CN104720794A - Method for detecting electrocardiogram wave form R points through superposing - Google Patents
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- A61B5/352—Detecting R peaks, e.g. for synchronising diagnostic apparatus; Estimating R-R interval
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting electrocardiogram wave form R points through superposing, and belongs to the field of electrocardiogram wave form detection. The method mainly includes the following steps that 1, falling leads, leads with small signals and leads with large interference are excluded; 2, waveform graphs measured by leads which are not excluded are superposed; 3, a dynamic threshold value is used for judging the R points; 4, compensation analysis for error analysis and missing analysis is carried out. The method is high in anti-interference performance, real-time performance and accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method detecting R point in ecg wave form, especially a kind of method superposing detection multi-lead ecg wave form R point, belongs to cardiogram wave detection field.
Background technology
Electrocardiogram is satisfactory electrography (ECG) also, is a kind of transthoracic bioelectrical activity recording heart in units of the time, and is caught and the Clinics recorded by the electrode on skin.The operation principle of ECG can simplified summary be: very little electricity can be caused to change at skin surface when each heart beating myocardial cell is unpolarized, this little change is caught by electrocardiogram recording device and amplifies can describe electrocardiogram.When myocardial cell is in quiescent condition, there is the electric potential difference formed by negative ion concentrations difference in myocardial cell membrane both sides, namely depolarization is that myocardial cell electric potential difference is rapidly to 0 change, and causes the process of mycardial contractility.In a cardiac cycle of healthy heart, orderly the propagating in heart successively of the depolarization wave produced by sinus node cells, first propagates into whole atrium, is transmitted to ventricle through " inherent pathway ".If place 2 electrodes on any two sides of heart, just can be recorded to change in voltage small between two electrodes so in this process, and can show on electrocardiograph paper or monitor.
R point is the most obvious point in electrocardiogram, and correct detection R point is the basis of whole electrocardiogram automatic analysis, and R point detecting method is the focus of electrocardiogram correlational study.Existing R point detecting method is all carry out analyzing based on the ecg wave form singly led or based on the waveform that leads of the main analysis in multi-lead waveform substantially.At lead-fail detector, signal peak little or disturb large in be just difficult to make detection, and be difficult to the impact of discharging spike, tall and big T ripple, drift interference, amount of calculation is large, and real-time is strong, and algorithm is complicated.
Usually the electrode of more than 2 can be placed on limbs, they partner between two and carry out measuring (as left arm electrode (LA), right arm electrode (RA), left lower limb electrode (LL) can be combined like this: LA+RA, LA+LL, RA+LL).The output signal of each electrode pair is called that one group is led.Leading is exactly briefly the change removing to see electric current of heart from different angles.Electrocardiographic kind can be distinguished to lead, as 3 lead electrocardiogram, 5 lead electrocardiogram, 12 lead electrocardiogram, 18 lead electrocardiogram etc.
Lead, in electrocardiography, in different linguistic context, this term that leads can have multiple meaning of a word; According to common saying, lead and can refer to the cable of connection electrode and cardiograph; " lead " in " left hand leads " to refer to and be positioned over left hand or the electrode near it; Lead the signal pattern that also can refer to that the electrode being placed on a certain position of human body measures, instead of be connected to the electrode on limbs.The electrode referring to and be placed on a certain position of human body that leads mentioned in this patent.
Oscillogram, refer to the electrode interior complete signal image measured of section being sometime placed on a certain position of human body, the oscillogram mentioned in this patent has its corresponding leading; Signal pattern with the display of video picture instrument, also can store by pertinent instruments, record, computing; Waveform refers to a certain section of image in oscillogram.
The original image of oscillogram and the image after processing are all generally periodic waveforms; In one-period, the maximum value of the instantaneous appearance of waveform, is called peak value; Maximum value in multiple cycle in peak value is called peak-peak.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are to provide a kind of method superposing detection ecg wave form R point, and its strong interference immunity, real-time, accuracy rate is high.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
Superpose the method detecting ecg wave form R point, adopt the overlay analysis method to multi-lead waveform, comprise the steps,
Step one, eliminating comes off, signal is little, disturb large leading,
Measured oscillogram that what step 2, overlap-add procedure did not exclude lead,
Step 3, judge R point with dynamic threshold,
Step 4, the Compensation Analysis that mistake analysis and leakage are analyzed.
The further improvement of technical solution of the present invention is:
Described step one get rid of come off, signal is little, disturb in large leading,
Leading of coming off refers to that all peak values in oscillogram are zero lead,
Little the leading of signal refers to that in oscillogram, all peak values are less than leading of the small signal threshold of setting,
, within any 1 second, the peak-peak of oscillogram is greater than the first interference threshold and minimum peak is less than leading of the second interference threshold to disturb large leading to refer to.
