CN105039833B - Ferrovanadium chromium antifriction alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ferrovanadium chromium antifriction alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910000628 Ferrovanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- OTILYRUTOZUYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Cr].[V] Chemical compound [Fe].[Cr].[V] OTILYRUTOZUYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 ferrovanadium nitride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- NCJRLCWABWKAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ca].[Ba] Chemical compound [Si].[Ca].[Ba] NCJRLCWABWKAGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- SKKMWRVAJNPLFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynevanadium Chemical compound [V]#N SKKMWRVAJNPLFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Fe] IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000592 Ferroniobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001417490 Sillaginidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZFGFKQDDQUAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron niobium Chemical compound [Fe].[Fe].[Nb] ZFGFKQDDQUAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明公开了一种耐磨合金及其制备方法，特别涉及含铁-钒-铬的耐磨合金及其制备方法，属于耐磨材料制备领域。The invention discloses a wear-resistant alloy and a preparation method thereof, in particular to an iron-vanadium-chromium-containing wear-resistant alloy and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of preparation of wear-resistant materials.
背景技术Background technique
高铬铸铁是一种优异的耐磨材料，其耐磨性好的主要原因是其基体组织中含有高硬度的M7C3型碳化物。但是，高铬铸铁也存在脆性大以及在抵抗硬磨料磨损工矿下耐磨性略显不足等劣势，为了提高高铬铸铁耐磨性，中国发明专利CN104651705公开了一种过共晶耐磨高铬铸铁及其制备方法，采用感应电炉熔炼废钢、增碳剂、铬铁、铌铁、钒铁、硅铁、锰铁、硼铁、金属铝等炉料，得到过共晶高铬铸铁铁水，铁水出炉过程中，随铁水流加入颗粒尺寸为8～15mm的钒铁颗粒、钛铁颗粒和硅铁颗粒，加入量分别为进入浇包内铁水质量分数的1.2～1.5％、0.8～1.0％和0.6～0.8％。中国发明专利CN 104357735还公开了高铬铸铁以重量百分比计的化学成分包括：C：2.3～2.7﹪，Cr：14～16﹪，Mo：0.4～0.6﹪，Ni：0.3～0.5﹪，Cu：0.3～0.5﹪，Si：0.8～1.3﹪，Mn：0.6～1.0﹪，S≤0.04﹪，P≤0.04﹪；其余为Fe。高铬铸铁制备方法包括在熔炼炉内熔炼形成合金液经脱氧处理后，加入占合金液总重量0.3～0.6﹪的复合孕育剂和0.1～0.2﹪的复合变质剂，进行第一次孕育变质处理，并将合金液倾倒加入浇包内进行第二次孕育变质处理，浇包内预置有占合金液总重量0.2～0.4﹪的复合孕育剂和0.3～0.6﹪的复合变质剂，复合孕育剂为Ti-V-CaO-BaCO3-Zn复合孕育剂，复合变质剂为稀土硅铁合金变质剂。此制备方法能提高孕育变质组织的抗衰退能力，以使高铬铸铁具有较佳的抗弯强度和耐磨性能。中国发明专利CN 104195420还公开了一种高铬铸铁耐磨材料及热处理方法，以铁为主要原料，并配以碳、硅、锰、硫、磷、铬、钼、镍、铜为辅助原料，配制后熔炼铸造而成，其特征在于，熔液中各化学成分重量百分数具体为：C2.9-3.1％，Si0.5-0.8％，Mn0.8-1.0％，S0.02-0.05％，P0.02-0.05％，Cr19-21％，Mo1.7-1.9％，Ni0.5-0.7％，Cu0.2-0.5％，余量为Fe。中国发明专利CN 104131219还公开了一种高铬铸铁铸件，由如下成分及其质量百分比组成：C：3.05-3.1％、Mn：0.76-0.8％、Si：0.6-0.7％、Cr：10.6-11％、B：1.2-1.4％、Cu：0.08-0.1％、V：1.2-1.4％、Ni：0.06-0.08％、P：≤0.02％、S：≤0.02％，余量为Fe。该发明通过合理改善高铬铸铁铸件的各成分配比，通过合理的熔炼、浇铸、热处理等加工工艺，提高了铸件的强度、韧性、耐磨性，通过浇铸时间、砂型温度的控制，防止缩松、缩孔的产生，也提高了铸件的韧性和耐磨性，抗拉强度为480-500MPa。High chromium cast iron is an excellent wear-resistant material. The main reason for its good wear resistance is that its matrix structure contains high-hardness M 7 C 3 carbides. However, high chromium cast iron also has disadvantages such as high brittleness and slightly insufficient wear resistance under hard abrasive wear in industrial and mining environments. In order to improve the wear resistance of high chromium cast iron, Chinese invention patent CN104651705 discloses a hypereutectic wear-resistant high chromium Cast iron and its preparation method, using an induction furnace to smelt scrap steel, recarburizer, ferrochrome, ferroniobium, ferrovanadium, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferroboron, metal aluminum and other furnace materials to obtain hypereutectic high-chromium cast iron molten iron, and the molten iron is released from the furnace During the process, ferrovanadium particles, ferrosilicon particles and ferrosilicon particles with a particle size of 8-15mm are added along with the molten iron flow, and the addition amounts are 1.2-1.5%, 0.8-1.0% and 0.6-1.5% of the mass fraction of the molten iron entering the ladle, respectively. 