CN105296699A - Smelting reduction iron-making device and method for avoiding re-oxidation of pre-reduction ores - Google Patents
Smelting reduction iron-making device and method for avoiding re-oxidation of pre-reduction ores Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种避免预还原矿再氧化的熔融还原炼铁装置及方法，属于熔融还原炼铁技术领域。所述熔融还原炼铁装置采用已有的竖炉和铁浴炉作为还原反应器，并且包括：采用预还原炉料下降通道将竖炉产生的预还原矿输送至铁浴炉炉体侧面的加料口，并进一步将炉料直接压入铁浴炉渣层内，避免了预还原矿在铁浴炉上部自由空间内与煤气接触发生再氧化，进而自由空间内气体的二次燃烧率不受限制。铁浴炉炉体设置三层喷枪，可通过调整三层喷枪的吹氧比例和喷煤比例以及总的吹氧量和喷煤量来调整炉内煤气二次燃烧率和温度，为铁浴炉内的熔池提供足够的热量。
The invention discloses a smelting reduction ironmaking device and method for avoiding re-oxidation of pre-reduced ore, belonging to the technical field of smelting reduction ironmaking. The smelting reduction ironmaking device adopts the existing shaft furnace and iron-bath furnace as the reduction reactor, and includes: the pre-reduced ore produced by the shaft furnace is transported to the feeding port on the side of the iron-bath furnace body by using the pre-reduction charge descending channel , and further press the burden directly into the iron-bath slag layer, avoiding the re-oxidation of the pre-reduced ore in the upper free space of the iron-bath furnace in contact with the gas, and then the secondary combustion rate of the gas in the free space is not limited. The furnace body of the iron bath furnace is equipped with three-layer spray guns, and the secondary combustion rate and temperature of the gas in the furnace can be adjusted by adjusting the proportion of oxygen blowing and coal injection of the three-layer spray guns, as well as the total amount of oxygen blowing and coal injection. The molten pool inside provides sufficient heat.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fused reduction iron-smelting technical field, specifically provide a kind of fused reduction iron-smelting device and method avoiding prereduction ore deposit to reoxidize.
Background technology
The Main way of fused reduction iron-smelting technical development is briquet replacing coke and direct powder application ore resources, makes full use of resource, shortens flow process, reduces investment, reduce costs and reduce the target of environmental pollution to reach.Different according to the degree of iron-bearing material prereduction, ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction can be divided into single stage method and two step method two class.Single stage method is that iron-bearing material is first melted rear reduction, as Romelt technique and HIsmelt technique; Iron ore is first carried out prereduction by two step method melting and reducing in shaft furnace or fluidized-bed, and then adds end reducing furnace, as: COREX technique and FINEX technique.
The shortcoming of single stage method is: one is that the corrodibility of molten state ferric oxide is strong, badly damaged furnace lining, reduction of service life; Two is the coal gas of high temperature of reduction generation more than 1500 DEG C and excessive CO, and the heat entrained by coal gas cannot pass to reduction zone effectively, and the heat utilization efficiency of coal gas is low.In two step method, prereduction effectively utilizes the high reduction potential coal gas that reduction eventually produces, and adds end reducing furnace, can reduce the pressure of end reducing furnace simultaneously after raw material being carried out prereduction to a certain degree.Therefore, two step method smelting reduction process has more competitive power and development prospect.At present, the two step method fused reduction iron-smelting technology realizing suitability for industrialized production only has COREX technique and FINEX technique, and achieves breakthrough.But the shortcoming that these two kinds of techniques exist jointly is that, in order to avoid reoxidizing of prereduction ore deposit, in end reducing furnace, the post-combustion rate of coal gas is very low, such as, less than 10%, fuel ratio is caused to remain high.Since COREX technique realized suitability for industrialized production from 1989, confirm in production practice, if the post-combustion rate in end reducing furnace raises, prereduction ore deposit will reoxidize at the freeboard through end reducing furnace top, again its reduction must be digested reducing gas further, cause fuel ratio to increase.
