CN104726699B - High-strength composite metallized pellet produced by using metallurgical iron-containing dust and production process thereof - Google Patents
High-strength composite metallized pellet produced by using metallurgical iron-containing dust and production process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 230
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229940095674 pellet product Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及冶金和矿物工程技术领域,公开了一种利用冶金含铁尘泥生产的高强度复合金属化球团及其生产工艺。The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy and mineral engineering, and discloses a high-strength composite metallized pellet produced by using metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge and a production process thereof.
背景技术Background technique
冶金含铁尘泥是钢铁工业生产过程中产生的种类多、成分杂的固体含铁物料,总产生量约占钢铁产量的5~6%,主要有:烧结除尘灰、球团除尘灰、高炉瓦斯灰、转炉OG泥、炼钢除尘灰、出铁场集尘等。冶金含铁尘泥的主要成分为铁,其含铁量为30~65%,含碳量为15~35%,同时含有一定的K、Na、Zn等碱金属元素。Metallurgical iron-containing dust is a solid iron-containing material with many types and complex components produced in the production process of the iron and steel industry. The total production accounts for about 5-6% of the iron and steel output. Gas ash, converter OG mud, steelmaking dust, casthouse dust collection, etc. The main component of metallurgical iron-bearing dust is iron, with an iron content of 30-65%, a carbon content of 15-35%, and a certain amount of alkali metal elements such as K, Na, and Zn.
在钢铁企业中,炼铁及炼钢尘泥中的Zn主要以ZnO形式存在,当冶金含铁尘泥供烧结配加使用时,物料中含有的ZnO仍然会留存在烧结矿中,最终造成锌在高炉内的循环富集,影响高炉的正常生产。因此企业除部分冶金含铁尘泥在烧结配料中使用外,其余尘泥大量堆积,未能开发利用。In iron and steel enterprises, Zn in ironmaking and steelmaking dust mainly exists in the form of ZnO. When metallurgical iron-containing dust is used for sintering and adding, the ZnO contained in the material will still remain in the sinter, eventually resulting in zinc The cyclic enrichment in the blast furnace affects the normal production of the blast furnace. Therefore, except for some metallurgical iron-containing dust sludge used in sintering ingredients, the rest of the dust sludge has accumulated in large quantities and has not been developed and utilized.
目前国内外主要采用转底炉对冶金尘泥进行直接还原处理,生产的金属化球团供炼铁高炉或炼钢转炉使用,存在投资大,单台投资在2亿元左右,单台处理能力20万吨/年左右,金属化率约为65%问题,尚未广泛推广应用。At present, rotary hearth furnaces are mainly used at home and abroad to directly reduce metallurgical dust and sludge. The metallized pellets produced are used in ironmaking blast furnaces or steelmaking converters. There is a large investment, with a single investment of about 200 million yuan and a single processing capacity. About 200,000 tons/year, the metallization rate is about 65%, and it has not been widely used.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种利用冶金含铁尘泥生产的高强度复合金属化球团及其生产工艺,将废弃的冶金含铁尘泥作为生产原料,生产出复合金属化球团,为高炉调整炉料结构提供金属化炉料,以解决大量的冶金含铁尘泥不能回收利用的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-strength composite metallized pellet produced by utilizing metallurgical iron-containing dust and its production process, and use the discarded metallurgical iron-containing dust as a production raw material to produce composite metallized pellets, which are used for blast furnaces. Adjust the charge structure to provide metallized charge to solve the problem that a large amount of metallurgical iron-containing dust cannot be recycled.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采取的技术方案为:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种利用冶金含铁尘泥生产的高强度复合金属化球团,用于高炉或转炉冶炼炉料,它包括内核、包裹在内核外部的外壳,所述内核由冶金含铁尘泥组成,所述冶金含铁尘泥由高炉瓦斯灰、转炉OG泥、转炉二次除尘灰按质量比为650:580~610:55~70的比例混合而成,所述外壳由铁精矿与膨润土按质量比为650:13~18的比例混合而成,所述冶金含铁尘泥与所述铁精矿的质量比为60~65:35~40,所述内核的粒度为20~25mm,所述外壳的厚度为5~10mm。A high-strength composite metallized pellet produced by metallurgical iron-containing dust and used for blast furnace or converter smelting charge, it includes an inner core and a shell wrapped outside the inner core, the inner core is composed of metallurgical iron-containing dust, the Metallurgical iron-containing dust is composed of blast furnace gas ash, converter OG mud, and converter secondary dedusting ash in a mass ratio of 650:580-610:55-70. The shell is made of iron concentrate and bentonite in a mass ratio It is mixed in the ratio of 650:13-18, the mass ratio of the metallurgical iron-containing dust and the iron concentrate is 60-65:35-40, the particle size of the inner core is 20-25mm, and the outer shell The thickness is 5 ~ 10mm.
