CN105219377A - As the encapsulation used of solar modules system raising day light collecting efficiency material for transformation of wave length - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to as the encapsulation used of solar modules system raising day light collecting efficiency material for transformation of wave length.The present invention relates to the encapsulating structure comprising luminescent wavelength conversion material at least one solar cell or photovoltaic devices, it is for improving the day light collecting efficiency of solar battery apparatus.Luminescent wavelength conversion material comprises at least one chromophore and optical clear polymeric matrix.Encapsulating structure disclosed herein is applied to the day optical acquisition device comprising solar cell, solar panel and photovoltaic devices, by widening the spectrum that can be effectively converted into the incident sunlight of electricity by device, thus improve the day light collecting efficiency of described device.

Description

Wavelength conversion materials for enhanced sunlight harvesting efficiency as encapsulation for solar module systems

This application is the patent application of Chinese patent application 201280001372.5 (PCT application number PCT/US2012/058070) with an application date of September 28, 2012 and an invention title of "Wavelength conversion material for improving sunlight collection efficiency as a package used in solar module systems" Divisional application.

References to related applications

This patent application claims priority to US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/567,548, filed December 6, 2011, and US Provisional Application No. 61/662,848, filed June 21, 2012. All of the aforementioned applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

Background of the invention

technical field

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to encapsulation structures for solar cells, solar panels, or photovoltaic devices that include luminescent wavelength conversion materials that increase the efficiency of sunlight harvesting for these devices.

Related technical description

Harnessing solar energy offers a promising alternative energy source to traditional fossil fuels, and thus, the development of devices capable of converting solar energy into electricity, such as photovoltaic devices (also known as solar cells), has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Several different types of photovoltaic devices have been developed, including silicon-based devices, III-V and II-VIPN junction devices, copper-indium-gallium-selenium (CIGS) thin-film devices, organic sensitizer (sensitizer) devices, organic Thin film devices and cadmium sulfide/cadmium telluride (CdS/CdTe) thin film devices, to name a few. More details on these devices can be found in literature such as Lin et al., "High Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency of Metal Phthalocyanine/Fullerene Heterojunction Photovoltaic Device" (International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2011). However, there is still room for improvement in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of many of these devices, and developing techniques to improve this efficiency is an ongoing challenge for many researchers.

Recently, one technique developed to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic devices is the use of wavelength down-shifting films. Many photovoltaic devices do not efficiently use the entire spectrum because the materials on the device absorb certain wavelengths of light (usually the shorter UV wavelengths) rather than allowing this light to pass through the material to the photoconductive material that converts it into electricity layer. The application of wavelength shifting films absorbs photons of shorter wavelengths and re-emits them at more favorable longer wavelengths, which can then be absorbed by the light-guiding layer in the device and converted into electricity.

This phenomenon is often observed in thin-film CdS/CdTe and CIGS solar cells, both of which utilize CdS as the window layer. The low cost and high efficiency of these thin-film solar cells have attracted much attention in recent years, and typical commercial cells have photoelectric conversion efficiencies of 10-16%. One problem with these devices, however, is that CdS has an energy gap of about 2.41 eV, which causes light below 514 nm wavelength to be absorbed by CdS instead of passing through to the light-guiding layer where it can be converted into energy. The entire spectrum cannot be effectively utilized, which reduces the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device.

Many reports have disclosed the use of wavelength shifting materials to improve the performance of photovoltaic devices. For example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0151785 discloses silicon-based solar cells containing wavelength-shifting inorganic phosphor materials. US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0011455 discloses an integrated solar cell that includes a plasmonic layer, a wavelength converting layer, and a photovoltaic layer. US Patent No. 7,791,157 discloses a solar cell having a wavelength converting layer containing quantum dot compounds. US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0294339 discloses integrated photovoltaic devices containing fluorescent down-transfer materials, however no examples have been established. US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0012183 discloses thin film solar cells with wavelength down-shifting photoluminescent media; however, no examples are provided. US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0236667 discloses enhanced spectrum conversion films comprising inorganic phosphors prepared in the form of thin film polymers. However, the aforementioned patents and patent application publications (both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety) all apply this additional wavelength conversion layer directly on top or inside the solar cell device, which increases the cost of manufacturing the device and increases This increases the thickness of the device, which leads to increased loss of photons to the environment outside the facet.

In addition, solar modules are often installed outdoors on rooftops or in wide open spaces where they can maximize exposure to sunlight, see US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0295388, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety incorporated by reference. This type of outdoor placement exposes these units to constant weather and moisture exposure, so they must have adequate protection to provide years of reliable operation. Typically, glass panels are used to make solar panels weatherproof, but glass panels are expensive, heavy and rigid, and also require some type of edge tape to prevent moisture from penetrating the sides. US Patent No. 7,976,750 discloses a method of encapsulating a solar module by embedding the solar module between two polymer layers and then filling the gap with foam. US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0017268 discloses nanostructured polymeric materials for encapsulating solar module devices. US Patent No. 7,943,845 discloses a method of encapsulating a solar module using a poly(vinyl butyral) composition. These patents and patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, however, none of them attempt to provide both environmental protection and increased sunlight harvesting efficiency for solar installations.

Summary of the invention

Some embodiments of the present invention provide packaging structures for solar energy conversion devices. Some embodiments of the present invention provide packages comprising luminescent wavelength conversion materials. In some embodiments, the luminescent wavelength converting material comprises at least one chromophore and an optically transparent matrix, wherein the luminescent wavelength converting material is configured to encapsulate the solar energy conversion device and inhibit the penetration of moisture and oxygen into the solar energy conversion device.

In some embodiments, the encapsulating structure includes a luminescent wavelength converting material and an environmental protective cover configured to inhibit the penetration of moisture and oxygen into the luminescent wavelength converting material. In some embodiments, the luminescent wavelength conversion material comprises at least one chromophore and an optically transparent polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the luminescent wavelength conversion material and the environmental protection cover are configured to encapsulate the solar energy conversion device such that light must pass through the luminescence wavelength conversion material and the environmental protection cover before reaching the solar energy conversion device.

Some embodiments of the invention provide methods of improving the performance of a solar energy conversion device comprising encapsulating the device with an encapsulation structure. In some embodiments, the method includes using an encapsulation structure comprising a luminescent wavelength conversion material configured to encapsulate the solar energy conversion device and configured to inhibit moisture and oxygen penetration into the solar energy conversion device middle. In some embodiments, the method includes using the luminescent wavelength converting material and an environmental protection cover, wherein the environmental protection cover is configured to inhibit the penetration of moisture and oxygen to the luminescent wavelength converting material.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an encapsulation structure in which a single solar cell device is encapsulated in an emission wavelength conversion material with a glass or plastic plate as an environmental shield.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of an encapsulation structure in which multiple solar cell devices are encapsulated in an emission wavelength conversion material with a glass or plastic plate as an environmental shield.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a package structure where multiple solar cell devices are packaged in a pure polymer package, an emission wavelength converting material is laminated on top of the polymer package, and a glass or plastic plate is used as an environmental shield.

Figure 4 shows an embodiment of an encapsulation structure in which multiple solar cell devices are encapsulated in a light-emitting wavelength conversion material with a glass or plastic plate as an environmental shield.

Figure 5 shows an embodiment of a package structure where multiple solar cell devices are packaged in a pure polymer package, an emission wavelength conversion material is laminated on top of the polymer package, and a glass or plastic plate is used as an environmental shield.

Figure 6 shows an embodiment of an encapsulation structure in which multiple solar cell devices are encapsulated in a pure polymer encapsulation material, an emission wavelength conversion material is laminated on top of the pure polymer encapsulation, and an additional pure polymer film is laminated on top of the light emitting The top of the wavelength conversion layer, and use a glass or plastic plate as an environmental protection cover.

Figure 7 shows an embodiment of an encapsulation structure in which a single solar cell device is encapsulated in a luminescent wavelength converting material, and the luminescent wavelength converting material also acts as an environmental protector.

Figure 8 shows an embodiment of an encapsulation structure in which multiple solar cell devices are encapsulated in a luminescent wavelength converting material, and the luminescent wavelength converting material also acts as an environmental protector.

