical components combined with a stepping motor, the entire device can be driven by the rotation of the stepping motor;

The angle of the solar panel can be adjusted, the direction can be calibrated in real time, the rotation on the hemispherical surface can be realized, and the power generation efficiency of the solar panel can be improved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control system module of a three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a light measuring device in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a photometry principle diagram of a photometry device in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the screw rod-chute guide rail along the north-south direction in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the screw rod-chute guide rail along the east-west direction in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a control method of a three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with various embodiments shown in the drawings. However, these embodiments do not limit the present invention, and any structural, method, or functional changes made by those skilled in the art according to these embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

The three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device in the present invention is mainly composed of the following three parts: a photoelectric conversion part, a circuit part, and a mechanical part. Among them, the photoelectric conversion part can realize the conversion of solar energy into electric energy. This device uses solar panels; the mechanical part receives control commands to realize the positioning of the device. This device includes universal joints, polished rods, chute guide rails, screw rods, travel switches, Sleeve, support base, etc.; the circuit part is the control center of the whole device, which collects and processes signals to issue commands to control the mechanical part, so as to realize the automatic tracking of solar energy operation of the device.

Referring to Fig. 1, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device includes a support base 13, a solar cell panel 12 positioned on the support base 13, and a coplanar or parallel arrangement with the solar cell panel 12 The light measuring device 6, a light rod 2 with a fixed height and two height-adjustable screw rods 8 are vertically installed on the support base, the fixed point of the light rod 2 and the screw rod 8 on the support base is a triangular structure, and the solar panel 12 The light rod 2, the screw rod 8 and the support base 13 are fixedly installed, and the device determines the azimuth angle of the sun according to the photometry device, and adjusts the azimuth angle from the solar panel to the sun by adjusting the height of the screw rod.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the distance between the polished rod 2 and the two height-adjustable screw rods 8 is equal, and the polished rod 2 is fixedly installed with the solar panel 12 through the universal joint 1 .

In this embodiment, the direction along the polished rod to the midpoint of the two screw rods is defined as the north-south direction, and the direction along the two screw rods is defined as the east-west direction.

The back side of the solar panel 12 is also provided with a chute guide rail 7 for sliding and parallel arrangement of the two screw mandrels 2. When the height of the screw mandrel changes, its top moves on the chute guide rail 7, and the two chute guide rails are arranged in the north-south direction. .

In addition, the support base 13 is provided with a sleeve 11 for accommodating the screw rod 8, two stepping motors 3 for controlling the up and down movement of the two screw rods 8, and a travel switch 9 for controlling the movement stroke of the screw rod 2, The supporting base 13 is also provided with a storage battery 5 , a power switch 10 and a display screen 4 .

As shown in Fig. 2, the control system of the three-point positioning solar automatic tracking device in the present embodiment includes: a voltage stabilizer 20 connected to the solar panel 12, a transformer 21 for converting voltage, and the transformer 21 and solar energy. The control board 22 connected to the automatic tracking device and the wireless control module 23, the control board is used to receive the test data of the photometry device to adjust the height of the screw to adjust the azimuth of the solar panel.

Specifically, the control board 22 is respectively connected with the light measuring device 6 , the display screen 4 , two stepper motors 3 , and the transformer 21 .

Preferably, in this embodiment, the battery stores 12V batteries, and the transformer 21 is used to convert the 12V batteries into 5V batteries for use by the control board.

Referring to Fig. 3, the photometric device 6 in this embodiment includes a photometric plate 61, a light-shielding rod 62 located on the photometric plate, and a number of photoresistors 63 located on the photometric plate and evenly distributed around the light-shielding rod. , in this embodiment, 8 evenly distributed photoresistors are taken as an example for illustration.

When the sun's rays are not perpendicular to the solar panel, the shading rod 62 will cast different shadows on the eight photoresistors 63 evenly distributed along the circumferential direction under the oblique sunlight, so that the eight photoresistors will generate different voltage signals , the control board controls the adjustment of the mechanical transmission device according to different differential pressure signals, so as to achieve the effect that the sun’s rays are perpendicular to the photometering plate 61, and the solar panel and the photometering plate are arranged in the same plane or in parallel; otherwise, when the sun’s rays are perpendicular to the photometering plate At this time, the shadow cast by the shading rod does not block any photoresistors. At this time, there is no pressure difference between each photoresistor, and the control board does not operate the control device. At this time, the solar panel collects solar energy, converts the solar energy into electrical energy, stabilizes the voltage through the voltage stabilizer, and then sends it to the battery to charge the battery. The signal controls the direction of the solar panel so that the solar panel is facing the sun to perform photoelectric conversion with maximum efficiency.

As shown in Figure 4, in the detection direction, when the angle between sunlight and the shade rod is θ, the radius of the photoresistor detection area (that is, the distance between the photoresistor and the shade rod) is R, and the height of the shade rod is L. When the radius R is determined, the calculation formula for the height of the shading rod L is:

L=R/tan θ.

Wherein, the azimuth angle referred to in the present invention includes the first azimuth angle α along the direction from the polished rod to the midpoint of the two screw rods (north-south direction), and the second azimuth angle β along the direction of the two screw rods (east-west direction).