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述外壳的外部还覆盖有一层还原剂。As a further improvement of the present invention, the outside of the shell is also covered with a layer of reducing agent.
作为本发明的更进一步改进,所述还原剂为煤炭粉,其质量为所述外壳中铁精矿质量的5~8%,其中粒度为-120目的煤炭粉颗粒的质量百分比含量大于80%。As a further improvement of the present invention, the reducing agent is coal powder, the mass of which is 5-8% of the mass of the iron concentrate in the shell, and the mass percentage of coal powder particles with a particle size of -120 mesh is greater than 80%.
作为本发明的更进一步改进,所述铁精矿的铁品位为54~66%、SiO2含量2~15%,其中粒度为-200目的铁精矿颗粒的质量百分比含量大于80%。As a further improvement of the present invention, the iron grade of the iron concentrate is 54-66%, the SiO 2 content is 2-15%, and the mass percentage content of the iron concentrate particles with a particle size of -200 mesh is greater than 80%.
作为本发明的更进一步改进,所述煤炭粉中固定碳、灰分、挥发分的质量百分比为72~76:11~15:11~14。As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass percentages of fixed carbon, ash and volatile matter in the coal powder are 72-76:11-15:11-14.
作为本发明的更进一步改进,所述高强度复合金属化球团中金属化率大于90%,抗压强度大于1600N/个球。As a further improvement of the present invention, the metallization rate in the high-strength composite metallized pellets is greater than 90%, and the compressive strength is greater than 1600N/ball.
如上所述的一种利用冶金含铁尘泥生产的高强度复合金属化球团的生产工艺,它包括以下步骤:A kind of production technology of the high-strength composite metallized pellet that utilizes metallurgical iron-containing dust to produce as above, it comprises the following steps:
步骤一、制备内核,将高炉瓦斯灰、转炉OG泥、转炉二次除尘灰按质量比为650:580~610:55~70的比例配料并混合均匀形成制备内核用冶金含铁尘泥,把冶金含铁尘泥加入到圆盘造球机中,加入混合物料总质量7~10%的水分进行圆盘或圆筒造球,控制内核的粒度为20~25mm;Step 1. Prepare the inner core. Blast furnace gas ash, converter OG mud, and converter secondary dedusting dust are mixed according to the mass ratio of 650:580-610:55-70 and mixed evenly to form metallurgical iron-containing dust sludge for preparing the inner core. Metallurgical iron-containing dust is added to the disc pelletizer, and 7-10% of the total mass of the mixture is added to carry out disc or cylinder pelletization, and the particle size of the inner core is controlled to be 20-25mm;
步骤二、包裹外壳形成复合金属化球团,将铁精矿与膨润土按质量比为650:13~18的比例配料并混合均匀,将步骤一所生产的内核放入该混合物料中,采用造球圆盘或圆筒将混合物料均匀包裹在所述内核的外壁上,形成所述外壳,外壳的厚度为5~10mm,得到粒度为25~35mm的湿复合金属化球团,其中步骤一中所述冶金含铁尘泥与所述铁精矿的质量比为60~65:35~40;Step 2. Wrap the outer shell to form a composite metallized pellet. Mix the iron concentrate and bentonite according to the mass ratio of 650:13-18 and mix evenly. Put the inner core produced in step 1 into the mixed material. Ball discs or cylinders evenly wrap the mixed material on the outer wall of the inner core to form the outer shell, the thickness of the outer shell is 5-10 mm, and wet composite metallized pellets with a particle size of 25-35 mm are obtained, wherein step 1 The mass ratio of the metallurgical iron-containing dust to the iron concentrate is 60-65:35-40;
步骤三、复合金属化球团外壁包裹还原层,将所述步骤二中制备的湿复合金属化球团放入质量为铁精矿质量5~8%的煤炭粉中,采用圆盘造球机使其外部均匀覆盖一层煤炭粉,形成还原层;Step 3: The outer wall of the composite metallized pellets is wrapped with a reducing layer, and the wet composite metallized pellets prepared in the step 2 are put into coal powder whose mass is 5-8% of the iron concentrate mass, and a disc pelletizer is used Cover the outside evenly with a layer of coal powder to form a reduction layer;
步骤四、复合金属化球团的布料与干燥,在还原窑的窑车底部、周边铺设一层10~20mm厚度的残炭或挥发分较低的煤炭,将复合金属化球团采用分级分层布料的方式铺设在窑车上,在复合金属化球团的上表层铺设一层10~20mm厚度的盖面煤炭,静置干燥;Step 4. Cloth and drying of the composite metallized pellets. Lay a layer of 10-20mm thick residual carbon or coal with low volatile content on the bottom and periphery of the kiln car of the reduction kiln, and grade and layer the composite metallized pellets. The cloth is laid on the kiln car, and a layer of 10-20mm thick covering coal is laid on the upper surface of the composite metallized pellets, and left to dry;
