CN104818379A - Treatment method of gold and silver pyrite - Google Patents
Treatment method of gold and silver pyrite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种金银硫铁矿的处理方法，属于资源开发与金属冶炼领域。其包括如下步骤：(1)氧化熔炼：将金银硫铁矿，进行氧化熔炼，得到高温烟气、氧化亚铁熔融渣和金银锍铁；(2)高温烟气处理：将步骤(1)所得高温烟气，回收余热后，制取硫酸，制酸尾气达标排放；(3)熔融渣处理：将步骤(1)所得氧化亚铁熔融渣，浇铸成块，自然冷却后，得到氧化亚铁渣块，销售；(4)将步骤(1)所得金银锍铁，进行吹炼，得到吹炼渣和金银合金，将所述吹炼渣返回到步骤(1)与金银硫铁矿一起进行氧化熔炼，将所述金银合金销售。本发明具有工艺流程短、投资占地小、生产效率高、生产成本低、金银回收率高、生产过程清洁环保等优点。
The invention discloses a gold-silver pyrite treatment method, which belongs to the fields of resource development and metal smelting. It includes the following steps: (1) oxidative smelting: oxidizing and smelting gold and silver pyrite to obtain high-temperature flue gas, ferrous oxide molten slag and gold-silver iron matte; (2) high-temperature flue gas treatment: converting step (1 ) the obtained high-temperature flue gas, after recovering the waste heat, produce sulfuric acid, and discharge the acid-making tail gas up to the standard; (3) molten slag treatment: cast the ferrous oxide molten slag obtained in step (1) into blocks, and after natural cooling, obtain ferrous oxide Iron slag blocks, sold; (4) blowing the gold and silver matte iron obtained in step (1) to obtain blowing slag and gold-silver alloy, and returning the blowing slag to step (1) with gold, silver and iron sulfur The ore is oxidized and smelted together, and the gold-silver alloy is sold. The invention has the advantages of short technological process, small investment and land occupation, high production efficiency, low production cost, high recovery rate of gold and silver, clean and environment-friendly production process, and the like.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明一种金银硫铁矿的处理方法，属于资源开发与金属冶炼领域。The invention discloses a gold-silver pyrite treatment method, which belongs to the field of resource development and metal smelting.
背景技术Background technique
硫铁矿，又俗称黄铁矿，分子式为FeS2，即二硫化亚铁，理论最高含硫53.3％、铁46.7％。但在实际的矿物中，由于含有其它杂质元素，如氧、硅、钙、铝、砷等，硫铁矿一般含硫32～52％、铁30～47％。在特殊地质条件下形成的硫铁矿，或在部分有色金属选矿过程中，会产出含金银的硫铁矿。金银硫铁矿，一般含金0.0001～0.0030％、银0.005～0.050％。Pyrite, also commonly known as pyrite, has a molecular formula of FeS 2 , that is, ferrous disulfide, with a theoretical maximum sulfur content of 53.3% and iron content of 46.7%. However, in actual minerals, due to the presence of other impurity elements, such as oxygen, silicon, calcium, aluminum, arsenic, etc., pyrite generally contains 32-52% sulfur and 30-47% iron. Pyrite ore formed under special geological conditions, or in the beneficiation process of some non-ferrous metals, will produce pyrite containing gold and silver. Gold-silver pyrite generally contains 0.0001-0.0030% gold and 0.005-0.050% silver.
金银硫铁矿中，不仅硫元素和铁元素有回收价值，金元素和银元素也有回收价值。因此，处理金银硫铁矿的方法，都必须同时考虑上述四种元素的综合回收，以实现更大的经济效益。目前，处理金银硫铁矿的传统方法有以下六种方法。In gold-silver pyrite, not only sulfur and iron elements have recycling value, but also gold and silver elements have recycling value. Therefore, the methods for processing gold-silver pyrite must consider the comprehensive recovery of the above four elements at the same time, so as to achieve greater economic benefits. At present, there are the following six traditional methods for processing gold-silver pyrite.
第一种方法为直接选矿法。将金银硫铁矿进行再破碎，加入活化剂将金银元素活化后，再加入选矿药剂进行浮选。由于得到活化的金银元素比硫化铁具有更大的疏水性，金银元素会富集到浮选精矿中，硫化铁富集在浮选尾矿，从而达到金银与硫铁矿分离的目的。该方法过程简单、生产成本低，但金银元素的活化程度低，且金银与硫铁矿的疏水性能差距小，因此，浮选得到的金银精矿品位低，金银的回收率较低，为40％左右，导致经济效益差。The first method is the direct beneficiation method. Re-crushing gold-silver pyrite, adding activator to activate gold and silver elements, and then adding beneficiation agent for flotation. Since the activated gold and silver elements are more hydrophobic than iron sulfide, gold and silver elements will be enriched in the flotation concentrate, and iron sulfide will be enriched in the flotation tailings, so as to achieve the separation of gold, silver and pyrite Purpose. This method is simple in process and low in production cost, but the activation degree of gold and silver elements is low, and the difference in hydrophobic performance between gold and silver and pyrite is small. Therefore, the grade of gold and silver concentrate obtained by flotation is low, and the recovery rate of gold and silver is low Low, about 40%, resulting in poor economic benefits.