0.8%. Chinese invention patent CN 104357735 also discloses that the chemical composition of high chromium cast iron includes: C: 2.3-2.7%, Cr: 14-16%, Mo: 0.4-0.6%, Ni: 0.3-0.5%, Cu: 0.3～0.5﹪, Si: 0.8～1.3﹪, Mn: 0.6～1.0﹪, S≤0.04﹪, P≤0.04﹪; the rest is Fe. The preparation method of high chromium cast iron includes smelting in a smelting furnace to form an alloy liquid, after deoxidation treatment, adding a composite inoculant accounting for 0.3-0.6% of the total weight of the alloy liquid and a composite modifier of 0.1-0.2% for the first inoculation modification , and pour the alloy liquid into the ladle for the second inoculation and modification treatment. The ladle is preset with a composite inoculant accounting for 0.2 to 0.4% of the total weight of the alloy liquid and a composite modifier of 0.3 to 0.6%. The composite inoculant It is a Ti-V-CaO-BaCO 3 -Zn composite inoculant, and the composite modifier is a rare earth ferrosilicon alloy modifier. The preparation method can improve the anti-recession ability of the inoculated metamorphic structure, so that the high-chromium cast iron has better bending strength and wear resistance. Chinese invention patent CN 104195420 also discloses a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant material and heat treatment method, which uses iron as the main raw material and carbon, silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, and copper as auxiliary raw materials. It is made by melting and casting after preparation, and it is characterized in that the weight percentage of each chemical component in the melt is specifically: C2.9-3.1%, Si0.5-0.8%, Mn0.8-1.0%, S0.02-0.05%, P0.02-0.05%, Cr19-21%, Mo1.7-1.9%, Ni0.5-0.7%, Cu0.2-0.5%, and the balance is Fe. Chinese invention patent CN 104131219 also discloses a high-chromium cast iron casting, which consists of the following components and their mass percentages: C: 3.05-3.1%, Mn: 0.76-0.8%, Si: 0.6-0.7%, Cr: 10.6-11 %, B: 1.2-1.4%, Cu: 0.08-0.1%, V: 1.2-1.4%, Ni: 0.06-0.08%, P: ≤0.02%, S: ≤0.02%, and the balance is Fe. The invention improves the strength, toughness and wear resistance of castings by rationally improving the ratio of components of high-chromium cast iron castings, and through reasonable smelting, casting, heat treatment and other processing techniques, and prevents shrinkage by controlling casting time and sand mold temperature. The generation of porosity and shrinkage cavity also improves the toughness and wear resistance of the casting, and the tensile strength is 480-500MPa.
中国发明专利CN 104131218还公开了一种特高铬铸铁，各成分及重量百分比为：C：2.9—3.0％、Cr：26—27％、Mn：0.8—0.9％、Si：1.05—1.2％、Cu：0.8—0.9％、Ni：0.8—0.9％、B：0.003—0.004％、Ti：0.01—0.02％、Re：0.025—0.035％、S：≤0.045％、P：≤0.055％；余量为Fe。该发明高铬铸铁通过合理配方设计、熔炼、变质、浇注、脱氧等加工工艺，让高铬铸铁具有良好的耐磨性、硬度、强度、耐腐蚀性、韧性，通过浇注时间、砂型温度的控制，有效的防止缩松、缩孔的产生，也提高了高铬铸铁的韧性和耐磨性，表面硬度60—63HRC，冲击值≥7J/cm2。中国发明专利CN 103898393还公开了一种高铬铸铁型耐磨合金制造工艺，合金中合金元素的含量在如下范围内：铬20～40％、碳4～7％、钛1～4％、钼1～4％、锰0.5％、硅1％、镍1％，所述熔炼工艺包括：步骤1、当熔炼钢液升温1500℃时，分别加入元素：碳、钼铁、镍、钛铁、铬铁，然后继续升温；步骤2、当熔炼钢液升温至1579-1580℃时，加入硅铁；步骤3、当熔炼钢液升温，加入锰铁；步骤4、断电出钢液浇注。该发明克服了现有技术的不足，工艺简单、成本低、强韧性高、淬透性与淬硬性好且无污染。中国发明专利CN103266261还公开了一种高铬铸铁研磨体及其制备方法，所述研磨体按重量百分比的化学成分为：C：2.5～2.8％、Si≤0.5％、Mn：0.15～0.25％、Mo：0～2.5％、Cr：15～20％、Al：0.01～0.8％、Ni：0.05～0.10％、Re：0.1～0.2％、P≤0.05％、S≤0.05％，余量为Fe，该发明的主要特点是采用铸造磨球材质配方与热处理工艺科学的有效结合得到的纳米研磨材料硬度HRC≥65、破碎率≤0.3％，浇口中心与球心HRC差≤1.5，解决了耐磨材料铸造磨球行业研发中存在的铸造磨球硬度低，韧性差，耐腐蚀性弱，致密度低等技术难题。中国发明专利CN102220541还公开了一种含有SiC粉体的高铬铸铁、该铸铁的制备方法和用该种铸铁材料制造耐磨铸件的方法，采用的技术方案是：一种含SiC粉体的高铬铸铁，其特征在于：所述SiC粉体为99.9％SiC，平均粒度为20－40纳米，SiC粉体占所述高铬铸铁总重量的3－6％，所述高铬铸铁还包括3.1－3.9％C，18－22％Cr，0.5－1.0％Si，0.6－1.6％Mo，0.6－1.2％Mn，0.1－0.4％Ni，0.04－0.09％V，0.011－0.031％S，0.018－0.030％P。有益效果在于：1)SiC粉体大大提高铸件的耐磨性。2)利用SiC粉体来增强高铬铸铁材料，可形成耐高冲击摩擦磨损的高铬铸铁耐磨抛丸器叶片。因此，利用SiC纳米粉体既可以改变高铬铸铁晶体生长形貌，改变马氏体的生长形态，大大提高材料的硬度；又可以提高材料高温下的摩擦磨损性能，明显起到抵抗高温摩擦磨损的作用。中国发明专利CN102212740还公开了含VN、TiN粉体高铬铸铁、该铸铁制备方法和耐磨件，采用的技术方案是：一种含VN、TiN粉体高铬铸铁，其特征在于：所述VN、TiN粉体是纯度为99.5％的VN和纯度为99.3％的TiN，所述粉体占高铬铸铁重量百分数是2－4％的VN和2－4％的TiN，所述高铬铸铁还包括3.1－3.9％C，18－22％Cr，0.5－1.0％Si，0.6－1.6％Mo，0.6－1.2％Mn，0.1－0.4％Ni，0.04－0.09％V，0.011－0.031％S，0.018－0.030％P、余量为铁的基体材料。有益效果在于：该发明的有益效果在于：VN和TiN粉体可作为高铬铸铁金属液基体和碳化物凝固的形核核心，大大提高铸件的耐磨性；利用VN和TiN粉体来增强高铬铸铁材料，可形成耐高冲击摩擦磨损高铬铸铁耐磨抛丸器叶片；VN和TiN粉体采用炉内加入法，一方面加入的纳米颗粒起到了强化作用，另一方面在炉内加入的是氩气，保护了金属液。Chinese invention patent CN 104131218 also discloses a super-high chromium cast iron, the components and weight percentages are: C: 2.9-3.0%, Cr: 26-27%, Mn: 0.8-0.9%, Si: 1.05-1.2%, Cu: 0.8-0.9%, Ni: 0.8-0.9%, B: 0.003-0.004%, Ti: 0.01-0.02%, Re: 0.025-0.035%, S: ≤0.045%, P: ≤0.055%; the balance is Fe. The invention of high chromium cast iron through reasonable formula design, smelting, metamorphism, pouring, deoxidation and other processing techniques, so that high chromium cast iron has good wear resistance, hardness, strength, corrosion resistance, toughness, through the control of pouring time and sand mold temperature , Effectively prevent shrinkage porosity and shrinkage cavity, and also improve the toughness and wear resistance of