步骤五、复合金属化球团的还原焙烧,干燥后的复合金属化球团在还原窑内经过温度1150~1250℃、还原时间90~120min的直接还原及高温固结,得到高温还原复合金属化球团;Step 5: Reduction roasting of composite metallized pellets. The dried composite metallized pellets undergo direct reduction and high-temperature consolidation at a temperature of 1150-1250°C and a reduction time of 90-120 minutes in a reduction kiln to obtain high-temperature reduction composite metallization pellets;
步骤六、高温还原复合金属化球团的冷却与分选,将步骤五所得的高温还原复合金属化球团无氧冷却到常温后进行磁性物料与非磁性物料分选,得到金属化率大于90%、抗压强度大于1600N/个球的高强度复合金属化球团产品。Step 6. Cooling and sorting of the high-temperature reduction composite metallized pellets. The high-temperature reduction composite metallization pellets obtained in step 5 are anaerobically cooled to room temperature and then sorted from magnetic materials and non-magnetic materials to obtain a metallization rate greater than 90. %, high-strength composite metallized pellet products with compressive strength greater than 1600N/ball.
作为本发明的更进一步改进,当所述复合金属化球团的在还原焙烧时采用外配还原剂时,可省略所述步骤三,所述步骤五复合金属化球团的还原焙烧时根据铁精矿的品位,在还原窑还内配入所述复合金属化球团质量15~20%的还原煤炭。As a further improvement of the present invention, when the composite metallized pellets are reduced and roasted using an external reducing agent, the step three can be omitted, and the step five is based on iron For the grade of the concentrate, 15-20% of the weight of the composite metallized pellets is mixed into the reduction kiln with reduced coal.
作为本发明的更进一步改进,所述还原窑为隧道窑或者车底炉或者室式炉。As a further improvement of the present invention, the reduction kiln is a tunnel kiln, a car bottom furnace or a chamber furnace.
本发明所述的复合金属化球团粒度的确定原理:根据大粒度球团在还原炉窑内布料后,球团之间的孔隙较大,有利于球团上下层之间的辐射传热,减小物料的传热热阻及上下层物料的温差,使整个物料沿厚度方向得到均匀还原,实现厚料层的还原焙烧。但当球团的粒度超过40mm时,由于球团内部传热热阻的增大及球团还原需要吸收一定的热量,球团的内外温差随之增大,其内核的还原温度较低,影响内核的还原速度和还原质量。当球团粒度小于20mm时,在球团中炼铁及炼钢尘泥所占的比例较小,本发明所处理的冶金含铁尘泥量下降,同时球团之间辐射传热量减小,不利于厚料层的球团还原。此外,本发明生产的复合金属化球团作为高炉炉料进行利用时,为提高高炉的透气性,金属化球团的粒度应尽可能增大。因此,将本发明复合金属化球团的粒度选择为25~35mm。The principle of determining the particle size of the composite metallized pellets in the present invention: after the large-size pellets are distributed in the reduction furnace, the pores between the pellets are relatively large, which is beneficial to the radiation heat transfer between the upper and lower layers of the pellets, Reduce the heat transfer resistance of the material and the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of the material, so that the entire material can be uniformly reduced along the thickness direction, and realize the reduction roasting of the thick material layer. However, when the particle size of the pellet exceeds 40 mm, due to the increase of the internal heat transfer resistance of the pellet and the need to absorb a certain amount of heat for the reduction of the pellet, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the pellet increases accordingly, and the reduction temperature of the inner core is low, which affects The restore speed and restore quality of the kernel. When the particle size of the pellets is less than 20mm, the proportion of ironmaking and steelmaking dust and sludge in the pellets is small, the amount of metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge treated by the present invention decreases, and the radiation heat transfer between the pellets decreases simultaneously. It is not conducive to the reduction of pellets in thick material layers. In addition, when the composite metallized pellets produced by the present invention are used as blast furnace charge, in order to improve the air permeability of the blast furnace, the particle size of the metallized pellets should be as large as possible. Therefore, the particle size of the composite metallized pellets of the present invention is selected to be 25-35 mm.