Figure 9 shows an embodiment of an encapsulation structure in which multiple solar cell devices are encapsulated in a pure polymer encapsulation material, the luminescent wavelength conversion material is laminated on top of the pure polymer encapsulation, and the luminescent wavelength conversion material also serves as an environmental protection device.

Figure 10 shows an exemplary embodiment of a packaging structure, wherein a solar panel with several solar cell devices utilizes light-emitting wavelength conversion materials to package the solar cell devices, a glass bottom and a glass top sheet provide environmental protection, and a backsheet (backsheet) is located on the solar panel. The light-incident surface of the battery arrangement is below, and the bezel holds the solar panels together.

Figure 11 shows an exemplary embodiment of an encapsulation structure in which a solar panel with several solar cell devices encapsulates the solar cell devices using luminescent wavelength conversion materials, the backsheet is located below the light incident surface of the solar cell devices, and the glass top sheet provides Environmentally friendly, and the bezel holds the solar panels together.

A detailed description

Embodiments of the present invention kill two birds with one stone in one system, protecting the battery from harmful environmental exposure and increasing efficiency. Encapsulating the solar module device with the encapsulation structure containing the light-emitting wavelength conversion material disclosed herein improves the sunlight collection efficiency of the solar cell device and provides stable long-term environmental protection for the device. Encapsulation structures containing luminescence wavelength converting materials can be formed to be compatible with all different types of solar cells and solar panels including silicon based devices, III-V and II-VIPN junction devices, CIGS thin film devices, organic sensitizer devices, Organic thin-film devices, CdS/CdTe thin-film devices, dye-sensitized devices, etc.) are compatible. By using the structure to package the solar module device, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar conversion device (such as solar cell, photovoltaic device, solar panel and any solar module system) can be improved.

Some embodiments provide an encapsulation structure for at least one solar cell or photovoltaic device comprising a luminescence wavelength conversion material. Some embodiments provide an encapsulation structure for at least one solar cell or photovoltaic device comprising a luminescent wavelength conversion material and an environmental protection cover. In some embodiments, the environmental protection cover is configured to inhibit the penetration of moisture and oxygen to the light emitting wavelength converting material and the solar cell or photovoltaic device and comprises a plastic or glass panel. In some embodiments, a sealing tape is applied around the perimeter of the solar panel to inhibit oxygen and moisture ingress from the edges. 1-6 illustrate exemplary embodiments of this encapsulation structure applied to solar cells or photovoltaic module devices.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide an encapsulation structure for at least one solar cell or photovoltaic device comprising a luminescent wavelength converting material. In some embodiments, the luminescent wavelength converting material acts as an environmental protector against the penetration of moisture and oxygen into the solar cell. In one embodiment, the luminescent wavelength conversion material is designed to prevent oxygen and moisture from penetrating the solar cell, eliminating the need for an additional environmental shield, and the material also increases the solar harvesting efficiency of the cell. 7-9 illustrate exemplary embodiments of this encapsulation structure applied to a solar module device.

Embodiments of the invention also relate to methods of improving the performance of a photovoltaic device, solar cell, solar module, or solar panel, comprising encapsulating the device with an encapsulation structure disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the luminescent wavelength converting material of the encapsulating structure can be cast on the solar cell device and cured in place. In some embodiments, the light emitting wavelength conversion material of the encapsulation structure may take the form of a film or layer. In some embodiments, a roll of luminescent wavelength converting material as a thin film may be laminated to the solar module device, where only the front layer is laminated to the solar module, or both the front layer and the back layer Both are laminated on the solar module device.

Other forms of luminescent wavelength converting materials are also possible, as are other methods of applying luminescent wavelength converting materials to solar module devices. The encapsulation structure can be applied to rigid devices, or it can be applied to flexible devices. In addition, the performance of multiple solar cells or photovoltaic devices can be improved with the encapsulation structure. For example, in some embodiments, an encapsulation structure includes a plurality of solar cells or photovoltaic devices.

In some embodiments, other materials may also be used to provide enhanced environmental protection. Glass or plastic sheets are often used as environmental protection covers that can be applied to the top and/or bottom of solar module devices encapsulated with luminescent wavelength conversion materials. In some embodiments, sealing tape can be applied around the perimeter of the device to prevent oxygen or moisture from entering through the sides. In some embodiments, a backsheet can also be used under the solar module arrangement to reflect and refract incident light not absorbed by the solar cells. In some embodiments, encapsulated solar devices can also be placed into frames, such as those used to form solar modules or solar strings. 10 and 11 illustrate exemplary embodiments of encapsulation structures for use in solar module installations.

Chromophores, also known as luminescent dyes or fluorescent dyes, are chemical compounds that absorb photons of a specific wavelength or range of wavelengths and re-emit photons at a different wavelength. Since solar cells and photovoltaic devices are often exposed to extreme environmental conditions for long periods of time (ie over 20 years), the stability of chromophores is very important. In some embodiments, only chromophores with good long-term photostability (i.e., <10% degradation when emitted for more than 20,000 hours under 1x sunlight (AM1.5G) illumination) are used in the luminescent wavelength converting material. Group or chromophore compound. In some embodiments of the encapsulation structure, two or more chromophores are included in the light emitting wavelength conversion material.

In some embodiments, the wavelength converting material may consist of several layers. In some embodiments, two or more chromophores can be located in the same layer of light-emitting wavelength converting material, or they can be located in separate layers of material. It may be desirable to have a variety of chromophores or luminescent dyes in the wavelength converting material, depending on the solar module the material is intended to encapsulate. For example, a first chromophore can be used to convert photons with a wavelength of 400-450 nm to photons with a wavelength of 500 nm, and a second chromophore can be used to convert photons with a wavelength range of 450-475 nm to photons with a wavelength of 500 nm. Photon, wherein the solar module system to be encapsulated by the material exhibits the best photoelectric conversion efficiency at a wavelength of 500nm, so that the light-emitting wavelength conversion material packaging device significantly improves the sunlight collection efficiency of the solar module system.

Additionally, in some embodiments of the encapsulation structure, at least one chromophore is an upconverting dye or uptransfer dye, meaning a chromophore that converts photons from lower energy (long wavelength) to higher energy (short wavelength) . Upconverting dyes may include rare earth materials such as Yb ³⁺ , Tm ³⁺ , Er ³⁺ that have been found to absorb photons at wavelengths in the IR region (ie ~975nm) and re-emit photons at wavelengths in the visible region (400-700nm) , Ho ³⁺ and NaYF ⁴ . Other upconverting materials are described in US Patent Nos. 6,654,161 and 6,139,210, and in the Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, Vol. 33, pp. 169-178, (1995), both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In some embodiments of the encapsulation structure, at least one chromophore is a down-converting dye or a down-transfer dye, meaning a chromophore that converts high energy photons (short wavelength) into lower energy photons (long wavelength).

In some embodiments of the encapsulation structure, the wavelength converting material comprises an optically transparent polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the optically transparent polymer matrix is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, amorphous polycarbonate, polystyrene, silicone sol-gel, polyurethane, polyacrylate, and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments of the encapsulation structure, the optically transparent polymer matrix comprises more than one polymer. In some embodiments, the optically transparent polymer matrix comprises a host polymer, a host polymer and a copolymer or polymers. In some embodiments, the polymeric matrix material has a refractive index in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.7. In some embodiments, the polymeric matrix material has a refractive index in the range of about 1.45 to about 1.55.

In some embodiments, the luminescent dye or chromophore is present in the polymer matrix in an amount from about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt%. In some embodiments, the chromophore is present in the polymer matrix in an amount from about 0.05 wt% to about 1 wt%.

Chromophores represented by general formulas I-a, I-b, II-a, II-b, III-a, III-b, IV, and V can be used as fluorescent dyes in various applications, including in wavelength conversion films. As shown in the general formula, the dye contains a benzoheterocyclic system or a perylene derivative. Further details and examples of the types of compounds that may be used are described below without limiting the scope of the invention.

An "electron donor group" as used herein is defined as any group that increases the electron density of a 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole system.