high-chromium cast iron, the surface hardness is 60-63HRC, and the impact value is ≥7J/cm 2 . Chinese invention patent CN 103898393 also discloses a high-chromium cast iron type wear-resistant alloy manufacturing process, the content of alloy elements in the alloy is in the following range: chromium 20-40%, carbon 4-7%, titanium 1-4%, molybdenum 1% to 4%, 0.5% manganese, 1% silicon, and 1% nickel. The smelting process includes: Step 1. When the molten steel temperature rises to 1500°C, add elements: carbon, ferromolybdenum, nickel, ferrotitanium, chromium Iron, and then continue to heat up; step 2, when the molten steel temperature rises to 1579-1580 ° C, add ferrosilicon; step 3, when the molten steel temperature rises, add ferromanganese; step 4, power off and pour the molten steel. The invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art, and has simple process, low cost, high strength and toughness, good hardenability and hardenability, and no pollution. Chinese invention patent CN103266261 also discloses a high-chromium cast iron grinding body and its preparation method. The chemical composition of the grinding body by weight percentage is: C: 2.5-2.8%, Si≤0.5%, Mn: 0.15-0.25%, Mo: 0～2.5%, Cr: 15～20%, Al: 0.01～0.8%, Ni: 0.05～0.10%, Re: 0.1～0.2%, P≤0.05%, S≤0.05%, the balance is Fe, The main feature of the invention is that the hardness of the nano-abrasive material obtained by combining the material formula of the cast grinding ball with the scientific heat treatment process is HRC≥65, the breakage rate is ≤0.3%, and the HRC difference between the center of the gate and the center of the ball is ≤1.5, which solves the problem of wear resistance In the research and development of material casting grinding ball industry, there are technical problems such as low hardness, poor toughness, weak corrosion resistance and low density of casting grinding balls. Chinese invention patent CN102220541 also discloses a high-chromium cast iron containing SiC powder, a preparation method of the cast iron, and a method for manufacturing wear-resistant castings with this cast iron material. The technical solution adopted is: a high-chromium cast iron containing SiC powder The chromium cast iron is characterized in that: the SiC powder is 99.9% SiC, the average particle size is 20-40 nanometers, the SiC powder accounts for 3-6% of the total weight of the high-chromium cast iron, and the high-chromium cast iron also includes 3.1 -3.9% C, 18-22% Cr, 0.5-1.0% Si, 0.6-1.6% Mo, 0.6-1.2% Mn, 0.1-0.4% Ni, 0.04-0.09% V, 0.011-0.031% S, 0.018-0.030 %P. The beneficial effects are as follows: 1) The SiC powder greatly improves the wear resistance of the casting. 2) Using SiC powder to strengthen the high-chromium cast iron material can form high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant shot blaster blades that are resistant to high impact, friction and wear. Therefore, the use of SiC nano-powder can not only change the crystal growth morphology of high-chromium cast iron, change the growth form of martensite, and greatly improve the hardness of the material; role. Chinese invention patent CN102212740 also discloses high-chromium cast iron containing VN and TiN powder, the preparation method of the cast iron and wear-resistant parts. The technical solution adopted is: a high-chromium cast iron containing VN and TiN powder, which is characterized in that: VN and TiN powders are VN with a purity of 99.5% and TiN with a purity of 99.3%. The powders account for 2-4% of VN and 2-4% of TiN in the weight percentage of high-chromium cast iron. The high-chromium cast iron Also includes 3.1-3.9% C, 18-22% Cr, 0.5-1.0% Si, 0.6-1.6% Mo, 0.6-1.2% Mn, 0.1-0.4% Ni, 0.04-0.09% V, 0.011-0.031% S, 0.018-0.030% P, the balance is the base material of iron. The beneficial effect is: the beneficial effect of the invention is that: the VN and TiN powder can be used as the nucleation core of the high chromium cast iron liquid metal matrix and carbide solidification, greatly improving the wear resistance of the casting; using the VN and TiN powder to enhance the high Chromium cast iron material can form high-impact, friction and wear-resistant high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant shot blaster blades; VN and TiN powders are added in the furnace. On the one hand, the added nanoparticles play a strengthening role; What is used is argon, which protects the molten metal.
