CN104600953A - Gear shifting mechanism for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a gear shifting mechanism for an electric vehicle. The gear shifting mechanism is arranged in the gearbox of the electric vehicle, and comprises a shifting fork shaft, a movable magnet mounted on the shifting fork shaft, and a fixed magnet mounted on the end cover of the gearbox; the movable magnet and the fixed magnet are formed by unfolding the rotor and the stator of a rotary switched reluctance motor into linear distribution; coils are wound around the salient poles of the fixed magnet, and two windings opposite to each other in the diameter direction of the rotary switched reluctance motor are connected in series into one phase; at least one phase of salient poles in each group of salient poles of the movable magnet is aligned to one phase of salient poles of the fixed magnet up and down; the connected coils are electrified alternately so that the movable magnet can be moved to drive the shifting fork shaft to engage with different gears.

Description

Gear shifting mechanism for electric vehicle

Technical Field

The invention relates to a gear shifting mechanism for an electric vehicle, in particular to an electromagnetic automatic gear shifting mechanism for the electric vehicle.

Background

The gear shifting mechanism adopted at present mostly adopts an AMT gear shifting mechanism, wherein the gear shifting mechanism comprises three forms: electric control hydraulic drive, electric control pneumatic drive and electric control electric drive. The electric control hydraulic and pneumatic gear shifting structure is complex, the cost is high and the manufacture is difficult; the traditional electric control electric gear shifting structure also has the defects of large volume and heavy weight.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the main object of the present invention is to provide a simple and low-cost shift mechanism.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a shift mechanism for an electric vehicle, the shift mechanism being provided in a transmission case of the electric vehicle, comprising:

a fork shaft;

the moving magnet is arranged on the shifting fork shaft;

the fixed magnet is arranged on the end cover of the gearbox;

the movable magnet and the fixed magnet are respectively provided with a plurality of rectangular dentate salient poles;

the moving magnet and the fixed magnet are formed by radially unfolding a rotor and a stator of a rotary switched reluctance motor to form a straight line and distributing the rotor and the stator; the fixed magnet salient poles are wound with coils, and two windings opposite to each other in the diameter direction of the rotary switched reluctance motor are connected in series to form one phase;

at least one salient pole in each group of salient poles of the moving magnet and one salient pole of the fixed magnet are vertically aligned;

and the moving magnet moves by alternately electrifying the connected coils so as to drive the shifting fork shaft to engage different gears.

Wherein,

assuming that the number of shift positions of the shift mechanism is q, m represents the number of coil groups included in each set of salient poles, Nr represents the number of salient poles included in the fixed magnet, Ns represents the number of salient poles included in the moving magnet, when the winding coil is wound around the fixed magnet,

Nr＝2mq；Ns＝2m(q+1)；

when the winding coil is wound on the moving magnet,

Ns=2mq；Nr＝2m(q+1)；

wherein,

the two ends of the shifting fork shaft can be arranged to be eccentric cylindrical or square.

Wherein,

the number of salient poles of the moving magnet and the number of salient poles of the fixed magnet are set to be integral multiples of 6/4; or the number of salient poles of the moving magnet and the fixed magnet is set to be integral multiple of 8/6.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a neutral state of a shifter according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a structural view of the 1 st gear state of the shifter in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a structural view of the 2 nd gear state of the shifter in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rotational configuration of a shifter according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a fork shaft of the shift mechanism shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of yet another embodiment of a fork shaft of the shifting mechanism shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the grouping of the number of salient poles of the moving magnet and the number of poles of the winding coil.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention.

The principle of the invention mainly combines the principles of the switched reluctance motor and the linear motor and is applied to the gear shifting mechanism for the electric vehicle.

Fig. 1-3 show shift schemes according to embodiments of the present invention. Wherein the gear shift mechanism 10 is mounted in a gearbox 20, wherein the gear shift mechanism 10 comprises: the shifting fork 9, the shifting fork shaft 1, the moving magnet 7, the fixed magnet 5 and the winding coil A, B, C are arranged on the moving magnet 7. The moving magnet 7 is fixed on the declutch shift shaft 1 through a mounting plate 8, and the declutch shift shaft 1 is supported on the shell 3 of the gearbox 20 through a sliding bearing 2; the fork 9 is moved accordingly by the movement of the fork shaft 1; the fixed magnet 5 is mounted on the end cap 4 of the gearbox 20. Wherein the moving magnet 7 can be moved by energizing the windings on a given magnet 5.

The moving magnet 7 and the fixed magnet 5 are stacked by silicon steel sheets, and the silicon steel sheets are chiseled into a plurality of rectangular toothed salient poles. The number of salient poles of the moving magnet 7 is not equal to that of the fixed magnet 5.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the moving magnet 7 may be provided with 4 salient poles, each salient pole has the same width, and the space between the salient poles is the same; the fixed magnet 5 can be provided with 6 salient poles, the width of each salient pole is equal, and the intervals between the salient poles are equal; the 6 salient poles of the fixed magnet 5 are wound with windings. The moving magnet 7 and the fixed magnet 5 may be arranged to spread a three-phase 6/4-structure rotary switched reluctance motor in the circumferential direction, and the stator (the fixed magnet 5) and the rotor (the moving magnet 7) may be arranged in a straight line, as shown in fig. 4; in which, on the same principle as the switched reluctance motor, 6 salient poles of the fixed magnet 5 are provided with windings, and are connected in the diameter direction of the rotary switched reluctance motor shown in fig. 4 as "one phase", so that A, B, C three phases can be correspondingly set, as shown in fig. 1 to 3. Wherein two salient poles of one phase, for example, phase A, are arranged to coincide with two salient poles of the moving magnets 7 in positions up and down, so that the four salient poles of B, C two phases are respectively staggered from the salient poles of the moving magnets 7 adjacent thereto by a certain distance.