"Electron donor linker" is defined as any group capable of linking two 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole systems to provide their π-orbital conjugation, electron donor linkers can also increase The electron density of the attached 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole may have a neutral effect on it.

An "electron acceptor group" is defined as any group that reduces the electron density of a 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole system. The position of the electron acceptor group is the N-2 position of the 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole ring system.

The term "alkyl" refers to a branched or straight chain fully saturated acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group (ie, a group composed of carbon and hydrogen free of double and triple bonds). Alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like.

The term "cycloalkyl" as used herein refers to a saturated aliphatic ring system group having 3-20 carbon atoms, including but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like.

The term "alkenyl" as used herein refers to a monovalent linear or branched chain of 2-20 carbon atoms containing a carbon double bond, including but not limited to 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl- 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, etc.

The term "alkynyl" as used herein refers to a monovalent straight-chain or branched group of 2-20 carbon atoms containing a carbon triple bond, including but not limited to 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl Base etc.

The term "aryl" as used herein refers to a homocyclic aromatic group, whether one ring or multiple fused rings. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, naphthacene, fluorenyl, pyrenyl, and the like. Other examples include:

The term "alkaryl" or "alkylaryl" as used herein refers to an alkyl substituted aryl group. Examples of alkaryl groups include, but are not limited to, ethylphenyl, 9,9-hexanediyl-9H-fluorene, and the like.

The term "aralkyl" or "arylalkyl" as used herein refers to an alkyl group substituted with an aryl group. Examples of aralkyl groups include, but are not limited to, phenylpropyl, phenethyl, and the like.

The term "heteroaryl" as used herein refers to an aromatic ring system group, whether one ring or multiple fused rings, in which one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms. When two or more heteroatoms are present, they may be the same or different. In fused ring systems, one or more heteroatoms may be present in only one ring. Examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidine Base, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, thiazolyl, etc. Other examples of substituted and unsubstituted heteroaryl rings include:

The term "alkoxy" as used herein refers to a straight or branched chain alkyl group covalently bonded to a parent molecule through an -O- linkage. Examples of alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, and the like.

The term "heteroatom" as used herein refers to S (sulfur), N (nitrogen) and O (oxygen).

The term "cyclic amino" as used herein refers to a secondary or tertiary amine in a cyclic moiety. Examples of cyclic amino groups include, but are not limited to, aziridinyl, piperidinyl, N-methylpiperidinyl, and the like.

The term "cyclic imido" as used herein refers to an imine in a group in which two carbonyl carbons are linked by a carbon chain. Examples of cyclic imido groups include, but are not limited to, 1,8-naphthalimide, pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, and the like.

The term "aryloxy" as used herein refers to an aryl group covalently bonded to a parent molecule through an --O-- linkage.

The term "acyloxy" as used herein refers to the group R-C(=O)O-.

The term "carbamoyl" as used herein refers to -NHC(=O)R.

The terms "ketone" and "carbonyl" as used herein refer to C=O.

The term "carboxy" as used herein refers to -COOH.

The term "ester" as used herein refers to C(=O)O.

The term "acylamino" as used herein refers to -NRC(=O)R'.

The term "amino" as used herein refers to -NR'R".

As used herein, a substituted group is derived from an unsubstituted parent structure in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been exchanged for another atom or group. When substituted, the substituent is one or more independently and independently selected from C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkenyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkynyl, C ₃ -C ₇ cycloalkyl ( Optionally substituted with halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, haloalkyl, CN, _-SO2 -alkyl, _-CF3 and _-OCF3 ), gem-linked cycloalkyl, _C1 - _C6 Heteroalkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₀ heterocycloalkyl (such as tetrahydrofuryl) (optionally with halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, CN, -SO ₂ -alkyl, -CF ₃ and -OCF ₃ substituted), aryl (optionally substituted with halogen, alkyl, aryl (optionally substituted with C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl), aralkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, carboxyl, amino, acyl imino, amido (carbamoyl), optionally substituted cyclic imido, cyclic amido, CN, -NH-C(=O)-alkyl, -CF ₃ and -OCF ₃ substituted), Aralkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, carboxyl, CN, _-SO2 -alkyl, _-CF3 and _-OCF3 ), heteroaryl (optionally substituted with Halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, carboxyl, CN, -SO ₂ -alkyl, -CF ₃ and -OCF ₃ substituted), halo (such as chloro, bromo substituted, iodo and fluoro), cyano, hydroxy, optionally substituted cyclic imido, amino, imido, amido, -CF ₃ , C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, aryloxy, Acyloxy, mercapto (mercapto), halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylthio, arylthio, mono- and di-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkane Amino, quaternary ammonium salt, amino (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkoxy, hydroxy (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl amino, amino (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkylthio, cyano amino, nitro, Carbamoyl, ketone (oxygen) group, carbonyl, carboxyl, glycolyl, glycyl, hydrazino, amidino, sulfamoyl, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, thiocarbonyl, thiocarboxy, sulfonamide, Ester, C-amide, N-amide, N-carbamate, O-carbamate, urea, and combinations thereof. Wherever a substituent is described with "optionally substituted", the substituent may be substituted with the above substituents.

Formula I-a and I-b

Some embodiments provide a chromophore having one of the following structures:

where D1 and D2 are electron ^donating groups, ^Li is ^an electron donor linker, and ^A0 and ^Ai are electron acceptor groups. In some embodiments, if more than one electron donor group is present, the other electron donor groups may be occupied by another electron donor, a hydrogen atom, or another neutral substituent. In some embodiments, at least one of D ¹ , D ² , and Li is a group that ^enhances the electron density of the 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole system to which it is attached.

In formulas I-a and I-b, i is an integer of 0-100. In some embodiments, i is an integer from 0-50, 0-30, 0-10, 0-5, or 0-3. In some embodiments, i is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

In formulas Ia and Ib, A ⁰ and A ⁱ are each independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted Heteroaryl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted amido, optionally substituted cyclic amido, optionally substituted cyclic imido, optionally substituted alkoxy, and optionally substituted carboxy and an optionally substituted carbonyl.

In some embodiments, ^A and A ^are each independently selected from optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted cyclic imido, optionally substituted C _1-8 alkane and optionally substituted C _1-8 alkenyl; wherein the substituent of the optionally substituted heteroaryl is selected from alkyl, aryl and halogen; the substituent of the optionally substituted aryl is -NR ¹ -C( =O) R ² or optionally substituted cyclic imido, wherein R ¹ and R ² are as described above.

In some embodiments, A ⁰ and A ¹ are each independently phenyl substituted with a moiety selected from -NR ¹ -C(=O)R ² and optionally substituted cyclic imido, wherein R ¹ and ^R2 is as described above.

In some embodiments, A and A ^are each optionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted cyclic imido ^; wherein the optionally substituted heteroaryl and the optionally substituted cyclic imido Substituents are selected from alkyl, aryl and halogen. In some embodiments, ^at least one of A and A is selected from: optionally substituted ^pyridyl , optionally substituted pyridazinyl, optionally substituted pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted pyrazinyl, optionally Substituted triazinyl, optionally substituted quinolinyl, optionally substituted isoquinolinyl, optionally substituted quinazolinyl, optionally substituted phthalazinyl, optionally substituted quinoxalinyl, any substituted naphthyridinyl and optionally substituted purinyl are selected.

In other embodiments, Ao and ^{Ai are} each optionally substituted alkyl. In other embodiments, A ⁰ and A ¹ are each optionally substituted alkenyl. In some embodiments, ^at least one of Ao and ^Ai is selected from: as well as wherein R is optionally substituted alkyl.

In formulas Ia and Ib, ^A is selected from optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted heteroarylene, ketone, ester and wherein Ar is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl. R is selected from H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, ^{alkaryl ;} and R is selected from optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally Substituted arylene, optionally substituted heteroarylene, ketones, and esters ^; or R and R can be joined together to form ^a ring.

In some embodiments, ^A is selected from optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted heteroarylene, and Wherein Ar, R ¹ and R ² are as described above.

^In formulas Ia and Ib, D and D are each independently selected from ^hydrogen , optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted acyloxy, optionally substituted alkyl, Optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted amino, amido, cyclic amido, and cyclic imido, with the ^proviso that both D and D are not ^hydrogen .