但是，上述高铬铸铁中碳化物主要是M7C3型碳化物，呈粗大板块状分布于基体中，降低材料强韧性，此外，M7C3型碳化物硬度只有1400～1800HV，在高应力磨料磨损工矿下，仍表现出硬度低和耐磨性差等不足。尽管通过添加SiC粉体、VN、TiN粉体可改善高铬铸铁耐磨性，但这些粉体密度低，在高铬铸铁熔液中分布不均匀，易浮在金属铁液表面，导致高铬铸铁性能波动太大，耐磨性差。However, the carbides in the above-mentioned high-chromium cast iron are mainly M 7 C 3 carbides, which are distributed in the matrix in the form of thick plates, which reduces the strength and toughness of the material. In addition, the hardness of M 7 C 3 carbides is only 1400-1800HV. Under stress abrasive wear in industrial and mining, it still shows shortcomings such as low hardness and poor wear resistance. Although the wear resistance of high-chromium cast iron can be improved by adding SiC powder, VN, and TiN powder, these powders have low density and uneven distribution in the high-chromium cast iron melt, and are easy to float on the surface of molten iron, resulting in high chromium The performance of cast iron fluctuates too much and its wear resistance is poor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明为解决现有技术问题，利用碳与钒可生成颗粒状，且硬度高达2600～2800HV的VC来改进高铬铸铁耐磨性。此外，钒还有细化M7C3型碳化物的能力，在提高高铬铸铁硬度和耐磨性的前提下，还有望提高高铬铸铁强度和韧性。In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention utilizes carbon and vanadium to form granular VC with a hardness as high as 2600-2800HV to improve the wear resistance of high-chromium cast iron. In addition, vanadium also has the ability to refine M 7 C 3 carbides. On the premise of improving the hardness and wear resistance of high-chromium cast iron, it is also expected to improve the strength and toughness of high-chromium cast iron.
本发明目的可以通过以下技术工艺措施来实现。The object of the present invention can be realized through the following technological process measures.
铁-钒-铬耐磨合金的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
①首先在电炉中熔炼中铬铸铁铁水，中铬铸铁铁水的化学组成及质量分数是3.8-4.0％C,8.5-9.0％Cr,2.1-2.4％Mn,1.0-1.2％Ni,0.8-1.0％Mo,1.6-1.8％Nb,0.5-0.8％Si,0.035-0.065％Al,<0.04％S,<0.04％P,余量Fe,当中铬铸铁铁水温度升至1620-1645℃时，加入尺寸为30-45mm且在真空加热电炉中加热至1100-1150℃并保温2.0-3.5小时的钒铁颗粒，钒铁颗粒加入量占炉内中铬铸铁铁水质量分数的10-12％，钒铁颗粒加入炉内4-6分钟后，加入占炉内金属熔液质量分数0.35-0.50％的硅钡钙合金，当金属熔液温度达到1580-1605℃时，将上述金属熔液出炉到浇包，并在金属熔液出炉过程中，随金属熔液流加入尺寸为18-25mm的钒铁颗粒，钒铁颗粒加入量占进入浇包内金属熔液质量分数的0.8-1.0％；①Smelting medium chromium cast iron molten iron in an electric furnace first, the chemical composition and mass fraction of medium chromium cast iron molten iron are 3.8-4.0% C, 8.5-9.0% Cr, 2.1-2.4% Mn, 1.0-1.2% Ni, 0.8-1.0% Mo, 1.6-1.8% Nb, 0.5-0.8% Si, 0.035-0.065% Al, <0.04% S, <0.04% P, the balance Fe, when the temperature of the middle chromium cast iron molten iron rises to 1620-1645 ℃, the added size is 30-45mm ferrovanadium particles heated to 1100-1150°C in a vacuum heating electric furnace and kept warm for 2.0-3.5 hours. After 4-6 minutes in the furnace, add silicon-barium-calcium alloy accounting for 0.35-0.50% of the mass fraction of the molten metal in the furnace. When the temperature of the molten metal reaches 1580-1605°C, the above-mentioned molten metal is taken out of the furnace into a ladle, and In the process of molten metal coming out of the furnace, ferrovanadium particles with a size of 18-25 mm are added along with the molten metal flow, and the amount of ferrovanadium particles added accounts for 0.8-1.0% of the mass fraction of the molten metal entering the ladle;
②将浇包内的金属熔液扒渣，当温度降至1430-1455℃，将金属熔液浇入铸型，金属熔液浇注过程中，随金属熔液流加入颗粒尺寸3-6mm的氮化钒铁和钛铁，氮化钒铁颗粒和钛铁颗粒加入量分别占进入铸型内金属熔液质量分数的0.15-0.25％和0.10-0.18％，铸件浇注完毕2-4小时后，开箱取出铸件，经打磨清砂后，入炉加热至180-210℃，保温18-20小时后出炉空冷至室温，即可获得铁-钒-铬耐磨合金。② Remove slag from the molten metal in the ladle. When the temperature drops to 1430-1455°C, pour the molten metal into the mold. During the pouring of the molten metal, add nitrogen with a particle size of 3-6mm along with the molten metal flow Ferrovanadium and ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium nitride particles and ferrotitanium particles account for 0.15-0.25% and 0.10-0.18% of the mass fraction of the molten metal entering the mold, respectively. After 2-4 hours after the casting is poured, start The castings are taken out of the box, polished and sand-cleaned, put into the furnace and heated to 180-210°C, kept warm for 18-20 hours, and then air-cooled to room temperature to obtain the iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy.
如上所述钒铁的化学成分及质量分数为:78.0-83.0％V,<2.0％Si,<1.5％Al,<0.06％C,<0.05％S,<0.05％P,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质。As mentioned above, the chemical composition and mass fraction of vanadium iron are: 78.0-83.0% V, <2.0% Si, <1.5% Al, <0.06% C, <0.05% S, <0.05% P, and the balance is Fe and not Avoid impurities.
如上所述硅钡钙合金的化学成分及质量分数为:65.0-70.0％Si,1.5-3.0％Ca,4.5-6.0％Ba,C<0.20％,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质。As mentioned above, the chemical composition and mass fraction of the silicon-barium-calcium alloy are: 65.0-70.0% Si, 1.5-3.0% Ca, 4.5-6.0% Ba, C<0.20%, and the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
如上所述钛铁的化学成分及质量分数为：38-42％Ti,<5.0％Al,<2.5％Si,<0.02％P,<0.20％Cu,<0.10％C,<0.02％S,<2.5％Mn,余量Fe。As mentioned above, the chemical composition and mass fraction of ferro-titanium are: 38-42% Ti, <5.0% Al, <2.5% Si, <0.02% P, <0.20% Cu, <0.10% C, <0.02% S, < 2.5% Mn, balance Fe.