本发明中复合金属化球团的内核由高炉瓦斯灰、转炉OG泥、转炉二次除尘灰制成,钾和钠在复合金属化球团中主要以碳酸钾或碳酸钠的形式存在,由于碳酸钾熔点为891℃、碳酸钠熔点为854℃,当碳酸钾和碳酸钠熔解在混合物料中后,就会造成混合物料的膨胀。本发明通过调整内核中高炉瓦斯灰、转炉OG泥、转炉二次除尘灰三种冶金含铁尘泥的配比,利用高炉瓦斯灰中碳含量较高、转炉OG泥中铁品位及CaO含量较高,转炉二次除尘灰中SiO2含量较高的特点,制成复合金属化球团的内核,在高温还原过程中可形成一定渣相,减弱混合物料膨胀的趋势;同时在内核外表面包裹一层铁精矿与膨润土组成的外壳,在高温焙烧时铁精矿先被还原成金属铁,金属铁结晶形成具有一定强度的金属外壳,能够有效抑制内核的膨胀,使整个复合金属化球团保持完整的球型,并且具有较高的强度。In the present invention, the core of the composite metallized pellet is made of blast furnace gas ash, converter OG mud, and secondary dust removal dust of the converter. Potassium and sodium mainly exist in the form of potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate in the composite metallized pellet. The melting point of potassium is 891°C, and the melting point of sodium carbonate is 854°C. When potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate are dissolved in the mixture, the mixture will expand. In the present invention, by adjusting the ratio of three metallurgical iron-containing dust sludges in the core, blast furnace gas ash, converter OG mud, and converter secondary dedusting dust, the carbon content in the blast furnace gas dust is higher, and the iron grade and CaO content in the converter OG mud are higher. , the high content of SiO 2 in the secondary dedusting dust of the converter makes the core of the composite metallized pellets, which can form a certain slag phase during the high-temperature reduction process and weaken the tendency of the mixed material to expand; at the same time, wrap a layer on the outer surface of the core The shell composed of iron concentrate and bentonite, the iron concentrate is first reduced to metallic iron during high-temperature roasting, and the metallic iron crystallizes to form a metal shell with a certain strength, which can effectively inhibit the expansion of the inner core and keep the entire composite metallized pellet Complete spherical shape, and has high strength.
本发明所述的复合金属化球团还原工艺不仅利用了内核的配料中原有的碳,还使用外裹还原剂技术在湿球表面包裹一层煤炭组成的还原层,能使大粒径复合金属化球团在高温还原过程中内外同时得到均匀还原,加快了还原速度,缩短了还原时间。The composite metallized pellet reduction process of the present invention not only utilizes the original carbon in the ingredients of the inner core, but also uses the technology of wrapping reducing agent to wrap a reduction layer composed of coal on the surface of the wet ball, which can make the composite metal with large particle size The pellets are uniformly reduced inside and outside at the same time during the high-temperature reduction process, which speeds up the reduction speed and shortens the reduction time.
本发明所用的冶金含铁尘泥中含有较高的氧化锌,在还原炉窑的高温及还原性气氛下,氧化锌被还原成金属锌,由于金属锌的熔点为419.53℃、沸点为907℃,生成的金属锌在炉内高温下进行气化,并以锌蒸汽的形式随烟气排出。锌蒸汽在烟气冷却降温过程中锌被再次氧化,并生成氧化锌固体颗粒,氧化锌经收集后,可获得含氧化锌含量40~65%的副产品。因此,在金属化球团生产过程中,本工艺具有脱锌和收锌功能。The metallurgical iron-containing dust sludge used in the present invention contains relatively high zinc oxide. Under the high temperature and reducing atmosphere of the reduction furnace, zinc oxide is reduced to metallic zinc. Since the melting point of metallic zinc is 419.53°C and the boiling point is 907°C , the generated metal zinc is gasified at high temperature in the furnace, and is discharged with the flue gas in the form of zinc vapor. Zinc vapor is oxidized again during the cooling process of the flue gas, and forms zinc oxide solid particles. After the zinc oxide is collected, a by-product containing 40-65% zinc oxide can be obtained. Therefore, in the production process of metallized pellets, this process has the functions of dezincification and zinc collection.