The further improvement of technical solution of the present invention is: small signal threshold is 0.15 millivolt, and the first interference threshold is 5 millivolts, and the second interference threshold is-5 millivolts.
The further improvement of technical solution of the present invention is: described step 2 comprises the following steps,
(1) difference: calculus of differences is carried out to the measured oscillogram of leading that each does not exclude, obtains a difference waveform figure, and the quantity of leading do not excluded is counted N;
(2) take absolute value and superpose: take absolute value above-mentioned each difference waveform figure process, each oscillogram after process is superposed;
(3) square and normalized: the result after superposition to be carried out square, by square after result be multiplied by the coefficient of stability
(4) integration: the result after normalization is carried out integral operation, obtains an overlaid waveforms figure.
The further improvement of technical solution of the present invention is: described step 3 comprises the following steps,
(1) determination of initial decision threshold,
(2) dynamic conditioning of decision threshold.
The further improvement of technical solution of the present invention is: the optional one of the following mode of determination of described initial decision threshold,
Overlaid waveforms figure gets appoint and get 7 continuous print peak points, remove a maximum and a minima, then average 1/2nd as initial threshold, using being greater than the peak value of initial decision threshold as R point, judging first three R point with initial threshold;
Or the data of getting 5 seconds of taking up an official post at overlaid waveforms figure, remove a maximum and a minima, then average 1/2nd as initial threshold, using being greater than the peak value of initial threshold as R point, judges first three R point with initial threshold.
The further improvement of technical solution of the present invention is: the dynamic conditioning of described decision threshold refers to, for the judgement of the 4th and the 4th later R point, gets 1/2nd decision thresholds put as this of the meansigma methods of three continuous R points before this point.
The further improvement of technical solution of the present invention is: described step 4 is as follows to the Compensation Analysis analyzed by mistake,
(1) delete the situation that tall and big T ripple is mistaken for R point, wherein tall and big T ripple refers in overlaid waveforms figure and is less than 300 milliseconds with the peak-to-peak distance of last ripple and is less than the waveform of the spacing of 1/2nd previous adjacent peaks;
(2) delete the situation that spike interference is mistaken for R point, wherein spike interference refers to that in overlaid waveforms figure, peak value is greater than 1/4th peak-peaks, and the waveform that waveform widths is less than 30 milliseconds;
(3) delete the situation that drift interference is mistaken for R point, wherein drift interference refers to and is defined as within the scope of 40 milliseconds, the front and back of R point in difference waveform figure, and the peak value of waveform is just being or is being negative waveform.
The further improvement of technical solution of the present invention is: described step 4 is specific as follows to leaking the Compensation Analysis analyzed,
Leak to analyze and refer to apart from when also not finding R point to carry out back looking in the interval of 1.5 times at the first two R point interval, meet the waveform that peak value is greater than 1/2nd of decision threshold.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, the technological progress that the present invention obtains is:
A kind of method superposing detection ecg wave form R point that the present invention proposes, eliminating comes off, disturb large, little the leading of signal, select signal quality to lead preferably to carry out superposing and normalized, dynamic threshold method of adjustment is set, not only make R point more obvious, and suppress other waveforms, be convenient to searching of R point, accuracy rate is high.
Step one eliminating comes off, disturbs large, little the leading of signal, R ripple is detected, before oscillogram being carried out to the computing that R point is outstanding, other waveforms suppress, first by underproof for signal eliminating of leading based on multi-lead, relative to the method got rid of after first computing, decrease operand; And if signal underproof leading is mixed into signal and leads preferably and handle together, increase the probability detecting and occur deviation.
Step 2 overlap-add procedure is the corresponding oscillogram of leading excluded, through difference, take absolute value and superpose, square and normalized, these steps of integration, highlight the waveform at R point place, effectively inhibit other as waveforms such as T ripples.
Step 3 dynamic threshold judges R point, set dynamic threshold value make judge R point time, threshold value changes according to the difference of different individual states, instrument with along with time issuable instrument temperature drift etc., make the application feature that the setting of threshold value is more realistic, improve the judgment accuracy to R point.
Easily be parsed into the erroneous judgement of R point for tall and big T ripple, spike interference, drift interference etc. in step 4, do the remedial measure of deleting, the form that the interference of tall and big T ripple, spike, drift interference etc. have difference and be not easily excluded, as easy as rolling off a logly break as R ripple due to the insensitive misjudged of algorithm, remedial measure to erroneous judgement is set, can exclusive PCR in time, effectively reduce analysis rate by mistake, improve the accuracy detected.