第二种方法是氧化浮选法。该方法由两个主要工艺过程组成，即氧化焙烧过程和焙砂浮选过程。首先将金银硫化铁精矿进行氧化焙烧，产出焙烧烟气和焙砂；焙烧烟气回收余热后进行制酸，制酸尾气达标排放；焙砂进行浮选，得到金银精矿和氧化铁矿；从金银精矿中分步回收金银；氧化铁矿销售。该方法工艺成熟，硫元素转变为工业硫酸产品，且在焙烧过程中放出的热量得到了回收利用，铁元素转变为氧化铁矿，金银得到了富集并能够低成本回收，可以产出一定的经济效益；但该方法工艺过程长，且金银的回收率较低，为60％左右，且氧化铁矿含硫偏高，只能按次品等级销售或与其它铁矿搭配销售。The second method is oxidative flotation. The method consists of two main processes, namely oxidation roasting process and calcined flotation process. First, the gold and silver iron sulfide concentrate is oxidized and roasted to produce roasting flue gas and calcined sand; after the waste heat is recovered from the roasted flue gas, acid production is carried out, and the tail gas of the acid production reaches the standard discharge; the calcined sand is subjected to flotation to obtain gold and silver concentrate and calcination sand. Iron ore; step-by-step recovery of gold and silver from gold and silver concentrates; sale of iron oxide ore. The process is mature, the sulfur element is transformed into industrial sulfuric acid products, and the heat released during the roasting process is recycled, the iron element is transformed into iron oxide ore, the gold and silver are enriched and can be recovered at low cost, and a certain amount can be produced. However, this method has a long technical process, and the recovery rate of gold and silver is low, which is about 60%, and the sulfur content of iron oxide ore is relatively high, so it can only be sold according to the defective grade or matched with other iron ore.
第三种方法是氧化浸出法。该方法由两个主要工艺过程组成，即金银硫铁矿精矿的氧化焙烧过程和焙砂的浸出过程。首先将金银硫化铁精矿进行氧化焙烧，产出焙烧烟气和焙砂；焙烧烟气回收余热后进行制酸，制酸尾气达标排放；焙砂进行浸出，使金银进入浸出液中，并从浸出液分步回收金银，焙砂中的氧化铁不被浸出，形成氧化铁矿，氧化铁矿销售。该方法工艺成熟，硫元素转变为工业硫酸产品，且在焙烧过程中放出的热量得到了回收利用，铁元素转变为氧化铁矿，金银从浸出液中直接置换回收，金银的回收率可以达到75％，技术成熟，经济合理；但该方法工艺过程长，占地面积大，生产成本高、周期长，废水治理难度大，氧化铁矿受到浸出剂影响，只能按次品等级销售或与其它铁矿搭配销售。The third method is oxidation leaching. The method consists of two main processes, namely the oxidation roasting process of the gold-silver pyrite concentrate and the leaching process of the calcined sand. Firstly, the gold-silver iron sulfide concentrate is oxidized and roasted to produce roasting flue gas and calcined sand; after the waste heat is recovered from the roasted flue gas, acid production is carried out, and the tail gas of the acid production is discharged up to the standard; the calcined sand is leached to allow gold and silver to enter the leach solution, and Gold and silver are recovered step by step from the leaching solution, and the iron oxide in the calcined sand is not leached to form iron oxide ore, which is sold. The process is mature, the sulfur element is transformed into industrial sulfuric acid products, and the heat released during the roasting process is recycled, the iron element is transformed into iron oxide ore, and the gold and silver are directly replaced and recovered from the leaching solution, and the recovery rate of gold and silver can reach 75%, the technology is mature, and the economy is reasonable; but this method has a long process, a large area, high production costs, long cycle, difficult wastewater treatment, and the iron oxide ore is affected by the leaching agent, so it can only be sold according to the grade of defective products or with Other iron ore will be sold together.