^In some embodiments, D and D are each independently selected from ^hydrogen , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and amino, with the proviso that neither D ^nor D are ^hydrogen . ^In some embodiments, D and D are each independently selected from ^hydrogen , optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, and diphenylamino, with the proviso that neither D ^nor D are ^both hydrogen.

^In some embodiments, D and D ^are each independently selected from optionally substituted aryl. In some embodiments, D ¹ and D ² are each independently phenyl optionally substituted with alkoxy or amino. ^In other embodiments, D and D are each independently selected from ^hydrogen , optionally substituted benzofuryl, optionally substituted thienyl, optionally substituted furyl, dihydrothienodioxinyl ), optionally substituted benzothienyl, and optionally substituted dibenzothienyl, with the ^proviso that both D and D are not ^hydrogen .

In some embodiments, the substituents for optionally substituted aryl and optionally substituted heteroaryl may be selected from alkoxy, aryloxy, aryl, heteroaryl, and amino.

In formulas Ia and ^Ib , Li is independently selected from optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted alkynylene, optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted hetero Arylene. In some embodiments, ^Li is selected from optionally substituted heteroarylene and optionally substituted arylene.

In some embodiments, at least one of Li is selected from 1,2- ^vinylene , acetylene, 1,4-phenylene, 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'- Diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, 9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl, perylene-3,9-diyl, perylene-3 ,10-diyl or pyrene-1,6-diyl, 1H-pyrrole-2,5-diyl, furan-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, thieno[3,2 -b]thiophene-2,5-diyl, benzo[c]thiophene-1,3-diyl, dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-2,8-diyl, 9H-carbazole-3, 6-diyl, 9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl, dibenzo[b,d]furan-2,8-diyl, 10H-phenothiazine-3,7-diyl and 10H-phen Thiazine-2,8-diyl; wherein each moiety is optionally substituted.

Formula II-a and II-b

Some embodiments provide a chromophore having one of the following structures:

where i is an integer from 0-100. In some embodiments, i is an integer from 0-50, 0-30, 0-10, 0-5, or 0-3. In some embodiments, i is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

In formula II-a and II-b, Ar is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl. In some embodiments, an aryl substituted with an amido or cyclic imido at the N-2 position of a 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole ring system provides unexpected and Improved effect.

In formula II-a and II-b, R ⁴ is or optionally substituted cyclic imido ^; each R1 is independently selected from H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkaryl; each ^R3 is independently selected from any Substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl; or R' and R ^" can be joined together to form a ring.

^In some embodiments, R is an optionally substituted cyclic imido selected from:

as well as and wherein each R' is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl, and X is optionally substituted heteroalkyl.

In formula II-a and ^II -b, R is selected from optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted heteroarylene.

In formulas II- ^a and ^II -b, D and D are each independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted acyloxy, optionally substituted Alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted amino, amido, cyclic amido and cyclic imido, with the proviso that neither D ^nor D are ^both is hydrogen.

In formulas II-a and II-b, ^Li is independently selected from optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted alkynylene, optionally substituted arylene, any Choose a substituted heteroarylene.

In some embodiments, at least one of Li is selected from 1,2-vinylene, ^ethynylene , 1,4-phenylene, 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diyl, naphthalene -2,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, 9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl, perylene-3,9-diyl, perylene-3,10-diyl Base or pyrene-1,6-diyl, 1H-pyrrole-2,5-diyl, furan-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene -2,5-diyl, benzo[c]thiophene-1,3-diyl, dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-2,8-diyl, 9H-carbazole-3,6-diyl , 9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl, dibenzo[b,d]furan-2,8-diyl, 10H-phenothiazine-3,7-diyl and 10H-phenothiazine-2 ,8-diyl; wherein each moiety is optionally substituted.

Formulas III-a and III-b

Some embodiments provide a chromophore having one of the following structures:

The arrangement of the alkyl group in the formulas (III-a) and (III-b) at the N-2 position of the 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole ring system and the substituted phenyl group at the C- The arrangement of the 4 and C-7 positions provided an unexpected and improved effect. In formulas III-a and III-b, i is an integer of 0-100. In some embodiments, i is an integer from 0-50, 0-30, 0-10, 0-5, or 0-3. In some embodiments, i is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

In formulas III-a and III-b, ^A and A ^are each independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted amido, Optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted carbonyl, and optionally substituted carboxy.

In some embodiments, A and A ^are each independently unsubstituted alkyl or partially substituted alkyl selected from: -NRR", -OR, -COOR, -COR, -CONHR, ^-CONRR ”, halogen, and —CN; wherein R is C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl, and R” is hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkyl. In some embodiments, optionally substituted alkyl may be optionally substituted C ₁ -C ₄₀ alkyl. In some embodiments, A ⁰ and A ⁱ are each independently C ₁ -C ₄₀ alkyl or C ₁ -C ₂₀ haloalkyl.

In some embodiments, A ⁰ and A ⁱ are each independently C ₁ -C ₂₀ haloalkyl, C ₁ -C ₄₀ aralkyl, or C ₁ -C ₂₀ alkenyl.

In formulas III-a and III-b, each R ⁵ is independently selected from optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted acyloxy, and amino. ^In some embodiments, R5 can be attached to the phenyl ring in the ortho or para position. In some embodiments, R ⁵ is independently selected from C ₁ -C ₄₀ alkoxy.

In formulas III-a and III-b, ^A is selected from optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted heteroarylene, ketone, ester and wherein Ar is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl, R is selected from H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, ^{alkaryl ;} and R is selected from Optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted heteroarylene, ketones, and esters ^; or R and R can be joined together to form ^a ring .

In formulas III-a and III-b, ^Li is independently selected from optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted alkynylene, optionally substituted arylene, any Choose a substituted heteroarylene.

In some embodiments, at least one of Li is selected from 1,2-vinylene, ^ethynylene , 1,4-phenylene, 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diyl, naphthalene -2,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, 9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl, perylene-3,9-diyl, perylene-3,10-diyl Base or pyrene-1,6-diyl, 1H-pyrrole-2,5-diyl, furan-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene -2,5-diyl, benzo[c]thiophene-1,3-diyl, dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-2,8-diyl, 9H-carbazole-3,6-diyl , 9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl, dibenzo[b,d]furan-2,8-diyl, 10H-phenothiazine-3,7-diyl and 10H-phenothiazine-2 ,8-Diyl; where each moiety is optionally substituted.

Formula IV

Some embodiments provide chromophores having the following structures:

where i is an integer from 0-100. In some embodiments, i is an integer from 0-50, 0-30, 0-10, 0-5, or 0-3. In some embodiments, i is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

In formula IV, Z and Z _i are each independently selected from -O-, -S-, -Se-, -Te-, -NR ⁶ -, -CR ⁶ =CR ⁶ - and -CR ⁶ =N-, wherein R is hydrogen, optionally substituted C ₁ -C ⁶ alkyl or optionally substituted C ₁ -C ₁₀ aryl _; and

^In Formula IV, D and D ^are independently selected from optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted acyloxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl radical, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted amino, amido, cyclic amido and cyclic imido; j is 0, 1 or 2, and k is 0, 1 or 2. In some embodiments, the —C(=O)Y ₁ and —C(=O)Y ₂ groups may be attached to the substituents of the optionally substituted moieties of D ¹ and D ² .

_{In formula} IV, Y and Y are independently selected from optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, and optionally substituted amino; as well as

In Formula IV, Li is independently selected from optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted ^alkynylene , optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted heteroarylene base.

In some embodiments, at least one of Li is selected from 1,2-vinylene, ^ethynylene , 1,4-phenylene, 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diyl, naphthalene -2,6-diyl, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, 9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl, perylene-3,9-diyl, perylene-3,10-diyl Base or pyrene-1,6-diyl, 1H-pyrrole-2,5-diyl, furan-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene -2,5-diyl, benzo[c]thiophene-1,3-diyl, dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-2,8-diyl, 9H-carbazole-3,6-diyl , 9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl, dibenzo[b,d]furan-2,8-diyl, 10H-phenothiazine-3,7-diyl and 10H-phenothiazine-2 ,8-Diyl; where each moiety is optionally substituted.