Disconnected to failing to judge of being easily missed of ventricular premature contraction in step 4, propose Compensation Analysis method, effectively reduce and leak analysis rate, make the detection of R point more accurate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is flow chart of data processing block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the oscillogram of leading come off;
Fig. 3 is the oscillogram of leading of small-signal;
Fig. 4 be large interference lead oscillogram;
Fig. 5 is the original waveform figure that electrocardio one leads;
Fig. 6 is the difference waveform figure that electrocardio one leads;
Fig. 7 is the overlaid waveforms figure that electrocardio one leads;
Fig. 8 is the tall and big T ripple schematic diagram in overlaid waveforms figure;
Fig. 9 is the spike interference schematic diagram in overlaid waveforms figure;
Figure 10 is the shift point schematic diagram in difference waveform figure;
Figure 11 is that schematic diagram is analyzed in the leakage in overlaid waveforms figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further details:
Superpose the method detecting ecg wave form R point, adopt the overlay analysis method to multi-lead waveform, comprise the steps,
Step one, removal poor signal quality are led:
Following waveforms is defined as of poor quality leading, as shown in figs. 2 to 4:
(1) what come off leads: by peak value in oscillogram be zero lead that being defined as comes off leads.
(2) little the leading of signal: peak value in oscillogram being less than leading of the small signal threshold of setting is defined as little the leading of signal; The preferred value of small signal threshold 0.15 millivolt.
(3) disturb large leading: by the time range of any 1 second in oscillogram, the ripple that peak-peak is greater than the first interference threshold, minimum peak is less than the second interference threshold is defined as large the leading of interference.The preferred value of first interference threshold 5 millivolts, the preferred value of the second interference threshold-5 millivolts.
Step 2, corresponding oscillogram overlap-add procedure that quality better led:
(1) difference: each leads and carries out calculus of differences, and the quantity that calculated mass better leads;
A
1(x)＝A
1(x+10)-A
1(x-10)；
A
2(x)＝A
2(x+10)-A
2(x-10)；
A
n(x)=A
n(x+10)-A
n(x-10), obtain a difference waveform figure, wherein, N is the number that quality is led well, the value of 10 expression front 10ms and rear 10ms.
(2) take absolute value and superpose: after finishing difference, each leads and takes absolute value, then by superposition of respectively leading.
A
Sum(x)＝|A
1(x)|+|A
2(x)|+…+|A
N(x)|
(3) square and normalized: overlaid waveforms is carried out square, and is multiplied by the coefficient of stability.
(4) integration:
Result after normalization is carried out integral operation;
obtain an overlaid waveforms figure.
Step 3, judge R point with dynamic threshold:
(1) determination of initial decision threshold: find arbitrarily 7 continuous peak points or the data within any 5 seconds on integral result, remove a maximum and a minima, then average 1/2nd as initial decision threshold.To the peak value of initial threshold be greater than as R point; First three R point is judged with initial threshold.
(2) dynamic conditioning of decision threshold: get 1/2nd of the meansigma methods of first three continuous R point as new R point decision threshold;
Such as: initialize and have found 7 peak points (and being less than the data of 5 seconds) A
1(x), A
2(x), A
3(x), A
4(x), A
5(x), A
6(x), A
7x (), removes minima A
1(x) and maximum A
7(x), so
then just the peak value of initial threshold will be greater than as the 8th R point.9th R point and the 10th R point are also that same initial threshold compares judgement.When judgement 11R point, get the 8th, the 9th, the 10th average 1/2nd as compare threshold, namely
by that analogy,
Step 4, the Compensation Analysis method that mistake analysis and leakage are analyzed.
When there is tall and big T ripple if led individually, spike disturbs, drift interference etc. is easily parsed into the situation of R point, adopts above-mentioned overlay analysis method effectively to obtain more obvious by the deformation of R point, weaken these interference simultaneously, be convenient to searching of R point.
If great majority lead and there is tall and big T ripple, spike interference, drift interference etc. and be easily parsed into the situation of R point, or ventricular premature contraction etc. not easily analyzed arrive situation time, so the waveform after overlap-add procedure is further analyzed.
1. in overlaid waveforms figure, tall and big T ripple is parsed into the situation of R point, as shown in Figure 8: tall and big T ripple makes the peak-to-peak distance of adjacent wave occur abnormal, waveform and last ripple peak-to-peak distance RR2 < 300ms, and
time, namely the peak-to-peak distance of last ripple be less than the spacing of previous adjacent peaks two/for the moment, this waveform is tall and big T ripple, this tall and big T ripple is mistaken for R point situation delete.