本发明在采用高炉瓦斯灰、转炉OG泥、转炉二次除尘灰混合物料进行生产内核中,根据转炉OG泥粒度较细、CaO含量较高的特点,在不配加粘结剂的情况下进行内核生产,降低了生产成本。In the present invention, in the production of kernels by using blast furnace gas ash, converter OG mud, and converter secondary dedusting ash mixture materials, according to the characteristics of converter OG mud with fine particle size and high CaO content, the kernel is produced without adding a binder production, reducing production costs.
本发明的有益效果为:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)、本发明使钢铁企业产生的冶金含铁尘泥得到了有效利用,减少了冶金含铁尘泥堆积所造成的环境污染,且本发明所述的工艺单条生产线投资少,仅2000万元/条,年生产能力可达到10~15万吨;(1) The present invention makes effective use of metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge produced by iron and steel enterprises, reduces the environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge, and the investment of a single production line of the process described in the present invention is small, only 20 million Yuan/piece, the annual production capacity can reach 100,000 to 150,000 tons;
(2)、本发明所述的大粒度复合球团矿生产工艺,解决了复合金属化球团还原过程中内部传热及还原质量不均的问题,可使复合金属化球团的金属化率达到90%以上,高炉配加使用过程中厚炉料透气性好,复合金属化球团碱金属脱除率较高,增加了高炉配加冶金含铁尘泥的使用量;(2) The production process of large-size composite pellets according to the present invention solves the problems of internal heat transfer and uneven reduction quality in the reduction process of composite metallized pellets, and can make the metallization rate of composite metallized pellets Reaching more than 90%, the thick furnace charge has good air permeability during the blast furnace mixing process, and the alkali metal removal rate of the composite metallized pellets is high, which increases the usage of the blast furnace mixing metallurgical iron-containing dust;
(3)、本发明通过在复合金属化球团内核外裹铁精矿形成复合球团,解决了冶金含铁尘泥在还原焙烧过程中的膨胀问题;(3) The present invention solves the expansion problem of metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge in the reduction roasting process by wrapping iron concentrate outside the inner core of composite metallized pellets to form composite pellets;
(4)、本发明通过对冶金含铁尘泥进行直接还原处理,生产出复合金属化球团,为高炉调整炉料结构提供金属化炉料,进一步降低入炉焦比,高炉配入比例达到10%时可降低焦比8%。(4) The present invention produces composite metallized pellets through direct reduction treatment of metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge, which provides metallized charge for adjusting the charge structure of the blast furnace, further reduces the ratio of coke into the furnace, and the ratio of the charge into the blast furnace reaches 10% The focal ratio can be reduced by 8%.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是实施例1中利用冶金含铁尘泥生产高强度复合金属化球团的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of utilizing metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge to produce high-strength composite metallized pellets in Example 1;
图2是实施例1中利用冶金含铁尘泥生产高强度复合金属化球团的工艺流程图;Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of utilizing metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge to produce high-strength composite metallized pellets in Example 1;
图3是实施例2中利用冶金含铁尘泥生产高强度复合金属化球团的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is the structural representation of utilizing metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge to produce high-strength composite metallized pellets in Example 2;
图4是实施例2中利用冶金含铁尘泥生产高强度复合金属化球团的工艺流程图。Fig. 4 is a process flow chart of producing high-strength composite metallized pellets by using metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge in Example 2.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示的一种利用冶金含铁尘泥生产的高强度复合金属化球团,用于高炉或转炉冶炼炉料,它包括内核1、包裹在内核1外部的外壳2,内核1由冶金含铁尘泥组成,冶金含铁尘泥由高炉瓦斯灰、转炉OG泥、转炉二次除尘灰按质量比为650:580~610:55~70的比例混合而成,外壳2由铁精矿与膨润土按质量比为650:13~18的比例混合而成,冶金含铁尘泥与铁精矿的质量比为60~65:35~40,内核1的粒度为20~25mm,外壳2的厚度为5~10mm。外壳2的外部还覆盖有一层煤炭粉作为还原剂3。煤炭粉的质量为外壳2中铁精矿质量的5~8%,其中粒度为-120目的煤炭粉颗粒的质量百分比含量大于80%。As shown in Figure 1, a high-strength composite metallized pellet produced by utilizing metallurgical iron-containing dust is used for blast furnace or converter smelting charge, and it includes a core 1 and a shell 2 wrapped outside the core 1. Composed of iron-containing dust and sludge, metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge are composed of blast furnace gas ash, converter OG sludge, and converter secondary dedusting ash in a mass ratio of 650:580-610:55-70, and the shell 2 is made of iron concentrate It is mixed with bentonite at a mass ratio of 650:13-18, the mass ratio of metallurgical iron-containing dust and iron concentrate is 60-65:35-40, the particle size of the inner core 1 is 20-25mm, and the outer shell 2 The thickness is 5-10mm. The outside of the casing 2 is also covered with a layer of coal powder as the reducing agent 3 . The mass of the coal powder is 5-8% of the mass of the iron concentrate in the shell 2, and the mass percentage of the coal powder particles with a particle size of -120 mesh is greater than 80%.