For Li in any of the above ^formulas , the electron linker represents a conjugated electron system, which may be neutral or act as an electron donor itself. In some embodiments, some examples are provided below, which may or may not contain other attached substituents.

Wait.

Wait.

Formulas V-a and V-b

Some embodiments provide perylene diester derivatives represented by the following general formula (V-a) or general formula (V-b):

wherein R ₁ and R ₁ ' in formula (I) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₀ cycloalkyl, C ₂ -C ₁₀ alkoxyalkyl, C ₆ -C ₁₈ aryl and C ₆ -C ₂₀ aralkyl; m and n in formula (I) are each independently 1-5; and R ₂ and R ₂ ' in formula (II) are each independently selected from C ₆ -C ₁₈ aryl and C ₆ -C ₂₀ aralkyl. In one embodiment, if one cyano group on formula (II) is present at the 4-position of the perylene ring, no other cyano group is present at the 10-position of the perylene ring. In one embodiment, if one cyano group on formula (II) is present at the 10-position of the perylene ring, no other cyano group is present at the 4-position of the perylene ring.

In one embodiment, R ₁ and R ₁ ′ are independently selected from hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₂ -C ₆ alkoxyalkyl, and C ₆ -C ₁₈ aryl. In _one embodiment, R and R are each independently selected from isopropyl, isobutyl, isohexyl, isooctyl, ₂ -ethyl-hexyl, diphenylmethyl, trityl, and diphenyl. _In one embodiment, R2 and _R2 ' are independently selected from diphenylmethyl, trityl and diphenyl. In one embodiment, each of m and n in formula (I) is independently 1-4.

In some embodiments, the light emitting wavelength conversion material of the encapsulating structure further includes one or more sensitizers. In some embodiments, the sensitizer includes nanoparticles, nanometals, nanowires, or carbon nanotubes. In some embodiments, the sensitizer includes fullerenes. In some embodiments, the fullerene is selected from optionally substituted C ₆₀ , optionally substituted C ₇₀ , optionally substituted C ₈₄ , optionally substituted single-walled carbon nanotubes, and optionally substituted multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Tube. In some embodiments, the fullerene is selected from [6,6]-phenyl-C ₆₁ -butyric acid-methyl ester, [6,6]-phenyl-C ₇₁ -butyric acid-methyl ester, and [6, 6] -Phenyl-C ₈₅ -butyric acid-methyl ester. In some embodiments, the sensitizer is selected from optionally substituted phthalocyanines, optionally substituted perylenes, optionally substituted porphyrins, and optionally substituted terrylenes. In some embodiments, the light-emitting wavelength conversion material of the encapsulation structure further comprises a combination of sensitizers, wherein the combination of sensitizers is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted fullerenes, optionally substituted phthalocyanines, optionally substituted dinaphthalenes Reylenes, optionally substituted porphyrins and optionally substituted terrylenes.

In some embodiments, the light emitting wavelength conversion material of the encapsulation structure includes the sensitizer in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

In some embodiments, the light emitting wavelength converting material of the encapsulating structure further comprises one or more plasticizers. In some embodiments, the plasticizer is selected from N-alkylcarbazole derivatives and triphenylamine derivatives.

In some embodiments, the composition of luminescent wavelength conversion material further comprises a UV stabilizer, antioxidant or absorber. In some embodiments, the pure polymer encapsulated composition further comprises a UV stabilizer, antioxidant or absorber.

In some embodiments, glass or plastic panels used as environmental enclosures may also contain strong UV absorbers to block harmful high energy radiation. In some embodiments, other materials or layers may also be used in the structure, such as glass panels, reflective backsheets, edge sealing tape, bezel materials, polymeric materials, or adhesive layers to adhere other layers to the system.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of improving the performance of a solar cell, solar light string, solar panel, or photovoltaic device, the method comprising encapsulating the device with an encapsulation structure disclosed herein.

In some embodiments of the method, the solar panel includes at least one photovoltaic device or solar cell, including a cadmium sulfide/cadmium telluride solar cell. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic device or solar cell comprises a copper indium gallium diselenide solar cell. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell or solar cell includes a III-V or II-VIPN junction device. In some embodiments, a photovoltaic or solar cell includes an organic sensitizer device. In some embodiments, photovoltaic cells or solar cells include organic thin film devices. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic device or solar cell includes an amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cell. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic device or solar cell comprises a microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) solar cell. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic device or solar cell comprises a crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell.

In some embodiments of the method, additional layers of material may also be used in the encapsulation structure. For example, glass or plastic panels can be used to provide additional environmental protection. The backplane can be used to provide reflection and/or refraction of photons not absorbed by the solar cell. An adhesive layer may also be required. For example, an adhesive layer between the luminescent wavelength conversion material and the glass plate is used to adhere the two layers together. Other layers may also be included to further increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar module. For example, a layer of microstructures may be provided on top of the encapsulation structure or between the luminescent wavelength conversion material and the glass sheet, said microstructures being designed to further enhance the solar module's daylight harvesting by reducing the loss of photons to the environment Efficiency, the photons, after absorption and wavelength conversion, are usually re-emitted from the chromophore in a direction away from the photoelectric conversion layer of the solar module device. Layers with various microstructures (ie, pyramids or cones) on the surface can increase the internal reflection and refraction of photons to the photoelectric conversion layer of a solar cell device, thereby further increasing the sunlight harvesting efficiency of the device.

Daylight harvesting devices can also be rigid or flexible. For example, rigid devices include silicon-based solar cells. Flexible solar devices are often made from organic films and can be used on clothing, tents or other flexible substrates. Thus, in some embodiments, the encapsulation structure can be applied to either rigid or flexible devices.

Figure 1 shows one embodiment of an encapsulation structure comprising a single solar cell device 100 encapsulated by laminating films of luminescent wavelength conversion material 101 comprising an optically transparent polymer matrix and at least one solar cell device on both sides of the cell. Chromophores 102 . A glass or plastic film can be used as an environmental shield 103 and the sides sealed with sealing tape 104 to prevent the ingress of oxygen and moisture.

Figure 2 illustrates another embodiment of an encapsulation structure showing multiple solar cell devices 100 encapsulated by laminating films of luminescent wavelength converting material 101 comprising an optically transparent polymer matrix on both sides of the cell and at least one chromophore 102, wherein a glass or plastic film is used as an environmental protection cover 103, and the sides are sealed with sealing tape 104 to prevent oxygen and moisture ingress.

Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the encapsulation structure, showing multiple cells encapsulated by laminating a pure polymer encapsulation 105 on both sides of the cell, followed by lamination of light emitting wavelength converting material 101 on top of the pure polymer encapsulation. Solar cell device 100. Luminescent wavelength converting material 101 comprises an optically transparent polymer matrix and at least one chromophore 102, and wherein a glass or plastic film is used as an environmental protection cover 103, and the sides are sealed with sealing tape 104 to prevent oxygen and moisture ingress.

Figure 4 shows another embodiment of an encapsulation structure showing multiple solar cell devices 100 encapsulated by laminating a film of luminescent wavelength converting material 101 comprising an optically transparent polymeric substance matrix and at least one chromophore 102. A backsheet 106 is used under the solar cells, a glass or plastic film is used as an environmental protection cover 103, and the sides are sealed with sealing tape 104 to prevent oxygen and moisture ingress.

Figure 5 shows another embodiment of an encapsulation structure, showing multiple cells encapsulated by laminating a pure polymer encapsulation 105 on both sides of the cell, followed by lamination of light emitting wavelength conversion material 101 on top of the pure polymer encapsulation. Solar cell device 100. The luminescent wavelength converting material comprises an optically transparent polymer matrix and at least one chromophore 102 . A backsheet 106 is used under the solar cells, a glass or plastic film is used as an environmental protection cover 103, and the sides are sealed with sealing tape 104 to prevent oxygen and moisture ingress.