第四种方法是焙烧浸出电解法。该方法由三个主要工艺过程组成，即氧化焙烧过程、浸出过程和电解过程。首先将金银硫化铁精矿进行氧化焙烧，产出焙烧烟气和焙砂；焙烧烟气回收余热后进行制酸，制酸尾气达标排放；焙砂进行还原浸出，使氧化铁进入浸出液中，金银留存在浸出渣中，作为提取金银的原料；浸出液进行电解产出电解铁粉，电解铁粉销售。该方法工艺较成熟，硫元素转变为工业硫酸产品，且在焙烧过程中放出的热量得到了回收利用，铁元素转变为电解铁粉产品，具有较好的附加值；金银富集到浸出渣中，为后续低成本分步提取金和银创造了有利条件，金银的回收率可以达到90％；但该方法对精矿成分要求严格，只适应较高纯度的硫铁矿，且生产成本高、周期长，电解铁粉产品市场容量小。The fourth method is roasting leaching electrolysis. The method consists of three main processes, namely oxidation roasting process, leaching process and electrolysis process. First, the gold-silver iron sulfide concentrate is oxidized and roasted to produce roasting flue gas and calcined sand; after the waste heat is recovered from the roasted flue gas, acid production is carried out, and the tail gas of the acid production reaches the standard discharge; the calcined sand is reduced and leached to allow iron oxide to enter the leaching solution. Gold and silver remain in the leaching slag as raw materials for extracting gold and silver; the leaching solution is electrolyzed to produce electrolytic iron powder, which is sold. The process is relatively mature, the sulfur element is transformed into industrial sulfuric acid products, and the heat released during the roasting process has been recycled, and the iron element is transformed into electrolytic iron powder products, which have good added value; gold and silver are enriched in the leaching residue, It creates favorable conditions for the subsequent low-cost step-by-step extraction of gold and silver, and the recovery rate of gold and silver can reach 90%. The cycle is long, and the market capacity of electrolytic iron powder products is small.
第五种方法是氧压浸出电解法。该方法由两个主要工艺过程组成，即金银硫铁矿精矿的直接氧压浸出过程和浸出液电解过程。首先将金银硫化铁精矿进行高温氧压浸出，产出浸出液和浸出渣；浸出渣分离硫璜后，再分步提取金和银；浸出液进行电解产出电解铁粉，电解铁粉进行销售。该方法工艺先进，硫元素转变为工业硫磺产品，铁元素转变为电解铁粉产品，金银在浸出渣中得到了富集，为后续低成本分步提取金和银创造了有利条件，金银的回收率高达90％；但该方法投资大，工艺过程要求苛刻，蒸汽消耗量大，生产成本高，且对硫铁矿精矿的纯度要求高，只适用于较高纯度的硫铁矿。The fifth method is oxygen pressure leaching electrolysis. The method consists of two main processes, that is, the direct oxygen pressure leaching process of the gold-silver pyrite concentrate and the electrolysis process of the leaching solution. Firstly, the gold-silver iron sulfide concentrate is leached under high temperature and oxygen pressure to produce leaching solution and leaching slag; after the leaching slag is separated from sulfur and sulfide, gold and silver are extracted step by step; the leaching solution is electrolyzed to produce electrolytic iron powder, and the electrolytic iron powder is sold . This method has advanced technology, sulfur element is converted into industrial sulfur products, iron element is converted into electrolytic iron powder products, and gold and silver are enriched in the leaching residue, which creates favorable conditions for the subsequent low-cost step-by-step extraction of gold and silver. The recovery rate of the method is as high as 90%; but this method requires large investment, harsh process requirements, large steam consumption, high production cost, and high requirements for the purity of pyrite concentrate, so it is only suitable for relatively high-purity pyrite.