Summary of the invention
The main technical problem to be solved in the present invention how to improve the post-combustion rate of coal gas in two step method end reducing furnace, reduction fuel ratio, pre-reduced pellet can be avoided to contact with coal gas in end reducing furnace to reoxidize simultaneously, and overcome the series of problems caused by prior art deficiency.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides " a kind of fused reduction iron-smelting device and method avoiding prereduction ore deposit to reoxidize ".In this device, prereduction adopts shaft furnace, and reduction adopts iron liquid furnace eventually, it is characterized in that installing a prereduced burden material decline passway between shaft furnace discharge port and iron liquid furnace charging opening, is provided with screw feeder, and on iron liquid furnace body of heater, is provided with three layers of spray gun in passage; Rely on this device can by the prereduced burden material from shaft furnace by prereduced burden material decline passway, directly be pressed in iron bath from the charging opening of iron liquid furnace body of heater side, prereduction ore deposit is avoided to add fashionable caused reoxidizing from iron liquid furnace furnace roof with this, and then the restriction relieved the freeboard gas post-combustion rate being positioned at iron liquid furnace top, the three layers of spray gun be arranged on iron liquid furnace body of heater are mainly used in pulverized coal injection and oxygen.
Now invented device is described as follows:
Described device is provided with the shaft furnace playing prereduction effect and the iron liquid furnace playing whole reductive action, and be provided with prereduced burden material decline passway between shaft furnace discharge port and iron liquid furnace charging opening, freeboard region in stove need be avoided in the position of iron liquid furnace charging opening.
Described prereduced burden material decline passway and body of heater vertical surface angle are 30-60 °, are provided with screw feeder in prereduced burden material decline passway, rely on this screw feeder to provide power for the prereduced burden material in shaft furnace goes downwards in iron liquid furnace.
Described iron liquid furnace body of heater is provided with three layers of spray gun, be arranged on the furnace wall of iron liquid furnace body of heater, its particular location is in freeboard corresponding to iron liquid furnace wall, slag blanket and three, slag iron interface different sites respectively, the spray gun of same aspect is all on identical body of heater horizontal section, and distributes along its even circumferential.The spray gun being wherein placed in freeboard is called upper strata spray gun, and the spray gun being placed in slag blanket position is called middle level spray gun, and the spray gun being placed in slag iron interface is called lower floor's spray gun.
Described upper strata spray gun number is 4-8, and adopting downward-sloping installation, is 30-60 ° with described body of heater vertical surface angle; Middle level spray gun number is 4-8, and employing level or downward-sloping and tangentially install with furnace wall is 60-90 ° with body of heater vertical surface angle; Lower floor's spray gun number is 4-8, and adopting downward-sloping installation, is 30-60 ° with body of heater vertical surface angle.
The processing method of invention is described as follows:
The prereduction ore deposit that described shaft furnace discharge port is discharged enters prereduced burden material decline passway, the charging opening of iron liquid furnace is depressed into again by the screw feeder in prereduced burden material decline passway, and then directly enter in slag blanket, avoid prereduction ore deposit and contact with coal gas in the freeboard of iron liquid furnace top and reoxidize.
Upper strata spray gun on described iron liquid furnace body of heater is oxygen rifle, to freeboard oxygen blast, and the temperature in adjustment iron liquid furnace in the post-combustion rate of coal gas and stove; Middle level spray gun is coaloust-oxygen gun, main tangential coal powder injection, oxygen blast in slag blanket, and can jet appropriate fine ore and stove dirt simultaneously, by the secondary combustion that carbon monoxide and oxygen reaction occur, generate aforesaid coal gas of high temperature, and provide heat for molten bath, furnace charge is melted, tangentially be blown into and make slag blanket obtain vigorous stirring, extend the residence time of fine coal in slag blanket, strengthen cupola well inside and the heat trnasfer between cupola well and freeboard simultaneously; Lower floor's spray gun be also coaloust-oxygen gun to the coal powder injection oxygen blast of slag iron interface, for molten iron layer provides reductive agent and ignition dope, the main reduction reaction that slag blanket and molten iron layer occur is as follows:
Fe
3O
4+C＝3FeO+CO，
FeO+C＝Fe+CO。
Described upper strata spray gun blowing oxygen quantity accounts for the 0-10% of aggregate demand, and middle level spray gun blowing oxygen quantity accounts for the 60-100% of aggregate demand; Lower floor's spray gun blowing oxygen quantity accounts for the 10-40% of aggregate demand.