铁精矿的铁品位为54~66%、SiO2含量2~15%,其中粒度为-200目的铁精矿颗粒的质量百分比含量大于80%。The iron grade of the iron concentrate is 54-66%, the SiO 2 content is 2-15%, and the mass percentage content of the iron concentrate particles with a particle size of -200 mesh is greater than 80%.
煤炭粉中固定碳、灰分、挥发分的质量百分比为72~76:11~15:11~14。The mass percentages of fixed carbon, ash and volatile matter in coal powder are 72-76:11-15:11-14.
高强度复合金属化球团中金属化率大于90%,抗压强度大于1600N/个球。The metallization rate of high-strength composite metallized pellets is greater than 90%, and the compressive strength is greater than 1600N/ball.
如图2所示的一种利用冶金含铁尘泥生产的高强度复合金属化球团的生产工艺,它包括以下步骤:A kind of production technology of the high-strength composite metallized pellet that utilizes metallurgical iron-containing dust to produce as shown in Figure 2, it comprises the following steps:
步骤一、制备内核,将高炉瓦斯灰、转炉OG泥、转炉二次除尘灰按质量比为650:580~610:55~70的比例配料并混合均匀形成制备内核用冶金含铁尘泥,把冶金含铁尘泥加入到圆盘造球机中,加入混合物料总质量7~10%的水分进行圆盘或圆筒造球,控制内核的粒度为20~25mm;Step 1. Prepare the inner core. Blast furnace gas ash, converter OG mud, and converter secondary dedusting dust are mixed according to the mass ratio of 650:580-610:55-70 and mixed evenly to form metallurgical iron-containing dust sludge for preparing the inner core. Metallurgical iron-containing dust is added to the disc pelletizer, and 7-10% of the total mass of the mixture is added to carry out disc or cylinder pelletization, and the particle size of the inner core is controlled to be 20-25mm;
步骤二、包裹外壳形成复合金属化球团,将铁精矿与膨润土按质量比为650:13~18的比例配料并混合均匀,将步骤一所生产的内核放入该混合物料中,采用造球圆盘或圆筒将混合物料均匀包裹在内核的外壁上,形成外壳,外壳的厚度为5~10mm,得到粒度为25~35mm的湿复合金属化球团,其中步骤一中冶金含铁尘泥与铁精矿的质量比为60~65:35~40;Step 2. Wrap the outer shell to form a composite metallized pellet. Mix the iron concentrate and bentonite according to the mass ratio of 650:13-18 and mix evenly. Put the inner core produced in step 1 into the mixed material. The ball disc or cylinder evenly wraps the mixed material on the outer wall of the inner core to form a shell with a thickness of 5-10 mm to obtain wet composite metallized pellets with a particle size of 25-35 mm. In step 1, metallurgical iron-containing dust The mass ratio of mud to iron concentrate is 60-65:35-40;
步骤三、复合金属化球团外壁包裹还原层,将步骤二中制备的湿复合金属化球团放入质量为铁精矿质量5~8%的煤炭粉中,采用圆盘造球机使其外部均匀覆盖一层煤炭粉,形成还原层;Step 3: Wrap the reduction layer on the outer wall of the composite metallized pellets, put the wet composite metallized pellets prepared in step 2 into the coal powder with a mass of 5% to 8% of the iron concentrate mass, and use a disc pelletizer to make it The outside is evenly covered with a layer of coal powder to form a reduction layer;