如上所述氮化钒铁的化学成分及质量分数为：53-58％V,10-12％N,<0.6％C,<2.5％Si,<0.08％P,<0.05％S,<2.0％Al,余量Fe。As mentioned above, the chemical composition and mass fraction of ferrovanadium nitride are: 53-58% V, 10-12% N, <0.6% C, <2.5% Si, <0.08% P, <0.05% S, <2.0% Al, balance Fe.
本发明首先在电炉中熔炼中铬铸铁铁水，中铬铸铁铁水的化学组成及质量分数是3.8-4.0％C,8.5-9.0％Cr,2.1-2.4％Mn,1.0-1.2％Ni,0.8-1.0％Mo,1.6-1.8％Nb,0.5-0.8％Si,0.035-0.065％Al,<0.04％S,<0.04％P,余量Fe。然后将中铬铸铁铁水温度升至1620-1645℃时，加入尺寸为30-45mm且在真空加热炉中加热至1100-1150℃并保温2.0-3.5小时的钒铁颗粒，钒铁颗粒加入量占炉内中铬铸铁铁水质量分数的10-12％，这样可确保钒元素的充分吸收，并大幅度减少钒元素的烧损，提高钒元素收得率。钒铁颗粒加入炉内4-6分钟后，加入占炉内金属熔液质量分数0.35-0.50％的硅钡钙合金，当金属熔液温度达到1580-1605℃时，将上述金属熔液出炉到浇包。并在金属熔液出炉过程中，随金属熔液流加入尺寸为18-25mm的钒铁颗粒，钒铁颗粒加入量占进入浇包内金属熔液质量分数的0.8-1.0％，采用钒铁颗粒对金属熔液进行随流孕育处理，可以细化凝固组织，提高铁-钒-铬耐磨合金的综合性能。在此基础上，将浇包内的金属熔液扒渣，当温度降至1430-1455℃，将金属熔液浇入铸型，金属熔液浇注过程中，随金属熔液流加入颗粒尺寸3-6mm的氮化钒铁和钛铁，氮化钒铁颗粒和钛铁颗粒加入量分别占进入铸型内金属熔液质量分数的0.15-0.25％和0.10-0.18％，这样可以进一步细化凝固组织，并促使VC实现团球状均匀分布，大幅度提高铁-钒-铬耐磨合金力学性能和耐磨性。铸件浇注完毕2-4小时后，开箱取出铸件，经打磨清砂后，入炉加热至180-210℃，保温18-20小时后出炉空冷至室温，实现去除铸造应力，获得高性能的铁-钒-铬耐磨合金。The present invention first smelts medium chromium cast iron molten iron in an electric furnace, the chemical composition and mass fraction of medium chromium cast iron molten iron are 3.8-4.0%C, 8.5-9.0%Cr, 2.1-2.4%Mn, 1.0-1.2%Ni, 0.8-1.0 %Mo, 1.6-1.8% Nb, 0.5-0.8% Si, 0.035-0.065% Al, <0.04% S, <0.04% P, balance Fe. Then, when the temperature of the medium chromium cast iron molten iron is raised to 1620-1645°C, add ferrovanadium particles with a size of 30-45mm, which are heated to 1100-1150°C in a vacuum heating furnace and kept warm for 2.0-3.5 hours. The mass fraction of the chromium cast iron molten iron in the furnace is 10-12%, which can ensure the full absorption of the vanadium element, greatly reduce the burning loss of the vanadium element, and increase the yield of the vanadium element. After 4-6 minutes of adding ferrovanadium particles into the furnace, add silicon-barium-calcium alloy accounting for 0.35-0.50% of the mass fraction of the molten metal in the furnace. When the temperature of the molten metal reaches 1580-1605°C, the above molten metal is taken out ladle. And in the process of molten metal coming out of the furnace, ferrovanadium particles with a size of 18-25mm are added along with the molten metal flow, and the amount of ferrovanadium particles added accounts for 0.8-1.0% of the mass fraction of molten metal entering the ladle. Inoculating the molten metal with flow can refine the solidification structure and improve the comprehensive performance of the iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy. On this basis, slag is removed from the molten metal in the ladle, and when the temperature drops to 1430-1455°C, the molten metal is poured into the mold. During the casting of the molten metal, particles of size 3 are added along with the molten metal flow -6mm ferrovanadium nitride and ferrotitanium, the amount of ferrovanadium nitride particles and ferrotitanium particles accounted for 0.15-0.25% and 0.10-0.18% of the mass fraction of the molten metal entering the mold, so that the solidification can be further refined Organization, and promote VC to realize the uniform distribution of balls, greatly improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance of iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy. 2-4 hours after the casting is poured, the casting is taken out of the box. After being polished and sand-cleaned, it is heated in the furnace to 180-210°C, kept warm for 18-20 hours, and then air-cooled to room temperature to remove casting stress and obtain high-performance iron. - Vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy.