According to the "minimum reluctance principle", when the winding a phase is energized, the moving magnet 7 does not move because the salient pole of the a phase coincides with the salient pole position of the fixed magnet 5, so that the shift fork 9 stays in the neutral position, as shown in fig. 1;

when the winding B is electrified, because the salient pole of the phase B is not overlapped with the corresponding salient pole of the moving magnet 7, the corresponding salient pole of the moving magnet 7 is driven by the magnetic pulling force of an electromagnetic field to move leftwards until the two salient poles of the phase B are overlapped with the corresponding salient pole of the fixed magnet 5, so that the shifting fork shaft 1 can drive the shifting fork 9 to move leftwards to joint the gear 1, as shown in figure 2;

similar to the principle of winding B, when winding C is energized, the fork 9 moves to the right, engaging 2 nd gear, as shown in FIG. 3.

As described above, the electric vehicle can be controlled to automatically shift gears by individually energizing the three-phase windings A, B, C.

In order to prevent the moving magnet 7 from moving radially, the two ends of the fork shaft 1 may be provided with eccentric cylinders, or may be provided with square shapes, as shown in fig. 5 and 6.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described in the configuration of the minimum number of salient poles 6/4 (fixed magnet/moving magnet) provided in the two-stage configuration, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that a gear shift mechanism of two or more stages can be implemented depending on the number of phases, e.g., three phases, four phases, and the number of phases, in which the salient poles of the moving magnet and the fixed magnet are provided, which are different.

Based on the principle of the switched reluctance motor, different matching can be set for the number of the stages of the moving magnet and the fixed magnet, and 2-gear and 3-gear structures can be realized according to the most common three-phase (6/4) structure and four-phase (8/6) structure at present.

Moreover, an integral multiple number of salient poles may be provided on the basis, for example, a three-phase (12/8, 24/16 … and so on) or four-phase (16/12, 32/24 and so on) structure, and the same shift structure may also be achieved by connecting winding coils on the integral multiple number of salient poles in series as a one-phase closed circuit, and taking 12/8 structure as an example, since the number of salient poles is 2 times that of the basic structure 6/4, the salient poles are divided into two groups, wherein each group includes 1-phase salient pole ((a1, B1, C1, a1 ', B1', C1 '), (a2, B2, C2, a 2', B2 ', C2')); the series connection of the salient poles of the A-phase group, the B-phase group and the C-phase group forms a closed loop, namely the series connection of the coils of each phase group has the number of 2 (including two groups A1 and A2 of the A-phase group), as shown in FIG. 7.

By analogy, the following parameter relationships can be obtained:

assuming that the number of shift positions of the shift mechanism is represented by q, m represents the number of coil groups connected in series per phase group, the number of salient poles of the stator is represented by Ns, the number of salient poles of the rotor is represented by Nr, when the winding coil is wound on the stationary magnet,

Nr=2mq；Ns=2m(q+1)

when the winding coil is wound on the moving magnet,

Ns=2mq；Nr=2m(q+1)；

according to the formula, different numbers of salient poles Nr and Ns of the fixed magnets and the moving magnets can be arranged according to the required number q of the gears.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A gearshift mechanism for an electric vehicle, the gearshift mechanism being provided in a transmission case of the electric vehicle, comprising:

a fork shaft;

the moving magnet is arranged on the shifting fork shaft;

the fixed magnet is arranged on the end cover of the gearbox;

the movable magnet and the fixed magnet are respectively provided with a plurality of rectangular dentate salient poles;

the moving magnet and the fixed magnet are formed by radially unfolding a rotor and a stator of a rotary switched reluctance motor to form a straight line and distributing the rotor and the stator; the fixed magnet salient poles are wound with coils, and two windings opposite to each other in the diameter direction of the rotary switched reluctance motor are connected in series to form one phase;

at least one salient pole in each group of salient poles of the moving magnet and one salient pole of the fixed magnet are vertically aligned;

and the moving magnet moves by alternately electrifying the connected coils so as to drive the shifting fork shaft to engage different gears.

2. The shift mechanism for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that:

assuming that the number of shift positions of the shift mechanism is q, m represents the number of coil groups included in each set of salient poles, Nr represents the number of salient poles included in the fixed magnet, Ns represents the number of salient poles included in the moving magnet, when the winding coil is wound around the fixed magnet,

Nr＝2mq；Ns=2m(q+1)；

when the winding coil is wound on the moving magnet,

Ns=2mq；Nr＝2m(q+1)。

3. the shift mechanism of claim 1, wherein:

the two ends of the shifting fork shaft can be arranged to be eccentric cylindrical or square.

4. The shift mechanism of claim 1, wherein:

the number of salient poles of the moving magnet and the number of salient poles of the fixed magnet are set to be integral multiples of 6/4; or the number of salient poles of the moving magnet and the fixed magnet is set to be integral multiple of 8/6.