第六种方法是高温氯化挥发法。该方法由两个主要工艺过程组成，即金银硫铁矿精矿的氧化焙烧过程和焙砂的高温氯化挥发过程。首先将金银硫化铁精矿进行氧化焙烧，产出焙烧烟气和焙砂；焙烧烟气回收余热后进行制酸，制酸尾气达标排放；焙砂配入一定量的氯化钙和煤焦，在高温下进行氯化挥发，使金银进入挥发物中，并从挥发物分步回收金银，焙砂中的氧化铁被挥发，形成氧化铁渣，氧化铁渣对外销售。该方法工艺成熟，硫元素转变为工业硫酸产品，且在焙烧过程中放出的热量得到了回收利用，铁元素转变为氧化铁渣，金银从挥发物中分步回收，技术成熟；但该方法加入氯化物，对生产设备的腐蚀严重，设备防腐要求严格，投资成本高，生产现场环境差，废水治理难度大，氧化铁渣受到氯化物影响，降低了市场价格。在新环保政策条件下，该方法已经不能为企业实现经济效益，已无应用生产厂家。The sixth method is the high temperature chlorination volatilization method. The method is composed of two main processes, that is, the oxidation roasting process of the gold-silver pyrite concentrate and the high-temperature chlorination volatilization process of the calcined sand. First, the gold-silver iron sulfide concentrate is oxidized and roasted to produce roasting flue gas and calcined sand; after the waste heat is recovered from the roasted flue gas, acid production is carried out, and the tail gas of the acid production reaches the standard discharge; a certain amount of calcium chloride and coal char are added to the calcined sand , chlorination and volatilization at high temperature, so that gold and silver enter the volatile matter, and gold and silver are recovered step by step from the volatile matter, and the iron oxide in the calcined sand is volatilized to form iron oxide slag, which is sold to the outside world. This method has mature technology, sulfur element is transformed into industrial sulfuric acid products, and the heat released in the roasting process is recycled, iron element is transformed into iron oxide slag, gold and silver are recovered step by step from volatile matter, and the technology is mature; but this method Adding chlorides will cause serious corrosion to production equipment, strict anti-corrosion requirements for equipment, high investment costs, poor production site environment, difficult wastewater treatment, iron oxide slag is affected by chlorides, and the market price is reduced. Under the conditions of the new environmental protection policy, this method can no longer realize economic benefits for enterprises, and there are no application manufacturers.
综上，现有的处理金银硫铁矿的方法都存在诸多弊端，因此，有必要研制一种工艺流程短、投资省、占地小、生产效率高、生产成本低、金银回收率高、生产过程清洁环保的新的处理金银硫铁矿的方法。In summary, there are many disadvantages in the existing methods for processing gold-silver pyrite, therefore, it is necessary to develop a method with short technological process, low investment, small footprint, high production efficiency, low production cost, and high gold and silver recovery rate. , A new method of processing gold-silver pyrite which is clean and environment-friendly in the production process.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是解决现有技术的不足，提供一种金银硫铁矿的处理方法。本发明的处理方法具有工艺流程短、投资省、占地小、生产效率高、生产成本低、金银回收率高、生产过程清洁环保等优点。The purpose of the invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a treatment method for gold-silver pyrite. The processing method of the present invention has the advantages of short process flow, low investment, small land occupation, high production efficiency, low production cost, high recovery rate of gold and silver, clean and environment-friendly production process, and the like.
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种金银硫铁矿的处理方法，包括如下步骤：The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows: a kind of processing method of gold-silver pyrite comprises the steps:
(1)氧化熔炼：将金银硫铁矿，进行氧化熔炼，得到高温烟气、氧化亚铁熔融渣和金银锍铁；(1) Oxidation smelting: the gold and silver pyrite is oxidized and smelted to obtain high-temperature flue gas, ferrous oxide molten slag and gold and silver matte iron;
(2)高温烟气处理：将步骤(1)所得高温烟气，回收余热后，制取硫酸，制酸尾气达标排放；(2) High-temperature flue gas treatment: the high-temperature flue gas obtained in step (1) is recovered after waste heat to produce sulfuric acid, and the tail gas of the acid production is discharged up to the standard;
(3)熔融渣处理：将步骤(1)所得氧化亚铁熔融渣，浇铸成块，自然冷却后，得到氧化亚铁渣块，销售；(3) Molten slag treatment: the ferrous oxide fused slag obtained in step (1) is cast into blocks, and after natural cooling, ferrous oxide slag blocks are obtained and sold;
(4)金银锍铁吹炼：将步骤(1)所得金银锍铁，进行吹炼，得到吹炼渣和金银合金，将所述吹炼渣返回到步骤(1)与金银硫铁矿一起进行氧化熔炼，将所述金银合金销售。(4) Gold and silver matte iron blowing: the gold and silver matte iron obtained in step (1) is blown to obtain blowing slag and gold-silver alloy, and the blowing slag is returned to step (1) and gold-silver sulfur Iron ore is oxidized and smelted together, and the gold-silver alloy is sold.
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进：On the basis of above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention can also be improved as follows:
进一步，步骤(1)所述金银硫铁矿所含金、银、铁、硫的质量百分数分别为：金0.0001～0.003％、银0.005～0.05％、铁30～47％、硫32～52％，所述氧化熔炼的条件为：温度为1200～1400℃、入炉气体O2体积百分数浓度为21～48％，所述高温烟气所含SO2的体积百分数为7～20％，所述金银锍铁所含金、银的质量百分数分别为：金0.002～0.06％、银0.1～1.0％。Further, the mass percentages of gold, silver, iron and sulfur contained in the gold-silver pyrite in step (1) are respectively: 0.0001-0.003% of gold, 0.005-0.05% of silver, 30-47% of iron, 32-52% of sulfur %, the conditions of the oxidation smelting are: the temperature is 1200～1400°C, the concentration of O2 volume percentage in the furnace gas is 21 ～48%, and the volume percentage of SO2 contained in the high temperature flue gas is 7～20%. The mass percentages of gold and silver contained in the gold-silver matte iron are respectively: 0.002-0.06% of gold and 0.1-1.0% of silver.