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1)本发明材料因钒铬的同时加入，在铸态下获得马氏体基体，铸态硬度达到66-68HRC，铸态下低温回火就可以应用，省去了复杂的高温热处理工艺，大幅度缩短生产周期，节约能源；1) Due to the simultaneous addition of vanadium and chromium, the material of the present invention obtains a martensitic matrix in the as-cast state, and the as-cast hardness reaches 66-68HRC, and can be applied after low-temperature tempering in the as-cast state, which saves complicated high-temperature heat treatment processes and greatly Significantly shorten the production cycle and save energy;
2)本发明材料中含有大量高硬度的VC，具有优异的耐磨性能，在高应力磨料磨损条件下，耐磨性比高铬铸铁提高2倍以上。2) The material of the present invention contains a large amount of high-hardness VC, which has excellent wear resistance. Under the condition of high-stress abrasive wear, the wear resistance is more than 2 times higher than that of high-chromium cast iron.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1本发明铁-钒-铬耐磨合金金相显微组织照片。Fig. 1 is the photograph of metallographic microstructure of iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步详述，但本发明并不限于以下实施例。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
实施例1：Example 1:
本发明材料采用500公斤中频感应电炉熔炼，具体制备工艺步骤是：The material of the present invention adopts 500 kilograms of intermediate frequency induction furnace melting, and concrete preparation process step is:
①首先在500公斤中频感应电炉中熔炼中铬铸铁铁水，中铬铸铁铁水的化学组成及质量分数是3.84％C,8.51％Cr,2.38％Mn,1.05％Ni,0.98％Mo,1.62％Nb,0.77％Si,0.041％Al,0.025％S,0.039％P,余量Fe,当中铬铸铁铁水温度升至1621℃时，加入尺寸为30-45mm且在真空加热电炉中加热至1150℃并保温2.0小时的钒铁(钒铁的化学成分及质量分数为:79.07％V,1.08％Si,0.75％Al,0.04％C,0.028％S,0.039％P,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质)颗粒，钒铁颗粒加入量占炉内中铬铸铁铁水质量分数的10％，钒铁颗粒加入炉内4分钟后，加入占炉内金属熔液质量分数0.50％的硅钡钙合金(硅钡钙合金的化学成分及质量分数为:65.39％Si,1.52％Ca,5.87％Ba,0.11％C,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质)，当金属熔液温度达到1584℃时，将上述金属熔液出炉到浇包，并在金属熔液出炉过程中，随金属熔液流加入尺寸为18-25mm的钒铁(钒铁的化学成分及质量分数为:79.07％V,1.08％Si,0.75％Al,0.04％C,0.028％S,0.039％P,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质)颗粒，钒铁颗粒加入量占进入浇包内金属熔液质量分数的1.0％；①Firstly, the medium chromium cast iron molten iron is smelted in a 500 kg medium frequency induction furnace. The chemical composition and mass fraction of the medium chromium cast iron molten iron are 3.84%C, 8.51%Cr, 2.38%Mn, 1.05%Ni, 0.98%Mo, 1.62%Nb, 0.77% Si, 0.041% Al, 0.025% S, 0.039% P, the balance Fe, when the temperature of the middle chromium cast iron molten iron rises to 1621°C, add a size of 30-45mm and heat it to 1150°C in a vacuum heating furnace and keep it warm for 2.0 hours of ferrovanadium (the chemical composition and mass fraction of vanadium iron are: 79.07% V, 1.08% Si, 0.75% Al, 0.04% C, 0.028% S, 0.039% P, the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities) particles, The ferrovanadium particle addition accounted for 10% of the chromium cast iron molten iron mass fraction in the furnace, and after the ferrovanadium particle was added in the furnace for 4 minutes, added silicon-barium-calcium alloy (silicon-barium-calcium alloy) accounting for 0.50% of the molten metal massfraction in the furnace The chemical composition and mass fraction are: 65.39% Si, 1.52% Ca, 5.87% Ba, 0.11% C, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities). ladle, and in the process of molten metal coming out of the furnace, add ferrovanadium with a size of 18-25mm (the chemical composition and mass fraction of ferrovanadium are: 79.07% V, 1.08% Si, 0.75% Al, 0.04 %C, 0.028%S, 0.039%P, the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities) particles, the amount of ferrovanadium particles accounts for 1.0% of the mass fraction of the molten metal entering the ladle;
②将浇包内的金属熔液扒渣，当温度降至1433℃，将金属熔液浇入铸型，金属熔液浇注过程中，随金属熔液流加入颗粒尺寸3-6mm的氮化钒铁(氮化钒铁的化学成分及质量分数为：54.89％V,10.27％N,0.38％C,1.68％Si,0.049％P,0.026％S,1.15％Al,余量Fe)和钛铁(钛铁的化学成分及质量分数为：39.04％Ti,2.81％Al,1.36％Si,0.011％P,0.09％Cu,0.06％C,0.008％S,1.52％Mn,余量Fe)，氮化钒铁颗粒和钛铁颗粒加入量分别占进入铸型内金属熔液质量分数的0.15％和0.18％，铸件浇注完毕4小时后，开箱取出铸件，经打磨清砂后，入炉加热至210℃，保温18小时后出炉空冷至室温，即可获得铁-钒-铬耐磨合金，其力学性能见表1。② Remove slag from the molten metal in the ladle. When the temperature drops to 1433°C, pour the molten metal into the mold. During the pouring of the molten metal, add vanadium nitride with a particle size of 3-6mm along with the molten metal flow Iron (the chemical composition and mass fraction of ferrovanadium nitride are: 54.89% V, 10.27% N, 0.38% C, 1.68% Si, 0.049% P, 0.026% S, 1.15% Al, the balance Fe) and titanium iron ( The chemical composition and mass fraction of ferro-titanium are: 39.04% Ti, 2.81% Al, 1.36% Si, 0.011% P, 0.09% Cu, 0.06% C, 0.008% S, 1.52% Mn, balance Fe), vanadium nitride The amount of iron particles and ferro-titanium particles accounted for 0.15% and 0.18% of the mass fraction of the molten metal entering the mold respectively. Four hours after the casting was poured, the casting was taken out of the box, polished and sand-cleaned, and heated to 210°C in the furnace , after 18 hours of heat preservation, it was taken out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature in air, and the iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy can be obtained, and its mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.