Figure 6 shows another embodiment of the encapsulation structure, showing multiple cells encapsulated by laminating a pure polymer encapsulation 105 on the cell side, followed by lamination of light-emitting wavelength conversion material 101 on top of the pure polymer encapsulation. Solar cell device 100. The luminescent wavelength conversion material 101 comprises an optically transparent polymer matrix and at least one chromophore 102 . An additional pure polymer encapsulation layer 105 containing UV absorbers that block harmful high energy radiation is laminated on top of the luminescent wavelength conversion material and a glass or plastic film is used as an environmental protection cover 103 and the sides are sealed with sealing tape 104. Live to prevent oxygen and moisture from entering.

Figure 7 shows another embodiment of an encapsulation structure showing a single solar cell device 100 encapsulated in a light emitting wavelength conversion material 101 comprising an optically transparent polymer matrix and at least one chromophore 102, And wherein the light-emitting wavelength conversion material also plays an environmental protection role of preventing oxygen and moisture from penetrating into the battery.

FIG. 8 illustrates another embodiment of an encapsulation structure showing a plurality of solar cell devices 100 encapsulated in a light emitting wavelength conversion material 101 comprising an optically transparent polymer matrix and at least one chromophore 102. , and wherein the light-emitting wavelength conversion material also plays an environmental protection role in preventing oxygen and moisture from penetrating into the battery.

Figure 9 shows another embodiment of the encapsulation structure, which shows the encapsulation by lamination of pure polymer encapsulation 105 on the light incident side of the cell, followed by lamination of light-emitting wavelength converting material 101 on top of the pure polymer encapsulation. A plurality of solar cell devices 100 . The luminescent wavelength conversion material 101 includes an optically transparent polymer matrix and at least one chromophore 102, and wherein the luminescent wavelength conversion material also plays an environmental protection role to prevent oxygen and moisture from penetrating into the battery. A glass or plastic film is used as the bottom environmental shield 103 and the sides are sealed with sealing tape 104 to prevent the ingress of oxygen and moisture.

Figure 10 shows another embodiment of an encapsulation structure showing a solar panel constructed with multiple solar cell devices 100, the luminescent wavelength conversion material 101 encapsulating the solar cell devices, and the glass bottom plate 103 and glass top plate 103 serving as an environmental protection cover 103, the back plate 106 is located under the bottom glass plate, and the frame 107 holds the modules together.

Figure 11 shows another embodiment of an encapsulation structure showing a solar panel constructed with a plurality of solar cell devices 100, the luminescent wavelength converting material 101 encapsulating the solar cell devices, and the backsheet 106 positioned between the light incident surfaces of the solar cell devices Next, a glass top plate 103 is adhered to the top of the module, and a bezel 107 holds the module together.

In some embodiments, luminescent wavelength conversion materials comprising at least one chromophore and an optically transparent polymer matrix are applied to solar cell devices by first synthesizing a dye/polymer solution in liquid or gel form, using this Standard methods applied, such as spin coating or drop casting, apply a dye/polymer solution to a solar cell substrate arranged on a removable substrate, followed by curing the dye/polymer solution into a solid form (i.e. heat treatment, UV exposure etc.), as can be determined by formulation design.

In another embodiment, a light-emitting wavelength conversion material comprising at least one chromophore and an optically transparent polymer matrix is applied to a solar cell device by first synthesizing a dye/polymer film, followed by utilizing an optically transparent and photostable Adhesives and/or laminating agents to adhere the dye/polymer film to the solar cell device. A dye/polymer film can be applied first on the top of the solar cell and then on the bottom of the solar cell, thereby fully encapsulating the cell. It is also possible to apply the dye/polymer film to the top surface only, where the bottom surface of the solar cell is fixed to a substrate, such as a backsheet, and the dye/polymer film is applied to the top surface of the solar cell without connecting the solar cell to it. Substrate part.

The synthesis method for forming the encapsulation structure is not limited. The synthesis method of the luminescent wavelength conversion material is not limited, but the exemplary steps described in Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 detailed below can be followed.

Scheme 1: General steps of wet processing to form WLC materials

In some embodiments, the luminescent wavelength converting material 101 comprising at least one chromophore 102 and an optically transparent polymer matrix is fabricated into a film structure. The wavelength conversion layer is produced by (i) preparing a polymer solution in which polymer powder is dissolved in a solvent such as tetrachloroethylene (TCE), cyclopentanone, dioxane, etc. at a predetermined ratio; (ii) by dissolving The polymer solution and the chromophore are mixed in a predetermined weight ratio to prepare a chromophore solution containing the polymer mixture to obtain a dye-containing polymer solution, (iii) directly casting the dye-containing polymer solution on a glass substrate, and then The substrate was heat treated from room temperature up to 100°C within 2 hours, the remaining solvent was completely removed by further heating under vacuum at 130°C overnight to form a dye/polymer film, and (iv) the dye/polymer film was stripped in water prior to use. Polymer film, followed by drying of the free-standing polymer film; (v) By varying the dye/polymer solution concentration and evaporation rate, the film thickness can be controlled from 1 μm to 1 mm.

Scheme 2: General steps for dry processing to form WLC materials

In some embodiments, the luminescent wavelength converting material 101 comprising at least one chromophore 102 and an optically transparent polymer matrix is fabricated into a film structure. The wavelength conversion layer is produced by: (i) mixing polymer powder or particles with chromophore powder in a predetermined ratio using a mixer at a certain temperature; (ii) degassing the mixture at a certain temperature for 1-8 hours; (iii) followed by forming a layer using an extruder; (v) the extruder controls the thickness of the layer at 1 μm to 1 mm.

Once the luminous wavelength conversion encapsulation film is formed, it can be adhered to the solar module device using an optically transparent and light-stable adhesive.

In order to summarize aspects of the invention and the advantages realized over the related art, this disclosure describes certain objects and advantages of the invention. It is to be understood, of course, that not necessarily all such objects or advantages can be achieved by any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages taught herein without necessarily achieving other objectives or advantages taught or suggested herein.

Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the embodiments detailed below.

Example

The following embodiments are not intended to limit the invention. In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the listed substituents include further substituted and unsubstituted groups. In addition, in the present disclosure, if conditions and/or structures are not specified, those skilled in the art should be able to easily provide such conditions and/or structures based on the teachings herein.

Chromophore Synthesis

Compounds 1 and 2

Synthesis of the chromophore was carried out according to the following scheme:

4,7-dibromobenzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole (13.2g, 45mmol), 4-(N,N-diphenylamine)phenylboronic acid (30.0g, 104mmol), Sodium carbonate (21.2g, 200mmol) in water (80mL) solution, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (5.0g, 4.3mmol), the mixture of n-butanol (800mL) and toluene (400mL), and in Heated at 100°C for 20 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water (600 mL) and stirred for 2 hours. Finally the reaction mixture was extracted with toluene (2 L) and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed with silica gel and hexane/dichloromethane (1:1) as eluent to obtain 26.96 g (43.3 mmol, 96%) of 4,7-bis[(N,N- Diphenylamino)phenyl)]benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole (Intermediate A).

To a stirred solution of Intermediate A (22.0 g, 35.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (800 mL) under argon and cooled in an ice/water bath was added 4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride (97.4 mL, 500 mmol) and A 1M solution of zinc chloride in diethyl ether (700 mL, 700 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred and heated at 44°C for 68 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into crushed ice (2 kg), stirred, treated with saturated sodium carbonate to pH 8, diluted with dichloromethane (2 L), and filtered through a sintered glass funnel at atmospheric pressure. The dichloromethane layer was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated. Column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/dichloromethane/ethyl acetate, 48:50:2) of the residue followed by recrystallization from ethanol afforded pure luminescent dye compound 1 as the first fraction, 7.72 g (28%) . ¹ HNMR (400MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ7.94 (d, 2H, J = 7.3Hz), 7.87 (d, 2H, J = 7.7Hz), 7.74 (m, 6H), 7.47 (d, 2H, J = 7.3Hz), 7.36(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 7.31(d, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 7.27(m, 6H), 7.19(m, 7H), 7.13(d, 2H, J= 7.7Hz), 7.06(t, 2H, J=7.3Hz), 1.35(s, 9H). UV-vis spectrum: λ _max = 448nm (dichloromethane), 456nm (PVB film). Fluorescence measurement: λ _max =618nm (dichloromethane), 562nm (PVB film).