进一步，步骤(4)所述吹炼的条件为：温度1200～1400℃、入炉气体O2体积百分数浓度为21～93％，所述金银合金所含金、银的质量百分数分别为：金0.1～3.0％、银5～50％。Further, the blowing conditions in step (4) are: temperature 1200～1400° C., furnace gas O The volume percentage concentration is 21～93%, and the mass percentages of gold and silver contained in the gold-silver alloy are respectively: Gold 0.1-3.0%, silver 5-50%.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1.工艺流程短。本发明的主要工艺过程只有一个，即金银硫铁矿的氧化熔炼过程，其它的三个工艺过程，都不是主要过程。金银硫铁矿进行氧化熔炼时，大部分的二硫化亚铁被氧化为氧化亚铁和二氧化硫，氧化亚铁与精矿中的少量氧化硅、氧化钙等一起熔融，形成氧化亚铁熔融渣，二氧化硫进入烟气，用于制取硫酸，小部分的二硫化亚铁分解为硫磺和硫化亚铁，硫磺被氧化为二氧化硫进入烟气，小部分硫化铁没有被氧化，对金银有良好的捕集作用，与金银一起，形成含金银的硫化铁熔融体，即金银锍铁；二氧化硫烟气处理和氧化亚铁熔融渣处理，都是氧化熔炼的一个附属工艺；金银锍铁的量只有金银硫铁矿量的5％左右，因此，后续的锍铁吹炼，只是对少量的物料进行处理，处理规模大幅度减小。1. The process flow is short. There is only one main process of the present invention, that is, the oxidation smelting process of gold-silver pyrite, and the other three processes are not the main process. When gold-silver pyrite is oxidized and smelted, most of the ferrous disulfide is oxidized to ferrous oxide and sulfur dioxide, and the ferrous oxide is melted together with a small amount of silicon oxide and calcium oxide in the concentrate to form ferrous oxide molten slag , sulfur dioxide enters the flue gas and is used to produce sulfuric acid. A small part of ferrous disulfide is decomposed into sulfur and ferrous sulfide. The sulfur is oxidized into sulfur dioxide and enters the flue gas. A small part of iron sulfide is not oxidized and has a good effect on gold and silver. Collecting effect, together with gold and silver, forms iron sulfide melt containing gold and silver, that is, gold and silver matte iron; sulfur dioxide flue gas treatment and ferrous oxide molten slag treatment are both an auxiliary process of oxidation smelting; gold and silver matte iron The amount of iron is only about 5% of the amount of gold-silver pyrite. Therefore, the subsequent blowing of matte iron only processes a small amount of materials, and the processing scale is greatly reduced.
2.投资省、占地小。由于主要工艺过程仅有氧化熔炼一个工艺过程，主要投资就是1台氧化熔炼炉，氧化熔炼炉的具体设备有澳斯麦特炉、闪速炉、底吹炉、侧吹炉、艾萨炉、基夫赛特炉、诺兰达炉、顶吹转炉等，氧化熔炼过程在较高温度下进行，设备效率高，1台氧化熔炼炉每年处理的物料量可以高达20万吨，在配合富氧使用时，单台炉每年的处理量能够达到50万吨，因此，项目投资较省，占地也会较小。2. Low investment and small footprint. Since the main process is only one process of oxidation smelting, the main investment is one oxidation smelting furnace. The specific equipment of the oxidation smelting furnace includes Ausmelt furnace, flash furnace, bottom blowing furnace, side blowing furnace, Isa furnace, Kifsaite furnace, Noranda furnace, top-blown converter, etc., the oxidation smelting process is carried out at a relatively high temperature, and the equipment efficiency is high. The material volume processed by one oxidation smelting furnace can be as high as 200,000 tons per year. When used with oxygen enrichment At that time, the annual processing capacity of a single furnace can reach 500,000 tons. Therefore, the project investment is relatively low and the land occupation will be small.