In described iron liquid furnace stove, the post-combustion rate of coal gas controls at 15%-80%, and the gas temperature of generation is between 1400-1700 DEG C.The high temperature that iron liquid furnace is discharged, the coal gas of high post-combustion rate by gas reforming method as: by coal gas of high temperature by carbon-based packed bed, make reducing gas (CO+H
2) percentage composition reach between 90-100%, can reach the object of dedusting, cooling simultaneously, finally obtain the coal gas adapting to shaft furnace service requirements, supply shaft furnace uses.
The invention provides a kind of fused reduction iron-smelting device and method avoiding prereduction ore deposit to reoxidize, it mainly has following beneficial effect:
1, prereduction ore deposit is directly pressed into the method in iron liquid furnace molten bath by the present invention's employing from the side, avoid prereduction ore deposit to contact with oxidizing atmosphere and reoxidize reaction, compared with existing two-step approach smelting reduction technology, end reducing furnace can adopt higher post-combustion rate, thus make prereduction and mating more flexibly of reducing eventually, improve production efficiency and reduce fuel ratio.
2, adopt in iron liquid furnace of the present invention fine coal as reductive agent with direct reduction reactor for main production molten iron, broken away from the dependence of STRENGTH ON COKE, and the problem such as stock column liquid permeability existing for smelting reduction process as none (as COREX) and ventilation property.
The body of heater of 3, iron liquid furnace of the present invention arranges three layers of spray gun, lay respectively at freeboard, slag blanket and slag iron interface, three layers of spray gun oxygen blast ratio can adjust according to the temperature of each section in stove, middle level spray gun makes slag blanket obtain vigorous stirring while adopting tangential installation to be blown into oxygen and fine coal, extend the residence time of fine coal at slag blanket, thus it is more abundant to make direct reduction reactor and fine coal utilize, and strengthens the heat transfer between freeboard and molten bath simultaneously; Fine ore can be blown into while middle level spray gun is blown into fine coal and return dirt, powder is fully used.
4, the present invention carries out improvement and bring new ideas on the basis of pre-existing reactors, efficiently solves the deficiencies in the prior art, reduces costs, improves productivity, economic benefit, makes this technique have competitive power.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is principal section schematic diagram of the present invention.In figure: 1 is reduction shaft furnace, 2 is whole reduced iron liquid furnace, and 3 is reduction shaft furnace discharge port, and 4 is whole reduced iron liquid furnace charging opening, 5 is prereduced burden material decline passway, and 6 is screw feeder, and 7 is upper strata spray gun, and 8 is middle level spray gun, 9 is lower floor's spray gun, and 10 is slag blanket, and 11 is molten iron layer.
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the whole reduced iron liquid furnace along the line A-A intercepting in Fig. 1.In figure: 2 is whole reduced iron liquid furnace, and 8 is middle level spray gun.
Embodiment
Concrete example explanation is carried out to the present invention below, but content of the present invention is not limited to following examples.