步骤四、复合金属化球团的布料与干燥,在还原窑的窑车底部、周边铺设一层10~20mm厚度的残炭或挥发分较低的煤炭,将复合金属化球团采用分级分层布料的方式铺设在窑车上,在复合金属化球团的上表层铺设一层10~20mm厚度的盖面煤炭,静置干燥;Step 4. Cloth and drying of the composite metallized pellets. Lay a layer of 10-20mm thick residual carbon or coal with low volatile content on the bottom and periphery of the kiln car of the reduction kiln, and grade and layer the composite metallized pellets. The cloth is laid on the kiln car, and a layer of 10-20mm thick covering coal is laid on the upper surface of the composite metallized pellets, and left to dry;
步骤五、复合金属化球团的还原焙烧,干燥后的复合金属化球团在还原窑内经过温度1150~1250℃、还原时间90~120min的直接还原及高温固结,得到高温还原复合金属化球团;Step 5: Reduction roasting of composite metallized pellets. The dried composite metallized pellets undergo direct reduction and high-temperature consolidation at a temperature of 1150-1250°C and a reduction time of 90-120 minutes in a reduction kiln to obtain high-temperature reduction composite metallization pellets;
步骤六、高温还原复合金属化球团的冷却与分选,将步骤五所得的高温还原复合金属化球团无氧冷却到常温后进行磁性物料与非磁性物料分选,得到金属化率大于90%、抗压强度大于1600N/个球的高强度复合金属化球团产品。Step 6. Cooling and sorting of the high-temperature reduction composite metallized pellets. The high-temperature reduction composite metallization pellets obtained in step 5 are anaerobically cooled to room temperature and then sorted from magnetic materials and non-magnetic materials to obtain a metallization rate greater than 90. %, high-strength composite metallized pellet products with compressive strength greater than 1600N/ball.
实施例2Example 2
如图3所示的一种利用冶金含铁尘泥生产的高强度复合金属化球团,用于高炉或转炉冶炼炉料,它包括内核1、包裹在内核1外部的外壳2,其特征在于:内核1由冶金含铁尘泥组成,冶金含铁尘泥由高炉瓦斯灰、转炉OG泥、转炉二次除尘灰按质量比为650:580~610:55~70的比例混合而成,外壳2由铁精矿与膨润土按质量比为650:13~18的比例混合而成,冶金含铁尘泥与铁精矿的质量比为60~65:35~40,内核1的粒度为20~25mm,外壳2的厚度为5~10mm。As shown in Figure 3, a high-strength composite metallized pellet produced by metallurgical iron-containing dust is used for blast furnace or converter smelting charge. It includes a core 1 and a shell 2 wrapped outside the core 1. It is characterized in that: The inner core 1 is composed of metallurgical iron-containing dust, and the metallurgical iron-containing dust is composed of blast furnace gas ash, converter OG mud, and converter secondary dedusting ash in a mass ratio of 650:580-610:55-70. The shell 2 It is made by mixing iron concentrate and bentonite according to the mass ratio of 650:13-18, the mass ratio of metallurgical iron-containing dust and iron concentrate is 60-65:35-40, and the particle size of core 1 is 20-25mm , the thickness of the shell 2 is 5-10mm.
铁精矿的铁品位为54~66%、SiO2含量2~15%,其中粒度为-200目的铁精矿颗粒的质量百分比含量大于80%。The iron grade of the iron concentrate is 54-66%, the SiO 2 content is 2-15%, and the mass percentage content of the iron concentrate particles with a particle size of -200 mesh is greater than 80%.
高强度复合金属化球团中金属化率大于90%,抗压强度大于1600N/个球。The metallization rate of high-strength composite metallized pellets is greater than 90%, and the compressive strength is greater than 1600N/ball.