3.生产效率高。由于氧化熔炼在1200～1400℃的高温条件下进行，化学反应能够在极短的时间内完成，设备具有很高的效率，1台氧化熔炼炉每年处理的物料量可以高达20万吨，如果采用的氧化剂为富氧空气，则设备的处理能力还能大大提升，1台氧化熔炼炉每年处理的物料量可以高达50万吨，氧化熔炼炉床能力可以达到50吨/(天·平方米)，1台年处理50万吨的氧化熔炼炉，炉床面积也仅有42.4平方米，如果是澳斯麦特炉，炉子的内部直径仅6.5米。3. High production efficiency. Since oxidation smelting is carried out at a high temperature of 1200-1400 °C, the chemical reaction can be completed in a very short time, and the equipment has high efficiency. The amount of materials processed by one oxidation smelting furnace can be as high as 200,000 tons per year. If the oxidant is oxygen-enriched air, the processing capacity of the equipment can be greatly improved. One oxidation melting furnace can process up to 500,000 tons of materials per year, and the oxidation melting hearth capacity can reach 50 tons/(day·square meter). An oxidation smelting furnace with an annual processing capacity of 500,000 tons has a hearth area of only 42.4 square meters. If it is an Ausmelt furnace, the inner diameter of the furnace is only 6.5 meters.
4.生产成本低。在本发明中，金银硫铁矿的氧化熔炼过程和金银锍铁的吹炼过程，都充分利用了硫元素的氧化放热，不需要再消耗焦煤能源，因此具有较低的生产成本，从而确保为企业实现理想的经济效益。4. Low production cost. In the present invention, both the oxidation smelting process of gold-silver pyrite and the blowing process of gold-silver matte iron fully utilize the heat release of oxidation of sulfur element, and no need to consume coking coal energy, so the production cost is relatively low. So as to ensure the ideal economic benefits for the enterprise.
5.金银回收率高。由于在硫铁矿的氧化熔炼过程中，锍铁对金银有良好的捕集作用，精矿中98％的金银熔化于锍铁中，在金银锍铁吹炼时，金银的回收率达到95％，整个工艺过程金银的总回收率达到92％以上。5. Gold and silver recovery rate is high. Since matte iron has a good trapping effect on gold and silver in the oxidation smelting process of pyrite ore, 98% of the gold and silver in the concentrate is melted in matte iron, and the recovery of gold and silver The rate reaches 95%, and the total recovery rate of gold and silver in the whole process reaches more than 92%.
6.生产过程清洁环保。在氧化熔炼过程中，得到的烟气回收了余热后进行制酸，制酸尾气达标排放，铁元素转为氧化亚铁烧结块，其价值高于铁矿，是钢铁行业的理想原料，金银合金是回收金银的良好原料，整个工艺过程没有废液和废气产出。6. The production process is clean and environmentally friendly. In the process of oxidative smelting, the obtained flue gas recovers waste heat and then is used for acid production. The tail gas of acid production reaches the standard discharge, and the iron element is converted into ferrous oxide sintered agglomerates. Its value is higher than that of iron ore. It is an ideal raw material for the steel industry, gold and silver Alloy is a good raw material for recovering gold and silver, and there is no waste liquid and waste gas during the whole process.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
一种金银硫铁矿的处理方法，如图1所示，包括如下步骤：A kind of processing method of gold-silver pyrite, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the steps:
(1)氧化熔炼：将含质量百分数分别为0.0001％金、0.005％银、30％铁、32％硫的金银硫铁矿，以12吨/小时的速度加入到内直径为4米的澳斯麦特炉，同时以30000标准立方米/小时的速度喷入O2体积百分数为21％的空气，在1200℃下进行氧化熔炼，得到29000标准立方米/小时含SO2体积百分数为7％的高温烟气、7.7吨/小时的氧化亚铁熔融渣和0.6吨/小时含质量百分数分别为0.002％金、0.1％银的金银锍铁；(1) Oxidation smelting: the gold-silver pyrite containing mass percentages of 0.0001% gold, 0.005% silver, 30% iron and 32% sulfur is added to the Australian mine with an inner diameter of 4 meters at a rate of 12 tons/hour. Simultaneously inject air with 21% volume percentage of O2 at a speed of 30,000 standard cubic meters per hour, and carry out oxidation melting at 1200 ° C to obtain 29,000 standard cubic meters per hour containing 7 volume percent SO2 High-temperature flue gas, 7.7 tons/hour of ferrous oxide molten slag, and 0.6 tons/hour of gold and silver matte iron with mass percentages of 0.002% gold and 0.1% silver respectively;
(2)高温烟气处理：将步骤(1)所得高温烟气，采用余热锅炉回收余热，得到温度为385℃、压力为3.8MPa的过热蒸汽7吨/小时，然后采用二转二吸技术进行制取硫酸，制酸尾气含SO2的体积百分数为0.01％，从60米高的烟囱达标排放；(2) High-temperature flue gas treatment: use the waste heat boiler to recover the waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas obtained in step (1), and obtain 7 tons/hour of superheated steam with a temperature of 385°C and a pressure of 3.8MPa, and then use the two-turn and two-suction technology to carry out To produce sulfuric acid , the volume percentage of SO2 in the tail gas of the acid production is 0.01%, and it is discharged from a 60-meter-high chimney up to the standard;