实施例2：Example 2:
本发明材料采用750公斤中频感应电炉熔炼，具体制备工艺步骤是：The material of the present invention adopts 750 kilograms of intermediate frequency induction furnace melting, and concrete preparation process step is:
①首先在750公斤中频感应电炉中熔炼中铬铸铁铁水，中铬铸铁铁水的化学组成及质量分数是3.99％C,8.96％Cr,2.10％Mn,1.17％Ni,0.83％Mo,1.78％Nb,0.51％Si,0.064％Al,0.028％S,0.033％P,余量Fe,当中铬铸铁铁水温度升至1644℃时，加入尺寸为30-45mm且在真空加热电炉中加热至1100℃并保温3.5小时的钒铁(钒铁的化学成分及质量分数为:82.34％V,0.96％Si,0.83％Al,0.03％C,0.026％S,0.041％P,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质)颗粒，钒铁颗粒加入量占炉内中铬铸铁铁水质量分数的12％，钒铁颗粒加入炉内6分钟后，加入占炉内金属熔液质量分数0.35％的硅钡钙合金(硅钡钙合金的化学成分及质量分数为:69.62％Si,2.88％Ca,4.51％Ba,0.09％C,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质)，当金属熔液温度达到1602℃时，将上述金属熔液出炉到浇包，并在金属熔液出炉过程中，随金属熔液流加入尺寸为18-25mm的钒铁(钒铁的化学成分及质量分数为:82.34％V,0.96％Si,0.83％Al,0.03％C,0.026％S,0.041％P,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质)颗粒，钒铁颗粒加入量占进入浇包内金属熔液质量分数的0.8％；① Firstly, the medium chromium cast iron molten iron is smelted in a 750 kg medium frequency induction furnace. The chemical composition and mass fraction of the medium chromium cast iron molten iron are 3.99%C, 8.96%Cr, 2.10%Mn, 1.17%Ni, 0.83%Mo, 1.78%Nb, 0.51% Si, 0.064% Al, 0.028% S, 0.033% P, the balance Fe, when the temperature of the middle chromium cast iron molten iron rises to 1644°C, add a size of 30-45mm and heat it to 1100°C in a vacuum heating furnace and keep it warm for 3.5 hours of ferrovanadium (the chemical composition and mass fraction of vanadium iron are: 82.34% V, 0.96% Si, 0.83% Al, 0.03% C, 0.026% S, 0.041% P, the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities) particles, The ferrovanadium particle addition accounted for 12% of the chromium cast iron molten iron mass fraction in the furnace, and after the ferrovanadium particle was added in the furnace for 6 minutes, added silicon-barium-calcium alloy (silicon-barium-calcium alloy) accounting for 0.35% of the molten metal massfraction in the furnace The chemical composition and mass fraction are: 69.62% Si, 2.88% Ca, 4.51% Ba, 0.09% C, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities), when the temperature of the molten metal reaches 1602°C, the above molten metal is taken out of the furnace to ladle, and in the process of molten metal coming out of the furnace, add ferrovanadium with a size of 18-25mm (the chemical composition and mass fraction of ferrovanadium are: 82.34% V, 0.96% Si, 0.83% Al, 0.03 %C, 0.026%S, 0.041%P, the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities) particles, the amount of ferrovanadium particles accounted for 0.8% of the mass fraction of the molten metal entering the ladle;
②将浇包内的金属熔液扒渣，当温度降至1452℃，将金属熔液浇入铸型，金属熔液浇注过程中，随金属熔液流加入颗粒尺寸3-6mm的氮化钒铁(氮化钒铁的化学成分及质量分数为：57.63％V,11.82％N,0.41％C,2.06％Si,0.055％P,0.029％S,1.07％Al,余量Fe)和钛铁(钛铁的化学成分及质量分数为：41.38％Ti,4.09％Al,1.74％Si,0.017％P,0.12％Cu,0.052％C,0.009％S,1.26％Mn,余量Fe)，氮化钒铁颗粒和钛铁颗粒加入量分别占进入铸型内金属熔液质量分数的0.25％和0.10％，铸件浇注完毕2小时后，开箱取出铸件，经打磨清砂后，入炉加热至180℃，保温20小时后出炉空冷至室温，即可获得铁-钒-铬耐磨合金，其力学性能见表1。② Remove slag from the molten metal in the ladle. When the temperature drops to 1452°C, pour the molten metal into the mold. During the pouring of the molten metal, add vanadium nitride with a particle size of 3-6mm along with the molten metal flow Iron (the chemical composition and mass fraction of ferrovanadium nitride are: 57.63% V, 11.82% N, 0.41% C, 2.06% Si, 0.055% P, 0.029% S, 1.07% Al, the balance Fe) and titanium iron ( The chemical composition and mass fraction of ferro-titanium are: 41.38% Ti, 4.09% Al, 1.74% Si, 0.017% P, 0.12% Cu, 0.052% C, 0.009% S, 1.26% Mn, the balance Fe), vanadium nitride The amount of iron particles and ferro-titanium particles accounted for 0.25% and 0.10% of the mass fraction of the molten metal entering the mold respectively. Two hours after the casting was poured, the casting was taken out of the box, polished and sand-cleaned, and heated to 180°C in the furnace , after 20 hours of heat preservation, it was taken out of the furnace and air-cooled to room temperature to obtain an iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy, and its mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.