The second fraction yielded chromophore compound 2, 12.35 g (37% yield). ¹ HNMR (400MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ7.95(d, 4H, J=8.4Hz), 7.79-7.73(m, 10H), 7.48(d, 4H, J=7.7Hz), 7.36(t, 4H, J=7.7Hz),7.31(d,4H,J=8.4Hz),7.25(d,4H,J=7.7Hz),7.18(t,J=7.3,2H,Ph),7.14(d,4H,J =8.8Hz), 1.35(s,18H). UV-vis spectrum: λ _max =437nm (dichloromethane), 455nm (PVB film). Fluorescence measurement: λ _max =607nm (dichloromethane), 547nm (PVB film).

Intermediate B

The common intermediate B was synthesized in two steps.

Step 1: Synthesis of 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole

A mixture of 4-nitrochlorobenzene (55.0 g, 349 mmol), benzotriazole (50.0 g, 420 mmol), potassium carbonate (200 g, 500 mmol) and NMP (500 mL) was stirred and heated at 130 °C under argon 5 hours. The progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. The reaction mixture was poured into crushed ice (2 kg). After all the ice had melted, the solid was filtered off and washed with water (200 mL). The product was suspended in methanol (1.5 L) and stirred for 30 minutes. Crystals were filtered off and dried in a vacuum oven. Column chromatography using silica gel and a hot solution of ethyl acetate (1%) in toluene as eluent afforded 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3] Triazole (24.24 g, 30% yield). ¹ HNMR (400MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ8.57 (d, J=9.2Hz, 2H, 4-nitrophenyl), 8.44 (d, J=9.2Hz, 2H, 4-nitrophenyl), 7.93 (m, 2H, benzotriazole), 7.47 (m, 2H, benzotriazole).

Step 2: Synthesis of 4,7-dibromo-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (Intermediate B)

In a reflux condenser connected to the Hbr trap, 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (7.70 g, 31.2 mmol), bromine (4.8 mL, 94 mmol) and 48% HBr (120 mL) was heated at 130°C for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was poured onto crushed ice (800 g), decolorized with ₅ % Na2SO3 solution, and left to stand at room temperature for ₂ hours. The precipitate was filtered and washed with water (200 mL), followed by 2% NaHCO ₃ (200 mL), followed by water (200 mL). The material was dried in a vacuum oven to obtain 4,7-dibromo-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (intermediate B, 13.47 g) with a purity of 90%. The yield was 97%. ¹ HNMR (400MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ8.65(m,2H,4-nitrophenyl),8.44(m,2H,4-nitrophenyl),7.54(s,2H,benzotriazole) .

Intermediate C

Intermediate C was synthesized using the following reaction scheme.

Intermediate B (3.98g, 10.0mmol), 4-isobutoxyphenylboronic acid (5.00g, 25.7mmol), sodium carbonate (5.30g, 50mmol) water (40mL) solution, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) A mixture of palladium(0) (2.00 g), n-butanol (60 mL) and toluene (30 mL) was stirred under argon and heated at 100° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water (200 mL), stirred for 30 minutes, and extracted with toluene (500 mL). The extract was washed with water (200 mL), concentrated to a volume of 100 mL, and diluted with dichloromethane (200 mL) and methanol (200 mL). The resulting solution was hydrogenated with 10% Pd/C (2 g) at 50 psi for 20 minutes, filtered through a layer of Celite, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Chromatography (silica gel, hexane/dichloromethane/ethyl acetate, 35:50:5) of the residue afforded 4,7-bis(4-isobutoxyphenyl)-2-(4- Aminophenyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (Intermediate C) (3.80 g, 75%). ¹ HNMR (400MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ8.22 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H, 4-aminophenyl), 8.09 (d, J=8.7Hz, 4H, 4-i-BuOC ₆ H ₄ ), 7.57 (s, 2H, benzotriazole), 7.06 (d, J = 8.7Hz, 4H, 4-i-BuOC ₆ H ₄ ), 6.79 (d, J = 8.5Hz, 2H, 4-aminophenyl) ,3.90(bs,2H,NH ₂ ),3.81(d,J=6.6Hz,4H,i-BuO),2.14(m,2H,i-BuO),1.06(d,J=7.0Hz,12H,i -BuO).

Compound 3

Compound 3 was synthesized according to the following reaction scheme:

Intermediate C (0.92g, 1.82mmol), 3,3-dimethylglutaric anhydride (284mg, 2.0mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (20mL) was heated in a reflux condenser at 80°C for 20 Hour. After cooling to room temperature, acetyl chloride (0.28 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated at 80° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (200 mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO ₃ (100 mL). The solution was dried over _MgSO4 and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/dichloromethane/ethyl acetate, 37:60:3) and crystallized from ethanol to obtain 1-(4-(4,7 -bis(4-isobutoxyphenyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)phenyl)-4,4-dimethylpiperidine-2, 6-Diketone (compound 3, 551 mg, 48% yield). ¹ HNMR (400MHz, CDCl ₃ ): δ8.53 (d, J = 8.8Hz, 2H, 4-iminophenyl), 8.08 (d, J = 8.8Hz, 4H, 4-i-BuOC ₆ H ₄ ), 7.61 (s, 2H, benzotriazole), 7.26 (d, J = 8.8Hz, 2H, 4-iminophenyl), 7.07 (d, J = 8.8Hz, 4H, 4-i-BuOC ₆ H ₄ ), 3.82(d, J=6.6Hz, 4H, i-BuO), 2.72(s, 4H, 4,4-dimethylpiperidine-2,6-dione), 2.14(m, 2H , i-BuO), 1.24 (s, 6H, 4,4-dimethylpiperidine-2,6-dione), 1.06 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 12H, i-BuO). UV-vis spectrum (PVB): λ _max =388 nm. Fluorescence measurement (PVB): λ _max = 478 nm.

Example 1

The wavelength converting layer was fabricated by: (i) preparing a 20 wt% polyvinyl butyral (PVB) (from Aldrich and used as received) polymer solution with Polymer powder; (ii) PVB matrix containing chromophore was prepared by mixing PVB polymer solution with compound 1 synthesized at a weight ratio of 0.3wt% (compound 1/PVB) to obtain chromophore-containing polymer solution; (iii) by directly casting a dye-containing polymer solution onto a glass substrate, followed by heat treating the substrate at room temperature up to 100°C for 2 hours, and completely removing residual solvent by further heating under vacuum at 130°C overnight, thereby forming a dye/polymer film; and (iv) stripping the dye/polymer film in water prior to use, followed by drying the free-standing polymer film. After the film is dried, it can be hot-pressed into an emission wavelength conversion sheet having a thickness of about 500 μm.

Then, in some embodiments, the luminescent wavelength conversion sheet, commercial 5-inch monocrystalline silicon solar cells, and pure PVB polymer encapsulant are laminated on a glass plate with a thickness of about 3 mm at 130° C. The wavelength conversion sheet is used as the front surface, which is similar to the structure shown in FIG. 8 . The output of the solar cell was measured before and after lamination and the relative improvement achieved was about 12.5%.

Example 2

Example 2 was synthesized using the same method as given in Example 1, but the difference is that compound 2 is used instead of compound 1, and pure ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer encapsulant is used instead of pure PVB Polymer encapsulation. The output of the solar cell was measured before and after lamination and a relative increase of about 8.9% was observed.

Example 3

Example 3 was synthesized similarly to Example 2, but with the difference that the structure was laminated between two approximately 3mm thick glass plates, similar to the structure shown in Figure 3, where the sequence of layers was as follows: Top glass plate, emission wavelength conversion sheet, solar cells encapsulated in pure EVA polymer, and bottom glass plate. The output of the solar cell was measured before and after lamination and a relative increase of about 7.5% was observed.