(3)熔融渣处理：将步骤(1)所得氧化亚铁熔融渣，浇铸成0.6m×0.2m×0.15m的块状物，自然冷却后，得到氧化亚铁渣块，销售；(3) Molten slag treatment: cast ferrous oxide fused slag obtained in step (1) into a block of 0.6m×0.2m×0.15m, and after natural cooling, obtain ferrous oxide slag block for sale;
(4)金银锍铁吹炼：将步骤(1)所得金银锍铁，按12吨/炉，加入到长2.6米、内直径2.4米的顶吹转炉中，在温度1200℃下、以2000标准立方米/小时的速度喷入空气，吹炼12小时，得到吹炼渣9.1吨和含质量百分数分别为0.1％金、5％银的金银合金0.23吨，将所述吹炼渣返回到步骤(1)与金银硫铁矿一起进行氧化熔炼，将所述金银合金销售。(4) Gold and silver matte iron blowing: the gold and silver matte iron obtained in step (1) is added to a top-blown converter with a length of 2.6 meters and an inner diameter of 2.4 meters at a temperature of 1200 ° C at a temperature of 12 tons per furnace. The speed of 2000 standard cubic meters per hour is sprayed into the air, blowing for 12 hours, obtaining 9.1 tons of blowing slag and 0.23 tons of gold-silver alloy containing mass percent of 0.1% gold and 5% silver, and returning the blowing slag Go to step (1) to carry out oxidation smelting together with gold-silver pyrite, and sell the gold-silver alloy.
实施例2Example 2
一种金银硫铁矿的处理方法，如图1所示，包括如下步骤：A kind of processing method of gold-silver pyrite, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the steps:
(1)氧化熔炼：将含质量百分数分别为0.001％金、0.025％银、40％铁、42％硫的金银硫铁矿，以20吨/小时的速度加入到炉床面积为60平方米的底吹炉，同时以36000标准立方米/小时的速度喷入含O2体积百分数为32％的富氧空气，在1300℃下进行氧化熔炼，得到33000标准立方米/小时含SO2体积百分数为16％的高温烟气、13.4吨/小时的氧化亚铁熔融渣和1.08吨/小时含质量百分数分别为0.018％金、0.45％银的金银锍铁；(1) Oxidation smelting: the gold-silver pyrite containing mass percentages of 0.001% gold, 0.025% silver, 40% iron, and 42% sulfur is added to the hearth area of 60 square meters at a rate of 20 tons/hour. At the same time, the bottom blowing furnace is sprayed with oxygen-enriched air containing 32% O2 volume percentage at a rate of 36000 standard cubic meters per hour, and oxidation melting is carried out at 1300 ° C to obtain 33000 standard cubic meters per hour containing SO2 volume percent It is 16% high-temperature flue gas, 13.4 tons/hour of ferrous oxide molten slag and 1.08 tons/hour of gold and silver matte iron with mass percentages of 0.018% gold and 0.45% silver respectively;
(2)高温烟气处理：将步骤(1)所得高温烟气，采用余热锅炉回收余热，得到温度为405℃、压力为3.82MPa的过热蒸汽7吨/小时，然后采用二转二吸技术进行制取硫酸，制酸尾气含SO2的质量百分数为0.01％，从60米的烟囱达标排放；(2) High-temperature flue gas treatment: use the waste heat boiler to recover the waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas obtained in step (1), and obtain 7 tons/hour of superheated steam with a temperature of 405°C and a pressure of 3.82MPa, and then use the two-turn and two-suction technology to carry out Sulfuric acid is produced, and the mass percentage of SO2 in the acid production tail gas is 0.01%, which is discharged from a 60-meter chimney up to the standard;
(3)熔融渣处理：将步骤(1)所得氧化亚铁熔融渣，浇铸成0.6m×0.2m×0.15m的块状物，自然冷却后，得到氧化亚铁渣块，销售；(3) Molten slag treatment: cast ferrous oxide fused slag obtained in step (1) into a block of 0.6m×0.2m×0.15m, and after natural cooling, obtain ferrous oxide slag block for sale;
(4)金银锍铁吹炼：将步骤(1)所得金银锍铁，按10.8吨/炉，加入到长2.6米、内直径2.4米的顶吹转炉中，在温度1300℃下、以1500标准立方米/小时的速度喷入含O2质量百分数为50％的富氧空气，吹炼6小时，得到吹炼渣7.8吨和含质量百分数分别为0.29％金、7.2％银的金银合金0.65吨；将所述吹炼渣返回到步骤(1)与金银硫铁矿一起进行氧化熔炼，将所述金银合金销售。(4) Gold and silver matte iron blowing: the gold and silver matte iron obtained in step (1) is added to a top-blown converter with a length of 2.6 meters and an inner diameter of 2.4 meters at a rate of 10.8 tons per furnace. The speed of 1500 standard cubic meters per hour is sprayed into oxygen-enriched air containing 50% by mass of O 2 and blown for 6 hours to obtain 7.8 tons of blowing slag and gold and silver containing 0.29% by mass of gold and 7.2% by mass of silver 0.65 tons of alloy; the blowing slag is returned to step (1) for oxidation smelting together with gold-silver pyrite, and the gold-silver alloy is sold.