Referring to Figure 5, it is a schematic diagram of the screw rod-chute guide rail along the north-south direction. The two screw rods 2 move synchronously in the same direction. When the screw rod 2 rises from position a to position b, the guide rail of the chute shrinks, and the height of the polished rod 2 remains unchanged. , the universal joint is twisted, the chute guide rail 7 moves from the ① position to the ② position, and the device runs to the expected angle. At this time, the first azimuth angle of solar panel rotation is:

α=arctan(m/n),

Among them, m is the elongation of the screw rod, and n is the distance from the polished rod to the midpoint of the two screw rods;

Referring to Figure 6, it is a schematic diagram of the screw-chute guide rail along the east-west direction. The two screw rods 2 move synchronously in the opposite direction. When the screw rod A moves from b to a, the screw rod B moves from b' to a'. The chute guide rail 7 is elongated, the height of the polished rod 2 remains unchanged, the universal joint is twisted, the chute guide rail moves from position ① to position ③, and the device runs to the expected angle. At this time, the second azimuth angle of solar panel rotation is:

β = arctan(p/q),

Among them, p is the sum of the absolute values of the expansion and contraction of the two screw rods, and q is the distance between the two screw rods.

As shown in Figure 2, the signal collected by the photoresistor in this embodiment is transmitted to the control board, the control board analyzes the voltage difference of the photoresistor and sends a signal, and the temperature is measured by the temperature sensor and the light intensity is measured by the photoresistor. These data are all It is stored in the flash memory by the control board through the UCOS-II operating system, and displayed on the display.

The control method of three-point positioning solar energy automatic tracking device in the present invention comprises the following steps:

S1. The light metering device detects the light direction;

S2. The control board controls the height of the screw rod according to the light direction;

S3. Determine whether the solar panel is perpendicular to the light, if yes, return to step S1 after a predetermined time, if not, immediately return to step S1.

Shown in conjunction with Fig. 7, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, at first photoresistor detects illumination direction, then single-chip microcomputer (control board) processes data, stores data, displays data, and this data includes temperature data and light intensity data, and single-chip microcomputer controls simultaneously Stepping the motor, adjusting the direction of the solar panel, and finally when the solar panel is facing the sun, the serial port sends information, the solar panel generates power, provides system power, and circulates.

Preferably, the control board in this embodiment adopts the main control chip STM32F103 (ARM), and embeds the real-time operating system uC/OS-II to control the whole system, such as: the pulse control of two stepping motors, the photosensitive The voltage signal of the resistor is used to determine the sun position, detect the temperature and light intensity, LCD display, and Flash storage and serial port communication with the host computer, etc.

As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The solar automatic tracking device is supported by the principle of three-point positioning, and the structure is simple;

Using various mechanical components combined with a stepping motor, the entire device can be driven by the rotation of the stepping motor;

The angle of the solar panel can be adjusted, the direction can be calibrated in real time, the rotation on the hemispherical surface can be realized, and the power generation efficiency of the solar panel can be improved.

It should be understood that although this description is described according to implementation modes, not each implementation mode only includes an independent technical solution. The technical solutions in the embodiments can also be properly combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of the feasible implementation modes of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All changes should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a three-point fix automatic solar energy tracking device, it is characterized in that, described device comprises base for supporting, be positioned at the solar panel on base for supporting, and light measurer that is coplanar with solar panel or that be arranged in parallel, described base for supporting is vertically installed with polished rod and two adjustable for height screw mandrels of a level altitude, described polished rod and the screw mandrel point of fixity on base for supporting is triangular structure, described solar panel is fixedly mounted by polished rod and screw mandrel and described base for supporting, described device is according to the position angle of the light measurer determination sun, and pass through the position angle of height control solar panel to the sun of adjustment screw mandrel.

2. three-point fix automatic solar energy tracking device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the distance between described polished rod and two screw mandrels is equal, and described polished rod is fixedly mounted by universal joint and solar panel.

3. three-point fix automatic solar energy tracking device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described solar panel is also provided with for sliding and the chute guide rail be arranged in parallel for screw mandrel, during screw mandrel height change, its top is at described chute guide rail movement.

4. three-point fix automatic solar energy tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described base for supporting being also provided with the sleeve for accommodating screw mandrel, for controlling stepper motor that screw mandrel moves up and down and the travel switch for controlling screw mandrel movement travel.

5. three-point fix automatic solar energy tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described light measurer comprises photometric plate lens, is positioned at the shading bar on photometric plate lens and is positioned at the some photoresistance be circularly and evenly distributed on photometric plate lens and around shading bar.

6. three-point fix automatic solar energy tracking device according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the height L of described shading bar is L=R/tan θ, and wherein, R is the distance of photoresistance and shading bar, and θ is the angle of sunshine and shading bar.

7. three-point fix automatic solar energy tracking device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described device also comprises the accumulator be located on base for supporting, power switch and display screen.

8. three-point fix automatic solar energy tracking device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described position angle comprises along the first party parallactic angle α of polished rod to two screw mandrel mid point directions and the second party parallactic angle β along two screw mandrel directions, wherein,

Described first party parallactic angle α=arctan (m/n), two screw mandrels are equidirectional to be synchronized with the movement, and m is screw mandrel elongation, and n is the distance of polished rod to two screw mandrel mid points;

Described second party parallactic angle β=arctan (p/q), two screw mandrels are synchronized with the movement in the other direction, and p is the absolute value sum of two screw mandrel strokes, and q is the distance between two screw mandrels.

9. the control system of a three-point fix automatic solar energy tracking device, it is characterized in that, described control system comprises: the voltage stabilizer be connected with solar panel, the transformer for changing voltage, the control mainboard be connected with automatic solar energy tracking device with transformer and wireless control module, and described control mainboard is for receiving the height of the test data adjustment screw mandrel of light measurer to adjust the position angle of solar panel.

10. a control method for three-point fix automatic solar energy tracking device, is characterized in that, described method comprises:

S1, light measurer detect direction of illumination;

S2, control mainboard control screw mandrel height according to direction of illumination;

S3, judge that whether solar panel is vertical with light, if so, return after the schedule time and perform step S1, if not, then return immediately and perform step S1.