实施例3：Example 3:
本发明材料采用500公斤中频感应电炉熔炼，具体制备工艺步骤是：The material of the present invention adopts 500 kilograms of intermediate frequency induction furnace melting, and concrete preparation process step is:
①首先在500公斤中频感应电炉中熔炼中铬铸铁铁水，中铬铸铁铁水的化学组成及质量分数是3.95％C,8.72％Cr,2.26％Mn,1.13％Ni,0.94％Mo,1.70％Nb,0.68％Si,0.055％Al,0.016％S,0.029％P,余量Fe,当中铬铸铁铁水温度升至1634℃时，加入尺寸为30-45mm且在真空加热电炉中加热至1125℃并保温3.0小时的钒铁(钒铁的化学成分及质量分数为:81.20％V,1.12％Si,0.67％Al,0.04％C,0.029％S,0.038％P,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质)颗粒，钒铁颗粒加入量占炉内中铬铸铁铁水质量分数的11％，钒铁颗粒加入炉内5分钟后，加入占炉内金属熔液质量分数0.40％的硅钡钙合金(硅钡钙合金的化学成分及质量分数为:68.01％Si,1.97％Ca,5.26％Ba,0.14％C,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质)，当金属熔液温度达到1597℃时，将上述金属熔液出炉到浇包，并在金属熔液出炉过程中，随金属熔液流加入尺寸为18-25mm的钒铁(钒铁的化学成分及质量分数为:81.20％V,1.12％Si,0.67％Al,0.04％C,0.029％S,0.038％P,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质)颗粒，钒铁颗粒加入量占进入浇包内金属熔液质量分数的0.9％；①Firstly, the medium chromium cast iron molten iron is smelted in a 500 kg medium frequency induction furnace. The chemical composition and mass fraction of the medium chromium cast iron molten iron are 3.95%C, 8.72%Cr, 2.26%Mn, 1.13%Ni, 0.94%Mo, 1.70%Nb, 0.68% Si, 0.055% Al, 0.016% S, 0.029% P, the balance Fe, when the temperature of the middle chromium cast iron molten iron rises to 1634°C, add a size of 30-45mm and heat it to 1125°C in a vacuum heating furnace and keep it warm for 3.0 hours of ferrovanadium (the chemical composition and mass fraction of vanadium iron are: 81.20% V, 1.12% Si, 0.67% Al, 0.04% C, 0.029% S, 0.038% P, the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities) particles, The ferrovanadium particle addition accounted for 11% of the chromium cast iron molten iron mass fraction in the furnace, and after the ferrovanadium particle was added in the furnace for 5 minutes, added silicon-barium-calcium alloy (silicon-barium-calcium alloy) accounting for 0.40% of the molten metal massfraction in the furnace The chemical composition and mass fraction are: 68.01% Si, 1.97% Ca, 5.26% Ba, 0.14% C, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities). ladle, and in the process of molten metal coming out of the furnace, add ferrovanadium with a size of 18-25mm along with the molten metal flow (the chemical composition and mass fraction of ferrovanadium are: 81.20% V, 1.12% Si, 0.67% Al, 0.04 %C, 0.029%S, 0.038%P, the balance is Fe and unavoidable impurities) particles, the amount of ferrovanadium particles accounted for 0.9% of the mass fraction of the molten metal entering the ladle;
②将浇包内的金属熔液扒渣，当温度降至1439℃，将金属熔液浇入铸型，金属熔液浇注过程中，随金属熔液流加入颗粒尺寸3-6mm的氮化钒铁(氮化钒铁的化学成分及质量分数为：56.24％V,11.21％N,0.38％C,1.60％Si,0.064％P,0.031％S,1.28％Al,余量Fe)和钛铁(钛铁的化学成分及质量分数为：40.14％Ti,2.99％Al,1.76％Si,0.015％P,0.17％Cu,0.057％C,0.008％S,1.99％Mn,余量Fe)，氮化钒铁颗粒和钛铁颗粒加入量分别占进入铸型内金属熔液质量分数的0.20％和0.15％，铸件浇注完毕3小时后，开箱取出铸件，经打磨清砂后，入炉加热至200℃，保温19小时后出炉空冷至室温，即可获得铁-钒-铬耐磨合金，其力学性能见表1。② Remove slag from the molten metal in the ladle. When the temperature drops to 1439°C, pour the molten metal into the mold. During the pouring of the molten metal, add vanadium nitride with a particle size of 3-6mm along with the molten metal flow Iron (the chemical composition and mass fraction of ferrovanadium nitride are: 56.24% V, 11.21% N, 0.38% C, 1.60% Si, 0.064% P, 0.031% S, 1.28% Al, the balance Fe) and titanium iron ( The chemical composition and mass fraction of ferro-titanium are: 40.14% Ti, 2.99% Al, 1.76% Si, 0.015% P, 0.17% Cu, 0.057% C, 0.008% S, 1.99% Mn, the balance Fe), vanadium nitride The amount of iron particles and ferro-titanium particles accounted for 0.20% and 0.15% of the mass fraction of the molten metal entering the mold respectively. Three hours after the casting was poured, the casting was taken out of the box, polished and sand-cleaned, and heated to 200°C in the furnace , after 19 hours of heat preservation, it was taken out of the furnace and air-cooled to room temperature to obtain an iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy, and its mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.
表1铁-钒-铬耐磨合金力学性能Table 1 Mechanical properties of iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy
本发明铁-钒-铬耐磨合金因钒铬的同时加入，在铸态下获得马氏体基体，铸态硬度达到66-68HRC，铸态下低温回火就可以应用，省去了复杂的高温热处理工艺，大幅度缩短生产周期，节约能源。所得铁-钒-铬耐磨合金金相显微组织照片可参照图1。本发明铁-钒-铬耐磨合金中含有大量高硬度的VC，具有优异的耐磨性能，在MM-2000环块磨损试验机上进行对比磨损试验，试样尺寸为10mm×10mm×15mm，采用GCr15对磨环，载荷为60kg，每个试样磨损30min，相同磨损工矿下，本发明铁-钒-铬耐磨合金耐磨性比高铬铸铁提高2倍以上，具有良好的推广应用前景。Due to the addition of vanadium and chromium at the same time, the iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy of the present invention obtains a martensitic matrix in the as-cast state, and the as-cast hardness reaches 66-68HRC, and can be applied after low-temperature tempering in the as-cast state, which saves complicated High temperature heat treatment process greatly shortens the production cycle and saves energy. Refer to Figure 1 for the photo of the metallographic microstructure of the obtained iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy. The iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy of the present invention contains a large amount of VC with high hardness and has excellent wear resistance. The comparative wear test is carried out on the MM-2000 ring block wear tester. The sample size is 10mm×10mm×15mm. GCr15 pair of grinding rings, the load is 60kg, and each sample is worn for 30 minutes. Under the same wear and tear conditions, the wear resistance of the iron-vanadium-chromium wear-resistant alloy of the present invention is more than 2 times that of high-chromium cast iron, and has a good prospect for popularization and application.
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