如图4所示的一种利用冶金含铁尘泥生产的高强度复合金属化球团的生产工艺,它包括以下步骤:A kind of production technology of the high-strength composite metallized pellet that utilizes metallurgical iron-containing dust to produce as shown in Figure 4, it comprises the following steps:
步骤一、制备内核,将高炉瓦斯灰、转炉OG泥、转炉二次除尘灰按质量比为650:580~610:55~70的比例配料并混合均匀形成制备内核用冶金含铁尘泥,把冶金含铁尘泥加入到圆盘造球机中,加入混合物料总质量7~10%的水分进行圆盘或圆筒造球,控制内核的粒度为20~25mm;Step 1. Prepare the inner core. Blast furnace gas ash, converter OG mud, and converter secondary dedusting dust are mixed according to the mass ratio of 650:580-610:55-70 and mixed evenly to form metallurgical iron-containing dust sludge for preparing the inner core. Metallurgical iron-containing dust is added to the disc pelletizer, and 7-10% of the total mass of the mixture is added to carry out disc or cylinder pelletization, and the particle size of the inner core is controlled to be 20-25mm;
步骤二、包裹外壳形成复合金属化球团,将铁精矿与膨润土按质量比为650:13~18的比例配料并混合均匀,将步骤一所生产的内核放入该混合物料中,采用造球圆盘或圆筒将混合物料均匀包裹在内核的外壁上,形成外壳,外壳的厚度为5~10mm,得到粒度为25~35mm的湿复合金属化球团,其中步骤一中冶金含铁尘泥与铁精矿的质量比为60~65:35~40;Step 2. Wrap the outer shell to form a composite metallized pellet. Mix the iron concentrate and bentonite according to the mass ratio of 650:13-18 and mix evenly. Put the inner core produced in step 1 into the mixed material. The ball disc or cylinder evenly wraps the mixed material on the outer wall of the inner core to form a shell with a thickness of 5-10 mm to obtain wet composite metallized pellets with a particle size of 25-35 mm. In step 1, metallurgical iron-containing dust The mass ratio of mud to iron concentrate is 60-65:35-40;
步骤三、复合金属化球团的布料与干燥,在还原窑的窑车底部、周边铺设一层10~20mm厚度的残炭或挥发分较低的煤炭,将复合金属化球团采用分级分层布料的方式铺设在窑车上,在复合金属化球团的上表层铺设一层10~20mm厚度的盖面煤炭,静置干燥;Step 3. Cloth and drying of the composite metallized pellets. Lay a layer of 10-20mm thick residual carbon or coal with low volatile content on the bottom and periphery of the kiln car of the reduction kiln. The composite metallized pellets are graded and layered. The cloth is laid on the kiln car, and a layer of 10-20mm thick covering coal is laid on the upper surface of the composite metallized pellets, and left to dry;
步骤四、复合金属化球团的还原焙烧,干燥后的复合金属化球团在还原窑内经过温度1150~1250℃、还原时间90~120min的直接还原及高温固结,同时根据铁精矿的品位,在还原窑还原焙烧时内配入复合金属化球团质量15~20%的还原煤炭,得到高温还原复合金属化球团;Step 4: Reduction roasting of the composite metallized pellets. The dried composite metallized pellets undergo direct reduction and high-temperature consolidation at a temperature of 1150-1250°C and a reduction time of 90-120 minutes in the reduction kiln. Grade, during reduction roasting in the reduction kiln, 15-20% of the weight of composite metallized pellets is mixed with reduced coal to obtain high-temperature reduced composite metallized pellets;
步骤五、高温还原复合金属化球团的冷却与分选,将步骤四所得的高温还原复合金属化球团无氧冷却到常温后进行磁性物料与非磁性物料分选,得到金属化率大于90%、抗压强度大于1600N/个球的高强度复合金属化球团产品。Step 5. Cooling and sorting of the high-temperature reduction composite metallized pellets. The high-temperature reduction composite metallization pellets obtained in step 4 are anaerobically cooled to room temperature and then sorted between magnetic materials and non-magnetic materials to obtain a metallization rate greater than 90. %, high-strength composite metallized pellet products with compressive strength greater than 1600N/ball.
以上两个实施例中还原窑为隧道窑或者车底炉或者室式炉。In the above two embodiments, the reduction kiln is a tunnel kiln or a car bottom furnace or a chamber furnace.
本发明通过利用冶金含铁尘泥生产高强度复合金属化球团,其金属化率达到90%以上、抗压强度大于1600N/个球,可满足高炉配加炉料的使用要求,将废弃的冶金含铁尘泥回收利用,实现了节能减排,降低了环境污染。The present invention produces high-strength composite metallized pellets by using metallurgical iron-containing dust and sludge, the metallization rate of which reaches more than 90%, and the compressive strength is greater than 1600N/ball, which can meet the use requirements of the blast furnace for adding furnace charges, and the discarded metallurgical Recycling and utilization of iron-containing dust realizes energy saving and emission reduction, and reduces environmental pollution.
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