Example 4

Example 4 was synthesized similarly to Example 2, but with the difference that the structure was laminated to an approximately 3 mm thick glass plate and a back plate (254 μm thick Madico TFBPV backsheet, manufactured by Madico, Inc.), which is similar to the structure shown in Figure 5, where the sequence of layers is: top glass plate, emission wavelength conversion sheet, solar cells encapsulated in pure EVA polymer, and backsheet . The output of the solar cell was measured before and after lamination and a relative increase of about 7.8% was observed.

Example 5

Example 5 was synthesized similarly to Example 3, but the difference was that Compound 3 was used in the wavelength conversion layer at a weight ratio of 0.1% (Compound 3/EVA), and a 1 inch×1 inch crystalline silicon solar cell was used Replacing 5" x 5" monocrystalline silicon solar cells. The structure is laminated between two glass plates about 3 mm thick, similar to the structure described in Figure 3, where the sequence of layers is as follows: top glass plate, emission wavelength conversion plate, encapsulated in pure EVA polymer The solar cell and the bottom glass plate. The output of the solar cell was measured before and after lamination and a relative increase of about 2.6% was observed.

Example 6

Example 6 was synthesized similarly to Example 5 except that Compound 3 was used in the wavelength conversion layer at a weight ratio of 0.2% (Compound 3/EVA). The output of the solar cell was measured before and after lamination and a relative increase of about 2.8% was observed.

Example 7

Example 7 was synthesized similarly to Example 5 except that Compound 3 was used in the wavelength conversion layer at a weight ratio of 0.3% (Compound 3/EVA). The output of the solar cell was measured before and after lamination and a relative increase of about 1.6% was observed.

Comparative Example 8

Example 8 was synthesized similarly to Example 5, but without luminescent compound, with the following sequence of layers: top glass plate, pure EVA sheet, solar cells encapsulated in EVA polymer, and bottom glass plate. The output of the solar cell was measured before and after lamination and a relative increase of about 0.7% was observed.

The object of the present invention is to provide a packaging structure containing light-emitting wavelength conversion materials suitable for packaging solar cells, photovoltaic devices, solar modules and solar panels. As illustrated in the above examples, the use of this material improves the light conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

In order to summarize aspects of the invention and the advantages realized over the related art, this disclosure describes certain objects and advantages of the invention. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all such objects or advantages can be achieved by any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages taught herein without necessarily achieving other objectives or advantages taught or suggested herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many different modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, it should be clearly understood that the forms of the present invention are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims (25)

1. A packaging structure for a solar energy conversion device, comprising: a luminescent wavelength converting material comprising at least one chromophore and an optically transparent polymer matrix; and wherein the luminescent wavelength conversion material is configured to encapsulate the solar energy conversion device and inhibit moisture and oxygen from permeating the solar energy conversion device, wherein at least one of said chromophores is represented by formula (I-a) or (I-b): in i is 0; A ^O are each independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted Heteroaryl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted amido, optionally substituted cyclic amido, optionally substituted cyclic imido, optionally substituted Alkoxy, optionally substituted carboxy, and optionally substituted carbonyl; ^A is selected from optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted heteroarylene, ketone, ester and wherein Ar is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl ^; R is selected from H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, and alkaryl; R ² is selected from optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted heteroarylene, ketone, and ester; or R ¹ and R can be linked together to form a ring ^{; D} and D ^are each independently selected from optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl; When substituted, the substituents are each independently one or more groups selected from the following groups: C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkenyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkynyl, C ₃ -C ₇ cycloalkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, haloalkyl, CN, -SO ₂ -alkyl, -CF ₃ , -OCF ₃ ) , geminally linked cycloalkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ heteroalkyl, C ₃ -C ₁₀ heterocycloalkyl (optionally with halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, CN, -SO ₂ -alkyl , -CF ₃ , -OCF ₃ substituted), aryl (optionally substituted with halogen, alkyl, aryl (optionally substituted with C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl), aralkyl, alkoxy, Aryloxy, carboxyl, amino, imido, amido (carbamoyl), optionally substituted cyclic imido, cyclic amido, CN, -NH-C(=O)-alkyl, – CF ₃ , —OCF substituted), aralkyl (optionally substituted with halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, carboxyl, CN, —SO ₂ -alkyl, —CF ₃ , _{—OCF 3} ), heteroaryl (optionally substituted with halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, carboxyl, CN, —SO ₂ -alkyl, —CF ₃ , —OCF ₃ ), halo, cyano, hydroxy, optionally substituted cyclic imido, amino, imido, amido, -CF ₃ , C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, aryloxy, acyloxy, Mercapto, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkylthio, arylthio, mono- and di-(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino, quaternary ammonium salt, amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino, amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthio, cyanoamino, nitro, carbamoyl, keto (oxygen) group, Carbonyl, carboxyl, glycolyl, glycyl, hydrazino, amidino, sulfamoyl, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, thiocarbonyl, thiocarboxy, sulfonamide, ester, C-amide, N-amide, N-urethanes, O-urethanes, ureas, and combinations thereof. 2. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, said D ¹ and D ² are substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups. 3. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, said D ¹ and D ² are phenyl substituted by C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, phenyl substituted by C ₁ -C ₆ alkenyl, or phenyl substituted by C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy substituted phenyl. 4. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, said A ^O are each independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted heteroalkyl, any Optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl. 5. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, said A ^O are each independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl. 6. The encapsulation structure according to claim 2, said A ^O are each independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl. 7. The encapsulation structure according to claim 3, said A ^O are each independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl. 8. The encapsulation structure according to claim 1, said A ⁰ are each independently selected from optionally substituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl, optionally substituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkenyl, any Optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl. 9. The encapsulation structure according to claim 2, said A ⁰ are each independently selected from optionally substituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl, optionally substituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkenyl, any Optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl. 10. The encapsulation structure according to claim 3, said A ⁰ are each independently selected from optionally substituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl, optionally substituted C ₁ -C ₈ alkenyl, any Optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl. 11. The encapsulation structure of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the encapsulation structure comprises two or more chromophores. 12. The package structure of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the optically transparent polymer matrix comprises one or more polymers. 13. The packaging structure according to claim 12, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetra Vinyl fluoride, polyimide, amorphous polycarbonate, polystyrene, silicone sol-gel, polyurethane, polyacrylate, and combinations thereof. 14. The package structure of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the polymer matrix has a refractive index of 1.4 to 1.7. 15. The encapsulation structure of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the chromophore is present in the polymer matrix in an amount of 0.01 wt% to 3 wt%. 16. The packaging structure of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the composition of light emitting wavelength conversion material further comprises one or more plasticizers. 17. The package structure of claim 16, wherein the plasticizer is selected from N-alkylcarbazole derivatives and triphenylamine derivatives. 18. The encapsulation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the luminescent wavelength conversion material further comprises a UV stabilizer, an antioxidant and/or an absorber. 19. The package structure of any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising one or more glass sheets, reflective backsheets, edge sealing tapes, bezel materials, polymer encapsulation materials, or additional layers Adheres to the adhesive layer of the system. 20. The encapsulation structure of any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising an additional polymer layer comprising a UV absorber. 21. The packaging structure for a solar energy conversion device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising: an environmental protection cover configured to inhibit the penetration of moisture and oxygen into the luminescent wavelength conversion material and the solar energy conversion device; and Wherein the luminescence wavelength conversion material and the environmental protection cover are configured to encapsulate the solar energy conversion device such that light must pass through the luminescence wavelength conversion material and the environmental protection cover before reaching the solar energy conversion device. 22. The package structure of claim 21, wherein the environmental protection cover comprises a glass layer or a plastic layer. 23. The package structure of claim 21, further comprising a sealing tape positioned around the solar energy conversion device. 24. A method of improving the performance of a solar energy conversion device comprising encapsulating the solar energy conversion device with the encapsulation structure of any one of claims 1-10. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the solar energy conversion device comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of III-V or II-VIPN junction devices, copper-indium-gallium-selenium (CIGS) thin-film devices, organic sensitizers devices, organic thin film devices, cadmium sulfide/cadmium telluride (CdS/CdTe) thin film devices, amorphous silicon solar cells, microcrystalline silicon solar cells, and devices for crystalline silicon solar cells.