The embodiment of contrive equipment
The present embodiment provides " a kind of fused reduction iron-smelting device avoiding prereduction ore deposit to reoxidize ", produces molten iron 600,000 tons per year.As shown in Figure 1: the inventive system comprises: reduction shaft furnace 1, whole reduced iron liquid furnace 2 and between reduction shaft furnace discharge port 3 and whole reduced iron liquid furnace charging opening 4, prereduced burden material decline passway 5 is installed, prereduced burden material decline passway 5 and body of heater vertical surface angle are 30 °, be provided with screw feeder 6 in passage, the operational throughput of its pelletizing per hour is 92.8 tons.Whole reduced iron liquid furnace charging opening 4 is located at the position of below slag line 0.4m, avoids whole reduced iron bath furnace high-temperature, oxidisability region with this; The furnace wall of whole reduced iron liquid furnace 2 is provided with three layers of spray gun, the upper strata spray gun 7 being placed in its freeboard respectively, the middle level spray gun 8 being placed in slag blanket and be placed in lower floor's spray gun 9 of slag iron interface, three layers of spray gun being circumferentially uniformly distributed in place, number is 6, upper strata spray gun 7 and lower floor's spray gun 9 are 30 ° with body of heater vertical surface angle, and middle level spray gun 8 and body of heater vertical surface angle are 60 ° and tangentially install.The effect of upper strata spray gun 7 is oxygen blast adjustment freeboard gas temperature and is molten bath transferring heat; The effect of middle level spray gun 8 is to slag blanket coal powder injection, oxygen blast, and jet fine ore and stove dirt, by combustion heat release for molten bath heat is provided while reducing iron oxides, middle level spray gun 8 adopts tangential installation to make slag blanket obtain vigorous stirring, extend the residence time of fine coal in slag blanket, aggravate cupola well inside and the heat trnasfer between cupola well and freeboard simultaneously; The Main Function of lower floor's spray gun 9 is blown into a small amount of fine coal and oxygen, adjusts molten iron layer temperature and thoroughly reduced by ferriferous oxide to be fused into molten iron.
Inventive method embodiment 1
The present embodiment is raw materials used is pellet, and fuel used is fine coal, and pellet chemical composition is as shown in table 1, and coal dust chemical composition is as shown in table 2.
Table 1: pellet chemical composition (all by mass percentage, TFe is all iron content to the listed each component of this table)
Table 2: the chemical composition (by mass percentage) of coal dust:
The temperature that reduction shaft furnace produces is set as 850 DEG C, the degree of metalization pre-reduced pellet that reaches 90% is directly pressed in the slag blanket of iron liquid furnace by prereduced burden material decline passway, be ton iron 950kg by middle level spray gun and lower floor's spray gun to the total amount of pulverized coal injection in iron liquid furnace, wherein, the injecting coal quantity of middle level spray gun is 90% of total consumption of coal, the injecting coal quantity of lower floor's spray gun is 10% of total consumption of coal, and the total amount being blown into oxygen by three layers of spray gun is ton iron 530Nm
3, wherein, upper strata spray gun blowing oxygen quantity is 5% of total oxygen consumption, and middle level spray gun blowing oxygen quantity is 65% of total oxygen consumption, and the blowing oxygen quantity of lower floor's spray gun is 30% of total oxygen consumption, and the gas temperature that final iron liquid furnace furnace roof is discharged is 1400 DEG C, and post-combustion rate is 20%.The high temperature that iron liquid furnace produces, the coal gas of high post-combustion rate adopt gas reforming method to make coal gas meet shaft furnace demand, carbon-based packed bed reactor is adopted to improve the reduction potential of coal gas in the present embodiment, carbon-based packed bed is passed into by high temperature, high post-combustion rate coal gas, in outlet coal gas, the percentage composition of reducing gas can improve 12%, reach 92%, and temperature is down to 850 DEG C.
In view of the techniques such as COREX are from end reducing furnace top filling, the post-combustion rate of coal gas need control about 10%, accordingly, the post-combustion rate of iron liquid furnace stock gas is also limited in 10% by the present embodiment, other condition is identical, and final coal consumption is ton iron 1612kg, and oxygen consumption is ton iron 874Nm
3.The coal gas amount that iron liquid furnace produces is far longer than the coal gas amount of shaft furnace demand.Therefore, compared with adopting method of the present invention and adopting the method for top filling, ton rail fuel ratio reduces 662kg, and oxygen consumption reduces 344Nm
3, and avoid prereduction ore deposit and reoxidize at the freeboard on iron liquid furnace top.
Inventive method embodiment 2
The present embodiment is raw materials used identical with embodiment 1, main operation and manufacturing parameter as follows.