2. in overlaid waveforms figure, spike interference is parsed into the situation of R point, as shown in Figure 9: spike interference place waveform peak is greater than
waveform widths, and waveform widths Δ t<30ms, wherein
represent 1/4th peak-peaks, the situation that spike interference is mistaken for R point is deleted.
3. in difference waveform figure, drift interference is easily parsed into the situation of R point, as shown in Figure 10:
Drift interference place waveform is in the range of waveforms of 40 milliseconds, front and back being defined as R point, and peak value is be just or entirely negative entirely, the situation that this drift interference is mistaken for R point is deleted.
Great majority lead and there is ventricular premature contraction etc. and easily leaked situation about analyzing: as shown in figure 11, when finding t1 position, when namely distance is 1.5 times of a front R point interval, when also not finding R point, carry out back looking into.If meet peak value when being greater than 1/2nd dynamic thresholds, then in the R point increase this analyzed due to the leakage that ventricular premature contraction causes.
Claims (9)
1. superpose the method detecting ecg wave form R point, adopt the overlay analysis method to multi-lead waveform, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps,
Step one, eliminating comes off, signal is little, disturb large leading,
Measured oscillogram that what step 2, overlap-add procedure did not exclude lead,
Step 3, judge R point with dynamic threshold,
Step 4, the Compensation Analysis that mistake analysis and leakage are analyzed.
2. a kind of method superposing detection ecg wave form R point according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: described step one get rid of come off, signal is little, disturb in large leading,
Leading of coming off refers to that all peak values in oscillogram are zero lead,
Little the leading of signal refers to that in oscillogram, all peak values are less than leading of the small signal threshold of setting,
, within any 1 second, the peak-peak of oscillogram is greater than the first interference threshold and minimum peak is less than leading of the second interference threshold to disturb large leading to refer to.
3. a kind of method superposing detection ecg wave form R point according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: small signal threshold is 0.15 millivolt, the first interference threshold is 5 millivolts, and the second interference threshold is-5 millivolts.
4. a kind of method superposing detection ecg wave form R point according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described step 2 comprises the following steps,
(1) difference: calculus of differences is carried out to the measured oscillogram of leading that each does not exclude, obtains a difference waveform figure, and the quantity of leading do not excluded is counted N;
(2) take absolute value and superpose: take absolute value above-mentioned each difference waveform figure process, each oscillogram after process is superposed;
(3) square and normalized: the result after superposition to be carried out square, by square after result be multiplied by the coefficient of stability
;
(4) integration: the result after normalization is carried out integral operation, obtains an overlaid waveforms figure.
5. a kind of method superposing detection ecg wave form R point according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 3 comprises the following steps,
(1) determination of initial decision threshold,
(2) dynamic conditioning of decision threshold.
6. a kind of method superposing detection ecg wave form R point according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the optional one of the following mode of determination of described initial decision threshold,
Overlaid waveforms figure gets appoint and get 7 continuous print peak points, remove a maximum and a minima, then average 1/2nd as initial threshold, using being greater than the peak value of initial decision threshold as R point, judging first three R point with initial threshold;
Or the data of getting 5 seconds of taking up an official post at overlaid waveforms figure, remove a maximum and a minima, then average 1/2nd as initial threshold, using being greater than the peak value of initial threshold as R point, judges first three R point with initial threshold.
7. a kind of method superposing detection ecg wave form R point according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the dynamic conditioning of described decision threshold refers to, for the judgement of the 4th and the 4th later R point, get 1/2nd decision thresholds put as this of the meansigma methods of three continuous R points before this point.
8. a kind of method superposing detection ecg wave form R point according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described step 4 is as follows to the Compensation Analysis analyzed by mistake,
(1) delete the situation that tall and big T ripple is mistaken for R point, wherein tall and big T ripple refers in overlaid waveforms figure and is less than 300 milliseconds with the peak-to-peak distance of last ripple and is less than the waveform of the spacing of 1/2nd previous adjacent peaks;
(2) delete the situation that spike interference is mistaken for R point, wherein spike interference refers to that in overlaid waveforms figure, peak value is greater than 1/4th peak-peaks, and the waveform that waveform widths is less than 30 milliseconds;
(3) delete the situation that drift interference is mistaken for R point, wherein drift interference refers to and is defined as within the scope of 40 milliseconds, the front and back of R point in difference waveform figure, and the peak value of waveform is just being or is being negative waveform.
9. a kind of method superposing detection ecg wave form R point according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described step 4 is specific as follows to leaking the Compensation Analysis analyzed,
Leak to analyze and refer to apart from when also not finding R point to carry out back looking in the interval of 1.5 times at the first two R point interval, meet the waveform that peak value is greater than 1/2nd of decision threshold.
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