实施例3Example 3
一种金银硫铁矿的处理方法，如图1所示，包括如下步骤：A kind of processing method of gold-silver pyrite, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the steps:
(1)氧化熔炼：将含质量百分数分别为0.003％金、0.05％银、48％铁、52％硫的金银硫铁矿，以30吨/小时的速度加入到内直径为5.4米的艾萨炉，同时以50000标准立方米/小时的速度喷入含O2质量百分数为48％的富氧空气，在1400℃下进行氧化熔炼，得到47000标准立方米/小时含SO2质量百分数为20％的高温烟气、17.2吨/小时的氧化亚铁熔融渣和1.47吨/小时含质量百分数分别为0.06％金、1.0％银的金银锍铁；(1) Oxidation smelting: the gold-silver pyrite containing mass percentages of 0.003% gold, 0.05% silver, 48% iron, and 52% sulfur is added to the moxa with an inner diameter of 5.4 meters at a speed of 30 tons/hour. At the same time, at the rate of 50,000 standard cubic meters per hour, oxygen-enriched air containing 48% of O2 mass percent is injected, and oxidation melting is carried out at 1400 ° C to obtain 47,000 standard cubic meters per hour of 20 mass percent SO2. % of high-temperature flue gas, 17.2 tons/hour of ferrous oxide molten slag and 1.47 tons/hour of gold and silver matte iron with mass percentages of 0.06% gold and 1.0% silver respectively;
(2)高温烟气处理：将步骤(1)所得高温烟气，采用余热锅炉回收余热，得到温度为425℃、压力为3.85MPa的过热蒸汽9吨/小时，然后采用二转二吸技术进行制取硫酸，制酸尾气含SO2的质量百分数为0.012％，从60米的烟囱达标排放；(2) High-temperature flue gas treatment: use the waste heat boiler to recover the waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas obtained in step (1), and obtain 9 tons/hour of superheated steam with a temperature of 425°C and a pressure of 3.85MPa, and then use the two-turn and two-suction technology to carry out Sulfuric acid is produced, and the tail gas containing SO2 in the acid production tail gas has a mass percentage of 0.012%, which is discharged from a 60-meter chimney up to the standard;
(3)熔融渣处理：将步骤(1)所得氧化亚铁熔融渣，浇铸成0.6m×0.2m×0.15m的块状物，自然冷却后，得到氧化亚铁渣块，销售；(3) Molten slag treatment: cast ferrous oxide fused slag obtained in step (1) into a block of 0.6m×0.2m×0.15m, and after natural cooling, obtain ferrous oxide slag block for sale;
(4)金银锍铁吹炼：将步骤(1)所得金银锍铁，按10吨/炉，加入到长2.6米、内直径2.4米的顶吹转炉中，在温度1400℃下、以1000标准立方米/小时的速度喷入含O2质量百分数为93％的富氧空气，吹炼4小时，得到吹炼渣7.6吨和含质量百分数分别为3.0％金、50％银的金银合金0.195吨，将所述吹炼渣返回到步骤(1)与金银硫铁矿一起进行氧化熔炼，将所述金银合金销售。(4) Gold and silver matte iron blowing: the gold and silver matte iron obtained in step (1) is added to a top-blown converter with a length of 2.6 meters and an inner diameter of 2.4 meters at a temperature of 1400 ° C at a temperature of 10 tons per furnace. The speed of 1000 standard cubic meters per hour is sprayed into oxygen-enriched air containing 93% O2 mass percentage, blowing for 4 hours, and 7.6 tons of blowing slag and gold and silver containing 3.0% gold and 50% silver by mass percentage are obtained respectively 0.195 tons of alloy, the blowing slag is returned to step (1) for oxidation smelting together with gold-silver pyrite, and the gold-silver alloy is sold.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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