The temperature that reduction shaft furnace produces is set as 850 DEG C, the degree of metalization pre-reduced pellet that reaches 80% is directly pressed in the slag blanket of iron liquid furnace by prereduced burden material decline passway, be ton iron 1048kg by middle level spray gun and lower floor's spray gun to the total amount of pulverized coal injection in iron liquid furnace, wherein, the injecting coal quantity of middle level spray gun is 86% of total consumption of coal, the injecting coal quantity of lower floor's spray gun is 14% of total consumption of coal, and the total amount being blown into oxygen by three layers of spray gun is ton iron 583Nm
3, wherein, upper strata spray gun blowing oxygen quantity is 5% of total oxygen consumption, and middle level spray gun blowing oxygen quantity is 65% of total oxygen consumption, and the blowing oxygen quantity of lower floor's spray gun is 30% of total oxygen consumption, and the gas temperature that final iron liquid furnace furnace roof is discharged is 1400 DEG C, and post-combustion rate is 20%.The coal gas of high post-combustion rate adopts carbon-based packed bed reactor to improve the reduction potential of coal gas equally in the present embodiment, and in coal gas, the content of reducing gas can improve 12%, reaches 92%, and temperature is down to 850 DEG C.
In view of the techniques such as COREX are from end reducing furnace top filling, the post-combustion rate of coal gas need control about 10%, and the post-combustion rate of iron liquid furnace stock gas is limited in 10% by the present embodiment further, and other condition is identical, final coal consumption is ton iron 1776kg, and oxygen consumption is ton iron 960Nm
3.The coal gas amount that iron liquid furnace produces is far longer than the coal gas amount of shaft furnace demand.Therefore, compared with adopting method of the present invention and adopting the method for top filling, ton rail fuel ratio reduces 728kg and oxygen consumption reduces 377Nm
3, and avoid prereduction ore deposit and reoxidize at the freeboard on iron liquid furnace top.
Claims (5)
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| CN106086281A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 东北大学 | The ironmaking of a kind of flash and the integrated apparatus of coal gas and method |
| CN108929930A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2018-12-04 | 北京闪铁科技有限公司 | Pool side blowing iron furnace |
| CN109811136A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-05-28 | 东北大学 | A kind of slag bath carbon thermal reduction slag bath compensation method for thermal |
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| CN113310314A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-27 | 马子珩 | Metallurgical furnace provided with pre-reduction charging barrel |
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| CN106086281A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 东北大学 | The ironmaking of a kind of flash and the integrated apparatus of coal gas and method |
| CN106086281B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-02-16 | 东北大学 | A kind of flash ironmaking and the integrated apparatus and method of coal gas |
| CN108929930A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2018-12-04 | 北京闪铁科技有限公司 | Pool side blowing iron furnace |
| CN108929930B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2020-10-27 | 北京闪铁科技有限公司 | Side-blown molten bath iron-smelting furnace |
| CN109811136A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-05-28 | 东北大学 | A kind of slag bath carbon thermal reduction slag bath compensation method for thermal |
| CN109811136B (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-06-02 | 东北大学 | Slag bath carbon thermal reduction slag bath thermal compensation method |
| CN112143847A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-29 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method and device for adjusting vault temperature and coal gas yield in total oxygen smelting reduction iron-making process |
| CN112391507A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-23 | 东北大学 | Improved flash smelting reduction iron-making device and method |
| WO2022154680A1 (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-21 | Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz Instytut Metalurgii Żelaza Im. Stanisława Staszica W Gliwicach | Method of steel smelting directly from iron ore |
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| CN113388707A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-14 | 内蒙古赛思普科技有限公司 | Pulverized coal injection method and device for smelting reduction furnace |
| CN113310314A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-27 | 马子珩 | Metallurgical furnace provided with pre-reduction charging barrel |
| CN113999702A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-01 | 嘉兴中科海石合金技术有限公司 | Dipping tube feeding type organic solid waste molten iron bath gasification device |
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| CN115948630A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-04-11 | 唐山精研实业有限责任公司 | Smelting reduction furnace of hydrogen-rich high-oxygen high-air-temperature iron-making fluidized bed |
| CN115948630B (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2025-04-25 | 唐山精研实业有限责任公司 | Hydrogen-rich, high-oxygen, high-air temperature ironmaking fluidized bed smelting reduction furnace |
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